WO2012159330A1 - 电磁波传播特性的分析方法和装置 - Google Patents

电磁波传播特性的分析方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012159330A1
WO2012159330A1 PCT/CN2011/077215 CN2011077215W WO2012159330A1 WO 2012159330 A1 WO2012159330 A1 WO 2012159330A1 CN 2011077215 W CN2011077215 W CN 2011077215W WO 2012159330 A1 WO2012159330 A1 WO 2012159330A1
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Prior art keywords
source
reflection
diffraction
receiving point
virtual
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PCT/CN2011/077215
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭立新
刘忠玉
李汐
种稚萌
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to CN201180001204.1A priority Critical patent/CN102986152B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2011/077215 priority patent/WO2012159330A1/zh
Publication of WO2012159330A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012159330A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/391Modelling the propagation channel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and in particular, to an analysis method and apparatus for electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics. Background technique
  • the propagation model is the basis of network planning. It is a simulation and simulation of the wireless transmission channel. It is used to predict the field strength of the received signal.
  • the main research object is the obstacle shadow effect band on the propagation path. The effect of slow fading.
  • PM research is to provide operators with a more accurate theoretical basis in the initial stage of network planning, in order to guide the planning of the network. Without a good prediction of the propagation model, the only way to choose the location and height of the base station is to repeat the test by actual measurements. Obviously this will waste a lot of manpower, time and cost.
  • the communication industry can roughly divide PM into two categories: statistical models and theoretical models.
  • the theoretical model is calculated by directly applying the electromagnetic field theory to a specific environment.
  • the model is suitable for propagation model prediction in indoor, micro-region and metropolitan area.
  • the representative one is the Ray Tracing (RT) model.
  • RT is a technique widely used in mobile communication and personal communication environments (street microcells and indoor picocells) to predict the propagation characteristics of radio waves. It can be used to identify all possible ray paths between transceivers in multipath channels. .
  • An implementation method of an RT model in the prior art is a mirror image theory method based on the theory of reflection, the law of refraction, and the theory of analytic geometry.
  • the theoretical basis is a uniqueness theorem, and it is known by geometric optics.
  • the line can be obtained by finding a mirror point to determine the propagation path of the ray. Therefore, the method can be applied to the prediction of radio wave propagation in a micro cell.
  • the inventors have found that the above-mentioned prior art mirror image method has at least the following problems:
  • the source image points generate mirror points on the reflecting surface, and the mirror points are generated for the reflecting surface. New mirror points, and these new mirror points can generate new mirror points.
  • the number of images that will continue to be obtained will be astonishing and computationally difficult. Therefore, this method is difficult to apply to the situation where the environmental obstacle geometry is too complicated.
  • each tracking process is related to the location of the receiving point, so that the tracking software cannot be made very general.
  • KTLPHW111060 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for analyzing ray propagation characteristics to effectively analyze propagation characteristics such as a ray propagation path.
  • An analysis method of the electromagnetic wave propagation characteristic, the virtual source tree including the multi-level virtual source is established according to the pre-stored environment information and the location of the emission source, and the method specifically includes:
  • the field strength at each of the propagation paths is calculated and combined to reach the field strength at the receiving point, thereby obtaining the field strength corresponding to the receiving point.
  • An analysis device for electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics comprising:
  • a virtual source tree establishing module configured to establish a virtual source tree including multiple levels of virtual sources according to pre-stored environment information and a location of the source;
  • a propagation path obtaining module configured to query the virtual source tree according to the location of the transmitting source and the receiving point, and obtain a propagation path from the transmitting source to the receiving point;
  • the field strength calculation module is configured to calculate and combine the field strength of the electromagnetic wave on each propagation path to the receiving point, thereby obtaining the field strength corresponding to the receiving point.
  • a novel virtual type including a multi-level virtual source of a new binary tree structure is established according to the pre-stored environment information and the location of the transmission source.
  • the source tree can establish a more accurate propagation model according to the above virtual source tree, so that the propagation characteristics of the electromagnetic wave propagation path and field strength can be effectively analyzed.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for analyzing a ray propagation characteristic according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view of a region before a building nesting process according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • a schematic representation of the two-dimensional geometric information of the building
  • FIG. 2(b) is a schematic diagram showing two-dimensional geometric information of all buildings in a certain area after a building nesting process according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram of a radiation range of a transmitting source according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3b is a schematic diagram of a radiation range of a reflection source according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • 3c is a schematic diagram of a radiation range of a diffraction source according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a virtual source tree according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a two-dimensional schematic diagram of a simple environment according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a virtual source tree established according to a location of a source according to the two-dimensional environment shown in FIG. 5 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a virtual source tree with an Rx node added according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an active node and an invalid node in a virtual source tree according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a slave node linked by 20 ordered nodes according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional path from a receiving point to a source
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of expanding a two-dimensional path into two three-dimensional paths according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of two-dimensional geometric information of all buildings including a certain area according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; map;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of all two-dimensional ray paths between a transmitting antenna and a receiving point according to the map shown in FIG. 11 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of all three-dimensional ray paths between a transmitting antenna and a receiving point according to the map shown in FIG. 11 according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of comparison between simulation and actual measurement on a street sleter according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of comparison between simulation and actual measurement on a street laurier according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • a schematic diagram of comparison between simulation and actual measurement on a street queen is provided in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 17 is a specific implementation structural diagram of an apparatus for analyzing radiation propagation characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention. Mode for carrying out the invention
  • FIG. 1 The processing flow of an analysis method for electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics provided by this embodiment is as shown in FIG. 1, and includes the following processing steps:
  • Step 11 Create a virtual source tree including multiple levels of virtual sources according to the pre-stored environment information and the location of the source.
  • Step 12 Query the virtual source tree according to the locations of the foregoing sending source and the receiving point, and obtain a propagation path from the transmitting source to the receiving point.
  • the foregoing propagation path may be a two-dimensional path and a three-dimensional path.
  • Step 13 Calculate and combine the field strength of each electromagnetic wave on the propagation path to reach the receiving point, thereby obtaining the The field strength corresponding to the receiving point.
  • the path loss corresponding to the receiving point can be calculated according to the field strength corresponding to the receiving point. It can be seen from the technical solutions provided by the foregoing embodiments of the present invention that a new type of binary tree is established according to the environmental information such as the two-dimensional geometric information of the building in a certain area and the position of the transmitting source.
  • the novel virtual source tree including the multi-level virtual source can establish a more accurate propagation model according to the virtual source tree, so that the propagation characteristics of the electromagnetic wave propagation path and field strength can be effectively analyzed.
  • an embodiment of the present invention will be described by taking the above electromagnetic wave as a ray as an example.
  • the virtual source tree including the multi-level virtual source is established according to the two-dimensional geometric information of the building in a certain area and the location of the transmission source in the foregoing step 11, which may include:
  • Step 111 Obtain two-dimensional geometric information of all buildings in a certain area, where the two-dimensional geometric information is a description of a contour projected onto the ground by the building, and the contour formed by the projection is a polygon, and the vertex of the polygon is a building.
  • the projection of the vertical ground corner of the object on the ground, so the vertices of the polygon are also called the vertices of the building.
  • the two-dimensional geometric information of all the above buildings is stored in the format of the two-dimensional geometric information of the building in the conventional digital map.
  • the embodiment of the present invention sets a counterclockwise order for the standard storage order of each building vertex. Based on the standard storage order, an algorithm is used to identify whether the storage order of each building vertex is the above standard storage order, if the vertices of the building If the order is stored clockwise, change the vertex order to counterclockwise.
  • Step 112 Find, according to the stored two-dimensional geometric information of the building and the location of the emission source, a visible wall and a visible building corner associated with the emission source, according to the visible wall and visible The corners of the building capture virtual sources at various levels, creating a virtual source tree that includes multiple levels of virtual sources.
  • the specific establishment process of the above virtual source tree includes:
  • the third type is the ray generated by the diffraction of the corner. The same ray can also be regarded as a virtual source and a diffraction source. of. Since the reflecting surface has a certain size, the edge angle has a certain internal angle. After the radiation is reflected (diffracted), the area through which the ray may pass is within a certain range.
  • This range is the effective area for ray tracing, and the radiation range of the above-mentioned emitting source
  • the radiation range of the above-mentioned reflection source is as shown in Fig. 3b
  • the radiation range of the above-mentioned diffraction source is as shown in Fig. 3c.
  • the diffraction loss is generally larger than the reflection loss. Therefore, it is necessary to treat the ray type and the type of ray involved in the path differently when setting the number of inverse and diffraction times, so the concept of type weight is introduced.
  • the reflected ray type has a weight value of 1
  • the diffracted ray type has a weight value of 3.
  • the maximum value of the maximum inverse and diffraction ray type weight values allowed on each ray path is set as a limit number, which determines the depth of the virtual source tree.
