WO2012161877A1 - Pyridine-and pyrazine derivatives - Google Patents

Pyridine-and pyrazine derivatives Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012161877A1
WO2012161877A1 PCT/US2012/032983 US2012032983W WO2012161877A1 WO 2012161877 A1 WO2012161877 A1 WO 2012161877A1 US 2012032983 W US2012032983 W US 2012032983W WO 2012161877 A1 WO2012161877 A1 WO 2012161877A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
amino
pyridin
nicotinamide
denotes
thiophen
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2012/032983
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Guenter Hoelzemann
Hans-Michael Eggenweiler
Srinivasa R. Karra
Original Assignee
Merck Patent Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to AU2012259333A priority Critical patent/AU2012259333B2/en
Priority to EP12715279.1A priority patent/EP2714677B1/en
Application filed by Merck Patent Gmbh filed Critical Merck Patent Gmbh
Priority to DK12715279.1T priority patent/DK2714677T3/en
Priority to PL12715279T priority patent/PL2714677T3/pl
Priority to EA201301302A priority patent/EA023364B1/ru
Priority to LTEP12715279.1T priority patent/LT2714677T/lt
Priority to SI201231465T priority patent/SI2714677T1/sl
Priority to JP2014512837A priority patent/JP6054954B2/ja
Priority to SG2013074638A priority patent/SG194105A1/en
Priority to ES12715279T priority patent/ES2699256T3/es
Priority to MX2013012979A priority patent/MX352975B/es
Priority to CN201280025133.3A priority patent/CN103748086B/zh
Priority to US14/118,845 priority patent/US9273029B2/en
Priority to RS20181427A priority patent/RS58015B1/sr
Priority to CA2832605A priority patent/CA2832605C/en
Priority to BR112013029640A priority patent/BR112013029640A2/pt
Priority to KR1020137030982A priority patent/KR101581522B1/ko
Publication of WO2012161877A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012161877A1/en
Priority to ZA2013/07429A priority patent/ZA201307429B/en
Priority to IL229528A priority patent/IL229528A/en
Priority to HK14109947.9A priority patent/HK1196601A1/zh
Priority to HRP20181884TT priority patent/HRP20181884T1/hr

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    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
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    • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/444—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring heteroatom, e.g. amrinone
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    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
    • A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/4545—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pipamperone, anabasine
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    • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
    • A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
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    • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
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    • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
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    • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
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    • C07D491/048—Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring the oxygen-containing ring being five-membered

Definitions

  • the invention had the object of finding novel compounds having valuable properties, in particular those which can be used for the preparation of medicaments.
  • the present invention relates to pyridine compounds that are capable of inhibiting one or more kinases.
  • the compounds find applications in the treatment of a variety of disorders, including cancer, septic shock, Primary open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), hyperplasia, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, artherosclerosis, retinopathy,
  • POAG Primary open Angle Glaucoma
  • hyperplasia rheumatoid arthritis
  • psoriasis artherosclerosis
  • retinopathy retinopathy
  • osteoarthritis endometriosis, chronic inflammation, and/or neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimers disease.
  • the present invention relates to compounds and to the use of compounds in which the inhibition, regulation and/or modulation of signal transduction by kinases, in particular receptor tyrosine kinases, furthermore to pharmaceutical compositions which comprise these compounds, and to the use of the compounds for the treatment of kinase- induced diseases.
  • protein kinases regulate nearly every cellular process, including metabolism, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell survival, they are attractive targets for therapeutic intervention for various disease states.
  • cell-cycle control and angiogenesis in which protein kinases play a pivotal role are cellular processes associated with numerous disease conditions such as but not limited to cancer, inflammatory diseases, abnormal angiogenesis and diseases related thereto, atherosclerosis, macular degeneration, diabetes, obesity, and pain.
  • the present invention relates to compounds and to the use of compounds in which the inhibition, regulation and/or modulation of signal transduction by TBK1 and ⁇ plays a role.
  • Protein phosphorylation represents one course by which intracellular signals are propagated from molecule to molecule resulting finally in a cellular response.
  • These signal transduction cascades are highly regulated and often overlap, as is evident from the existence of many protein kinases as well as phosphatases. Phosphorylation of proteins occurs predominantly at serine, threonine or tyrosine residues, and protein kinases have therefore been classified by their specificity of phosphorylation site, i.e. serine/threonine kinases and tyrosine kinases.
  • ⁇ and TBK1 are serine/threonine kinases which are highly homologous to one another and to other IkB kinases.
  • the two kinases play an integral role in the innate immune system.
  • Double-stranded RNA viruses are recognised by the Toll-like receptors 3 and 4 and the RNA helicases RIG-I and MDA-5 and result in activation of the TRIF-TBK1/IKKe-IRF3 signalling cascade, which results in a type I interferon response.
  • Anomalous activity relates to either: (1 ) expression in cells which do not usually express these protein kinases; (2) increased kinase expression, which results in undesired cell proliferation, such as cancer; (3) increased kinase activity, which results in undesired cell proliferation, such as cancer, and/or in hyperactivity of the corresponding protein kinases.
  • Hyperactivity relates either to amplification of the gene which encodes for a certain protein kinase, or the generation of an activity level which can be correlated with a cell proliferation disease (i.e. the severity of one or more symptoms of the cell proliferation disease increases with increasing kinase level).
  • the bioavailability of a protein kinase may also be influenced by the presence or absence of a set of binding proteins of this kinase.
  • ⁇ and TBK1 are highly homologous Ser/Thr kinases critically involved in the innate immune response through induction of type 1 interferons and other cytokines. These kinases are stimulated in response to viral/bacterial infection. Immune response to viral and bacterial infection involves the binding of antigens such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), viral doublestranded RNS (dsRNA) to Toll like receptors, then subsequent activation of TBK1 pathway. Activated TBK1 and ⁇ phosphorylate IRF3 and IRF7, which triggers the dimerization and nuclear translocation of those interferon regulatory transcription factors, ultimately inducing a signaling cascades leading to IFN production.
  • LPS bacterial lipopolysaccharide
  • dsRNA viral doublestranded RNS
  • ⁇ and and TBK1 have also been implicated in cancer. It has been shown that ⁇ cooperates with activated MEK to transform human cells. In addition, ⁇ is frequently amplified/overexpressed in breast cancer cell lines and patient-derived tumors. TBK1 is induced under hypoxic conditions and expressed at significant levels in many solid tumors.
  • TBK1 is required to support oncogenic Ras transformation, and TBK1 kinase activity is elevated in transformed cells and required for their survival in culture.
  • TBK1 and NF-kB signalling are essential in KRAS mutant tumors. They have identified TBK1 as a synthetic lethal partner of oncogenic KRAS. Lit.:
  • the compounds according to the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are administered for the treatment of cancer, including solid carcinomas, such as, for example, carcinomas (for example of the lungs, pancreas, thyroid, bladder or colon), myeloid diseases (for example myeloid leukaemia) or adenomas (for example villous colon adenoma).
  • solid carcinomas such as, for example, carcinomas (for example of the lungs, pancreas, thyroid, bladder or colon), myeloid diseases (for example myeloid leukaemia) or adenomas (for example villous colon adenoma).
  • tumours furthermore include monocytic leukaemia, brain, urogenital, lymphatic system, stomach, laryngeal and lung carcinoma, including lung adenocarcinoma and small-cell lung carcinoma, pancreatic and/or breast carcinoma.
  • the compounds are furthermore suitable for the treatment of immune deficiency induced by HIV-1 (Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 ).
  • Cancer-like hyperproliferative diseases are to be regarded as brain cancer, lung cancer, squamous epithelial cancer, bladder cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, renal cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, head cancer, neck cancer, oesophageal cancer, gynaecological cancer, thyroid cancer, lymphomas, chronic leukaemia and acute leukaemia.
  • cancer-like cell growth is a disease which represents a target of the present invention.
  • the present invention therefore relates to compounds according to the invention as medicaments and/or medicament active ingredients in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of the said diseases and to the use of compounds according to the invention for the preparation of a pharmaceutical for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of the said diseases and to a process for the treatment of the said diseases comprising the administration of one or more compounds according to the invention to a patient in need of such an
  • the compounds according to the invention are administered to a patient having a hyperproliferative disease, for example to inhibit tumour growth, to reduce inflammation associated with a lymphoproliferative disease, to inhibit transplant rejection or neurological damage due to tissue repair, etc.
  • the present compounds are suitable for prophylactic or therapeutic purposes.
  • the term "treatment” is used to refer to both the prevention of diseases and the treatment of pre-existing conditions.
  • the prevention of proliferation/vitality is achieved by administration of the compounds according to the invention prior to the development of overt disease, for example for preventing tumour growth.
  • the compounds are used for the treatment of ongoing diseases by stabilising or improving the clinical symptoms of the patient.
  • the host or patient can belong to any mammalian species, for example a primate species, particularly humans; rodents, including mice, rats and hamsters; rabbits; horses, cows, dogs, cats, etc. Animal models are of interest for experimental investigations, providing a model for treatment of a human disease.
  • the susceptibility of a particular cell to treatment with the compounds according to the invention can be determined by in vitro testing. Typically, a culture of the cell is incubated with a compound according to the invention at various concentrations for a period of time which is sufficient to allow the active agents to induce cell death or to inhibit cell proliferation, cell vitality or migration, usually between about one hour and one week. In vitro testing can be carried out using cultivated cells from a biopsy sample. The amount of cells remaining after the treatment are then determined.
  • the dose varies depending on the specific compound used, the specific disease, the patient status, etc.
  • a therapeutic dose is typically sufficient considerably to reduce the undesired cell population in the target tissue, while the viability of the patient is maintained.
  • the treatment is generally continued until a considerable reduction has occurred, for example an at least about 50% reduction in the cell burden, and may be continued until essentially no more undesired cells are detected in the body.
  • the conditions of interest include, but are not limited to, the following.
