WO2012156597A1 - Turbomachine à chambre de détonation et engin volant pourvu d'une telle turbomachine - Google Patents
Turbomachine à chambre de détonation et engin volant pourvu d'une telle turbomachine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012156597A1 WO2012156597A1 PCT/FR2012/000186 FR2012000186W WO2012156597A1 WO 2012156597 A1 WO2012156597 A1 WO 2012156597A1 FR 2012000186 W FR2012000186 W FR 2012000186W WO 2012156597 A1 WO2012156597 A1 WO 2012156597A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- detonation
- flow
- chamber
- turbomachine
- air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/14—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid characterised by the arrangement of the combustion chamber in the plant
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C5/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the working fluid being generated by intermittent combustion
- F02C5/02—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the working fluid being generated by intermittent combustion characterised by the arrangement of the combustion chamber in the chamber in the plant
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K7/00—Plants in which the working fluid is used in a jet only, i.e. the plants not having a turbine or other engine driving a compressor or a ducted fan; Control thereof
- F02K7/08—Plants in which the working fluid is used in a jet only, i.e. the plants not having a turbine or other engine driving a compressor or a ducted fan; Control thereof the jet being continuous
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/42—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
- F23R3/50—Combustion chambers comprising an annular flame tube within an annular casing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R7/00—Intermittent or explosive combustion chambers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
Definitions
- Turbomachine with detonation chamber and flying machine provided with such a turbomachine is provided with such a turbomachine.
- the present invention relates to a turbomachine chamber detonation, and a flying machine, in particular an aircraft, which is provided with such a turbomachine.
- the present invention relates to any type of turbomachine, such as a turbojet engine, a turboprop engine, a turbogenerator or a gas turbine, which usually comprises, in the direction of gas flow, a compressor a combustion chamber capable of generating a flow of hot gases from a mixture of air from a captured air stream and a fuel, and a turbine which is rotated by this gas flow hot and which drives said compressor, _
- a turbojet engine a turboprop engine
- a turbogenerator or a gas turbine which usually comprises, in the direction of gas flow, a compressor a combustion chamber capable of generating a flow of hot gases from a mixture of air from a captured air stream and a fuel, and a turbine which is rotated by this gas flow hot and which drives said compressor, _
- a turbomachine thus recuperates the heat energy of the gases from combustion readjusted in the combustion chamber through the turbine, in order to drive the compressor, as well as accessories that are necessary for the proper operation of the machine. (pumps, regulators, ).
- this combustion chamber which is intended to generate a flow of hot gases is, generally, a constant pressure combustion chamber.
- the present invention aims to improve such a turbomachine to, in particular, increase its efficiency.
- said turbomachine of the type comprising at least, in the direction of gas flow, a compressor, a chamber comprising means capable of generating hot gases from a mixture of air from of a captured airflow and a fuel, and a turbine that is driven in rotation by said hot gases and which drives said compressor
- said chamber comprises a continuous detonation wave motor, provided with an annular detonation chamber and associated means (injection system, means of initiation) for generating a continuous production of hot gases from a detonating mixture of fuel and air
- said continuous detonation wave motor is arranged to form, from said captured airflow, a first flow which enters said detonation chamber and which " is used by said engine and a second flow which bypasses it
- said turbomachine further comprises auxiliary means for mixing the hot gases from the detonation chamber with said second air flow before directing them to the turbine.
- turbomachine turbojet, turboprop, gas turbine, turbine generator
- a continuous detonation wave type motor specified below.
- part of the fresh air captured (incoming air) is diverted around the detonation chamber, in order to operate the latter at levels of richness sufficient to ensure stable operation and thermodynamic efficiency. optimal.
- this diverted (or derivative) air is mixed with the hot gases coming from the detonation chamber so as to limit the temperature of the gases that will drive the turbine.
