WO2012146847A1 - Procédé et dispositif de production de géotextile non tissé et géotextile ainsi produit - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de production de géotextile non tissé et géotextile ainsi produit Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012146847A1
WO2012146847A1 PCT/FR2012/050488 FR2012050488W WO2012146847A1 WO 2012146847 A1 WO2012146847 A1 WO 2012146847A1 FR 2012050488 W FR2012050488 W FR 2012050488W WO 2012146847 A1 WO2012146847 A1 WO 2012146847A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plant
stems
web
plants
crushed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2012/050488
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Frédéric ROURE
Original Assignee
Géco Ingénierie
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Géco Ingénierie filed Critical Géco Ingénierie
Priority to PL12713217T priority Critical patent/PL2683865T3/pl
Priority to ES12713217.3T priority patent/ES2538329T3/es
Priority to CA2829251A priority patent/CA2829251C/fr
Priority to US14/003,930 priority patent/US20130344759A1/en
Priority to EP12713217.3A priority patent/EP2683865B1/fr
Publication of WO2012146847A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012146847A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
    • D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4266—Natural fibres not provided for in group D04H1/425
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/492—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/74—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being orientated, e.g. in parallel (anisotropic fleeces)
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H5/00—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H5/02—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling
    • D04H5/03—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling by fluid jet
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2008—Fabric composed of a fiber or strand which is of specific structural definition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/608—Including strand or fiber material which is of specific structural definition
    • Y10T442/609—Cross-sectional configuration of strand or fiber material is specified

