WO2012146781A2

WO2012146781A2 - Process for generating electrical, kinetic and thermal energy from air-water mixtures and also for separating the molecular components

Info

Publication number: WO2012146781A2
Application number: PCT/EP2012/057912
Authority: WO
Inventors: Vladimir Romanov; Anatoly Epishin; Wolfgang Sass
Original assignee: Enumax Technology Ag
Priority date: 2011-04-28
Filing date: 2012-04-30
Publication date: 2012-11-01
Also published as: DE102011017726A1; WO2012146781A3; WO2012146782A1

Abstract

A method for generating useable electrical, kinetic and thermal energy from media such as from air-water mixtures, and also for separating the molecular components of the medium. A process with which the components of the medium, for example air/water mixtures in specific mixing ratios, are influenced and changed in a device by mechanical influence, in particular by passage through special nozzle elements, and also optionally magnetic influence of the medium and/or influence of the medium by electrical high-voltage pulses, in such a manner that the inherent energy of these components of the medium and also the molecular bond forces can be made utilizable, more precisely in particular for direct generation of utilizable electrical, thermal and kinetic energy, and also for separating the molecular components of the medium, such as, for example, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, in the case of air-water mixtures.

Description

Process for the production of electrical, kinetic and

thermal energy from air-water mixtures and to

Separation of the molecular components

1. Description of the invention

The method is used to generate electrical, kinetic and thermal energy from media, especially air-water mixtures, as well as the separation of the molecular components of these media and is thus attributable to the fields of alternative energy and energy technology. Background of the invention

Various methods for generating electrical energy are known. These are largely dependent on non-renewable fossil fuels such as crude oil, rely on specific locations or environmental factors such as photovoltaics and wind energy or associated with significant risks such as radioactivity. In addition, many of the known methods associated with complex manufacturing and work processes that lead to a suboptimal energy balance in the overall consideration, such as taking into account the energy consumption in the production of photovoltaic systems or the currently known electrolysis and comparable processes for the production of hydrogen, for example Use in fuel cells.

Furthermore, various processes for the production of hydrogen are known. Predominantly, the production of hydrogen by means of electrolysis. Disadvantages are, above all, the necessary high energy expenditure in the electrolysis and the problems with respect to the infrastructure, in particular storage and transport and the associated costs as well as the implicit risks such as explosion hazards.

Summary of the invention

The invention is defined and characterized in the main claims, while the dependent claims describe further features of the invention.

The purpose of the invention is to generate as easily as possible site-independent and also decentralized direct energy, in particular usable electrical energy, through readily available starting media.

Another purpose is to produce hydrogen as a climate and environmentally friendly energy sources with the lowest possible energy consumption. In principle, direct and decentralized production on site should be possible in order to minimize difficulties and risks, especially in terms of infrastructure, logistics and security aspects.

The technical task was to build a plant that could harness the intrinsic energy of connecting media, especially water and air structures in media. Another task was to break down molecular binding structures of such media and thus to enable a separation of its molecular constituents.

In addition, devices have been constructed to the plant, through which the media supply, preferably air-water mixtures and thus an air and / or water supply, can be controlled as well as those that a technically safe removal of separated molecular components of the medium, in particular of hydrogen , as well as electrical, kinetic and thermal energy. By means of the method, the components of media such as air / water mixtures in specific mixing ratios, in a device by mechanical influence, in particular by conduction through special nozzle elements, and optionally also magnetic influence of the medium and / or influencing the medium by electrical high voltage pulses in the way influences and changes that the immanent energy of these components / the molecular binding forces are made usable and / or molecular Bindings can be broken, in particular for the direct generation of electrical, thermal and kinetic energy, as well as for the separation of molecular components of the media, in particular for the production of hydrogen.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS These and other features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention and an alternative embodiment thereof, given non-limiting examples and in which reference is made to the following drawings.