  • the mirror point generated by the primary diffraction source with respect to the visible wall is used as a secondary reflection source, and the visible corner of the visible building is used as a secondary diffraction source, thereby finding all the primary diffraction sources. All next level virtual sources, so that all secondary virtual sources are found.
  • FIG. 4 The structure of a virtual source tree provided by this embodiment is shown in FIG. 4.
  • five primary and secondary virtual sources and four tertiary virtual sources are included.
  • the virtual sources of the same level are arranged side by side, and each low-level virtual source is connected to at least one high-level virtual source, and the same-level virtual source that is circled by the ellipse has the same superior virtual source.
  • the relationship between the node in the above virtual source tree and its left subtree is similar to the "father and son” relationship, and the relationship between the node and the right subtree is similar to the "brother” relationship, so the above virtual source tree is a "left son right brother”
  • the binary tree structure of the relationship For the different diffraction sources on the same straight edge of the virtual source tree, the visible surface, the visible corner and the visible receiving point are exactly the same, so in the process of establishing the virtual source tree, the diffraction source is saved.
  • the visible surface, the visible corner and the visible reception point result, thus avoiding the extra time consumption caused by the repeated processing of the same diffracting source, especially when a large number of prediction points are required to perform signal coverage prediction on the entire micro cell. It will be more obvious.
  • the limit number is used to control the maximum number of reflections and diffractions on each ray path, and the actual situation that the diffraction loss is large relative to the reflection loss is considered, and the embodiment of the present invention is set.
  • the maximum propagation distance after diffraction (called the diffraction distance).
  • the specific processing of the two-dimensional path from the source to the receiving point may be performed by querying the virtual source tree according to the location of the receiving point in the foregoing step 12.
  • FIG. 5 Take the two-dimensional diagram of the simple environment shown in Figure 5 as an example.
  • the environment consists of two buildings. Eight letters a—h represent the corners, eight Arabic numerals 1-8 represent the vertical ground wall, and Tx represents the source. (transmitting antenna), Rx stands for receiving point, and has the same meaning in the following figures.
  • the virtual source tree is queried according to the location of the receiving point, so as to obtain all the two-dimensional paths from the transmitting source to the receiving point as follows:
  • Step 1 According to the two-dimensional environment shown in FIG. 5, a virtual source tree as shown in FIG. 6 is established according to the position of the source. The virtual source tree is only calculated to the secondary virtual source. Of course, this tree calculation can also get a more advanced virtual source. It should be noted that the process of establishing a tree is independent of the location of the receiving point, and the virtual source tree is only related to the location of the transmitting source.
  • Step 2 Add the node containing the Rx location information of the receiving point in Figure 5 to the virtual source tree.
  • Step 2 Add the node containing the Rx location information of the receiving point in Figure 5 to the virtual source tree.
  • Operation one find the last node in the peer node, and add the Rx node as the right subtree of the node.
  • Operation 2 Find the node without the left subtree, and add the Rx node as the left subtree after the node.
  • Step 3 Determine the validity of the added Rx node. Two operations are required here:
  • Operation one For the Rx node added to the last node in the peer node, according to the two-dimensional diagram of the simple environment shown in FIG. 5, it is determined whether the receiving point is the same parent node of the peer node. Directly visible (no occlusion), if yes, the receiving point is valid.
  • Operation 2 For the Rx node added to the node without the left subtree, it is judged whether the receiving point is directly visible by the node, and if so, the receiving point is valid.
  • the receiving point and the node e indicated by the arrow in Fig. 8 are the same parent node as d. According to the two-dimensional schematic diagram of the simple environment shown in Fig. 5, the d and the receiving point are connected, and the wall 2 will be encountered. Blocking, therefore, the arrow in Figure 8 refers to the connection The collection point is invalid. According to the above judgment principle, the other receiving points in Fig. 8 are all valid.
  • Step 4 Starting from each Rx node, you need to find the parent node until you find the source, so you can find all the ordered nodes. According to Figure 8, you can find 20 ordered nodes. Point list. The 20 ordered nodes obtained are as follows -
  • Step 5 In all ordered lists, only need to process For an ordered list of reflection source types, for a node whose virtual source type is a reflection source, the reflection point coordinates of the reflection source on the corresponding surface should be used instead of the position coordinates of the reflection source in the reflection source node. In this example, there are six ordered node linked lists that need to be processed. These six are:
  • the 20 ordered node linked lists represent 20 effective two-dimensional paths from the receiving point to the transmitting source (as shown in Figure 9). Specifically, the basis in the above step 13 Transmitting the two-dimensional path into a three-dimensional path by the height of the transmitting source and the receiving point, including:
  • each two-dimensional path is expanded into a three-dimensional path with ground reflection participation and a three-dimensional path with no ground reflection participation;
  • the three-dimensional path in which the ground reflection participates includes: a reflection source and/or a diffraction source, a ground reflection point, an emission source, and a receiving point, wherein the reflection source and/or the diffraction source and the ground reflection point are according to the The two-dimensional position of the reflection source and/or the diffraction source included in the two-dimensional path, the height information of the emission source and the receiving point are obtained by mapping;
  • the three-dimensional path participating in the non-ground reflection includes a reflection source and/or a diffraction source, a transmission source, and a reception point, wherein the reflection source and/or the diffraction source are in accordance with a two-dimensional position of the reflection source and/or the diffraction source included in the two-dimensional path, the emission source, and the The height information of the receiving point is obtained by mapping.
  • FIG. 10 A schematic diagram of extending a two-dimensional path into two three-dimensional paths is provided in this embodiment.
  • the y direction represents the height relative to the ground, and two three-dimensional ray paths and one two-dimensional The paths are stretched into a single plane.
  • the source and the receiving point are directly connected to obtain a three-dimensional path without ground reflection.
  • a downward straight line perpendicular to the X direction is made, and the length of the straight line is twice the height of the receiving point.
  • the intersection of the line and the X direction is a ground reflection point, which serves as a connection between the source, the ground reflection point, and the reception point, and obtains a three-dimensional path with ground reflection. .
  • An upward straight line perpendicular to the X direction is formed for each of the reflection points or the diffraction points on the two-dimensional path, and the intersection of the straight line with the three-dimensional path without the ground reflection or the three-dimensional path with the ground reflection is on the two-dimensional path.
  • the field strength corresponding to the above-mentioned receiving point can be calculated, and the specific calculation process is as follows:
  • the intensity of the transmitted electric field which is the length of the propagation path of the direct radiation from the source to the receiving point;
  • n is the number of reflection sources included in the three-dimensional path
  • the m is the number of diffraction sources included in the three-dimensional path
  • the number is a dihedral reflection coefficient of the i-th reflection source
  • the D ' is the dya diffraction coefficient of the i-th diffraction source
  • the ⁇ ' is the diffusion factor after reflection or diffraction
  • the ⁇ is the inverse of the i-th reflection source corresponding to the wall surface Shooting point or diffraction source to the reflection point or the distance of the diffraction source on the wall corresponding to the i+1th reflection source;
  • the radiation field will reach the receiving point all three paths are combined strongly, the reception points corresponding to obtain a strong predictor field £ '. '. '.
  • the field strength of the ray on all three-dimensional paths is obtained by taking the component of the ray of each three-dimensional path parallel to the polarization direction of the receiving antenna of the receiving point, and summing, and obtaining the field at the field. Strong predictive value £ ' ⁇ , whose expression is
  • Equation 1 is the wave number of the radiation emitted by the emission source, which is the emission electric field intensity of the radiation emitted by the emission source.
  • FIG. 11 A map of two-dimensional geometric information including all buildings in a certain area provided by this embodiment is shown in FIG. 11, and in FIG. 11, 130 buildings are included, a total of 614 faces, and the height of the buildings is at least three.
  • the floor is high and is a typical outdoor micro area scene.
  • the transmitting antenna is placed at the downward arrow position in Fig. 6, with a twist of 8.5 m and a radiated power of 10 w.
  • a virtual source tree can be established. Then, based on this virtual source tree, all the propagation paths from the transmitting antenna to any receiving point can be found.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of all two-dimensional ray paths (with a limit of 6) between the transmitting antenna and the receiving point.
  • the receiving antennas are moved on three streets named Slater, Whyr, and Queen in Figure 12, and have a height of 3.65 m.
  • the parameters of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are set to: a vertical single-stage antenna, the operating frequency is 910 MHz, and the average gain in the horizontal direction is 1.0 dBi.
  • the coverage prediction can be performed on different streets or the entire micro-cells:
  • the present invention establishes a novel binary tree structure according to the two-dimensional geometric information of the building and the position of the transmitting source in a certain area stored in advance.
  • a new virtual source tree including multi-level virtual sources can establish a more accurate propagation model according to the above virtual source tree, so that the propagation characteristics such as the ray propagation path can be effectively analyzed.