  • the compounds according to the invention are suitable for the treatment of various conditions where there is proliferation and/or migration of smooth muscle cells and/or inflammatory cells into the intimal layer of a vessel, resulting in restricted blood flow through that vessel, for example in the case of neointimal occlusive lesions.
  • Occlusive graft vascular diseases of interest include atherosclerosis, coronary vascular disease after grafting, vein graft stenosis, perianastomatic prosthetic restenosis, restenosis after angioplasty or stent placement, and the like.
  • the compounds according to the invention can be used to achieve additive or synergistic effects in certain existing cancer chemotherapies and radiotherapies and/or to restore the efficacy of certain existing cancer chemotherapies and radiotherapies.
  • the term "method" refers to manners, means, techniques and procedures for accomplishing a given task including, but not limited to, those manners, means, techniques and procedures either known to, or readily developed from known manners, means, techniques and procedures by practitioners of the chemical, pharmacological, biological, biochemical and medical arts.
  • administering refers to a method for bringing a compound of the present invention and a target kinase together in such a manner that the compound can affect the enzyme activity of the kinase either directly; i.e., by interacting with the kinase itself or indirectly; i.e., by interacting with another molecule on which the catalytic activity of the kinase is dependent.
  • administering refers to a method for bringing a compound of the present invention and a target kinase together in such a manner that the compound can affect the enzyme activity of the kinase either directly; i.e., by interacting with the kinase itself or indirectly; i.e., by interacting with another molecule on which the catalytic activity of the kinase is dependent.
  • administration can be accomplished either in vitro, i.e. in a test tube, or in vivo, i.e., in cells or tissues of a living organism.
  • treating includes abrogating, substantially inhibiting, slowing or reversing the progression of a disease or disorder, substantially ameliorating clinical symptoms of a disease or disorder or substantially preventing the appearance of clinical symptoms of a disease or disorder.
  • preventing refers to a method for barring an organism from acquiring a disorder or disease in the first place.
  • a therapeutically effective amount can be estimated initially from cell culture assays.
  • a dose can be formulated in animal models to achieve a circulating concentration range that includes the IC50 or the IC100 as determined in cell culture. Such information can be used to more accurately determine useful doses in humans.
  • Initial dosages can also be estimated from in vivo data. Using these initial guidelines one of ordinary skill in the art could determine an effective dosage in humans.
  • toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of the compounds described herein can be determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures in cell cultures or experimental animals, e.g., by determining the LD50 and the ED50.
  • the dose ratio between toxic and therapeutic effect is the therapeutic index and can be expressed as the ratio between LD50 and ED50.
  • Compounds which exhibit high therapeutic indices are preferred.
  • the data obtained from these cell cultures assays and animal studies can be used in formulating a dosage range that is not toxic for use in human.
  • the dosage of such compounds lies preferably within a range of circulating concentrations that include the ED50 with little or no toxicity. The dosage may vary within this range depending upon the dosage form employed and the route of administration utilized.
  • Dosage amount and interval may be adjusted individually to provide plasma levels of the active compound which are sufficient to maintain therapeutic effect.
  • Usual patient dosages for oral administration range from about 50-2000 mg/kg/day, commonly from about 100-1000 mg/kg/day, preferably from about 150-700 mg/kg/day and most preferably from about 250-500 mg/kg/day.
  • therapeutically effective serum levels will be achieved by administering multiple doses each day.
  • the effective local concentration of the drug may not be related to plasma concentration.
  • One skilled in the art will be able to optimize therapeutically effective local dosages without undue experimentation.
  • cancers such as, but not limited to, papilloma, blastoglioma, Kaposi's sarcoma, melanoma, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, astrocytoma, head cancer, neck cancer, skin cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, uterus cancer, prostate cancer, testis carcinoma, colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease and Burkitt's disease.
  • cancer such as, but not limited to, papilloma, blastoglioma, Kaposi's sarcoma, melanoma, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, astrocytoma, head cancer, neck cancer, skin cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, uterus cancer, prostate cancer, testis carcinoma, colorectal cancer,
  • Pyrrolopyrimidines have been describes as ⁇ and TBK1 inhibitors in WO
  • Pyrimidine derivatives have been describes as ⁇ and TBK1 inhibitors in WO 2009/030890.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the formula I
  • X denotes CH or N
  • R denotes Ar or Het
  • R 1 denotes furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzimidazolyl, indazolyl, quinolyl, 1 ,3-benzodioxolyl, benzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl, imidazopyridyl or furo[3,2-b]pyridyl, each of which is unsubstituted or mono- or disubstituted by Hal, A, OR 5 , CN, COOA, COOH, CON(R 5 ) 2 and/or NR 5 COA', Ar denotes phenyl, biphenyl or naphtyl, each of which is unsubstituted or mono-, di- or trisubsti
  • Het denotes furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiadiazole, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzimidazolyl, indazolyl, quinolyl, 1 ,3- benzodioxolyl, benzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl or imidazopyridyl, each of which is unsubstituted or mono-, di- or trisubstituted by A, COA,
  • Het 1 denotes furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiadiazole, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, each of which is unsubstituted or mono-, di- or trisubstituted by A, OH, OA, Hal, CN and/or (CH 2 ) p COOR 5 ,
  • Het 2 denotes dihydropyrrolyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydroimidazolyl,
  • A' denotes unbranched or branched alkyl having 1 -6 C atoms, in which 1 -7
  • H atoms may be replaced by F
  • A denotes unbranched or branched alkyl having 1 -10 C atoms, in which one or two non-adjacent CH and/or CH 2 groups may be replaced by N,
  • R 5 denotes H or unbranched or branched alkyl having 1 -6 C atoms, in which
  • Hal denotes F, CI, Br or I
  • n denotes 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4
  • p denotes 0, 1 or 2
  • q denotes 1 , 2, 3 or 4,
  • the invention also relates to the optically active forms (stereoisomers), salts, the enantiomers, the racemates, the diastereomers and the hydrates and solvates of these compounds.
  • solvates of the compounds is taken to mean adductions of inert solvent molecules onto the compounds which form owing to their mutual attractive force. Solvates are, for example, mono- or dihydrates or alkoxides.
  • the invention also relates to the solvates of the salts.
  • pharmaceutically usable derivatives is taken to mean, for example, the salts of the compounds according to the invention and also so-called prodrug compounds.
  • prodrug derivatives is taken to mean compounds of the formula I which have been modified by means of, for example, alkyl or acyl groups, sugars or oligopeptides and which are rapidly cleaved in the organism to form the effective compounds according to the invention.
  • biodegradable polymer derivatives of the compounds according to the invention as described, for example, in Int. J. Pharm. 1J5, 61 -67 (1995).
  • an effective amount denotes the amount of a medicament or of a pharmaceutical active ingredient which causes in a tissue, system, animal or human a biological or medical response which is sought or desired, for example, by a researcher or physician.
  • terapéuticaally effective amount denotes an amount which, compared with a corresponding subject who has not received this amount, has the following consequence:
  • therapeutically effective amount also encompasses the amounts which are effective for increasing normal physiological function.
  • the invention also relates to the use of mixtures of the compounds of the formula I, for example mixtures of two diastereomers, for example in the ratio 1 :1 , 1 :2, 1 :3, 1 :4, 1 :5, 1 :1 0, 1 :100 or 1 :1000.
  • the invention relates to the compounds of the formula I and salts thereof and to a process for the preparation of compounds of the formula I according to Claims 1 -1 2 and pharmaceutically usable salts, tautomers and stereoisomers thereof, characterised in that a) a compound of the formula II
  • L denotes a boronic acid or a boronic acid ester group, or a compound of the formula IV
  • L 1 denotes CI, Br, I or a free or reactively functionally modified OH group, is reacted with a compound of the formula V
  • A denotes alkyl, is unbranched (linear) or branched, and has 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 C atoms.
  • A preferably denotes methyl, furthermore ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl, furthermore also pentyl, 1 -, 2- or 3-methylbutyl, 1 ,1 - , 1 ,2- or 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1 -ethylpropyl, hexyl, 1 - , 2- , 3- or 4-methylpentyl, 1 , 1 - , 1 ,2- , 1 ,3- , 2,2- , 2,3- or 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1 - or 2-ethylbutyl, 1 -ethyl- 1 -methylpropyl, 1 -ethyl-2-methylpropyl, 1
  • A thus also denotes, for example, 2-methoxyethyl.
  • A denotes unbranched or branched alkyl having 1 -6 C atoms, in which one or two non-adjacent CH and/or CH 2 groups may be replaced by N and/or O atoms and/or in addition 1 -7 H atoms may be replaced by F.
  • A' denotes alkyl, is unbranched (linear) or branched, and has 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 C atoms.
  • A preferably denotes methyl, furthermore ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl, furthermore also pentyl, 1 -, 2- or 3-methylbutyl, 1 ,1 - , 1 ,2- or 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1 -ethylpropyl, hexyl, 1 - , 2- , 3- or 4-methylpentyl, 1 , 1 - , 1 ,2- , 1 ,3- , 2,2- , 2,3- or 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1 - or 2-ethylbutyl, 1 -ethyl-1 -methylpropyl, 1 -ethyl-2-methylpropyl, 1 ,1 ,
  • A' preferably denotes alkyl having 1 , 2, 3 or 4 C atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl or trifluoromethyl.
  • Ar denotes, for example, phenyl, o-, m- or p-tolyl, o-, m- or p-ethylphenyl, o-, m- or p-propylphenyl, o-, m- or p-isopropylphenyl, o-, m- or p-tert-butylphenyl, o-, m- or p-trifluoromethylphenyl, o-, m- or p-fluorophenyl, o-, m- or p-bromophenyl, o-, m- or p-chlorophenyl, o-, m- or p-hydroxyphenyl, o-, m- or p-methoxyphenyl, o-, m- or p-methylsulfonylphenyl, o-, m- or p-nitrophenyl, o
  • Ar particularly preferably denotes phenyl, biphenyl or naphtyl, each of which is unsubstituted or mono-, di- or trisubstituted by A, Hal, Het 1 , COR 5 , CON(R 5 ) 2 ,
  • Het preferably denotes thienyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, each of which is unsubstituted or mono- or disubstituted by A, (CH 2 ) p Het 2 , (CH 2 ) p CON(R 5 ) 2 and/or (CH 2 ) p phenyl.