FIG. 1: Construction of the system and its mode of operation

1. Feed unit for medium with compressor (Fig.1 / 1)

2nd nozzle element (Fig.l / Il)

3. Magnet unit (Fig.l / Ill)

4. Electrical storage unit (Fig.l / IV)

5. Electric pulse generator (Fig.l / V)

6. electrode unit (Fig.l / Vl)

7. Gas extraction unit (Fig.l / Vll)

8. Acceptance unit for electrical energy (Fig.l / Vlll)

9. Generator unit (Fig.l / IX - IXa and IXb)

10. Generator unit - turbine (Fig.l / IXa)

11. Generator unit - generator (Fig.1 / IXb)

12. Heat exchanger / condenser (Fig.l / X) 13. exit unit for residual medium (Fig.l / Xl)

connectors:

Connector A (connection of electric storage unit and electric generator) Connector Bl (connection of unit of removal of electric power and electric storage unit)

Connector B2 (connection generator unit and electrical storage unit)

Figure 2: Magnetic and electrical influence of the medium

1st flow channel (Fig.2 / 1)

2nd magnet unit (Fig.2 / 11)

3. Electroimput generator (Fig.2 / 111)

4. electrode unit (Ftg.2 / IV)

Figure 3: Ausfürungsbeispiel

1. Electrical storage unit (Fig.3 / 1)

2. Electric pulse generator (Fig.3 / 11)

3. Water supply unit (Fig.3 / ill - purple to lllc)

4. Water supply unit - water supply channel (Fig.3 / Illa)

5. Water supply unit - control unit (Ffg.3 / 1 IIb)

6. Water Supply Unit - Water Channel (Flg.3 / 11 Ic)

7. Air supply unit (Fig.3 / IV - IVa to IVd)

8. Air supply unit - air supply duct (Fig.3 / IVa)

9. Air supply unit - air treatment unit (Fig.3 / IVb)

10. Air supply unit - control unit (Fig.3 / iVc)

11. Air supply unit - air duct (Fig.3 / IVd)

12. Air-water turbulence unit (Fig.3 / V)

13. Air-water swirl unit - mixing tank (Fig.3 / Va)

14. Air-water turbulence unit - drive unit (Fig.3 / Vb)

15. Energy converter (Fig.3 / Vl)

16. Energy converter - nozzle element (Fig.3 / Vll) 17. Energy converter - agneteinheit (Fig.3 / Vlll)

18. Energy converter - electrode unit (Fig.3 / IX)

19. Energy converter - gas extraction unit (Fig.3 / X)

20. Energy converter - acceptance unit for electrical energy (Fig.3 / Xl)

21. Energy converter - turbine (Fig.3 / Xlla)

22. Energy converter - generator (Fig.3 / Xllb)

23. Energy converter - heat exchanger / condenser (Fig.3 / XIII)

24. Exit unit for residual medium (Fig.3 / XIV)

connectors:

Connector AI (connection of electrical storage unit and electric pulse generator) Connector A2 (connection of electrical storage unit and drive unit) Connector Bl (connection of acceptance unit for electrical energy and

electric storage unit)

Connector B2 (connection generator unit and electric storage unit) Detailed Description of a Preferred Embodiment

At the beginning of the process, a specific air-water mixture, which preferably has saturation levels of 50-100% and is ideally in an ionized or partially ionized state, is supplied to the system as a volume flow (V - Fig.l). This is done via a not described in detail, the prior art, integrated or external conveyor unit / compressor, in the sketch (Figure 1) shown as a feed unit for the medium with compressor, with feed [Fig.1 / 1].

The flowing medium is first strongly accelerated in the continuously tapering flow channel in the nozzle element [Fig.1 / 11] and achieves high flow velocities, preferably close to the speed of sound and also beyond that, at greatly reduced static pressure (negative pressure), preferably with p <500 mbar absolutely. During this process, media components begin to cavitate. Cavitation effects are generated and molecular compounds broken up and plasma is formed. This process also leads to a "cold" separation of the molecular components of the medium, in particular of hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms in air-water mixtures.

The ionized gas mixture (plasma) treated in this way is replaced by the magnet unit [Fig.l / Ill; Fig.2 / 11], whereby the specific magnetic field [cf. Fig.2] Focus and align ions and electrons.

In the immediately following electrode unit [Fig.l / Vl; Fig.2 / IV], the gas mixture is intense high-frequency pulsating, from the electric pulse generator [Fig.l / V; Fig. 2 / Ill] generated, high voltage discharges, preferably with U> 20 kV exposed. This further destruction of the original molecular bonds.