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for producing non-woven geotextile and a geotextile thus produced, especially based on long plant fibers mechanically bonded.
  • Biodegradable geotextiles are usually made in three ways:
  • the present invention aims to remedy all or part of these disadvantages.
  • a nonwoven geotextile comprising:
  • stems and fragments of stems being interwoven by mechanical bonds produced by splashing water.
  • the present invention relates to a device for producing a non-woven geotextile, which comprises:
  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a nonwoven geotextile, which comprises
  • a geotextile is created which has mechanical characteristics similar to, or even superior to, those of known geotextiles at a lower cost. Indeed, by eliminating the transformation of plants, upstream of the constitution of the sheet, it reduces the complexity of the implementation. In addition, the labor required is limited and manufacturing can be highly automated.
  • said plants comprise hemp.
  • the stems, fragments of stems and plant fibers are coated with earth.
  • the earth comprises clay.
  • the means for disposing plants in a web of plant fibers comprises means for crushing and / or carding plants.
  • the means for disposing plants in a layer of plant fibers comprises a means for orienting the fibers in at least two different orientations, under the action of vibration of a support, or by crossing of supply routes.
  • the means for disposing plants in plant fiber web comprises a device for incorporating ropes or cables parallel to the longest length of the sheet intended to serve as guides.
  • ropes or cables may be of vegetable origin or other, in particular plastic or metallic.
  • the means for disposing plants in a sheet of plant fibers comprises a means of uniformizing the thickness of the sheet of plant fibers.
  • the device which is the subject of the invention comprises a means of coating the web of plant fibers with soil.
  • the means for coating the sheet of plant fibers is adapted to coat the sheet of plant fibers with clay-containing soil.
  • the method of the invention comprises a step of coating the web of plant fibers with soil.
  • the sheet of vegetable fibers is coated with clay-containing soil.
  • FIG. 1 is a developed view of the device that is the subject of the present invention, in a particular embodiment,
  • FIG. 2 represents, in the form of a logic diagram, the steps implemented in a particular embodiment of the device that is the subject of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 represents, schematically, a sheet of rods, fragments of rods and fibers before splashing water
  • FIG. 4 represents, schematically, a sheet of rods, fragments of rods and fibers before splashing water and
  • FIG. 5 shows, schematically and in section, a drain made on the basis of a geotextile object of the present invention. Presentation of at least one embodiment
  • FIG. 1 shows a device 105 for producing a geotextile 110.
  • the device 105 comprises
  • a means 170 for coating the sheet 125 optionally, a means 170 for coating the sheet 125.
  • Plants are introduced at the inlet 140 of the device 105.
  • the means 115 for arranging the plants constitutes a web illustrated in FIG. 3, stems of crushed plants of a diameter greater than five millimeters, fragments of plant stems and raw plant fibers partially attached to said crushed stems.
  • the means 115 for disposing plants comprises, in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1:
  • a means 140 for entering raw plants in the form of large plants, typically rods measuring up to 2.5 m,
  • a means 160 for standardizing the thickness of the web 125 of vegetable fibers also called compaction and lapping.
  • the plants used include hemp.
  • the hemp is combined with stems of other plants to produce a nonwoven geotextile but having a shorter shelf life and faster biodegradability.
  • a geotextile is, for example, suitable for seasonal market gardening.
  • the means 155 for orienting the fibers in at least two different orientations acts by vibrating a support of the sheet 125 (the orientation means 155 comprises, for example a vibrating corrugated sheet, which distributes the fibers evenly in different directions) or by crossing supply paths.
  • the compaction and lapping means 160 consists of crushing rollers.
  • the means 115 for plants in a sheet of plant fibers comprises a device for incorporating ropes or cables, parallel to the longest length of the sheet intended to serve as guides, after the means 160.
  • guides can be introduced into the thickness of the sheet 125.
  • This means 165 operates by spraying water under pressure. Specifically, several ramps of high pressure jets perforate and / or crush parts of the rods by partially defibrating. In addition, fine materials "stick” and / or adsorb the various fine elements.
  • the finished geotextile 110 is rolled or in semi-rigid plates.
  • the geotextile thus produced can then be treated according to the uses.
  • the device 105 is particularly intended for the manufacture of non-woven geotextiles for use in substitution for the products used for "mulch” and, in particular, the replacement of coconut fiber fabrics or jute soaked by non-woven fabrics based on hemp.
  • a coating with earth may be provided.
  • a coating with earth containing clay in particular made of pure clay, makes it possible to form a waterproof geotextile.
  • a geotextile may form a protection against the penetration of water into a building or a drain, such as the drain illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • Coating can be done by projection or impregnation or by crushing of rendered soil. furniture.
  • FIG. 2 shows that, in a particular embodiment of the process which is the subject of the present invention, during a step 205, plant inputs are introduced in the form of large plants, typically stems. measuring up to 2.5 m.
  • the plants are crushed to form a sheet of crushed plant stems with a diameter greater than five millimeters, fragments of plant stems and raw vegetable fibers partially attached to said crushed stems.
  • the rods and / or the fibers are oriented in a manner, in different directions.
  • the thickness of the sheet of fibers is uniform.
  • fibers or ropes are incorporated into the fibers. parallel to the long length of the fiber web.
  • mechanical bonds are created between the fibers of the sheet, in the thickness of the sheet, by spraying water under pressure on the plant fibers or, alternatively, with a multi-stitching machine. needles (needling).
  • a nonwoven geotextile is created which has mechanical characteristics similar to, or even superior to, those of known geotextiles at a lower cost.
  • this geotextile can be coated, in particular with earth, for example based on clay.
  • FIG. 3 shows, in a sheet 125, crushed raw stems 305, with a diameter greater than five millimeters, small raw stems and fragments of stems 310
  • the vegetable fibers are, for a part of them, attached to the crushed stems.
  • FIG. 4 shows, in a nonwoven geotextile 110, crushed raw stems
  • the geotextile object of the present invention has a weight of 200 to 5000 g / m 2 , and preferably between 400 and 1000 g / m 2 .
  • FIG. 5 shows a 405 nonwoven geotextile coated with clay 410 to form a drain, here covered with stones 415.
  • Geotextile 405 provides the structure and the clay
  • the stones 415 retain the geotextile and avoid rapid clogging of the drain with leaves, for example.
  • the drained water thus flows around the stones on the clay layer 410 coating the geotextile 405.
  • a second layer of geotextile that is the subject of the present invention 420 is positioned above the first, to maintain the intermediate elements.
  • the upper layer serves to maintain the clay between the two layers.
  • the geotextile layer 420 is less coarse than the geotextile layer 405.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
PCT/FR2012/050488 2011-03-08 2012-03-08 Procédé et dispositif de production de géotextile non tissé et géotextile ainsi produit WO2012146847A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL12713217T PL2683865T3 (pl) 2011-03-08 2012-03-08 Sposób produkcji i urządzenie do produkcji geowłókniny nietkanej oraz geowłóknina produkowana tym sposobem
ES12713217.3T ES2538329T3 (es) 2011-03-08 2012-03-08 Procedimiento y dispositivo de producción de geotextil no tejido y geotextil así producido
CA2829251A CA2829251C (fr) 2011-03-08 2012-03-08 Procede et dispositif de production de geotextile non tisse et geotextile ainsi produit
US14/003,930 US20130344759A1 (en) 2011-03-08 2012-03-08 Method and device for producing a nonwoven geotextile, and geotextile thus produced
EP12713217.3A EP2683865B1 (fr) 2011-03-08 2012-03-08 Procédé et dispositif de production de géotextile non tissé et géotextile ainsi produit