  • Het 1 preferably denotes pyrazolyl or imidazolyl, each of which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted by A.
  • Het 2 preferably denotes pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, [1 ,3]dioxolanyl, piperazinyl, each of which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted by OH and/or A.
  • R 1 preferably denotes pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl or furo[3,2-b]pyridyl, each of which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted by Hal, A, OR 5 , COOA, COOH, CON(R 5 ) 2 and/or NR 5 COA'.
  • R 5 preferably denotes H, alkyl having 1 , 2, 3 or 4 C atoms, more preferably H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl or trifluoromethyl.
  • Hal preferably denotes F, CI or Br, but also I, particularly preferably F or CI.
  • radicals which occur more than once may be identical or different, i.e. are independent of one another.
  • the compounds of the formula I may have one or more chiral centres and can therefore occur in various stereoisomeric forms.
  • the formula I encompasses all these forms. Accordingly, the invention relates, in particular, to the compounds of the formula I in which at least one of the said radicals has one of the preferred meanings indicated above.
  • Some preferred groups of compounds may be expressed by the following sub- formulae la to Ig, which conform to the formula I and in which the radicals not designated in greater detail have the meaning indicated for the formula I, but in which denotes pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl or furo[3,2-b]pyridyl, each of which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted by Hal, A, OR 5 , COOA, COOH, CON(R 5 ) 2 and/or NR 5 COA'; denotes phenyl, biphenyl or naphtyl, each of which is
  • pyridyl denotes pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl or furo[3,2-b]pyridyl, each of which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted by Hal, A, OR 5 , COOA, COOH, CON(R 5 ) 2 and/or NR 5 COA',
  • the compounds of the formula I and also the starting materials for their preparation are, in addition, prepared by methods known per se, as described in the literature (for example in the standard works, such as Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry], Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart), to be precise under reaction conditions which are known and suitable for the said reactions. Use can also be made here of variants known per se which are not mentioned here in greater detail.
  • reaction is carried out under standard conditions known as Suzuki reaction to the skilled artisan.
  • L preferably denotes
  • the reaction time is between a few minutes and 14 days
  • the reaction temperature is between about -30° and 140°, normally between 0° and 1 1 0°, in particular between about 60° and about 1 10°.
  • suitable inert solvents are hydrocarbons, such as hexane, petroleum ether, benzene, toluene or xylene; chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as
  • compounds of the formula I can preferably be obtained by reacting a compound of the formula IV with a compound of the formula V.
  • L 1 preferably denotes CI, Br, I or a free or reactively modified OH group, such as, for example, an activated ester, an imidazolide or alkylsulfonyloxy having 1 -6 C atoms (preferably methylsulfonyloxy or trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy) or arylsulfonyloxy having 6-10 C atoms (preferably phenyl- or p-tolylsulfonyloxy).
  • an activated ester an imidazolide or alkylsulfonyloxy having 1 -6 C atoms (preferably methylsulfonyloxy or trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy) or arylsulfonyloxy having 6-10 C atoms (preferably phenyl- or p-tolylsulfonyloxy).
  • the reaction is generally carried out in the presence of an acid-binding agent, preferably an organic base, such as DIPEA, triethylamine, dimethylaniline, pyridine or quinoline.
  • an acid-binding agent preferably an organic base, such as DIPEA, triethylamine, dimethylaniline, pyridine or quinoline.
  • alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate or another salt of a weak acid of the alkali or alkaline earth metals preferably of potassium, sodium, calcium or caesium
  • a weak acid of the alkali or alkaline earth metals preferably of potassium, sodium, calcium or caesium
  • the reaction time is between a few minutes and 14 days
  • the reaction temperature is between about -30° and 140°, normally between -10° and 90°, in particular between about 0° and about 70°.
  • suitable inert solvents are hydrocarbons, such as hexane, petroleum ether, benzene, toluene or xylene; chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as
  • glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol
  • monomethyl or monoethyl ether ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme); ketones, such as acetone or butanone; amides, such as acetamide, dimethylacetamide or dimethylformamide (DMF); nitriles, such as acetonitrile; sulfoxides, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); carbon disulfide; carboxylic acids, such as formic acid or acetic acid; nitro compounds, such as nitromethane or nitrobenzene; esters, such as ethyl acetate, or mixtures of the said solvents.
  • ketones such as acetone or butanone
  • amides such as acetamide, dimethylacetamide or dimethylformamide (DMF)
  • nitriles such as acetonitrile
  • sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
  • carbon disulfide carboxylic acids, such as formic acid or acetic acid
  • cleavage of an ether is carried out by methods as are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • a standard method of ether cleavage for example of a methyl ether, is the use of boron tribromide.
  • Hydrogenolytically removable groups for example the cleavage of a benzyl ether, can be cleaved off, for example, by treatment with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst (for example a noble-metal catalyst, such as palladium, advantageously on a support, such as carbon).
  • a catalyst for example a noble-metal catalyst, such as palladium, advantageously on a support, such as carbon.
  • Suitable solvents are those indicated above, in particular, for example, alcohols, such as methanol or ethanol, or amides, such as DMF.
  • the hydrogenolysis is generally carried out at temperatures between about 0 and 100° and pressures between about 1 and 200 bar, preferably at 20-30° and 1 -10 bar.
  • Esters can be saponified, for example, using acetic acid or using NaOH or KOH in water, water/THF or water/dioxane, at temperatures between 0 and 100°.
  • Alkylations on the nitrogen are carried out under standard conditions, as are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the compounds of the formulae I can furthermore be obtained by liberating them from their functional derivatives by solvolysis, in particular hydrolysis, or by hydrogenolysis.
  • Preferred starting materials for the solvolysis or hydrogenolysis are those which contain corresponding protected amino and/or hydroxyl groups instead of one or more free amino and/or hydroxyl groups, preferably those which carry an amino-protecting group instead of an H atom bonded to an N atom, for example those which conform to the formula I, but contain an NHR' group (in which FT denotes an amino-protecting group, for example BOC or CBZ) instead of an NH 2 group.
  • amino-protecting group is known in general terms and relates to groups which are suitable for protecting (blocking) an amino group against chemical reactions, but are easy to remove after the desired chemical reaction has been carried out elsewhere in the molecule. Typical of such groups are, in particular, unsubstituted or substituted acyl, aryl, aralkoxymethyl or aralkyl groups. Since the amino-protecting groups are removed after the desired reaction (or reaction sequence), their type and size is furthermore not crucial; however, preference is given to those having 1 -20, in particular 1 -8, C atoms.
  • acyl group is to be understood in the broadest sense in connection with the present process.
  • acyl groups derived from aliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic carboxylic acids or sulfonic acids, and, in particular, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl and especially aralkoxycarbonyl groups.
  • acyl groups are alkanoyl, such as acetyl, propionyl, butyryl; aralkanoyl, such as phenylacetyl; aroyl, such as benzoyl, tolyl; aryloxyalkanoyl, such as POA; alkoxycarbonyl, such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, 2,2,2-tri- chloroethoxycarbonyl, BOC, 2-iodoethoxycarbonyl; aralkoxycarbonyl, such as CBZ ("carbobenzoxy”), 4-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, FMOC; arylsulfonyl, such as Mtr, Pbf, Pmc.
  • Preferred amino-protecting groups are BOC and Mtr, furthermore CBZ, Fmoc, benzyl and acetyl.
  • hydroxyl-protecting group is likewise known in general terms and relates to groups which are suitable for protecting a hydroxyl group against chemical reactions, but are easy to remove after the desired chemical reaction has been carried out elsewhere in the molecule. Typical of such groups are the above-mentioned unsubstituted or substituted aryl, aralkyl or acyl groups, furthermore also alkyl groups.
  • the nature and size of the hydroxyl-protecting groups is not crucial since they are removed again after the desired chemical reaction or reaction sequence; preference is given to groups having 1 -20, in particular 1 -10, C atoms.
  • hydroxyl- protecting groups are, inter alia, tert-butoxycarbonyl, benzyl, p-nitrobenzoyl, p-toluenesulfonyl, tert-butyl and acetyl, where benzyl and tert-butyl are particularly preferred.
  • the COOH groups in aspartic acid and glutamic acid are preferably protected in the form of their tert-butyl esters (for example Asp(OBut)).
  • the compounds of the formula I are liberated from their functional derivatives - depending on the protecting group used - for example using strong acids,
  • TFA or perchloric acid advantageously using TFA or perchloric acid, but also using other strong inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, strong organic carboxylic acids, such as trichloroacetic acid, or sulfonic acids, such as benzene- or p-toluenesulfonic acid.
  • strong inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid
  • strong organic carboxylic acids such as trichloroacetic acid
  • sulfonic acids such as benzene- or p-toluenesulfonic acid.
  • the presence of an additional inert solvent is possible, but is not always necessary.
  • Suitable inert solvents are preferably organic, for example carboxylic acids, such as acetic acid, ethers, such as tetrahydrofuran or dioxane, amides, such as DMF, halo- genated hydrocarbons, such as dichloromethane, furthermore also alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol, and water. Mixtures of the above-mentioned solvents are furthermore suitable. TFA is preferably used in excess without addition of a further solvent, perchloric acid is preferably used in the form of a mixture of acetic acid and 70% perchloric acid in the ratio 9:1 .
  • the reaction temperatures for the cleavage are advantageously between about 0 and about 50° preferably between 15 and 30° (room temperature).