The magnet unit as well as the electrode unit are each optional and each serve to amplify the effect and optimize the decomposition and alignment of the media stream. Due to the influence of the magnet unit [Fig.l / Ill; Fig.2 / 11] generated directional magnetic fields and the electrical discharges at the electrodes [Fig.l / Vl; Fig.2 / IV] it comes to the continued splitting of the medium and alignment of its constituents and for further charge separation (free electrons / ions) and thus to increased plasma formation.

Optionally, the media stream may be passed before or after the nozzle member through additional magnetic or electrode units to enhance the effect and to optimize the result.

After this process, the medium is largely in a highly ionized state (plasma) and contains, depending on the amount of water / the water content of the medium and other positively charged hydrogen atoms / ions in large quantities. These positively charged hydrogen atoms are optionally collected via a cathodically oriented gas extraction unit [Fig.l / Vll] and discharged useful. The rest of the highly ionized medium (plasma) falls after a sudden expansion of the cross-section of the flow channel in the optional electrical energy removal unit [Fig.l / VIll], now slower flowing and under higher pressure, forming a solid state of pulsed electromagnetic fields in a non-ionized state back.

The electric power take-off unit [Fig.l / VIll] contains coil-like windings which are suitable for converting the resulting electromagnetic fields, by means of induction, into a usable electric coil current. This useful electrical current is supplied to the electrical storage unit [Fig.l / IV] via a suitable converter / regulator, which is not described in more detail here and corresponds to the state of the art.

The kinetic energy of the medium present at the exit from the electrical energy acceptance unit [FIG. 1] is converted into shaft power in the turbine [FIG. 1 / IXa] of the optional generator unit [FIG. 1 / IXa-IXb], which serves to drive the generator [Fig.l / IXb]. The electrical power of the generator [Fig.l / IXb] obtained is also supplied to the electrical storage unit [Fig.l / IV] via a suitable, not described in detail, converter / regulator.

The thermal residual energy of the media stream can optionally be condensed out in an atmospheric open heat exchanger / condenser [FIG. 1 / X], wherein the heat quantity can be supplied, for example, to a thermodynamic use.

The remaining medium is led out of the system as a volume flow {V - Fig.l, V ₂ ) via the outlet unit for residual medium [Fig.l / Xl].

The excess recovered electrical work is available in the electrical storage unit [Fig.l / IV] for acceptance and external use. The entire process is controlled by means of a higher-level control unit.

The generated electrical energy, which is made available via the electrical storage unit [Fig.l / IV], in turn, optionally for the supply of any need be used in electrical energy within the system, in particular the electric pulse generator [Fig.l / V] and control / regulating units, so that in addition to suitable media flow no further external energy must be fed into the system and this then runs self-sufficient , Variant:

By means of the embodiment variant described below, which is shown in FIG. 3, the effectiveness can be increased by a specific pretreatment of the medium.

The system is initially started by a power source [Fig.3 / 1], for example battery or mains connection.

The drive unit [Fig.3 / Vb] of the air-water swirling unit [Fig.3 / V] is driven by a high-speed motor.

By means of the air supply unit (Fig.3 / IVa to IVb) air is introduced into the system. Air enters the air-water turbulence unit [Fig.3 / V] via the air duct [Fig.3 / IVc]; Optionally, the air is previously passed through the air supply duct [Fig.3 / IVa] through an air treatment unit [Fig.3 / IVb] and pretreated before it is fed to the air-water swirling unit [Fig.3 / V]. The air in the air treatment unit [Fig.l / IVb] can be pretreated to optimize the process with specific electrical pulses of the electric pulse generator [Fig.3 / 11]; Pretreatment enhances the effectiveness of the system.

Water is introduced into the system by means of the water supply unit [Fig.3 / Illa to IIIc]. Air enters the air-water swirling unit [Fig.3 / V] via the water supply channel [Fig.3 / Illa].

The air and water supply and the specific mixing ratio are controlled via the control / regulation units [Fig.3 / Illb and IVc] and then via the air duct [Fig.3 / IVd] and the water channel [Fig.3 / Illc] in FIG the air-water Verwirbelungseinheit [Fig.3 / V] out. Depending on the type of application and execution, the system can be operated both with air, using its inherent moisture, as well as with a specific air-water mixture. The water supply unit is optional. In the drive unit [Fig.3 / Vb] is a disc or alternatively an impeller. Due to the high rotational speeds of the disk driven by the motor or of the impeller of the drive unit [Fig.3 / Vb], a rapidly rotating air vortex is generated in the mixing container [Fig.3 / Va]. In the mixing container [Fig.l / Va], the swirling air is then optionally increasingly enriched with water when water is added (increase in the degree of moisture).