- an ejector / mixer system which allows the dilution of the hot gases leaving the detonation chamber and which gives part of their momentum to the derived fresh air in order to obtain, over a distance relatively short, a gas mixture which has a temperature compatible with the holding of the turbine.
- a continuous detonation wave engine CDWE
- a hot gas generator which, as soon as it leaves the detonation chamber, forms a supersonic flow whose characteristics are relatively uniform.
- the detonation according to the present invention potentially has a yield of 15 to 25% higher than that of a constant pressure combustion.
- PDE pulsed detonation engine
- said turbomachine may furthermore comprise:
- a first additional compressor which is arranged downstream of said compressor so as to compress said second air flow
- a second additional compressor which is arranged downstream of said compressor and upstream of said detonation chamber so as to compress said first air flow before it enters the latter.
- This particular embodiment makes it possible in particular to ensure easier decoupling between the compressor and the detonation chamber of the turbomachine, in particular to prevent upwelling of detonation waves or compression waves to the compressor.
- said turbomachine may comprise a plurality of annular detonation chambers, such as the one mentioned above, which are arranged in a concentric manner. This makes it possible to create optimal operating conditions over a wide range of overall richness by fueling a greater or lesser number of these concentric chambers, and to limit the starting shock by distributing the ignition of each chamber over time.
- the turbomachine may advantageously comprise at least one cooling circuit of said detonation chamber in which fuel can be circulated before injection into the latter.
- said cooling circuit extends along at least one side wall of said detonation chamber over at least part of its length.
- turbomachine any type of turbomachine: turbojet, turboprop, turbine generator, gas turbine.
- turbojet any type of turbomachine: turbojet, turboprop, turbine generator, gas turbine.
- gas turbine any type of turbomachine: turbojet, turboprop, turbine generator, gas turbine.
- turbojet any type of turbomachine: turbojet, turboprop, turbine generator, gas turbine.
- gas turbine any type of turbomachine: turbojet, turboprop, turbine generator, gas turbine.
- gas turbine gas turbine
- said CDWE engine is arranged to act on said primary stream.
- the present invention also relates to a flying machine, in particular an aircraft, which is provided with at least one turbomachine such as that mentioned above.
- the present invention further relates to a power generation system which is installed on the ground, and which is provided with at least one such turbine engine.
- This single figure is a partial schematic sectional view of a turbine engine defined in general, to which the present invention is applied.
- the turbomachine 1 shown schematically and partially on the figure has an axis 2 and comprises, in the usual manner, in the direction 12 of gas flow, downstream of an air inlet (not shown), whose flow of captured air is illustrated by an arrow E:
- a chamber 4 capable of generating hot gases from a mixture of air coming from said captured airflow E and from a usual fuel
- turbomachine 1 one or more conventional turbines 5 which are rotated by said hot gases and which drive said one or more compressors 3, as well as usual accessories (not shown) which are necessary for the proper functioning of the turbomachine 1 (pumps, regulators,. ..); and
- said chamber 4 is provided with a continuous wave 6 detonation wave engine type CDWE ("Continuous Detonation Wave Engine” in English).
- This engine 6 comprises in particular an annular detonation chamber 7 which is arranged concentrically with respect to the axis 2, as well as associated means 8 and 9 (specified below) necessary for its operation, and it is capable of generating continuous production of hot gases from a detonating mixture of fuel and air;
- said continuous detonation wave motor 6 is arranged in said chamber 4 downstream of said compressor 3 so as to use a portion of the captured airflow E. More specifically, this arrangement makes it possible to form, from said air flow captured E:
- said turbine engine 1 furthermore comprises an ejector / mixer system 10 (not shown specifically) for mixing the hot gases (stream F3) coming from the detonation chamber 7 with said second air stream F2 before directing this mixture to the turbine 5 to drive it.
- the present invention provides for replacing on a turbomachine 1 (turbojet, turboprop, gas turbine, turbine generator) the usual hot gas generator, namely a combustion chamber at constant pressure, by a CDWE motor 6 of the wave type. continuous detonation.