  • the BOC, OBut, Pbf, Pmc and Mtr groups can, for example, preferably be cleaved off using TFA in dichloromethane or using approximately 3 to 5 N HCI in dioxane at 15- 30°, the FMOC group can be cleaved off using an approximately 5 to 50% solution of dimethylamine, diethylamine or piperidine in DMF at 15-30°.
  • Hydrogenolytically removable protecting groups for example CBZ or benzyl
  • a catalyst for example a noble-metal catalyst, such as palladium, advantageously on a support, such as carbon.
  • Suitable solvents are those indicated above, in particular, for example, alcohols, such as methanol or ethanol, or amides, such as DMF.
  • the hydrogenolysis is generally carried out at temperatures between about 0 and 100° and pressures between about 1 and 200 bar, preferably at 20-30° and 1 -10 bar. Hydrogenolysis of the CBZ group succeeds well, for example, on 5 to 10% Pd/C in methanol or using ammonium formate (instead of hydrogen) on Pd/C in methanol/DMF at 20- 30°.
  • the said compounds according to the invention can be used in their final non-salt form.
  • the present invention also encompasses the use of these compounds in the form of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, which can be derived from various organic and inorganic acids and bases by procedures known in the art.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms of the compounds of the formula I are for the most part prepared by conventional methods. If the compound of the formula I contains a carboxyl group, one of its suitable salts can be formed by reacting the compound with a suitable base to give the corresponding base-addition salt.
  • Such bases are, for example, alkali metal hydroxides, including potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide; alkaline-earth metal hydroxides, such as barium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide; alkali metal alkoxides, for example potassium ethoxide and sodium propoxide; and various organic bases, such as piperidine, diethanolamine and N-methylglutamine.
  • alkali metal hydroxides including potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide
  • alkaline-earth metal hydroxides such as barium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide
  • alkali metal alkoxides for example potassium ethoxide and sodium propoxide
  • organic bases such as piperidine, diethanolamine and N-methylglutamine.
  • the aluminium salts of the compounds of the formula I are likewise included.
  • acid- addition salts can be formed by treating these compounds with pharmaceutically acceptable organic and inorganic acids, for example hydrogen halides, such as hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide or hydrogen iodide, other mineral acids and corresponding salts thereof, such as sulfate, nitrate or phosphate and the like, and alkyl- and monoarylsulfonates, such as ethanesulfonate, toluenesulfonate and benzenesulfonate, and other organic acids and corresponding salts thereof, such as acetate, trifluoroacetate, tartrate, maleate, succinate, citrate, benzoate, salicylate, ascorbate and the like.
  • organic and inorganic acids for example hydrogen halides, such as hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide or hydrogen iodide, other mineral acids and corresponding salts thereof, such as sulfate, nitrate or phosphate and the like, and alkyl- and monoarylsulfon
  • pharmaceutically acceptable acid-addition salts of the compounds of the formula I include the following: acetate, adipate, alginate, arginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate (besylate), bisulfate, bisulfite, bromide, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, caprylate, chloride,
  • the base salts of the compounds according to the invention include aluminium, ammonium, calcium, copper, iron(lll), iron(ll), lithium, magnesium, manganese(ll l), manganese(l l), potassium, sodium and zinc salts, but this is not intended to represent a restriction.
  • Salts of the compounds of the formula I which are derived from pharmaceutically acceptable organic non-toxic bases include salts of primary, secondary and tertiary amines, substituted amines, also including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines, and basic ion exchanger resins, for example arginine, betaine, caffeine, chloroprocaine, choline, N,N'-dibenzylethylen- ediamine (benzathine), dicyclohexylamine, diethanolamine, diethylamine, 2-diethyl- aminoethanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine,
  • Compounds of the present invention which contain basic nitrogen-containing groups can be quaternised using agents such as (d-C 4 )alkyl halides, for example methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and tert-butyl chloride, bromide and iodide; di(C C )alkyl sulfates, for example dimethyl, diethyl and diamyl sulfate; (Ci 0 -Ci 8 )alkyl halides, for example decyl, dodecyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chloride, bromide and iodide; and aryl(C C 4 )alkyl halides, for example benzyl chloride and phenethyl bromide. Both water- and oil-soluble compounds according to the invention can be prepared using such salts.
  • the above-mentioned pharmaceutical salts which are preferred include acetate, trifluoroacetate, besylate, citrate, fumarate, gluconate, hemisuccinate, hippurate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, isethionate, mandelate, meglumine, nitrate, oleate, phosphonate, pivalate, sodium phosphate, stearate, sulfate, subsalicylate, tartrate, thiomalate, tosylate and tromethamine, but this is not intended to represent a restriction.
  • the acid-addition salts of basic compounds of the formula I are prepared by bringing the free base form into contact with a sufficient amount of the desired acid, causing the formation of the salt in a conventional manner.
  • the free base can be regenerated by bringing the salt form into contact with a base and isolating the free base in a conventional manner.
  • the free base forms differ in a certain respect from the corresponding salt forms thereof with respect to certain physical properties, such as solubility in polar solvents; for the purposes of the invention, however, the salts otherwise correspond to the respective free base forms thereof.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable base-addition salts of the compounds of the formula I are formed with metals or amines, such as alkali metals and alkaline- earth metals or organic amines.
  • metals are sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium.
  • Preferred organic amines are N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine,
  • chloroprocaine choline, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, N-methyl-D-glucamine and procaine.
  • the base-addition salts of acidic compounds according to the invention are prepared by bringing the free acid form into contact with a sufficient amount of the desired base, causing the formation of the salt in a conventional manner.
  • the free acid can be regenerated by bringing the salt form into contact with an acid and isolating the free acid in a conventional manner.
  • the free acid forms differ in a certain respect from the corresponding salt forms thereof with respect to certain physical properties, such as solubility in polar solvents; for the purposes of the invention, however, the salts otherwise correspond to the respective free acid forms thereof.
  • a compound according to the invention contains more than one group which is capable of forming pharmaceutically acceptable salts of this type, the invention also encompasses multiple salts.
  • Typical multiple salt forms include, for example, bitartrate, diacetate, difumarate, dimeglumine, diphosphate, disodium and trihydrochloride, but this is not intended to represent a restriction.
  • the expression "pharmaceutically acceptable salt” in the present connection is taken to mean an active ingredient which comprises a compound of the formula I in the form of one of its salts, in particular if this salt form imparts improved pharmacokinetic properties on the active ingredient compared with the free form of the active ingredient or any other salt form of the active ingredient used earlier.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salt form of the active ingredient can also provide this active ingredient for the first time with a desired phar- macokinetic property which it did not have earlier and can even have a positive influence on the pharmacodynamics of this active ingredient with respect to its therapeutic efficacy in the body.
  • a compound of the formula I includes isotope-labelled forms thereof.
  • An isotope-labelled form of a compound of the formula I is identical to this compound apart from the fact that one or more atoms of the compound have been replaced by an atom or atoms having an atomic mass or mass number which differs from the atomic mass or mass number of the atom which usually occurs naturally.
  • Exam-pies of isotopes which are readily
  • isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phos-phorus, fluo-rine and chlorine for example 2 H, 3 H, 13 C, 1 C, 15 N, 18 0, 17 0, 31 P, 32 P, 35 S, 18 F and 36 CI, respectively.
  • a compound of the formula I, a prodrug, thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of either which contains one or more of the above-mentioned isotopes and/or other iso-topes of other atoms is intended to be part of the present invention.
  • An isotope-labelled compound of the formula I can be used in a number of beneficial ways.
  • an isotope- labelled compound of the formula I into which, for example, a radioisotope, such as 3 H or 1 C, has been incorporated is suitable for medicament and/or substrate tissue distribution assays.
  • a radioisotope such as 3 H or 1 C
  • These radioisotopes i.e. tritium ( 3 H) and carbon-14 ( 1 C), are particularly preferred owing to simple preparation and excellent detectability.
  • Incor-po-ra-tion of heavier isotopes, for example deuterium ( 2 H), into a compound of the formula I has therapeutic advantages owing to the higher metabolic stability of this isotope-labelled compound. Higher metabolic stability translates directly into an increased in vivo half-life or lower dosages, which under most circumstances would represent a preferred embodi-ment of the present invention.
  • An isotope- labelled compound of the formula I can usually be prepared by carrying out the procedures dis-closed in the synthesis schemes and the related description, in the example part and in the preparation part in the present text, replacing a non- isotope-labelled reactant by a readily available isotope-labelled reactant.
  • Deuterium ( 2 H) can also be incorporated into a compound of the formula I for the purpose in order to manipulate the oxidative metabolism of the compound by way of the primary kinetic isotope effect.
  • the primary kinetic isotope effect is a change of the rate for a chemical reaction that results from exchange of isotopic nuclei, which in turn is caused by the change in ground state energies necessary for covalent bond formation after this isotopic exchange.
  • Exchange of a heavier isotope usually results in a lowering of the ground state energy for a chemical bond and thus cause a reduction in the rate in rate-limiting bond breakage. If the bond breakage occurs in or in the vicinity of a saddle-point region along the coordinate of a multi-product reaction, the product distribution ratios can be altered substantially.
  • pharmacokinetic profiles are susceptible to oxidative metabolism.
  • In vitro liver microsomal assays currently available provide valuable information on the course of oxidative metabolism of this type, which in turn permits the rational design of deuterated compounds of the formula I with improved stability through resistance to such oxidative meta-bolism.
  • Significant improvements in the pharmacokinetic profiles of compounds of the formula I are thereby obtained, and can be expressed quantitatively in terms of increases in the in vivo half-life (t/2), concen-tra-tion at maximum therapeutic effect (C max ), area under the dose response curve (AUC), and F; and in terms of reduced clearance, dose and materi-als costs.
  • a compound of the formula I which has multiple potential sites of attack for oxidative metabolism for example benzylic hydrogen atoms and hydrogen atoms bonded to a nitrogen atom, is prepared as a series of analogues in which various combinations of hydrogen atoms are replaced by deuterium atoms, so that some, most or all of these hydrogen atoms have been replaced by deuterium atoms.