  • the virtual source tree can access the relationship between the virtual source nodes of different levels and the virtual source nodes of different levels, and the virtual source nodes of the same level can access the upper level nodes, thereby quickly determining the ray path. to offer comfort.
  • the establishment of the virtual source tree and the determination of all the ray paths between the transmitting and receiving antennas are performed simultaneously, which reduces the time taken to traverse the virtual source tree and saves the memory space occupied by storing all the ray paths.
  • the embodiment of the present invention uses the identification and optimization processing technology of the environment information feature. The technology is based on the data file storing the geometric information, and the versatility of the RT algorithm is realized by the identification and modification of the storage order of the vertices of the building.
  • the solution to the problem of building nesting and the preprocessing of spatial partitioning of geometric information reduces the amount of data processed while the algorithm is running.
  • the process of establishing the virtual source tree in the embodiment of the present invention by setting the type weight of the inverse and the diffraction ray and setting the diffraction distance, the number of layers of the virtual source tree is limited, and the impact is hardly affected at the same time.
  • the prediction accuracy is a good compromise between computational accuracy and computational time.
  • Embodiment 2 The embodiment of the present invention further provides an apparatus for analyzing electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics, and the specific implementation structure is as shown in FIG. 17, which may specifically include:
  • the virtual source tree establishing module 11 is configured to establish a virtual source tree including multiple levels of virtual sources according to the pre-stored environment information and the location of the transmitting source;
  • the two-dimensional path obtaining module 12 is configured to query a virtual source tree established by the virtual source tree establishing module according to the location of the transmitting source and the receiving point, and obtain a propagation path from the transmitting source to the receiving point;
  • the field strength calculation module 13 is configured to calculate and combine the field strength of the electromagnetic wave on each propagation path to the receiving point, Thereby, the field strength corresponding to the receiving point is obtained.
  • the virtual source tree establishing module 11 may include:
  • the two-dimensional geometric information storage module 111 is configured to acquire two-dimensional geometric information of all buildings in a certain area, and remove two-dimensional geometric information of buildings nested inside other buildings, and to The geometric information is stored, and the vertices of the building are stored in the set order;
  • a virtual source determining module 112 configured to find a visible wall and a visible surface related to the emission source according to the two-dimensional geometric information of the building and the position of the transmitting source stored by the two-dimensional geometric information storage module of the building.
  • the corner of the building acquires virtual sources of various levels according to the visible wall and the corner of the visible building, and establishes a virtual source tree including multi-level virtual sources.
  • the virtual source tree determining module 112 may include:
  • a first-level virtual source determining module 1121 configured to find one or more visible walls of the transmitting source and a corner of a visible building, and use the mirrored point generated by the transmitting source relative to the visible wall as a first-order reflection a source, the corner of the visible building is used as a primary diffraction source, and the primary reflection source and the primary diffraction source are referred to as a first-level virtual source; and the multi-level virtual source determination module 1122 is configured to find The visible wall of all the first-level virtual sources and the corner of the visible building, and the mirrored points generated by the first-level virtual source relative to the visible wall of the first-level virtual source are used as secondary reflection sources, and the first-level virtual The corner of the visible building of the source serves as a secondary diffraction source, and the secondary reflection source and the secondary diffraction source are referred to as secondary virtual sources;
  • the set number of levels of reflection source and diffraction source are referred to as a set number of levels of virtual source
  • each virtual As a node the source stores all levels of nodes in a tree-like structure to form the virtual source tree.
  • nodes of the same level are arranged side by side, and each low-level node is arranged. Both are connected to at least one high-level node.
  • the propagation path obtaining module 12 may include:
  • the two-dimensional path obtaining module 121 is configured to add the receiving point after the last node in each of the peer nodes, and determine whether the receiving point is directly connected to the same upper node of the same-level node. It can be seen that if yes, it is determined that the added receiving point is valid, and the added receiving point is regarded as a peer node; the receiving point is added after the node without the peer node, and it is determined whether the receiving point is The node is directly visible, if yes, it is determined that the receiving point is valid; starting from each valid receiving point to find a superior node, the number of nodes of the same level cannot be greater than 1, until the source is found, obtained from the All two-dimensional paths from the source to the receiving point are transmitted.
  • the three-dimensional path obtaining module 122 is further configured to expand each two-dimensional path into a three-dimensional path with ground reflection participation and a three-dimensional path with no ground reflection participation;
  • the three-dimensional path in which the ground reflection participates includes: a reflection source and/or a diffraction source, a ground reflection point, an emission source, and a receiving point, wherein the reflection source and/or the diffraction source and the ground reflection point are according to the The two-dimensional position of the reflection source and/or the diffraction source included in the two-dimensional path, the height information of the emission source and the receiving point are obtained by mapping;
  • the three-dimensional path participating in the non-ground reflection includes a reflection source and/or a diffraction source, a transmission source, and a reception point, wherein the reflection source and/or the diffraction source are in accordance with a two-dimensional position of the reflection source and/or the diffraction source included in the two-dimensional path, the emission source, and the The height information of the
  • the field strength calculation module 13 is further configured to calculate a field when the electromagnetic wave emitted by the emission source reaches the receiving point through a three-dimensional path without any ground reflection, wall reflection, and corner diffraction. Strong ⁇ ;: one
  • the k is the wave number of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the transmitting source, the intensity of the transmitting electric field of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the transmitting source, and the length of the propagation path of the direct electromagnetic wave from the transmitting source to the receiving point ;
  • the intensity of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the emission source reaching the first reflection point or the diffraction point on the three-dimensional path, E inc - ⁇ , the ⁇ is the emission source to the three-dimensional path
  • the first reflection source corresponds to the reflection path of the wall surface or the propagation path length of the direct electromagnetic wave of the diffraction source.
  • n is the number of reflection sources included in the three-dimensional path
  • the m is the number of diffraction sources included in the three-dimensional path
  • the number is a dihedral reflection coefficient of the i-th reflection source
  • the D ' is the dya diffraction coefficient of the i-th diffraction source
  • the ⁇ ' is the diffusion factor after reflection or diffraction
  • the ⁇ is the reflection point or the diffraction source on the wall corresponding to the i-th reflection source The distance from the reflection point or the diffraction source on the wall corresponding to the i+1th reflection source;
  • An electromagnetic wave will reach the reception point through all three paths are combined field strength, the reception points corresponding to obtain a strong predictor field £ '. .
  • the device may further include: a path loss calculation module 14 configured to calculate, according to the field strength prediction value corresponding to the receiving point, Receiving loss 1 is a wave number of an electromagnetic wave emitted by the emission source, and the “ 1 is a transmission electric field intensity of an electromagnetic wave emitted by the emission source.
  • a path loss calculation module 14 configured to calculate, according to the field strength prediction value corresponding to the receiving point, Receiving loss 1 is a wave number of an electromagnetic wave emitted by the emission source, and the “ 1 is a transmission electric field intensity of an electromagnetic wave emitted by the emission source.
  • the storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or a read-only memory (Read- Only Memory, ROM). Or a random access memory (RAM), etc.
  • the embodiment of the present invention establishes the environment information and the position of the transmitting source according to the two-dimensional geometric information of the building in a certain area stored in advance.
  • a new type of virtual source tree including a multi-level virtual source of a binary tree structure can be established according to the above virtual source tree.
  • Accurate propagation model, the propagation path can be electromagnetic waves, the propagation characteristics of the field strength and the like were analyzed efficiently.
  • the virtual source tree can access the relationship between the virtual source nodes of different levels and the virtual source nodes of different levels, and the virtual source nodes of the same level can access the upper level nodes, thereby quickly determining the ray path. to offer comfort.
  • the establishment of the virtual source tree and the determination of all the ray paths between the transmitting and receiving antennas are performed simultaneously, which reduces the time taken to traverse the virtual source tree and saves the memory space occupied by storing all the ray paths.
  • the embodiment of the invention uses the identification and optimization processing technology of the environment information feature. The technology is based on the data file storing the geometric information, and realizes the universality of the RT algorithm through the identification and modification of the storage order of the vertex of the building.
  • the solution of the building nesting problem and the spatial partitioning of the geometric information reduce the amount of data processed by the algorithm.
  • the process of establishing the virtual source tree in the embodiment of the present invention by setting the type weight of the inverse and the diffraction ray and setting the diffraction distance, the number of layers of the virtual source tree is limited, and the impact is hardly affected at the same time.
  • the prediction accuracy is a good compromise between computational accuracy and computational time.
  • the embodiments of the present invention can provide a reliable theoretical basis for the network planning and propagation model adaptability evaluation of the 3G network, especially the outdoor micro-wave model prediction and network optimization.