In the upper part of the air-water turbulence unit [Fig.3 / V] there is a massive pressure drop in the air-water vortex. The high velocity of the medium in combination with the low absolute pressure (negative pressure) generates first cavitation effects and physical changes of the medium (in particular ionization / plasma formation).

These changes at the molecular / atomic level are accompanied by currents of free electrons.

The drive unit [Ftg.3 / Vb] conveys the medium into the energy converter unit [Fig.3 / Vl]. There, the flowing medium is first strongly accelerated in the continuously tapering flow channel in the nozzle element [Fig.3 / VII] and achieves high flow velocities, close to the speed of sound and also beyond, at greatly reduced static pressure (negative pressure). In the process, media components begin to cavitate. The ionized gas mixture (plasma) treated in this way is replaced by the magnet unit [Fig.3 / VIII]; Fig.2 / 11], whereby the specific magnetic field [cf. Fig.2] Focus and align ions and electrons. In the immediately following electrode unit [Fig.3 / IX; Fig.2 / tV] is the gas mixture intensive high-frequency pulsating, from the electric pulse generator [Fig.3 / 11; Fig.2 / 111] generated, exposed to discharges. This further destruction of the original molecular bonds. The magnet unit as well as the electrode unit are each optional and each serve to amplify the effect and optimize the decomposition and alignment of the media stream. Due to the influence of the magnet unit [Fig.3 / VIII; Fig. 2/1!] Generated directional magnetic fields and the electrical discharges to the electrodes [Fig.3 / IX; Fig.2 / IV] it comes to the continued splitting of the medium and alignment of its constituents and further charge separation (free electrons / ions) and thus to increased plasma formation.

Optionally, the media stream (largely plasma) can be passed before or after the nozzle element through further magnetic or electrode units in order to enhance the effect and to optimize the result. After this process, the medium is largely in a highly ionized state (plasma) and contains, depending on the amount of water / the water content of the medium u.a. positively charged hydrogen atoms / ions in large quantities. These positively charged hydrogen atoms are optionally collected via a cathodically oriented gas extraction unit [Fig.3 / Xj and usefully removed.

The remaining highly ionized medium falls after a sudden expansion of the cross section of the flow channel in the optional unit of electrical energy decrease [Figure 3 / Xl], now slower flowing and under higher pressure, forming a solid state of pulsed electromagnetic fields in a non-ionized state.

In the electric power take-off unit [FIG. 3 / XI], there are coil-like windings which are suitable for the resulting electromagnetic fields optionally by induction into a usable electric coil current to convert. This useful electrical current is supplied to the electrical storage unit [FIG. 3/1] via a suitable converter / regulator (not described here in detail). The existing kinetic energy of the medium is converted in the turbine [Fig.3 / Xlla] of the optional generator unit [Fig.3 / Xlla, XI 1 b] in shaft power, which serves to drive the generator [Fig.3 / Xilb] , The obtained electrical power of the generator [Fig.3 / Xl lb] is also supplied to the electrical storage unit [Fig.3 / 1] via a suitable, not described in detail, converter / regulator. The thermal residual energy of the medium stream can optionally be condensed out in an atmosphere-open heat exchanger / condenser [FIG. 3 / XIII], wherein the heat quantity can be supplied, for example, to a thermodynamic use.

The remaining medium is led out of the system as a volume flow (V - Fig.3, V) via the outlet unit for residual medium [Fig.3 / XIV]. The excess recovered electrical energy is available in the electrical storage unit [Fig.3 / 1] for acceptance and external use. The entire process is controlled by means of a higher-level control unit.

The generated electrical energy, which is made available via the electrical storage unit [FIG. 3/1], can in turn optionally be used to supply the potential demand for electrical energy within the system, in particular for the drive unit [FIG. 3 / Vb], the electric pulse generator [Fig.3 / 11] and control / regulating units, are used, so that in addition to the air-water mixture / medium no further external energy needs to be fed into the system and this then runs self-sufficient.