  • Half-life determinations enable favourable and accurate determination of the extent of the extent to which the improve-ment in resistance to oxidative metabolism has improved. In this way, it is deter-mined that the half-life of the parent compound can be extended by up to 100% as the result of deuterium-hydrogen exchange of this type.
  • Deuterium-hydrogen exchange in a compound of the formula I can also be used to achieve a favourable modification of the metabolite spectrum of the starting compound in order to diminish or eliminate undesired toxic metabolites.
  • a toxic metabolite arises through oxidative carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bond cleavage
  • C-H oxidative carbon-hydrogen
  • the deuterated analogue will greatly diminish or eliminate production of the unwanted metabolite, even if the particular oxidation is not a rate-determining step.
  • Further information on the state of the art with respect to deuterium-hydrogen exchange may be found, for example in Hanzlik et al., J. Org. Chem. 55, 3992-3997, 1990, Reider et al., J. Org. Chem. 52, 3326- 3334, 1987, Foster, Adv. Drug Res. 14, 1 -40, 1985, Gillette et al, Biochemistry
  • the invention furthermore relates to medicaments comprising at least one compound of the formula I and/or pharmaceutically usable salts, tautomers and stereoisomers thereof, including mixtures thereof in all ratios, and optionally excipients and/or adjuvants.
  • compositions can be administered in the form of dosage units which comprise a predetermined amount of active ingredient per dosage unit.
  • a unit can comprise, for example, 0.5 mg to 1 g, preferably 1 mg to 700 mg, particularly preferably 5 mg to 100 mg, of a compound according to the invention, depending on the condition treated, the method of administration and the age, weight and condition of the patient, or pharmaceutical formulations can be administered in the form of dosage units which comprise a predetermined amount of active ingredient per dosage unit.
  • Preferred dosage unit formulations are those which comprise a daily dose or part- dose, as indicated above, or a corresponding fraction thereof of an active ingredient.
  • pharmaceutical formulations of this type can be prepared using a process which is generally known in the pharmaceutical art.
  • compositions can be adapted for administration via any desired suitable method, for example by oral (including buccal or sublingual), rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal, sublingual or transdermal), vaginal or parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous or intradermal) methods.
  • oral including buccal or sublingual
  • rectal nasal
  • topical including buccal, sublingual or transdermal
  • vaginal or parenteral including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous or intradermal
  • parenteral including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous or intradermal
  • compositions adapted for oral administration can be administered as separate units, such as, for example, capsules or tablets; powders or granules;
  • solutions or suspensions in aqueous or non-aqueous liquids comprising edible foams or foam foods; or oil-in-water liquid emulsions or water-in-oil liquid emulsions.
  • the active-ingredient component in the case of oral administration in the form of a tablet or capsule, can be combined with an oral, non-toxic and pharmaceutically acceptable inert excipient, such as, for example, ethanol, glycerol, water and the like.
  • an oral, non-toxic and pharmaceutically acceptable inert excipient such as, for example, ethanol, glycerol, water and the like.
  • Powders are prepared by comminuting the compound to a suitable fine size and mixing it with a pharmaceutical excipient comminuted in a similar manner, such as, for example, an edible carbohydrate, such as, for example, starch or mannitol.
  • a flavour, preservative, dispersant and dye may likewise be present.
  • Capsules are produced by preparing a powder mixture as described above and filling shaped gelatine shells therewith.
  • Glidants and lubricants such as, for example, highly disperse silicic acid, talc, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate or polyethylene glycol in solid form, can be added to the powder mixture before the filling operation.
  • a disintegrant or solubiliser such as, for example, agar-agar, calcium carbonate or sodium carbonate, can likewise be added in order to improve the availability of the medicament after the capsule has been taken.
  • suitable binders include starch, gelatine, natural sugars, such as, for example, glucose or beta-lactose, sweeteners made from maize, natural and synthetic rubber, such as, for example, acacia, tragacanth or sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, waxes, and the like.
  • the lubricants used in these dosage forms include sodium oleate, sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride and the like.
  • the disintegrants include, without being restricted thereto, starch, methylcellulose, agar, bentonite, xanthan gum and the like.
  • the tablets are formulated by, for example, preparing a powder mixture, granulating or dry-pressing the mixture, adding a lubricant and a disintegrant and pressing the entire mixture to give tablets.
  • a powder mixture is prepared by mixing the compound comminuted in a suitable manner with a diluent or a base, as described above, and optionally with a binder, such as, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, an alginate, gelatine or polyvinylpyrrolidone, a dissolution retardant, such as, for example, paraffin, an absorption accelerator, such as, for example, a quaternary salt, and/or an absorbant, such as, for example, bentonite, kaolin or dicalcium phosphate.
  • a binder such as, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, an alginate, gelatine or polyvinylpyrrolidone
  • a dissolution retardant such as, for example, paraffin
  • an absorption accelerator such as, for example, a quaternary salt
  • an absorbant such as, for example, bentonite, kaolin or dicalcium phosphate.
  • the powder mixture can be granulated by wetting it with a binder, such as, for example, syrup, starch paste, acadia mucilage or solutions of cellulose or polymer materials and pressing it through a sieve.
  • a binder such as, for example, syrup, starch paste, acadia mucilage or solutions of cellulose or polymer materials
  • the powder mixture can be run through a tableting machine, giving lumps of non-uniform shape, which are broken up to form granules.
  • the granules can be lubricated by addition of stearic acid, a stearate salt, talc or mineral oil in order to prevent sticking to the tablet casting moulds. The lubricated mixture is then pressed to give tablets.
  • the compounds according to the invention can also be combined with a free-flowing inert excipient and then pressed directly to give tablets without carrying out the granulation or dry-pressing steps.
  • a transparent or opaque protective layer consisting of a shellac sealing layer, a layer of sugar or polymer material and a gloss layer of wax may be present. Dyes can be added to these coatings in order to be able to differentiate between different dosage units.
  • Oral liquids such as, for example, solution, syrups and elixirs, can be prepared in the form of dosage units so that a given quantity comprises a pre-specified amount of the compound.
  • Syrups can be prepared by dissolving the compound in an aqueous solution with a suitable flavour, while elixirs are prepared using a non-toxic alcoholic vehicle.
  • Suspensions can be formulated by dispersion of the compound in a non-toxic vehicle.
  • Solubilisers and emulsifiers such as, for example, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols and polyoxyethylene sorbitol ethers, preservatives, flavour additives, such as, for example, peppermint oil or natural sweeteners or saccharin, or other artificial sweeteners and the like, can likewise be added.
  • the dosage unit formulations for oral administration can, if desired, be encapsulated in microcapsules.
  • the formulation can also be prepared in such a way that the release is extended or retarded, such as, for example, by coating or embedding of particulate material in polymers, wax and the like.
  • the compounds of the formula I and the pharmaceutically usable salts, tautomers and stereoisomers thereof can also be administered in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as, for example, small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles and multilamellar vesicles.
  • liposomes can be formed from various phospholipids, such as, for example, cholesterol, stearylamine or phosphatidylcholines.
  • the compounds of the formula I and the pharmaceutically usable salts, tautomers and stereoisomers thereof can also be delivered using monoclonal antibodies as individual carriers to which the compound molecules are coupled.
  • the compounds can also be coupled to soluble polymers as targeted medicament carriers.
  • Such polymers may encompass polyvinylpyrrolidone, pyran copolymer, polyhydroxypropylmethacrylamido- phenol, polyhydroxyethylaspartamidophenol or polyethylene oxide polylysine, substituted by palmitoyl radicals.
  • the compounds may furthermore be coupled to a class of biodegradable polymers which are suitable for achieving controlled release of a medicament, for example polylactic acid, poly-epsilon-caprolactone, polyhydroxybutyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydroxypyrans, polycyanoacrylates and crosslinked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels.
  • a class of biodegradable polymers which are suitable for achieving controlled release of a medicament, for example polylactic acid, poly-epsilon-caprolactone, polyhydroxybutyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydroxypyrans, polycyanoacrylates and crosslinked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels.
  • compositions adapted for transdermal administration can be
  • the active ingredient can be delivered from the plaster by iontophoresis, as described in general terms in Pharmaceutical Research, 3(6), 31 8 (1986).
  • Pharmaceutical compounds adapted for topical administration can be formulated as ointments, creams, suspensions, lotions, powders, solutions, pastes, gels, sprays, aerosols or oils.
  • the formulations are preferably applied as topical ointment or cream.
  • the active ingredient can be employed either with a paraffinic or a water-miscible cream base.
  • the active ingredient can be formulated to give a cream with an oil-in-water cream base or a water-in-oil base.
  • compositions adapted for topical application to the eye include eye drops, in which the active ingredient is dissolved or suspended in a suitable carrier, in particular an aqueous solvent.
  • compositions adapted for topical application in the mouth encompass lozenges, pastilles and mouthwashes.
  • compositions adapted for rectal administration can be administered in the form of suppositories or enemas.
  • compositions adapted for nasal administration in which the carrier substance is a solid comprise a coarse powder having a particle size, for example, in the range 20-500 microns, which is administered in the manner in which snuff is taken, i.e. by rapid inhalation via the nasal passages from a container containing the powder held close to the nose.
  • suitable formulations for administration as nasal spray or nose drops with a liquid as carrier substance encompass active-ingredient solutions in water or oil.
  • compositions adapted for administration by inhalation encompass finely particulate dusts or mists, which can be generated by various types of pressurised dispensers with aerosols, nebulisers or insufflators.
  • compositions adapted for vaginal administration can be administered as pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams or spray formulations.
  • compositions adapted for parenteral administration include aqueous and non-aqueous sterile injection solutions comprising antioxidants, buffers, bacteriostatics and solutes, by means of which the formulation is rendered isotonic with the blood of the recipient to be treated; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions, which may comprise suspension media and thickeners.