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  • Monitoring And Testing Of Transmission In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明实施例提供了一种射线传播特性的分析方法和装置。该方法主要包括:根据预先存储的环境信息和发射源的位置,建立包括多级虚拟源的虚拟源树,根据所述发射源和接收点的位置査询所述虚拟源树,获取从所述发射源到所述接收点的传播路径,计算并合并每条传播路径上的电磁波到达接收点处的场强,从而得到所述接收点对应的场强。利用本发明实施例,建立了一种新型的二叉树结构的包括多级虚拟源的新型的虚拟源树,根据上述虚拟源树可以建立较为准确的传播模型,从而可以有效地对电磁波的传播路径、场强等传播特性进行分析。

Description

电磁波传播特性的分析方法和装置 技术领域
本发明涉及无线通信技术领域, 尤其涉及一种电磁波传播特性的分析方法和装置。 背景技术
随着我国无线通信事业的蓬勃发展, 人们对通信质量的要求也越来越高, 并对通信 软、 硬件设施的改善和改进, 以及网络规划的合理实施提出了更高的要求。 因此, 网络 规划是移动网络建设过程中一个必不可少的环节。
通常, 传播模型 (propagation model , PM) 是网络规划的基础, 是对无线传输信 道的一种模拟和仿真, 用来预测接收信号的场强, 其主要研究对象是传播路径上障碍物 阴影效应带来的慢衰落影响。 PM的研究就是为了给运营商在网络规划的初期阶段提供一 个较为准确的理论依据, 以便于指导网络的规划。 若没有良好的传播模型的预测, 选择 基站位置和高度的惟一方法就是通过实际测量来反复测试。 显然这会浪费大量的人力、 时间, 费用也会很高。
目前, 通信业界对 PM大致可分为两类: 统计模型和理论性模型。 理论性模型是通过 对具体的环境直接应用电磁场理论进行计算, 该模型适合室内、微小区和大城市中心区 的传播模型预测, 比较有代表性的就是射线跟踪 (Ray Tracing, RT) 模型。 RT是一种 被广泛用于移动通信和个人通信环境(街道微蜂窝和室内微微蜂窝) 中的预测无线电波 传播特性的技术, 可以用来辨认出多径信道中收发之间所有可能的射线路径。
现有技术中的一种 RT模型的实现方法为镜像理论方法, 该方法建立在反射定律、折 射定律和解析几何理论的基础之上, 其理论根据是唯一性定理, 而且由几何光学可知, 反射线可以通过寻找镜像点的办法来得到, 进而确定射线的传播路径。 因此, 该方法可 以应用于微小区的电波传播预测中。
在实现本发明过程中,发明人发现上述现有技术中的镜像理论方法至少存在如下问 题: 在上述镜像理论方法中, 源像点对反射面产生镜像点, 而这些镜像点又对于反射面 产生新的镜像点, 而这些新的镜像点又可以产生新的镜像点, 如此继续下去所得的镜像 数目会多的惊人, 计算起来也十分困难。 因此, 该方法对于环境障碍物几何形状过于复 杂的情形, 应用起来比较困难。 在该方法中, 每一次跟踪过程均与接收点的位置有关, 使得跟踪软件不能做得很通用。 KTLPHW111060 发明内容 本发明的实施例提供了一种射线传播特性的分析方法和装置, 以实现有效地对射线 传播路径等传播特性进行分析。
一种电磁波传播特性的分析方法, 根据预先存储的环境信息和发射源的位置, 建立 包括多级虚拟源的虚拟源树, 所述方法具体包括:
根据所述发射源和接收点的位置查询所述虚拟源树,获取从所述发射源到所述接收 点的传播路径;
计算并合并每条传播路径上的电磁波到达接收点处的场强,从而得到所述接收点对 应的场强。
一种电磁波传播特性的分析装置, 包括:
虚拟源树建立模块, 用于根据预先存储的环境信息和发射源的位置, 建立包括多级 虚拟源的虚拟源树;
传播路径获取模块, 用于根据所述发射源和接收点的位置査询所述虚拟源树, 获取 从所述发射源到所述接收点的传播路径;
场强计算模块, 用于计算并合并每条传播路径上的电磁波到达接收点处的场强, 从 而得到所述接收点对应的场强。
由上述本发明的实施例提供的技术方案可以看出,本发明实施例通过根据预先存储 的环境信息和发射源的位置,建立了一种新型的二叉树结构的包括多级虚拟源的新型的 虚拟源树, 根据上述虚拟源树可以建立较为准确的传播模型, 从而可以有效地对电磁波 的传播路径、 场强等传播特性进行分析。 附图简要说明
图 1为本发明实施例一提供的一种射线传播特性的分析方法的处理流程图; 图 2 ( a)为本发明实施例一提供的一种建筑物嵌套处理前的某地区中的所有建筑物 的二维几何信息示意图;
图 2 ( b )为本发明实施例一提供的一种建筑物嵌套处理后的某地区中的所有建筑物 的二维几何信息示意图;
图 3a为本发明实施例一提供的一种发射源的辐射范围示意图;
图 3b为本发明实施例一提供的一种反射源的辐射范围示意图;
图 3c为本发明实施例一提供的一种绕射源的辐射范围示意图; 图 4为本发明实施例一提供的一种虚拟源树的结构示意图;
图 5为本发明实施例一提供的一种简单环境的二维示意图;
图 6为本发明实施例一提供的根据图 5所示的二维环境,依据发射源的位置建立的虚 拟源树的示意图;
图 7为本发明实施例一提供的一种添加了 Rx结点的虚拟源树的示意图;
图 8为本发明实施例一提供的一种虚拟源树中的有效结点、 无效结点的示意图; 图 9为本发明实施例一提供的一种通过 20个有序结点链表代表的从接收点到发射源 的二维路径示意图;
图 10为本发明实施例一提供的一种将一条二维路径扩展成两条三维路径的示意图; 图 11为本发明实施例一提供的一种包含某地区的所有建筑物的二维几何信息的地 图;
图 12为基于图 11所示的地图,本发明实施例一提供的一种发射天线与接收点间的所 有二维射线路径示意图;
图 13为基于图 11所示的地图,本发明实施例一提供的一种发射天线与接收点间的所 有三维射线路径示意图;
图 14为本发明实施例一提供的一种街道 slater上仿真与实测的对比示意图; 图 15本发明实施例一提供的一种为街道 laurier上仿真与实测的对比示意图; 图 16为本发明实施例一提供的一种街道 queen上仿真与实测的对比示意图; 图 17为本发明实施例提供的一种射线传播特性的分析装置的具体实现结构图。 实施本发明的方式
实施例一
该实施例提供的一种电磁波传播特性的分析方法的处理流程如图 1所示,包括如下 的处理步骤:
步骤 11、根据预先存储的环境信息和发射源的位置,建立包括多级虚拟源的虚拟源 树。
步骤 12、 根据上述发射源和接收点的位置査询所述虚拟源树, 获取从所述发射源到 所述接收点的传播路径。
具体的, 上述传播路径可以为二维路径和三维路径。
步骤 13、 计算并合并每条传播路径上的电磁波到达接收点处的场强, 从而得到所述 接收点对应的场强。
进一步地, 根据上述接收点对应的场强可以计算出接收点对应的路径损耗。 由上述本发明实施例提供的技术方案可以看出,本发明实施例通过根据预先存储的 一定区域内的建筑物的二维几何信息等环境信息和发射源的位置, 建立了一种新型的二 叉树结构的包括多级虚拟源的新型的虚拟源树,根据上述虚拟源树可以建立较为准确的 传播模型, 从而可以有效地对电磁波的的传播路径、 场强等传播特性进行分析。 下面以上述电磁波为射线为例来说明本发明实施例。
具体的,上述步骤 11中的根据预先存储的一定区域内的建筑物的二维几何信息和发 射源的位置, 建立包括多级虚拟源的虚拟源树, 可以包括:
步骤 111、 获取一定区域内的所有建筑物的二维几何信息, 上述二维几何信息是对 建筑物投影到地面上的轮廓的描述, 该投影形成的轮廓为一多边形, 该多边形的顶点为 建筑物上垂直地面的墙角在地面上的投影, 故, 该多边形的顶点也称为建筑物的顶点。 按照传统数字地图中存放建筑物的二维几何信息的格式存储上述所有建筑物的二维几 何信息。
对上述存储的所有建筑物的二维几何信息进行优化处理, 去除掉嵌套在其它建筑物 内部的建筑物的二维几何信息, 建筑物的套嵌问题是由同一建筑上高度不同的部分在地 面上的投影所造成的, 该实施例提供的一种建筑物嵌套处理前的某地区中的所有建筑物 的二维几何信息如图 2 (a)所示, 建筑物嵌套处理后的某地区中的所有建筑物的二维几 何信息如图 2 (b) 所示。
本发明实施例设定逆时针顺序为每个建筑物顶点的标准存放顺序,基于此标准存储 顺序, 通过算法来识别每个建筑物顶点的存储顺序是否为上述标准存储顺序, 如果建筑 物的顶点顺序是顺时针存放的, 则将顶点顺序改成逆时针存放。