- such a CDWE engine 6 comprises an annular chamber 7 in which a continuous production of hot gases from self-sustaining detonation waves is generated.
- an injection system 8 permanently injects fuel into the annular chamber 7. This fuel mixes with the fresh air of said stream F1 to form a detonating mixture.
- a detonation wave is then initiated in this detonation mixture by means of usual priming means 9 (wire to be exploded, pre-detonation tube, etc.). This wave propagates circumferentially within mixture "detonating charge, while the hot gases it produces are relaxed in the rest of the annular chamber 7.
- annular chamber 7 is thus obtained in which a series of circumferential detonation waves passing through at the frequency of several kHz (up to 30 kHz) produces hot gases which expand towards the open downstream end 1 4 of the chamber 7.
- a part F1 of the fresh air captured E is used so as to operate the engine 6 at levels of richness. sufficient to ensure stable operation and optimum thermodynamic efficiency.
- the ejector / mixer system 10 mixes the hot gases F3 from the detonation chamber 7 with said second flow F2 (cold air) so as to limit the temperature of the gases (mixture F2 and F3) which will result the turbine 5.
- This ejector / mixer system 10 is formed so as to allow the dilution of the hot gases F3 coming out of the detonation chamber 7 and to give part of their momentum to the fresh air F2 derived in order to obtain, over a relatively short distance, a mixture of gases which has a temperature compatible with the holding of the turbine 5.
- the detonation implemented by the engine 6 potentially has a yield of 15 to 25% greater than that of a constant pressure combustion.
- the injection system 8 injects the usual fuel separately from the air (F1 flow). There is therefore no provision for premix injection, which avoids any risk of ignition upstream of the detonation chamber 7.
- a storable fuel such as a liquid hydrocarbon
- this regenerative (or cooling) circuit in which fuel flows, extends along at least one side wall of said detonation chamber over at least a part of its length.
- said turbomachine 1 further comprises at least one additional compressor 1 1 (or booster) which is arranged downstream of said compressor 3 and upstream of said detonation chamber 7 (in the direction of flow 1 2) so as to compress said flow of air F1 before it enters the latter.
- said turbomachine 1 may further comprise at least one additional booster or compressor (not shown) which is arranged to act on said air stream F2 bypassing the detonation chamber 7.
- said turbomachine 1 may comprise a plurality (two or more) of motors 6 (such as the one mentioned above) and therefore a plurality of detonation chambers 7 which are arranged concentrically with respect to each other. to others, relative to axis 2. This allows in particular:
- the present invention can be applied to any type of turbomachine 1.
- it can be applied, as shown in the figure, to a turbomachine 1 of the single-flow type, comprising a single air flow E.
- said engine 6 and therefore said detonation chamber 7 are arranged so acting on said single stream E, as described above.
- the present invention can also be applied to a conventional turbomachine of the double flow type, comprising a primary flow and a secondary flow.
- a conventional turbomachine of the double flow type comprising a primary flow and a secondary flow.