  • the formulations can be administered in single-dose or multidose containers, for example sealed ampoules and vials, and stored in freeze-dried (lyophilised) state, so that only the addition of the sterile carrier liquid, for example water for injection purposes, immediately before use is necessary.
  • Injection solutions and suspensions prepared in accordance with the recipe can be prepared from sterile powders, granules and tablets.
  • formulations may also comprise other agents usual in the art with respect to the particular type of formulation; thus, for example, formulations which are suitable for oral administration may comprise flavours.
  • a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula I depends on a number of factors, including, for example, the age and weight of the animal, the precise condition that requires treatment, and its severity, the nature of the formulation and the method of administration, and is ultimately determined by the treating doctor or vet.
  • an effective amount of a compound according to the invention for the treatment of neoplastic growth, for example colon or breast carcinoma is generally in the range from 0.1 to 100 mg/kg of body weight of the recipient (mammal) per day and particularly typically in the range from 1 to 10 mg/kg of body weight per day.
  • the actual amount per day for an adult mammal weighing 70 kg is usually between 70 and 700 mg, where this amount can be administered as a single dose per day or usually in a series of part-doses (such as, for example, two, three, four, five or six) per day, so that the total daily dose is the same.
  • An effective amount of a salt or solvate or of a physiologically functional derivative thereof can be determined as the fraction of the effective amount of the compound according to the invention per se. It can be assumed that similar doses are suitable for the treatment of other conditions mentioned above.
  • the invention furthermore relates to medicaments comprising at least one compound of the formula I and/or the pharmaceutically usable salts, tautomers and stereoisomers thereof, including mixtures thereof in all ratios, and at least one further medicament active ingredient.
  • the invention also relates to a set (kit) consisting of separate packs of
  • the set comprises suitable containers, such as boxes, individual bottles, bags or ampoules.
  • the set may, for example, comprise separate ampoules, each containing an effective amount of a compound of the formula I and/or the pharmaceutically usable salts, tautomers and stereoisomers thereof, including mixtures thereof in all ratios, and an effective amount of a further medicament active ingredient in dissolved or lyophilised form.
  • the invention relates to the compounds of formula I for the use for the treatment of cancer, septic shock, Primary open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), hyperplasia, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, artherosclerosis, retinopathy, osteoarthritis, endometriosis, chronic inflammation, and/or neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimers disease.
  • POAG Primary open Angle Glaucoma
  • hyperplasia rheumatoid arthritis
  • psoriasis artherosclerosis
  • retinopathy retinopathy
  • osteoarthritis retinopathy
  • endometriosis chronic inflammation
  • neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimers disease.
  • the invention relates to the use of compounds of formula I for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of cancer, septic shock, Primary open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), hyperplasia, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, artherosclerosis, retinopathy, osteoarthritis, endometriosis, chronic inflammation, and/or neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimers disease.
  • POAG Primary open Angle Glaucoma
  • hyperplasia rheumatoid arthritis
  • psoriasis artherosclerosis
  • retinopathy retinopathy
  • osteoarthritis retinopathy
  • endometriosis chronic inflammation
  • neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimers disease.
  • the invention relates to a method of treating a mammal having a disease
  • septic shock selected from cancer, septic shock, Primary open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), hyperplasia, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, artherosclerosis, retinopathy,
  • POAG Primary open Angle Glaucoma
  • hyperplasia selected from cancer, septic shock, Primary open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), hyperplasia, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, artherosclerosis, retinopathy,
  • the method comprises administering to a mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I.
  • the present compounds are suitable as pharmaceutical active ingredients for mammals, especially for humans, in the treatment and control of cancer diseases and inflammatory diseases.
  • the host or patient can belong to any mammalian species, for example a primate species, particularly humans; rodents, including mice, rats and hamsters; rabbits; horses, cows, dogs, cats, etc. Animal models are of interest for experimental investigations, providing a model for treatment of human disease.
  • the susceptibility of a particular cell to treatment with the compounds according to the invention can be determined by in vitro tests.
  • a culture of the cell is combined with a compound according to the invention at various concentrations for a period of time which is sufficient to allow active agents such as anti IgM to induce a cellular response such as expression of a surface marker, usually between about one hour and one week.
  • In vitro testing can be carried out using cultivated cells from blood or from a biopsy sample. The amount of surface marker expressed are assessed by flow cytometry using specific antibodies recognising the marker.
  • the dose varies depending on the specific compound used, the specific disease, the patient status, etc.
  • a therapeutic dose is typically sufficient considerably to reduce the undesired cell population in the target tissue while the viability of the patient is maintained.
  • the treatment is generally continued until a considerable reduction has occurred, for example an at least about 50% reduction in the cell burden, and may be continued until essentially no more undesired cells are detected in the body.
  • Suitable models or model systems for example cell culture models (for example Khwaja et al., EMBO, 1997, 16, 2783-93) and models of transgenic animals (for example White et al., Oncogene, 2001 , 20, 7064-7072).
  • interacting compounds can be utilised in order to modulate the signal (for example Stephens et al., Biochemical J., 2000, 351 , 95-105).
  • the compounds according to the invention can also be used as reagents for testing kinase-dependent signal transduction pathways in animals and/or cell culture models or in the clinical diseases mentioned in this application.
  • Measurement of the kinase activity is a technique which is well known to the person skilled in the art.
  • Generic test systems for the determination of the kinase activity using substrates for example histone (for example Alessi et al., FEBS Lett. 1996, 399, 3, pages 333-338) or the basic myelin protein, are described in the literature (for example Campos-Gonzalez, R. and Glenney, Jr., J.R. 1992, J. Biol. Chem. 267, page 14535).
  • substrates for example histone (for example Alessi et al., FEBS Lett. 1996, 399, 3, pages 333-338) or the basic myelin protein, are described in the literature (for example Campos-Gonzalez, R. and Glenney, Jr., J.R. 1992, J. Biol. Chem. 267, page 14535).
  • Biomolecular Screening, 2002, 7, 1 1 -19) and flashplate assay the radioactive phosphorylation of a protein or peptide as substrate with ⁇ is measured. In the presence of an inhibitory compound, a decreased radioactive signal, or none at all, is detectable. Furthermore, homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (HTR-FRET) and fluorescence polarisation (FP) technologies are suitable as assay methods (Sills et al., J. of Biomolecular Screening, 2002, 191 -214).
  • HTR-FRET time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer
  • FP fluorescence polarisation
  • phospho-ABs binds only the phosphorylated substrate. This binding can be detected by chemiluminescence using a second peroxidase- conjugated anti-sheep antibody (Ross et al., 2002, Biochem. J.).
  • the present invention encompasses the use of the compounds of the formula I and/or physiologically acceptable salts, tautomers and solvates thereof for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of cancer.
  • Preferred carcinomas for the treatment originate from the group cerebral carcinoma, urogenital tract carcinoma, carcinoma of the lymphatic system, stomach carcinoma, laryngeal carcinoma and lung carcinoma bowel cancer.
  • a further group of preferred forms of cancer are monocytic leukaemia, lung adenocarcinoma, small-cell lung carcinomas, pancreatic cancer, glioblastomas and breast carcinoma.
  • the therapeutic amount varies according to the particular disease and can be determined by the person skilled in the art without undue effort. Particular preference is given to the use for the treatment of a disease, where the cancer disease is a solid tumour.
  • the solid tumour is preferably selected from the group of tumours of the squamous epithelium, the bladder, the stomach, the kidneys, of head and neck, the oesophagus, the cervix, the thyroid, the intestine, the liver, the brain, the prostate, the urogenital tract, the lymphatic system, the stomach, the larynx and/or the lung.
  • the solid tumour is furthermore preferably selected from the group lung
  • adenocarcinoma small-cell lung carcinomas, pancreatic cancer, glioblastomas, colon carcinoma and breast carcinoma.
  • tumour of the blood and immune system Preference is furthermore given to the use for the treatment of a tumour of the blood and immune system, preferably for the treatment of a tumour selected from the group of acute myeloid leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, acute lymphatic leukaemia and/or chronic lymphatic leukaemia.
  • the invention furthermore relates to the use of the compounds according to the invention for the treatment of bone pathologies, where the bone pathology originates from the group osteosarcoma, osteoarthritis and rickets.
  • the compounds of the formula I may also be administered at the same time as other well-known therapeutic agents that are selected for their particular usefulness against the condition that is being treated.
  • the present compounds are also suitable for combination with known anti-cancer agents.
  • known anti-cancer agents include the following: oestrogen receptor modulators, androgen receptor modulators, retinoid receptor modulators, cytotoxic agents, antiproliferative agents, prenyl-protein transferase inhibitors, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, HIV protease inhibitors, reverse transcriptase inhibitors and further angiogenesis inhibitors.
  • the present compounds are particularly suitable for administration at the same time as radiotherapy.
  • "Oestrogen receptor modulators” refers to compounds which interfere with or inhibit the binding of oestrogen to the receptor, regardless of mechanism.
  • oestrogen receptor modulators include, but are not limited to, tamoxifen, raloxifene, idoxifene, LY353381 , LY 1 17081 , toremifene, fulvestrant, 4-[7-(2,2-dimethyl-1 - oxopropoxy-4-methyl-2-[4-[2-(1 - piperidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]-2H-1 -benzopyran-3- yl]phenyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate, 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone-2,4- dinitrophenylhydrazone and SH646.
  • Androgen receptor modulators refers to compounds which interfere with or inhibit the binding of androgens to the receptor, regardless of mechanism.
  • Examples of androgen receptor modulators include finasteride and other 5a-reductase inhibitors, nilutamide, flutamide, bicalutamide, liarozole and abiraterone acetate.
  • Retinoid receptor modulators refers to compounds which interfere with or inhibit the binding of retinoids to the receptor, regardless of mechanism.