在实际应用中, 还可以设定顺时针顺序为每个建筑物顶点的标准存放顺序。 上述建 筑物嵌套处理可以在上述建筑物顶点的存放顺序调整处理之前或者之后进行。
步骤 112、 根据所述存储的建筑物的二维几何信息和发射源的位置, 找出和所述发 射源相关的可见墙面和可见的建筑物的墙角,根据所述可见墙面和可见的建筑物的墙角 获取各个级别的虚拟源, 建立包括多级虚拟源的虚拟源树。
上述虚拟源树的具体建立过程包括:
(a) 首先定义三类源: 第一类是发射源, 由发射天线形成; 第二类是由墙面反射 所产生的反射线, 由 IT ( Image Theory, 镜像原理) 可知, 这些反射线可以看作是一个 虚拟源一实际源的镜像所产生的, 称之为反射源; 第三类是由墙角发生绕射时所产生的 绕射线, 同样这些射线也可以看作是一个虚拟源一绕射源所产生的。 由于反射面有一定 大小, 边缘角有一定内角, 射线在经过反射 (绕射)后, 射线可能经过的区域就在一定 范围内, 这个范围就是进行射线跟踪的有效区域, 上述发射源的辐射范围如图 3a所示, 上述反射源的辐射范围如图 3b所示, 上述绕射源的辐射范围如图 3c所示。 其次, 在寻 迹过程中绕射损耗一般比反射损耗大, 所以在设置反、 绕射次数时有必要对射线路径及 路径上牵涉到的射线类型进行区别对待, 故引入类型权重的概念。 在仿真时, 反射的射 线类型权重值为 1, 绕射的射线类型权重值为 3。 同时, 设定每条射线路径上所允许最 大的反、 绕射的射线类型权重值总和为限制数, 这个限制数决定了虚拟源树的深度。
(b)找出发射源所有的可见墙面(此墙面经过遮挡测试后, 不可见的部分被裁剪 掉), 以及发射源可视的建筑物的墙角, 将发射源相对于上述可见墙面产生的镜像点作 为一级反射源, 将上述可见的建筑物的墙角作为一级绕射源, 将所述一级反射源和一级 绕射源称为一级虚拟源。
( c ) 找到一级虚拟源后, 对于一级虚拟源内所有一级反射源依次做如下操作: 在 产生一级反射源的可见面与该一级反射源所决定的反射范围内, 进行类似步骤 (b ) 的 操作, 即找出所有一级反射源的可见墙面和可见的建筑物的墙角, 将所述一级发射源相 对于可见墙面产生的镜像点作为二级反射源,将所述可见的建筑物的墙角作为二级绕射 源, 从而找出了所有一级反射源的所有下一级虚拟源。 对于一级虚拟源内所有一级绕射 源依次做如下操作: 将一级绕射源看作等效源, 找出一级绕射源的边缘可视区域内所有 的可见墙面和可见墙角,将所述一级绕射源相对于可见墙面产生的镜像点作为二级反射 源, 将所述可见的建筑物的墙角作为二级绕射源, 从而找出了所有一级绕射源的所有下 一级虚拟源, 这样就找出了所有的二级虚拟源。
依次类推, 就可以找出更高级的虚拟源, 直到有射线路径上所允许最大的反、 绕射 的射线类型权重值总和大于或者等于上述限制数。 然后, 把所有不同级别的虚拟源按照 二叉树形的结构进行存储, 构成所述虚拟源树。 该实施例提供的一种虚拟源树的结构示 意图如图 4所示, 在图 4中, 包括 5个一级、 二级虚拟源, 4个三级虚拟源。 在所述虚 拟源树中, 同级别的虚拟源并列排列, 每个低级别的虚拟源都和至少一个高级别的虚拟 源相连, 通过椭圆形圈在一起的同级虚拟源具有相同的上级虚拟源。
上述虚拟源树中的结点与其左子树的关系类似于 "父子"关系, 结点与右子树的关 系类似于 "兄弟"关系, 故上述虚拟源树是一种 "左儿子右兄弟"关系的二叉树结构。 对于上述虚拟源树同一劈的直棱上不同的绕射源而言, 其可见面、 可见墙角和可见 接收点是完全相同的, 因此在建立上述虚拟源树的过程中, 保存了绕射源的可见面、 可 见墙角和可见接收点的结果, 从而避免了同一绕射源的重复处理所带来的额外时间消 耗, 尤其是在需要大量预测点对整个微小区进行信号覆盖预测时, 这个效果会更明显。
在建立上述虚拟源树的过程中,利用限制数来控制每条射线路径上最大的反射和绕 射次数, 并考虑到绕射损耗相对于反射损耗较大的实际情况, 本发明实施例设置了绕射 后的最大传播距离(称之为绕射距离) 。 这两方面的设置有效地避免了对接收点的场强 贡献很弱的射线路径的搜索时间, 并且几乎不影响最后的预测精度。
具体的。 上述步骤 12中的根据接收点的位置査询所述虚拟源树, 获取从所述发射源 到所述接收点的二维路径的具体处理过程可以包括:
以图 5所示的简单环境的二维示意图为例, 该环境包含两个建筑物, 八个字母 a— h 代表墙角, 八个阿拉伯数字 1—8代表垂直地面的墙面, Tx代表发射源 (发射天线) , Rx 代表接收点, 在下面各图中的含义相同。 根据接收点的位置査询所述虚拟源树, 以此获 得所有从发射源到达接收点的二维路径的步骤如下:
步骤一: 根据图 5所示的二维环境, 依据发射源的位置建立如图 6所示的虚拟源树。 该虚拟源树只是计算到二级虚拟源, 当然了, 此树计算还可以得到更高级的虚拟源。 这 里需要说明的是,在建立树的过程与接收点位置无关,虚拟源树只和发射源的位置有关。
步骤二: 将包含图 5中接收点 Rx位置信息的结点加入到虚拟源树中, 在 Rx结点加入 时, 进行如下两个操作:
操作一:找出同级结点中最后一个结点,并在后面添加 Rx结点作为该结点的右子树。 操作二: 找出没有左子树的结点, 在该结点后面添加 Rx结点作为左子树。
以上两个操作完成后, 就得到添加 Rx结点的虚拟源树, 如图 7所示
步骤三: 对加入的 Rx结点进行有效性判断, 这里需要两个操作:
操作一: 对于添加到同级结点中最后一个结点后面的 Rx结点, 根据图 5所示的简单 环境的二维示意图, 判断接收点是否被该同级结点的同一个父结点直接可见 (没有遮 挡) , 如果是, 则该接收点有效。
操作二: 对于添加到没有左子树的结点后面的 Rx结点, 判断接收点是否被该结点直 接可见, 如果是, 则该接收点有效。
图 8中的箭头所指的接收点和结点 e同一个父结点是 d, 根据图 5所示的简单环境的二 维示意图, 将 d和接收点进行连线, 将遇到墙面 2的阻挡, 因此, 图 8中的箭头所指的接 收点是无效的。 依据上面的判断原则, 图 8中的其它接收点均有效。
步骤四: 从每个 Rx结点出发, 以此需找其父结点, 直到找到发射源, 这样的话就找 到了所有的有序结点链表, 根据图 8—共可以找到 20条有序结点链表。 得到的 20条有序 结点链表如下所示-
Rx— 2→h— Tx ; Rx→a— h— Tx ; Rx→b→h→Tx ; Rx→h→Tx; Rx— 5→a→Tx ;
Rx→ea→Tx ; RxhaTx ; Rx-*aTx ; Rx-*5→bTx ; Rx-*ebTx ;
Rxh-*bTx; Rx-*bTx ; Rxa-*e-"Tx ; Rx-*beTx ; Rx→e— -Tx ;
Rx→a5Tx ; Rx-*b5Tx ; Rx5Tx ; Rxed→Tx ; Rx→Tx. 步骤五: 在所有的有序链表中, 只需处理含有反射源类型的有序链表, 对于虚拟源 类型为反射源的结点,要用此反射源在对应面上的反射点坐标代替反射源结点中反射源 的位置坐标即可。 本实例中有六个有序结点链表需要进行处理, 这六个为:
Rx→2→h→Tx ; Rx— 5— a— Tx ; Rx→5→b— Τχ ; Rx-*a→5→Tx ; Rx— b→5→Tx ; Rx →5— Tx
处理后的六个有序结点链表后, 20个有序结点链表代表 20有效的从接收点到发射源 的二维路径 (如图 9所示) 具体的, 上述歩骤 13中的根据所述发射源和所述接收点的高度, 将所述二维路径转 换为三维路径, 包括:
根据所述发射源和接收点的高度,把每条二维路径扩展成一条有地面反射参与的三 维路径和一条无地面反射参与的三维路径;
所述有地面反射参与的三维路径中包括: 反射源和 /或绕射源、 地面反射点、 发射 源和接收点, 其中, 所述反射源和 /或绕射源、 地面反射点根据所述二维路径中包括的 反射源和 /绕射源的二维位置、 所述发射源与所述接收点的高度信息通过映射得到; 所述无地面反射参与的三维路径中包括反射源和 /或绕射源、 发射源和接收点, 其 中, 所述反射源和 /或绕射源根据所述二维路径中包括的反射源和 /绕射源的二维位置、 所述发射源与所述接收点的高度信息通过映射得到。
该实施例提供的一种将一条二维路径扩展成两条三维路径的示意图如图 10所示,在 图 10中, y方向代表相对于地面的高度, 将两条三维射线路径和一条二维路径都拉伸到 一个平面内。