- the precompressed air does not pass completely by the motor, "but a part (cold or primary flow stream) bypasses the by its periphery to the nozzle where it is ejected with the hot gases (stream
- said motor 6 and therefore said detonation chamber 7 are arranged to act solely on said primary flow.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| UAA201313619A UA115033C2 (uk) | 2011-05-16 | 2012-05-09 | Турбомашина, яка містить детонаційну камеру, та літальний апарат, оснащений такою турбомашиною |
| RU2013151841/06A RU2597735C2 (ru) | 2011-05-16 | 2012-05-09 | Турбомашина, содержащая детонационную камеру, и летательный аппарат, оснащенный такой турбомашиной |
| US14/116,001 US9556794B2 (en) | 2011-05-16 | 2012-05-09 | Turbine engine including a continuous wave detonation chamber and cooling bypass flow and aircraft provided with such a turbine engine |
| JP2014510850A JP5985613B2 (ja) | 2011-05-16 | 2012-05-09 | デトネーションチャンバを備えるターボ機関と、ターボ機関を装備した飛行車両 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1101483A FR2975434B1 (fr) | 2011-05-16 | 2011-05-16 | Turbomachine a chambre de detonation et engin volant pourvu d'une telle turbomachine |
| FR1101483 | 2011-05-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2012156597A1 true WO2012156597A1 (fr) | 2012-11-22 |
Family
ID=46062190
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2012/000186 Ceased WO2012156597A1 (fr) | 2011-05-16 | 2012-05-09 | Turbomachine à chambre de détonation et engin volant pourvu d'une telle turbomachine |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9556794B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2525062B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP5985613B2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2643041T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2975434B1 (fr) |
| PL (1) | PL2525062T3 (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2597735C2 (fr) |
| UA (1) | UA115033C2 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2012156597A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013112506B4 (de) * | 2013-10-09 | 2016-07-07 | Marco Grätzer | Mantelstromtriebwerk |
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| FR2975439B1 (fr) * | 2011-05-16 | 2013-07-05 | Mbda France | Statoreacteur a chambre de detonation, engin volant comprenant un tel statoreacteur |
| EP2971514B1 (fr) * | 2013-03-15 | 2020-07-22 | Rolls-Royce North American Technologies, Inc. | Moteur à combustion à détonations continues, et système associé |
| RU2595004C9 (ru) * | 2014-08-01 | 2017-03-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт гидродинамики им. М.А. Лаврентьева Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук | Способ детонационного сжигания топливных смесей и устройство для его осуществления |
| RU2595005C9 (ru) * | 2014-08-01 | 2017-03-02 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт гидродинамики им. М.А. Лаврентьева Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук | Способ сжигания топлива и детонационное устройство для его осуществления |
| FR3026827B1 (fr) * | 2014-10-01 | 2019-06-07 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Chambre de combustion de turbomachine |
| US20180080412A1 (en) | 2016-09-22 | 2018-03-22 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Systems, apparatuses and methods for improved rotating detonation engines |
| US10436110B2 (en) | 2017-03-27 | 2019-10-08 | United Technologies Corporation | Rotating detonation engine upstream wave arrestor |
| US20180274787A1 (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-09-27 | United Technollgies Corporation | Rotating detonation engine combustor wave reflector |
| US10627111B2 (en) | 2017-03-27 | 2020-04-21 | United Technologies Coproration | Rotating detonation engine multi-stage mixer |
| US10641169B2 (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2020-05-05 | General Electric Company | Hybrid combustor assembly and method of operation |
| US11674476B2 (en) | 2017-06-09 | 2023-06-13 | General Electric Company | Multiple chamber rotating detonation combustor |
| US10495001B2 (en) | 2017-06-15 | 2019-12-03 | General Electric Company | Combustion section heat transfer system for a propulsion system |
| RU2674172C1 (ru) * | 2017-07-11 | 2018-12-05 | Публичное акционерное общество "ОДК-Уфимское моторостроительное производственное объединение" (ПАО "ОДК-УМПО") | Турбореактивный двигатель и способ его работы |