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1151902A FR2972462B1 (fr) 2011-03-08 2011-03-08 Procede et dispositif de production de geotextile non tisse et geotextile ainsi produit
FR1151902 2011-03-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012146847A1 true WO2012146847A1 (fr) 2012-11-01

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/FR2012/050488 WO2012146847A1 (fr) 2011-03-08 2012-03-08 Procédé et dispositif de production de géotextile non tissé et géotextile ainsi produit

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20130344759A1 (es)
EP (1) EP2683865B1 (es)
CA (1) CA2829251C (es)
ES (1) ES2538329T3 (es)
FR (1) FR2972462B1 (es)
PL (1) PL2683865T3 (es)
WO (1) WO2012146847A1 (es)

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FR3022268B1 (fr) * 2014-06-11 2018-09-14 Geco Ingenierie Dispositif de retention de solides, procedes de fabrication et de fixation d'un tel dispositif
EP3171687B1 (fr) * 2014-07-23 2022-06-22 Geco Groupe Dispositif et procédé de curage d'un cours d'eau ou d'un plan d'eau, poche pour matière végétale et procédé de stockage de matière végétale
FR3039175B1 (fr) * 2015-07-20 2017-08-18 Soletanche Freyssinet Materiau de construction composite renforce
JP7027282B2 (ja) * 2018-08-30 2022-03-01 東興ジオテック株式会社 法面吹付緑化工法及び植生基材
DE102018123477A1 (de) * 2018-09-24 2020-03-26 Geobrugg Ag Schutzvorrichtung, Böschungssicherung sowie Verwendung und Verfahren zu einer Herstellung der Schutzvorrichtung
DE202019101498U1 (de) 2019-03-15 2020-06-19 Naue Gmbh & Co. Kg Geomaterialbahn mit biologischen Abbaueigenschaften
EP3708357A1 (de) 2019-03-15 2020-09-16 Naue GmbH & Co. KG Geomaterialbahn mit biologischen abbaueigenschaften

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WO2001066845A1 (de) * 2000-03-07 2001-09-13 Vliestec Ag Textiles flächengebilde aus naturfasern
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2771118A (en) * 1952-08-28 1956-11-20 Bobkowicz Emilian Method and apparatus for making unwoven fabric from bast fibers
WO1991008332A1 (en) * 1989-11-30 1991-06-13 Dansk Hørindustri A/S A plate of flax fibre felt
WO1998001611A1 (en) * 1996-06-27 1998-01-15 Oy Scanwoven Ab Fibre product, method and apparatus for manufacturing a fibre product
WO2001066845A1 (de) * 2000-03-07 2001-09-13 Vliestec Ag Textiles flächengebilde aus naturfasern
EP1424418A1 (de) * 2002-11-27 2004-06-02 Polyfelt Gesellschaft m.b.H. Strukturierte Geotextilien und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
DE20315017U1 (de) * 2003-09-22 2003-12-11 Sommer, Klaus, 15366 Münchehofe Fluidstrahlverfestigter textiler Flächenbelag aus dikotylen Stengelfasern, monokotylen Blattfasern und oder tierischen Fasern für insbesondere Fußbodenbeläge
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20130344759A1 (en) 2013-12-26
FR2972462A1 (fr) 2012-09-14
ES2538329T3 (es) 2015-06-19
FR2972462B1 (fr) 2013-03-08
EP2683865B1 (fr) 2015-03-04
CA2829251C (fr) 2018-08-14
EP2683865A1 (fr) 2014-01-15
CA2829251A1 (fr) 2012-11-01
PL2683865T3 (pl) 2015-08-31

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