The residues of the medium which have been discharged from the system via the outlet unit for residual medium [FIG. 3 / XIV] and which have not been consumed during the process and can still be used, may optionally be present as part of the specific air / water mixture via the air / Wasserzuführeinheiten [Fig.3 / 111, IV] is introduced into the system, the process can be fed back with.

Claims

1. A method for the direct generation of electrical, kinetic and / or thermal energy from a medium, for example an air-water mixture, and for the separation of the molecular components of this medium, characterized in that a medium, in particular air-water mixtures, in a fully or fully ionized state, enters a nozzle unit at high speed and is accelerated at the inlet of the nozzle unit to a flow velocity near the speed of sound or higher while reducing the pressure to a low static pressure (vacuum) of less than 500 mbar at the outlet of the nozzle unit, the flow rate is reduced at a constant mass flow and increasing volume flow and a plasma formation of the medium is increased.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ionized media stream, for example, a wholly or partially ionized air-water mixture, is bundled and directed in a magnet unit.

3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that broken by high-frequency pulsating electric high-voltage discharges, preferably with U> 20 kV, molecular compounds in a whole or ionized media stream, for example, a wholly or partially ionized air-water mixture become.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a flowing medium, for example, a wholly or partially ionized air-water mixture is caused by abrupt cross-sectional enlargement of the flow channel for emitting electromagnetic fields.

Apparatus for the removal of, preferably by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, made usable gases, in which from a wholly or partially ionized media stream, for example, a wholly or partially ionized air-water mixture, molecular and / or atomic hydrogen by a cathodically poled acceptance unit can be removed with one or more outlet channels.

Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the immanent kinetic energy of a, preferably by means of processes according to claims 1 to 5 generated and accelerated, ion gas flow (plasma) can be made usable by a subsequently arranged turbine, preferably for the production of electrical Energy by means of a generator unit according to the prior art.

Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the immanente residual thermal energy of a ion gas flow (plasma) can be made usable by means of a subsequent heat exchanger / a subsequent condensation unit; ideally, by utilizing the thermal residual energy of the medium released by the process by directing the flow of media through a heat exchanger / condenser so as to use the residual thermal energy to convert into usable electrical energy via heat exchangers and / or heat secondary energy and thus heat energy other systems for direct or indirect use of heat energy.

Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that an ion gas flow (plasma stream) in a subsequent arrangement of coil, turbine and heat exchanger electrical, kinetic and thermal energy can be withdrawn.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the system for direct or indirect (for example via turbine / generator units, heat exchanger units, etc.) recovery of electrical energy, an ion current (plasma stream), in particular partially or fully ionized air Water mixtures, is supplied continuously or discontinuously and the system works energetically self-sufficient after a start-up of a maximum of a few minutes (ie an energy self-sufficiency of the process) and excess energy can be usefully dissipated.

10. An apparatus for the direct generation of electrical, kinetic and / or thermal energy from a medium such as a wholly or partially ionized air-water mixture, and for the separation of the molecular components of this medium, characterized in that a wholly or partially from electrical conductive material, preferably metal, manufactured nozzle element is cathodically poled / oriented and the

Channel cross-section of the nozzle member to the outlet opening at least corresponds to the diameter of the channel cross-section to the inlet opening.

11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that at the output an abrupt change in cross section to at least 1.2 times, preferably 1.2 to 2 times, the input cross section of

Nozzle element takes place.

12. Apparatus for bundling and aligning a media stream, for example a completely or partially ionized air-water mixture, characterized in that two or more magnets, preferably with a magnetic flux density B> 300 mT, opposite polarity and respectively opposite or fan-shaped around a flow channel are arranged through which a stream of media, preferably a plasma stream, is passed.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the magnets with their repulsive forces of an annular, alternatively also different, shaped body of magnetically conductive material, preferably ferro-steel, are enclosed.

14. A device for generating usable electrical energy from a media stream, for example a wholly or partially ionized air-water mixture, characterized in that an electromagnetic fields emitting ion gas (plasma) by an electrically non-conductive material (dielectric), preferably plastic, produced flow channel flows and can be removed by an enveloping wrap (coil) usable electrical energy by induction.

15. Device according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that subsequently arranged a low-pressure turbine, which operates at low pressure and high volume, is attached.

16. Device according to one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that at the end of the respective unit a backflow generating cross-sectional constriction of the flow channel takes place.