在图 10中, 将发射源和接收点直接相连, 得到无地面反射的三维路径。 以接收点为起点, 作垂直于 X方向的向下的直线, 并且该直线的长度为所述接收点 的高度的两倍。 作发射源和该直线的另一个端点的连线, 该连线与 X方向的交点为地面 反射点, 作发射源、 地面反射点和接收点之间的连线, 得到有地面反射的三维路径。
针对二维路径上的每个反射点或者或绕射点作垂直于 X方向的向上的直线, 该直线 与上述无地面反射的三维路径或者有地面反射的三维路径的交点为上述二维路径上的 每个反射点或者或绕射点在相应三维路径上的映射点。
对所有的二维射线路径做同样的操作,就可以确定发射源和接收点间的所有三维射 线路径。
基于上述发射源和接收点间的所有三维射线路径, 可以计算出上述接收点对应的场 强, 具体计算过程如下:
计算出所述发射源发射的射线通过不经过任何地面反射、墙面反射和墙角绕射的三 维路径, 到达所述接收点时的场强^ :
ro 公式 1 上述公式 1中的所述 k为所述发射源发射的射线的波数, k=^, 1为所述发射源发 λ 射的射线的波长,所述 为所述发射源发射的射线的发射电场强度,所述 为所述发射 源到所述接收点的直射射线的传播路径长度;
计算出所述发射源发射的射线通过所述有地面反射参与的三维路径或无地面反射 参与的三维路径, 到达所述接收点时的场强 :
Ε
Figure imgf000010_0001
公式 2 上述公式 2中的所述 ""为所述发射源发射的射线到达所述三维路径上的第一个反 。
射点或绕射点时的强度, Einc = r0―,所述 η为所述发射源到所述三维路径上第一个 反射源对应墙面上的反射点或绕射源的直射射线的传播路径长度。
所述 n为所述三维路径中包括的反射源的数量,所述 m为所述三维路径中包括的绕射 源的数量, 所述 为第 i个反射源的并矢反射系数, 所述 D'为第 i个绕射源的并矢绕射 系数, 所述^ '为经过反射或绕射后的扩散因子, 所述 ^为第 i个反射源对应墙面上的反 射点或者绕射源到第 i+1个反射源对应墙面上的反射点或者绕射源的距离;
将达到所述接收点的所有三维路径上的射线的场强进行合并,得到所述接收点对应 的场强预测值 £'。'。'。合并所有三维路径上的射线的场强就是取每条三维路径上的射线的 场强与上述接收点的接收天线极化方向平行的分量, 再求和, 就得到了这一场点处的场 强预测值£'^, 其表达式为
I
'=ι 公式 3 上述公式 4中的 1为达到所述接收点的三维路径的总条数, 为第 i条三维路径上的 射线的场强在天线极化方向上的分量。 然后, 根据所述接收点对应的场强预测值 £'^, 计算得到所述接收点对应的路径损 耗 L:
Figure imgf000011_0001
公式 4 所述 1为所述发射源发射的射线的波数,所述 为所述发射源发射的射线的发射电 场强度。
该实施例提供的一种包含某地区的所有建筑物的二维几何信息的地图如图 11所示, 在图 11中, 包括 130个建筑物, 共 614个面, 其建筑物的高度至少三层楼高, 是一个 典型的室外微小区场景。 其有关的电参数设置为: 建筑物的相对介电常数 =9, 电导率 σ =0. 1 S/m; 地面的相对介电常数 =15, 电导率 σ =7 S/m。 发射天线放置在图 6中的 向下的箭头位置处, 髙度为 8. 5m, 辐射功率为 10w。
依据上述图 11 中的建筑物的二维几何信息和地面的电参数以及发射天线的位置, 就可以建立虚拟源树。 然后, 基于此虚拟源树就能找出发射天线到任一接收点的所有传 播路径。
图 12为发射天线与接收点间的所有二维射线路径(其限制数为 6)示意图, 接收天 线在图 12中名为 Slater、 Laurier和 Queen的三条街道上移动, 高度为 3. 65m。发射天 线和接收天线的参数设置为: 垂直单级天线, 工作频率为 910MHz, 水平方向的平均增益 为 1. 0dBi。对图 12所示的二维路径进行转化,就得到了图 13所示的发射天线与接收点 间的所有三维射线路径。 然后,合并通过所有三维射线路径到达接收点处的射线的场强就得到了接收点处的 场强预测值, 并进行路径损耗计算。 只要所选取的接收点足够多, 并应用本发明实施例 所提供的射线传播特性的分析方法, 就可以对不同街道或整个微小区进行覆盖预测: 图
14为街道 slater上仿真与实测的对比, 图 15为街道 laurier上仿真与实测的对比, 图 16为街道 queen上仿真与实测的对比。 由上述本发明的实施例提供的技术方案可以看出,本发明实施例通过根据预先存储 的一定区域内的建筑物的二维几何信息和发射源的位置,建立了一种新型的二叉树结构 的包括多级虚拟源的新型的虚拟源树, 根据上述虚拟源树可以建立较为准确的传播模 型, 从而可以有效地对射线传播路径等传播特性进行分析。
上述虚拟源树在体现同级虚拟源结点之间和不同级虚拟源结点之间的关系的同时, 其同级虚拟源结点都能访问上一级结点, 从而为快速确定射线路径提供方便。 上述虚拟 源树的建立与发、 收天线间所有射线路径的确定是同时进行的, 减少了遍历虚拟源树所 用的时间, 节约了存储所有射线路径所占的内存空间。 本发明实施例使用了环境信息特征的识别和优化处理技术, 该技术基于存储几何信 息的数据文件, 通过建筑物顶点的存储顺序的识别与修改, 实现了 RT算法的通用性。 同 时, 建筑物套嵌问题的解决以及几何信息的空间分区的预处理, 减少了算法运行时所处 理的数据量。 本发明实施例在建立上述虚拟源树的过程中, 通过对反、 绕射射线进行类型权重的 设置和对绕射距离的设定, 限制了上述虚拟源树的层数, 同时几乎没有影响最后的预测 精度, 很好的实现了计算精度和运算时间的折衷。 实施例二 本发明实施例还提供了一种电磁波传播特性的分析装置,其具体实现结构如图 17所 示, 具体可以包括:
虚拟源树建立模块 11, 用于根据预先存储的环境信息和发射源的位置, 建立包括多 级虚拟源的虚拟源树;
二维路径获取模块 12,用于根据所述发射源和接收点的位置查询所述虚拟源树建立 模块所建立的虚拟源树, 获取从所述发射源到所述接收点的传播路径;
场强计算模块 13, 用于计算并合并每条传播路径上的电磁波到达接收点处的场强, 从而得到所述接收点对应的场强。
具体而言, 所述的虚拟源树建立模块 11可以包括:
建筑物二维几何信息存储模块 111, 用于获取一定区域内的所有建筑物的二维几何 信息, 去除掉嵌套在其它建筑物内部的建筑物的二维几何信息, 将建筑物的二维几何信 息进行存储, 并且将建筑物的顶点按照设定的顺序进行存放;
虚拟源确定模块 112, 用于根据所述建筑物二维几何信息存储模块所存储的建筑物 的二维几何信息和发射源的位置, 找出和所述发射源相关的可见墙面和可见的建筑物的 墙角, 根据所述可见墙面和可见的建筑物的墙角获取各个级别的虚拟源, 建立包括多级 虚拟源的虚拟源树。
进一步地, 所述的虚拟源树确定模块 112可以包括:
一级虚拟源确定模块 1121,用于找出所述发射源的一个或者多个可见墙面和可见的 建筑物的墙角, 将所述发射源相对于可见墙面产生的镜像点作为一级反射源, 将所述可 见的建筑物的墙角作为一级绕射源, 将所述一级反射源和一级绕射源称为一级虚拟源; 多级虚拟源确定模块 1122,用于找出所有一级虚拟源的可见墙面和可见的建筑物的 墙角, 将所述一级虚拟源相对于一级虚拟源的可见墙面产生的镜像点作为二级反射源, 将所述一级虚拟源的可见的建筑物的墙角作为二级绕射源,将所述二级反射源和二级绕 射源称为二级虚拟源;
依次类推, 直到找出了设定数量的级别的反射源和绕射源, 将所述设定数量的级别 的反射源和绕射源称为设定数量的级别的虚拟源, 将每个虚拟源作为一个结点, 将所有 级别的结点按照树形的结构进行存储, 构成所述虚拟源树, 在所述虚拟源树中, 同级别 的结点并列排列, 每个低级别的结点都和至少一个高级别的结点相连。
具体而言, 所述的传播路径获取模块 12可以包括:
二维路径获取模块 121, 用于在每个同级结点中的最后一个结点的后面添加所述接 收点, 判断所述接收点是否被所述同级结点的同一个上级结点直接可见, 如果是, 则确 定添加的接收点有效, 并将添加的接收点作为同级结点; 在没有同级结点的结点的后面 添加所述接收点, 判断所述接收点是否被所述结点直接可见, 如果是, 则确定所述接收 点有效; 从每个有效的接收点出发寻找上级结点, 同一级别的结点的数量不能大于 1, 直到找到发射源, 得到从所述发射源到所述接收点的所有二维路径。