| US10969107B2 (en) | 2017-09-15 | 2021-04-06 | General Electric Company | Turbine engine assembly including a rotating detonation combustor |
| US11536456B2 (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2022-12-27 | General Electric Company | Fuel and air injection handling system for a combustor of a rotating detonation engine |
| US11149954B2 (en) | 2017-10-27 | 2021-10-19 | General Electric Company | Multi-can annular rotating detonation combustor |
| US11486579B2 (en) | 2018-02-26 | 2022-11-01 | General Electric Company | Engine with rotating detonation combustion system |
| US11473780B2 (en) | 2018-02-26 | 2022-10-18 | General Electric Company | Engine with rotating detonation combustion system |
| US11320147B2 (en) | 2018-02-26 | 2022-05-03 | General Electric Company | Engine with rotating detonation combustion system |
| CN108708788B (zh) * | 2018-05-29 | 2021-07-02 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | 双燃烧室冲压发动机及高超声速飞行器 |
| US11359578B2 (en) | 2018-08-06 | 2022-06-14 | General Electric Company | Ramjet engine with rotating detonation combustion system and method for operation |
| CN109184950B (zh) * | 2018-09-25 | 2020-09-01 | 西北工业大学 | 一种低能量点火起始爆震波的装置 |
| US11092024B2 (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2021-08-17 | General Electric Company | Heat pipe in turbine engine |
| RU2750082C2 (ru) * | 2019-07-24 | 2021-06-22 | Борис Клавдиевич Никитин | Многокамерный газовоздушный импульсно-детонационный турбинный двигатель |
| US11255544B2 (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2022-02-22 | General Electric Company | Rotating detonation combustion and heat exchanger system |
| CN111207007A (zh) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-05-29 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心 | 一种封闭空间中斜爆震波驻定稳定性增强方法 |
| US11549465B1 (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2023-01-10 | Innoveering, LLC | Air breathing solid fuel rotating detonation engine |
| US11668241B2 (en) | 2021-06-17 | 2023-06-06 | General Electric Company | Methods of control for management of hot fuel |
| US11821366B2 (en) | 2021-06-17 | 2023-11-21 | General Electric Company | Methods of control for management of hot fuel |
| US20260009351A1 (en) * | 2024-05-22 | 2026-01-08 | Venus Aerospace Corp | Rotating detonation engine for power generation |
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-
2011
- 2011-05-16 FR FR1101483A patent/FR2975434B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-05-09 PL PL12290159T patent/PL2525062T3/pl unknown
- 2012-05-09 WO PCT/FR2012/000186 patent/WO2012156597A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2012-05-09 EP EP12290159.8A patent/EP2525062B1/fr active Active
- 2012-05-09 UA UAA201313619A patent/UA115033C2/uk unknown
- 2012-05-09 US US14/116,001 patent/US9556794B2/en active Active
- 2012-05-09 JP JP2014510850A patent/JP5985613B2/ja active Active
- 2012-05-09 ES ES12290159.8T patent/ES2643041T3/es active Active
- 2012-05-09 RU RU2013151841/06A patent/RU2597735C2/ru active
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1069217A (en) * | 1965-03-29 | 1967-05-17 | Rolls Royce | Improvements relating to engines |
| US20090193786A1 (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-06 | General Electric Company | System And Method Of Continuous Detonation In A Gas Turbine Engine |
| US20100050592A1 (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2010-03-04 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Continuous Detonation Wave Engine |
| WO2011037597A1 (fr) * | 2009-09-23 | 2011-03-31 | Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne, Inc. | Système et procédé de combustion destinés à entretenir une onde de détonation continue avec plasma transitoire |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013112506B4 (de) * | 2013-10-09 | 2016-07-07 | Marco Grätzer | Mantelstromtriebwerk |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2525062A1 (fr) | 2012-11-21 |
| RU2013151841A (ru) | 2015-06-27 |
| FR2975434B1 (fr) | 2015-08-14 |
| US9556794B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 |
| UA115033C2 (uk) | 2017-09-11 |
| JP5985613B2 (ja) | 2016-09-06 |
| PL2525062T3 (pl) | 2018-01-31 |
| US20140245714A1 (en) | 2014-09-04 |
| FR2975434A1 (fr) | 2012-11-23 |
| JP2014517194A (ja) | 2014-07-17 |
| EP2525062B1 (fr) | 2017-07-19 |
| RU2597735C2 (ru) | 2016-09-20 |
| ES2643041T3 (es) | 2017-11-21 |
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