  • retinoid receptor modulators include bexarotene, tretinoin, 13-cis-retinoic acid, 9-cis- retinoic acid, a-difluoromethylornithine, ILX23-7553, trans-N-(4'- hydroxyphenyl)retinamide and N-4-carboxyphenylretinamide.
  • Cytotoxic agents refers to compounds which result in cell death primarily through direct action on the cellular function or inhibit or interfere with cell myosis, including alkylating agents, tumour necrosis factors, intercalators, microtubulin inhibitors and topoisomerase inhibitors.
  • cytotoxic agents include, but are not limited to, tirapazimine, sertenef, cachectin, ifosfamide, tasonermin, lonidamine, carboplatin, altretamine, prednimustine, dibromodulcitol, ranimustine, fotemustine, nedaplatin, oxaliplatin, temozolomide, heptaplatin, estramustine, improsulfan tosylate, trofosfamide, nimustine, dibrospidium chloride, pumitepa, lobaplatin, satraplatin, profiromycin, cisplatin, irofulven,
  • dexifosfamide cis-aminedichloro(2-methylpyridine)platinum, benzylguanine, glufosfamide, GPX100, (trans,trans,trans)bis-mu-(hexane-1 ,6-diamine)-mu-[diamine- platinum(ll)]bis[diamine(chloro)platinum(l l)] tetrachloride, diansidinylspermine, arsenic trioxide, 1 -(1 1 -dodecylamino-10-hydroxyundecyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine, zorubicin, idarubicin, daunorubicin, bisantrene, mitoxantrone, pirarubicin, pinafide, valrubicin, amrubicin, antineoplaston, 3'-deamino-3'-morpholino-1 3-deoxo-10- hydroxy
  • microtubulin inhibitors include paclitaxel, vindesine sulfate, 3',4'- didehydro-4'-deoxy-8'-norvincaleukoblastine, docetaxol, rhizoxin, dolastatin, mivobulin isethionate, auristatin, cemadotin, RPR109881 , BMS184476, vinflunine, cryptophycin, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoro-N-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)benzenesulfonamide,
  • Topoisomerase inhibitors are, for example, topotecan, hycaptamine, irinotecan, rubitecan, 6-ethoxypropionyl-3',4'-O-exobenzylidenechartreusin, 9-methoxy-N,N- dimethyl-5-nitropyrazolo[3,4,5-kl]acridine-2-(6H)propanamine, 1 -amino-9-ethyl-5- fluoro-2,3-dihydro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-1 H, 12H- benzo[de]pyrano[3',4':b,7]indolizino[1 ,2b]quinoline-1 0,13(9H,15H)-dione, lurtotecan, 7-[2-(N-isopropylamino)ethyl]-(20S)camptothecin, BNP1350, BNPI1 100, BN80915, BN80942, etoposide
  • Antiproliferative agents include antisense RNA and DNA oligonucleotides such as G3139, ODN698, RVASKRAS, GEM231 and INX3001 and antimetabolites such as enocitabine, carmofur, tegafur, pentostatin, doxifluridine, trimetrexate, fludarabine, capecitabine, galocitabine, cytarabine ocfosfate, fosteabine sodium hydrate, raltitrexed, paltitrexid, emitefur, tiazofurin, decitabine, nolatrexed, pemetrexed, nelzarabine, 2'-deoxy-2'-methylidenecytidine, 2'-fluoromethylene-2'-deoxycytidine, N-[5-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuryl)sulfonyl]-N'-(3,4-diciblyenyl)urea
  • Antiproliferative agents also include monoclonal antibodies to growth factors other than those listed under “angiogenesis inhibitors”, such as trastuzumab, and tumour suppressor genes, such as p53, which can be delivered via recombinant virus-mediated gene transfer (see US Patent No. 6,069,134, for example).
  • angiogenesis inhibitors such as trastuzumab
  • tumour suppressor genes such as p53
  • the kinase assay is performed either as 384-well Flashplate assay (for e.g. Topcount measurement).
  • the kinase assay is performed as 384-well Flashplate assay assay (for e.g. Topcount measurement.
  • 0.6 nM TANK binding kinase (TBK1 ), 800 nM biotinylated MELK-derived peptide (Biotin-Ah-Ah-AKPKGNKDYHLQTCCGSLAYRRR) and 1 0 ⁇ ATP (spiked with 0.25 ⁇ 33 P-ATP/well) are incubated in a total volume of 50 ⁇ (1 0 mM MOPS, 10 mM Mg- acetat, 0.1 mM EGTA, 1 mM DTT, 0.02 % Brij35, 0.1 % BSA, pH 7.5) with or without test compound for 120 Min at 30°C. The reaction is stopped with 25 ⁇ 200 mM EDTA. After 30 Min at room temperature the liquid is removed and each well washed thrice with 100 ⁇ 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Nonspecific reaction is determined in presence of 100 nM Staurosporine. Radioactivity is measured in a Topcount
  • Results (e.g. IC 5 o-values) are calculated with program tools provided by the IT-department (e.g. AssayExplorer, Symyx).
  • TBK1 and ⁇ are best known as key players in the innate immune response, recent findings have pointed towards a role for TBK1 and ⁇ in Ras- induced oncogenic transformation .
  • TBK1 was identified as a RalB effector in the Ras-like (Ral)-guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) pathway that is required for Ras-induced transformation.
  • GEF Ras-like nucleotide exchange factor
  • phosphorylation homodimerizes and translocates to the nucleus where it activates processes involved with inflammation, immune regulation, cell survival and proliferation.
  • This assay has been devised in order to assess the efficacy/potency of ⁇ 1 / ⁇ inhibitor compounds based on the immunocytochemical detection of nuclear localised phospho-IRF3, a target directly downstream of TBK1 .
  • Poly(l:C) Polyinosine-polycytidylic acid
  • dsRNA doublestranded RNA
  • TLR3 Toll-like receptor 3
  • MDA-MB-468 cells are detached with HyQ-Tase, counted, and seeded into a 384-well clear bottom TC-surface plate at at density of 10,000 cells per well in a total volume of 35ul complete medium. Alternatively cells are directly seeded from frozen vials.
  • Permeabilize cells Quickly add 100 ⁇ -20oC cold MeOH (pre-cool reservoir)
  • Block non-specific binding Add 30 ⁇ 1 10 % goat serum in PBS / 2 % BSA
  • eluent B acetonitrile + 0.04 % formic acid
  • A1 2-Amino-5-(5-piperidin-1 -ylmethyl-thiophen-2-yl)-N-pyridin-4-yl- nicotinamide
  • the title compound is obtained from 3-amino-6-bromo-pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid and 4-aminopyridine using the same method as described in step 1 for "A1 ";
  • the title compound is obtained from 2-amino-5-bromonicotinic acid and 4- aminopyridazine analogously to "A1 " in step 1 ;
  • A28 is obtained from 2-amino-5-bromo-N-furo[3,2-b]pyridin-7-yl-pyridine-3- carboxamide and 1 -(2-methoxy-ethyl)-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1 ,3,2]dioxaborolan-2- yl)-1 H-pyrazole according to the procedure described for "A1 " step 2;
  • the reaction mixture is stirred over night at 50 °C.
  • the desired material "A31" is purified by chromatography
  • reaction mixture is evaporated and purified by silica gel chromatography using dichloromethane/MeOH 9:1 .
  • Hewlett Packard HP 1200 series system with the following features: ion source: electrospray (positive mode); scan: 100-1000 m/e; fragmentation voltage: 100 V; gas temperature: 350°C, UV: 220 nm. Method 1
  • eluent B acetonitrile + 0.04 % formic acid
  • eluent B acetonitrile + 0.04 % formic acid
  • reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature and the DMF is evaporated and the product was purified by chromatography.
  • A101 2-Amino-5- 2-carbamoyl-phenyl)-N-pyridin-4-yl-nicotinamide
  • a reaction vessel Under argon atmosphere, a reaction vessel is charged with 100 mg 2-amino-5- bromo-N-pyridin-4-yl-nicotinamide, 86 mg bis(pinacolate)diboron, 5 mi degassed ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethyi-formamide and 134 mg potassium acetate and stirred at room temperature.
  • the reaction vessel is charged with 27 mg (1 , 1 '-bis(diphenyl- phosphino)-ferrocen)dichloropailadium(ll) and stirred at 80 ° C for 14 h.
  • hydrochloric acid sterile filtered, transferred into injection vials, lyophilised under sterile conditions and sealed under sterile conditions.
  • Each injection vial contains 5 mg of active ingredient.
  • a mixture of 20 g of an active ingredient of the formula I with 1 00 g of soya lecithin and 1400 g of cocoa butter is melted, poured into moulds and allowed to cool.
  • Each suppository contains 20 mg of active ingredient.
  • a solution is prepared from 1 g of an active ingredient of the formula I, 9.38 g of NaH 2 P0 ⁇ 2 H 2 0, 28.48 g of Na 2 HP0 ⁇ 12 H 2 0 and 0.1 g of benzalkonium chloride in 940 ml of bidistilled water. The pH is adjusted to 6.8, and the solution is made up to 1 I and sterilised by irradiation. This solution can be used in the form of eye drops.
  • 500 mg of an active ingredient of the formula I are mixed with 99.5 g of Vaseline under aseptic conditions.
  • Tablets are pressed analogously to Example E and subsequently coated in a conventional manner with a coating of sucrose, potato starch, talc, tragacanth and dye.
  • each capsule contains 20 mg of the active ingredient.
  • a solution of 1 kg of active ingredient of the formula I in 60 I of bidistilled water is sterile filtered, transferred into ampoules, lyophilised under sterile conditions and sealed under sterile conditions. Each ampoule contains 10 mg of active ingredient.