三维路径获取模块 122, 还用于把每条二维路径扩展成一条有地面反射参与的三维 路径和一条无地面反射参与的三维路径; 所述有地面反射参与的三维路径中包括: 反射源和 /或绕射源、 地面反射点、 发射 源和接收点, 其中, 所述反射源和 /或绕射源、 地面反射点根据所述二维路径中包括的 反射源和 /绕射源的二维位置、 所述发射源与所述接收点的高度信息通过映射得到; 所述无地面反射参与的三维路径中包括反射源和 /或绕射源、 发射源和接收点, 其 中, 所述反射源和 /或绕射源根据所述二维路径中包括的反射源和 /绕射源的二维位置、 所述发射源与所述接收点的高度信息通过映射得到。
具体而言, 所述的场强计算模块 13, 还用于计算出所述发射源发射的电磁波通过不 经过任何地面反射、 墙面反射和墙角绕射的三维路径到达所述接收点时的场强^;: 一
fo 所述 k为所述发射源发射的电磁波的波数, 所述 为所述发射源发射的电磁波的发 射电场强度, 所述 ^为所述发射源到所述接收点的直射电磁波的传播路径长度;
计算出所述发射源发射的电磁波通过所述有地面反射参与的三维路径或无地面反 射参与的三维路径, 到达所述接收点时的场强 :
Figure imgf000014_0001
所述 为所述发射源发射的电磁波到达所述三维路径上的第一个反射点或绕射 点时的强度, Einc = - ~,所述 ^为所述发射源到所述三维路径上第一个反射源对应 墙面上的反射点或绕射源的直射电磁波的传播路径长度。
所述 n为所述三维路径中包括的反射源的数量,所述 m为所述三维路径中包括的绕射 源的数量, 所述 为第 i个反射源的并矢反射系数, 所述 D '为第 i个绕射源的并矢绕射 系数, 所述^ '为经过反射或绕射后的扩散因子, 所述 ^为第 i个反射源对应墙面上的反 射点或者绕射源到第 i+1个反射源对应墙面上的反射点或者绕射源的距离;
将通过所有三维路径达到所述接收点的电磁波的场强进行合并,得到所述接收点对 应的场强预测值 £'。 。
进一步地, 所述的装置还可以包括: 路径损耗计算模块 14, 用于根据所述接收点对应的场强预测值 计算得到所述 接收 损耗
Figure imgf000015_0001
所述 1为所述发射源发射的电磁波的波数,所述" 1。为所述发射源发射的电磁波的发 射电场强度。 应用本发明实施例的装置进行负载控制的具体过程与前述方法实施例类似,此处不 再赘述。 本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程,是可以通 过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成,所述的程序可存储于一计算机可读取存储介质 中, 该程序在执行时, 可包括如上述各方法的实施例的流程。 其中, 所述的存储介质可 为磁碟、 光盘、 只读存储记忆体(Read- Only Memory, ROM)或随机存储记忆体(Random Access Memory, RAM) 等。 综上所述,本发明实施例通过根据预先存储的一定区域内的建筑物的二维几何信息 等环境信息和发射源的位置,建立了一种新型的二叉树结构的包括多级虚拟源的新型的 虚拟源树, 根据上述虚拟源树可以建立较为准确的传播模型, 从而可以有效地对电磁波 的传播路径、 场强等传播特性进行分析。
上述虚拟源树在体现同级虚拟源结点之间和不同级虚拟源结点之间的关系的同时, 其同级虚拟源结点都能访问上一级结点, 从而为快速确定射线路径提供方便。 上述虚拟 源树的建立与发、 收天线间所有射线路径的确定是同时进行的, 减少了遍历虚拟源树所 用的时间, 节约了存储所有射线路径所占的内存空间。 本发明实施例使用了环境信息特征的识别和优化处理技术,该技术基于存储几何信 息的数据文件, 通过建筑物顶点的存储顺序的识别与修改, 实现了 RT算法的通用性。 同 时, 建筑物套嵌问题的解决以及几何信息的空间分区的预处理, 减少了算法运行时所处 理的数据量。 本发明实施例在建立上述虚拟源树的过程中, 通过对反、绕射射线进行类型权重的 设置和对绕射距离的设定, 限制了上述虚拟源树的层数, 同时几乎没有影响最后的预测 精度, 很好的实现了计算精度和运算时间的折衷。 本发明实施例可以为 3G网络的网络规划及传播模型适应性评估,特别是室外微小区 电波模型预测和网络优化提供可靠的理论依据。 以上所述, 仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式, 但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此, 任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内, 可轻易想到的变化或替 换, 都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。 因此, 本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保 护范围为准。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种电磁波传播特性的分析方法, 其特征在于, 根据预先存储的环境信息和发 射源的位置, 建立包括多级虚拟源的虚拟源树, 所述方法具体包括 - 根据所述发射源和接收点的位置査询所述虚拟源树, 获取从所述发射源到所述接收 点的传播路径;
计算并合并每条传播路径上的电磁波到达接收点处的场强,从而得到所述接收点对 应的场强。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的电磁波传播特性的分析方法, 其特征在于, 所述的根据预 先存储的环境信息和发射源的位置, 建立包括多级虚拟源的虚拟源树, 包括:
获取一定区域内的所有建筑物的二维几何信息,去除掉嵌套在其它建筑物内部的建 筑物的二维几何信息, 将建筑物的二维几何信息进行存储, 并且将建筑物的顶点按照设 定的顺序进行存放;
根据所述存储的建筑物的二维几何信息和发射源的位置, 找出和所述发射源相关的 可见墙面和可见的建筑物的墙角,根据所述可见墙面和可见的建筑物的墙角获取各个级 别的虚拟源, 建立包括多级虚拟源的虚拟源树。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的电磁波传播特性的分析方法, 其特征在于, 所述的根据所 述存储的建筑物的二维几何信息和发射源的位置, 找出和所述发射源相关的可见墙面和 可见的建筑物的墙角, 根据所述可见墙面和可见的建筑物的墙角获取各个级别的虚拟 源, 建立包括多级虚拟源的虚拟源树, 包括:
找出所述发射源的一个或者多个可见墙面和可见的建筑物的墙角,将所述发射源相 对于可见墙面产生的镜像点作为一级反射源,将所述可见的建筑物的墙角作为一级绕射 源, 将所述一级反射源和一级绕射源称为一级虚拟源;
找出所有一级虚拟源的可见墙面和可见的建筑物的墙角,将所述一级虚拟源相对于 一级虚拟源的可见墙面产生的镜像点作为二级反射源,将所述一级虚拟源的可见的建筑 物的墙角作为二级绕射源, 将所述二级反射源和二级绕射源称为二级虚拟源;
依次类推, 直到找出了设定数量的级别的反射源和绕射源, 将所述设定数量的级别 的反射源和绕射源称为设定数量的级别的虚拟源, 将每个虚拟源作为一个结点, 将所有 级别的结点按照树形的结构进行存储, 构成所述虚拟源树, 在所述虚拟源树中, 同级别 的结点并列排列, 每个低级别的结点都和至少一个高级别的结点相连。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的电磁波传播特性的分析方法, 其特征在于, 所述的 根据接收点的位置查询所述虚拟源树, 获取从所述发射源到所述接收点的所有传播路 径, 包括:
在每个同级结点中的最后一个结点的后面添加所述接收点,根据所述存储的建筑物 的二维几何信息判断所述接收点是否被所述同级结点的同一个上级结点直接可见,如果 是, 则确定添加的接收点有效, 并将添加的接收点作为同级结点; 在没有同级结点的结 点的后面添加所述接收点,根据所述存储的建筑物的二维几何信息判断所述接收点是否 被所述结点直接可见, 如果是, 则确定所述接收点有效;
从每个有效的接收点出发寻找上级结点, 同一级别的结点的数量不能大于 1, 直到 找到发射源, 得到从所述发射源到所述接收点的所有二维路径。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的电磁波传播特性的分析方法, 其特征在于, 所述的根据所 述发射源和所述接收点的高度, 将所述二维路径转换为三维路径, 包括:
把每条二维路径扩展成一条有地面反射参与的三维路径和一条无地面反射参与的 三维路径;
所述有地面反射参与的三维路径中包括: 反射源和 /或绕射源、 地面反射点、 发射 源和接收点, 其中, 所述反射源和 /或绕射源、 地面反射点根据所述二维路径中包括的 反射源和 /绕射源的二维位置、 所述发射源与所述接收点的高度信息通过映射得到; 所述无地面反射参与的三维路径中包括反射源和 /或绕射源、 发射源和接收点, 其 中, 所述反射源和 /或绕射源根据所述二维路径中包括的反射源和 /绕射源的二维位置、 所述发射源与所述接收点的高度信息通过映射得到。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的电磁波传播特性的分析方法, 其特征在于, 所述的计算并 合并每条传播路径上的电磁波到达接收点处的场强,从而得到所述接收点对应的场强包 括:
计算出所述发射源发射的电磁波通过不经过任何地面反射、墙面反射和墙角绕射的 三维路径到达所述接收点时的场强 :
LOS ~
ro 所述 k为所述发射源发射的射线的波数, 所述^为所述发射源发射的射线的发射电 场强度, 所述 ^为所述发射源到所述接收点的直射射线的传播路径长度;
计算出所述发射源发射的电磁波通过所述有地面反射参与的三维路径或无地面反 射参与的三维路径, 到达所述接收点时的场强 :
Figure imgf000019_0001
所述^" 为所述发射源发射的电磁波到达所述三维路径上的第一个反射点或绕射 点时的强度, ^ = d,所述 为所述发射源到所述三维路径上第一个反射源对应 墙面上的反射点或绕射源的直射电磁波的传播路径长度。
所述 n为所述三维路径中包括的反射源的数量,所述 m为所述三维路径中包括的绕射 源的数量, 所述 为第 i个反射源的并矢反射系数, 所述 为第 i个绕射源的并矢绕射 系数, 所述 '为经过反射或绕射后的扩散因子, 所述 ^为第 i个反射源对应墙面上的反 射点或者绕射源到第 i+1个反射源对应墙面上的反射点或者绕射源的距离;
将通过所有三维路径达到所述接收点的电磁波的场强进行合并,得到所述接收点对 应的场强预测值 '。' 。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的电磁波传播特性的分析方法, 其特征在于, 所述的方法还 包括: 根据所述接收点对应的场强预测值 £'。w, 计算得到所述接收点对应的路径损耗 Z:
Figure imgf000019_0002
所述 为所述发射源发射的电磁波的波数,所述 £q为所述发射源发射的电磁波的发 射电场强度。
8、 一种电磁波传播特性的分析装置, 其特征在于, 包括:
虚拟源树建立模块, 用于根据预先存储的环境信息和发射源的位置, 建立包括多级 虚拟源的虚拟源树;
传播路径获取模块, 用于根据所述发射源和接收点的位置查询所述虚拟源树, 获取 从所述发射源到所述接收点的传播路径;
场强计算模块, 用于计算并合并每条传播路径上的电磁波到达接收点处的场强, 从 而得到所述接收点对应的场强。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的电磁波传播特性的分析装置, 其特征在于, 所述的虚拟源 树建立模块包括: 建筑物二维几何信息存储模块, 用于获取一定区域内的所有建筑物的二维几何信 息, 去除掉嵌套在其它建筑物内部的建筑物的二维几何信息, 将建筑物的二维几何信息 进行存储, 并且将建筑物的顶点按照设定的顺序进行存放;
虚拟源确定模块,用于根据所述建筑物二维几何信息存储模块所存储的建筑物的二 维几何信息和发射源的位置, 找出和所述发射源相关的可见墙面和可见的建筑物的墙 角, 根据所述可见墙面和可见的建筑物的墙角获取各个级别的虚拟源, 建立包括多级虚 拟源的虚拟源树。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的电磁波传播特性的分析装置, 其特征在于, 所述的虚拟 源树确定模块包括:
一级虚拟源确定模块, 用于找出所述发射源的一个或者多个可见墙面和可见的建筑 物的墙角, 将所述发射源相对于可见墙面产生的镜像点作为一级反射源, 将所述可见的 建筑物的墙角作为一级绕射源, 将所述一级反射源和一级绕射源称为一级虚拟源; 多级虚拟源确定模块, 用于找出所有一级虚拟源的可见墙面和可见的建筑物的墙 角, 将所述一级虚拟源相对于一级虚拟源的可见墙面产生的镜像点作为二级反射源, 将 所述一级虚拟源的可见的建筑物的墙角作为二级绕射源,将所述二级反射源和二级绕射 源称为二级虚拟源;
依次类推, 直到找出了设定数量的级别的反射源和绕射源, 将所述设定数量的级别 的反射源和绕射源称为设定数量的级别的虚拟源, 将每个虚拟源作为一个结点, 将所有 级别的结点按照树形的结构进行存储, 构成所述虚拟源树, 在所述虚拟源树中, 同级别 的结点并列排列, 每个低级别的结点都和至少一个高级别的结点相连。
11、 根据权利要求 8或 9或 10所述的电磁波传播特性的分析装置, 其特征在于, 所述 的传播路径获取模块包括:
二维路径获取模块, 用于在每个同级结点中的最后一个结点的后面添加所述接收 点,根据所述存储的建筑物的二维几何信息判断所述接收点是否被所述同级结点的同一 个上级结点直接可见, 如果是, 则确定添加的接收点有效, 并将添加的接收点作为同级 结点; 在没有同级结点的结点的后面添加所述接收点, 根据所述存储的建筑物的二维几 何信息判断所述接收点是否被所述结点直接可见, 如果是, 则确定所述接收点有效; 从 每个有效的接收点出发寻找上级结点, 同一级别的结点的数量不能大于 1 , 直到找到发 射源, 得到从所述发射源到所述接收点的所有二维路径;
三维路径获取模块,用于把每条二维路径扩展成一条有地面反射参与的三维路径和
1« 一条无地面反射参与的三维路径;
所述有地面反射参与的三维路径中包括: 反射源和 /或绕射源、 地面反射点、 发射 源和接收点, 其中, 所述反射源和 /或绕射源、 地面反射点根据所述二维路径中包括的 反射源和 /绕射源的二维位置、 所述发射源与所述接收点的高度信息通过映射得到; 所述无地面反射参与的三维路径中包括反射源和 /或绕射源、 发射源和接收点, 其 中, 所述反射源和 /或绕射源根据所述二维路径中包括的反射源和 /绕射源的二维位置、 所述发射源与所述接收点的高度信息通过映射得到。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的电磁波传播特性的分析装置, 其特征在于, 所述的场强 计算模块, 还用于计算出所述发射源发射的电磁波通过不经过任何地面反射、 墙面反射 和墙角绕射的三维路径到达所述接收点时的场强^ : ro 所述 k为所述发射源发射的电磁波的波数, 所述 为所述发射源发射的射线的发射 电场强度, 所述 为所述发射源到所述接收点的直射电磁波的传播路径长度;
计算出所述发射源发射的电磁波通过所述有地面反射参与的三维路径或无地面反 射参与的三维路径, 到达所述接收点时的场强 E :
Figure imgf000021_0001
所述 为所述发射源发射的电磁波到达所述三维路径上的第一个反射点或绕射 点时的强度, = 0^~ '所述 为所述发射源到所述三维路径上第一个反射源对应 墙面上的反射点或绕射源的直射电磁波的传播路径长度。
所述 n为所述三维路径中包括的反射源的数量,所述 m为所述三维路径中包括的绕射 源的数量, 所述 为第 i个反射源的并矢反射系数, 所述 D '为第 i个绕射源的并矢绕射 系数, 所述^ '为经过反射或绕射后的扩散因子, 所述 ^为第 i个反射源对应墙面上的反 射点或者绕射源到第 i+1个反射源对应墙面上的反射点或者绕射源的距离;
将通过所有三维路径达到所述接收点的电磁波的场强进行合并, 得到所述接收点对 应的场强预测值 。'。'。
13、 根据权利要求 12所述的电磁波传播特性的分析装置, 其特征在于, 所述的装置 还包括: 路径损耗计算模块, 用于根据所述接收点对应的场强预测值 '。'w, 计算得到所述接 收点 :
Figure imgf000022_0001
所述 A为所述发射源发射的电磁波的波数,所述 ^为所述发射源发射的电磁波的发 射电场强度。
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