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BR112013029640A BR112013029640A2 (pt) 2011-05-23 2012-04-11 derivados de piridina e pirazina
ES12715279T ES2699256T3 (es) 2011-05-23 2012-04-11 Piridina y derivados de pirazina
DK12715279.1T DK2714677T3 (en) 2011-05-23 2012-04-11 PYRIDINE AND PYRAZINE DERIVATIVES
PL12715279T PL2714677T3 (pl) 2011-05-23 2012-04-11 Pochodne pirydynowe i pirazynowe
EA201301302A EA023364B1 (ru) 2011-05-23 2012-04-11 Производные пиридина и пиразина
LTEP12715279.1T LT2714677T (lt) 2011-05-23 2012-04-11 Piridino ir pirazino dariniai
SI201231465T SI2714677T1 (sl) 2011-05-23 2012-04-11 Piridinski in pirazinski derivati
JP2014512837A JP6054954B2 (ja) 2011-05-23 2012-04-11 ピリジン−及びピラジン誘導体
CN201280025133.3A CN103748086B (zh) 2011-05-23 2012-04-11 吡啶和吡嗪衍生物
AU2012259333A AU2012259333B2 (en) 2011-05-23 2012-04-11 Pyridine-and pyrazine derivatives
MX2013012979A MX352975B (es) 2011-05-23 2012-04-11 Piridina y derivados de pirazina.
SG2013074638A SG194105A1 (en) 2011-05-23 2012-04-11 Pyridine-and pyrazine derivatives
US14/118,845 US9273029B2 (en) 2011-05-23 2012-04-11 Pyridine-and pyrazine derivatives
RS20181427A RS58015B1 (sr) 2011-05-23 2012-04-11 Piridin- i pirazin derivati
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IL229528A IL229528A (en) 2011-05-23 2013-11-21 History of pyridine and pyrinine, their preparation and medications containing them
HK14109947.9A HK1196601A1 (zh) 2011-05-23 2014-10-07 吡啶和吡嗪衍生物
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WO2015089481A3 (en) * 2013-12-13 2015-10-29 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. Methods to treat lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
CN105408323A (zh) * 2013-08-07 2016-03-16 默克专利股份公司 哌啶脲衍生物
WO2016057338A1 (en) * 2014-10-06 2016-04-14 Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Heteroarylamide inhibitors of tbk1
US9433622B2 (en) 2013-02-21 2016-09-06 Case Western Reserve University Pyrimidine compounds useful in the treatment of diseases mediated by IKKE and/or TBK1 mechanisms
US9603836B2 (en) 2014-05-15 2017-03-28 Iteos Therapeutics Pyrrolidine-2, 5-dione derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions and methods for use as IDO1 inhibitors
WO2017102091A1 (en) 2015-12-18 2017-06-22 Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft Heteroarylbenzimidazole compounds
WO2017207534A1 (en) 2016-06-03 2017-12-07 Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft Substituted heteroarylbenzimidazole compounds
US9856223B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2018-01-02 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. Methods to treat lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
US9873690B2 (en) 2015-03-17 2018-01-23 Pfizer Inc 3-indol substituted derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions and methods for use
DE102016113714A1 (de) 2016-07-26 2018-02-01 Rosa Karl Transfektionsverfahren mit nicht-viralen Genliefersystemen
US10040781B2 (en) 2014-09-26 2018-08-07 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Tank-binding kinase inhibitor compounds
US10072001B2 (en) 2014-06-03 2018-09-11 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Tank-binding kinase inhibitor compounds
US10112957B2 (en) 2014-10-22 2018-10-30 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. Thiazolyl-containing compounds for treating proliferative diseases
US10316049B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2019-06-11 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Tank-binding kinase inhibitor compounds
US10544095B2 (en) 2015-08-10 2020-01-28 Pfizer Inc. 3-indol substituted derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions and methods for use
US10947218B2 (en) 2016-07-20 2021-03-16 Novartis Ag Aminopyridine derivatives and their use as selective ALK-2 inhibitors
US11058686B2 (en) 2017-02-23 2021-07-13 Domainex Limited 5-(pyrimidin-4-yl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)nicotinonitrile compounds as IKKE, TBK1 and/or SIK2 kinases inhibitors
US11738026B2 (en) 2019-11-22 2023-08-29 Incyte Corporation Combination therapy comprising an ALK2 inhibitor and a JAK2 inhibitor

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MA41598A (fr) * 2015-02-25 2018-01-02 Constellation Pharmaceuticals Inc Composés thérapeutiques de pyridazine et leurs utilisations
RS64364B1 (sr) 2017-04-27 2023-08-31 Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Jedinjenje n-(4-piridil) nikotinamida ili njegova so
KR20230025444A (ko) 2020-06-16 2023-02-21 인사이트 코포레이션 빈혈 치료를 위한 alk2 저해제
CN116099004B (zh) * 2022-12-30 2024-01-30 深圳开悦生命科技有限公司 Rna解旋酶dhx33抑制剂在制备用于治疗膀胱癌的药物中的应用

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US9433622B2 (en) 2013-02-21 2016-09-06 Case Western Reserve University Pyrimidine compounds useful in the treatment of diseases mediated by IKKE and/or TBK1 mechanisms
CN105408323A (zh) * 2013-08-07 2016-03-16 默克专利股份公司 哌啶脲衍生物
US10597387B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2020-03-24 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. Methods to treat lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
US9856223B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2018-01-02 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. Methods to treat lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
WO2015089481A3 (en) * 2013-12-13 2015-10-29 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. Methods to treat lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
US9908872B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2018-03-06 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. Methods to treat lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
USRE50030E1 (en) 2013-12-13 2024-07-02 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. Methods to treat lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
US10633348B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2020-04-28 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. Methods to treat lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
WO2015121812A1 (en) * 2014-02-12 2015-08-20 Iteos Therapeutics Novel 3-(indol-3-yl)-pyridine derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions and methods for use
US9758505B2 (en) 2014-02-12 2017-09-12 Iteos Therapeutics 3-(indol-3-yl)-pyridine derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions and methods for use
US10398679B2 (en) 2014-05-15 2019-09-03 Iteos Therapeutics Treatment method utilizing pyrrolidine-2, 5-dione derivatives as IDO1 inhibitors
US9603836B2 (en) 2014-05-15 2017-03-28 Iteos Therapeutics Pyrrolidine-2, 5-dione derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions and methods for use as IDO1 inhibitors
US9949951B2 (en) 2014-05-15 2018-04-24 Iteos Therapeutics Pyrrolidine-2, 5-dione derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions and methods for use as IDO1 inhibitors
US10259811B2 (en) 2014-06-03 2019-04-16 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Tank-binding kinase inhibitor compounds
US10072001B2 (en) 2014-06-03 2018-09-11 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Tank-binding kinase inhibitor compounds
US10253019B2 (en) 2014-09-26 2019-04-09 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Tank-binding kinase inhibitor compounds
US10040781B2 (en) 2014-09-26 2018-08-07 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Tank-binding kinase inhibitor compounds
US9994547B2 (en) 2014-10-06 2018-06-12 Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Heteroarylamide inhibitors of TBK1
WO2016057338A1 (en) * 2014-10-06 2016-04-14 Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Heteroarylamide inhibitors of tbk1
US10112957B2 (en) 2014-10-22 2018-10-30 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. Thiazolyl-containing compounds for treating proliferative diseases
US10464949B2 (en) 2014-10-22 2019-11-05 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. Thiazolyl-containing compounds for treating proliferative diseases
US10844077B2 (en) 2014-10-22 2020-11-24 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. Thiazolyl-containing compounds for treating proliferative diseases
US9873690B2 (en) 2015-03-17 2018-01-23 Pfizer Inc 3-indol substituted derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions and methods for use
US10544095B2 (en) 2015-08-10 2020-01-28 Pfizer Inc. 3-indol substituted derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions and methods for use
US10316049B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2019-06-11 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Tank-binding kinase inhibitor compounds
US10894784B2 (en) 2015-12-18 2021-01-19 Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft Heteroarylbenzimidazole compounds
WO2017102091A1 (en) 2015-12-18 2017-06-22 Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft Heteroarylbenzimidazole compounds
WO2017207534A1 (en) 2016-06-03 2017-12-07 Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft Substituted heteroarylbenzimidazole compounds
US10947218B2 (en) 2016-07-20 2021-03-16 Novartis Ag Aminopyridine derivatives and their use as selective ALK-2 inhibitors
WO2018019341A1 (de) 2016-07-26 2018-02-01 Karl Rosa Transfektionsverfahren mit nicht-viralen genliefersystemen
DE102016113714A1 (de) 2016-07-26 2018-02-01 Rosa Karl Transfektionsverfahren mit nicht-viralen Genliefersystemen
US11058686B2 (en) 2017-02-23 2021-07-13 Domainex Limited 5-(pyrimidin-4-yl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)nicotinonitrile compounds as IKKE, TBK1 and/or SIK2 kinases inhibitors
US11738026B2 (en) 2019-11-22 2023-08-29 Incyte Corporation Combination therapy comprising an ALK2 inhibitor and a JAK2 inhibitor

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EA023364B1 (ru) 2016-05-31
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JP6763904B2 (ja) 2020-09-30
ES2699256T3 (es) 2019-02-08
BR112013029640A2 (pt) 2017-06-13
KR20140016358A (ko) 2014-02-07
JP2018115201A (ja) 2018-07-26
SG194105A1 (en) 2013-11-29
HK1196601A1 (zh) 2014-12-19
IL229528A0 (en) 2014-01-30
EA201301302A1 (ru) 2014-04-30
JP2014518884A (ja) 2014-08-07
US9273029B2 (en) 2016-03-01
LT2714677T (lt) 2018-12-10
US20140142097A1 (en) 2014-05-22
MX2013012979A (es) 2013-12-06
AU2012259333A2 (en) 2013-11-14
MX352975B (es) 2017-12-15
PT2714677T (pt) 2018-11-29
EP2714677B1 (en) 2018-08-22
RS58015B1 (sr) 2019-02-28
HRP20181884T1 (hr) 2019-01-11
PL2714677T3 (pl) 2019-02-28
CN103748086B (zh) 2016-05-25

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