WO2012143076A1 - Dispositif de rayonnement pour un matériau composite fibreux - Google Patents

Dispositif de rayonnement pour un matériau composite fibreux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012143076A1
WO2012143076A1 PCT/EP2012/001267 EP2012001267W WO2012143076A1 WO 2012143076 A1 WO2012143076 A1 WO 2012143076A1 EP 2012001267 W EP2012001267 W EP 2012001267W WO 2012143076 A1 WO2012143076 A1 WO 2012143076A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
yarn
composite
radiation source
temperature
yarns
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2012/001267
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Sven Linow
Original Assignee
Heraeus Noblelight Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Heraeus Noblelight Gmbh filed Critical Heraeus Noblelight Gmbh
Priority to EP12714946.6A priority Critical patent/EP2699721A1/fr
Priority to US14/111,875 priority patent/US20140044965A1/en
Priority to CN201280018742.6A priority patent/CN103620102A/zh
Publication of WO2012143076A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012143076A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04C—BRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
    • D04C3/00—Braiding or lacing machines
    • D04C3/48—Auxiliary devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/22—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two dimensional structure
    • B29C70/222—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two dimensional structure the structure being shaped to form a three dimensional configuration
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/07—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments otherwise than in a plane, e.g. in a tubular way
    • D04H3/073—Hollow cylinder shaped
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/12—Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement
    • F16L9/127—Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement the walls consisting of a single layer
    • F16L9/128—Reinforced pipes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0822—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using IR radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/56—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally
    • B29C53/58—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically
    • B29C53/581—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically using sheets or strips consisting principally of plastics material
    • B29C53/582—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically using sheets or strips consisting principally of plastics material comprising reinforcements, e.g. wires, threads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D23/00—Producing tubular articles
    • B29D23/001—Pipes; Pipe joints
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00—Industrial
    • D10B2505/02—Reinforcing materials; Prepregs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to a device for producing a composite, to a process for producing a composite and to a composite obtainable by this process.
  • the invention serves to optimize the treatment of yarns during the composite manufacturing process by means of radiation.
  • thermoplastic molding compositions based on thermoplastics are produced using an electrically insulating, thermally conductive filler and a further thermally and electrically conductive filler. These partially insulating thermoplastics and the electrically conductive thermoplastics must be assembled in a composite to obtain their respective properties and thus serve for the purpose of a well-insulated electrical conductor.
  • the use of carbon fibers to reinforce thermoplastics into composite materials is described in EP-A-1 988 118. Again, a heating of the already contacted fibers is described by contact heat.
  • DE-A-10 2009 034 767 is concerned with organic sheet structural components, which consist partly of structurally reinforcing plastics and thermoplastics. These materials are also manufactured as composite materials.
  • DE-A-10 2005 027 879 describes the production of a fiber composite material from a matrix and a circular braid embedded in the matrix.
  • Hybrid yarns for example, which are processed with other synthetic fibers, carbon fibers or glass fibers to form a kink-resistant fiber composite material are used for producing the round braid.
  • the composites obtainable from the processes known from the prior art are still in need of improvement in terms of their material properties. In addition, the efficiency of these processes should be improved. Thus, the composites produced by the processes of the prior art usually have a homogeneity that is to be improved.
  • an object of the invention is to improve the adhesion of the individual layers of the composite.
  • an object of the invention is to reduce the formation of gas bubbles in the superposition of the layers to be processed to the composite according to the invention.
  • a uniform as possible composite with a smooth surface should be obtained.
  • an object of the invention is to provide as efficiently as possible a composite with as few defects as possible. description
  • the invention relates to a device including:
  • a holding area comprising a first holder for a first yarn and at least one further holder for at least one further yarn
  • At least one radiation source is provided between the mounting area and the contact area.
  • the device serves to bring a first and at least one further yarn into contact with one another in such a way that a fiber composite or a fiber composite precursor, also called composite precursor, is formed.
  • the composite precursor can be further processed into a fiber composite, which is also referred to as a fiber composite material or fiber composite material.
  • the yarn also referred to as fiber or fabric, can be made of any material that would be selected by the skilled person to form a fiber composite material.
  • carbon, glass, ceramic or plastic materials for example in the form of fibers, or combinations thereof may be used as the starting component.
  • hybrid yarns can be used which already contain more than one starting component.
  • Preferred hybrid yarns include plastic as well as glass or carbon or a combination of the two.
  • the yarns or fibers may have inorganic or organic additives to increase or decrease, for example, electrical conductivity or thermal conductivity of the composite material.
  • the plastic materials preferably present as fibers may be thermoplastics or thermosetting plastics or a combination thereof.
  • the plastic materials are preferably selected from the group consisting of polyamides (PA), polybutyl terephthlate (PBT), polyesters, polyester amides, polycarbonates (PC), polyethylene (PE), polyether ketones (PEK), polyacrylonitriles (PN), polyolefins, polyimides (PI), polyurethanes (PU) rubber and aramids, as well as at least two of them.
  • the materials are selected from the group consisting of polypropylene (PP), poly (bis-benzimidazo-benzophenanthroline) (BBB), poly (amide-imides) (PAI), polybenzimidazole (PBI), poly (p-phenylenebenzo -bisoxazole) (PBO), poly (p-) phenylenebenzo-bisthiazole) (PBT), polyetherketone (PEK), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetheretherketone ketone (PEEKK), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyetherimides (PEI), Polyethersulfone (PESU), poly (m-phenylene-isophthalamide) (PMIA), poly (m-phenylene-terephthalamide) (PMTA), poly (p-phenylene-isophthalamide) (PPIA), poly (p-phenylene-is
  • the different properties of the materials in the composite can be combined.
  • the heat resistance of a composite can be positively influenced by the appropriate choice of a plastic, while the introduction of carbon can affect the electrical conductivity or tensile strength and tensile strength.
  • the composite precursor which is preferably in the form of a profile
  • the composite precursor can be consolidated, ie solidified.
  • this consolidation occurs by heating the composite precursor.
  • temperatures are often in a range of 180 to 380 ° C, preferably in a range of 200 to 300 ° C, and more preferably in a range of 210 to 270 ° C.
  • temperatures they are above the softening temperature of the plastics, but still below the temperature at which decomposition of the plastics would already be observed during the period of consolidation. Consolidation can also be done under pressure.
  • pressures are often in a range of 100 mbar to 30 bar, preferably in a range of 200 mbar to 20 bar and particularly preferably in a range of 250 mbar to 10 bar.
  • the yarn or the fabric may have various shapes. If it is a non-woven or otherwise processed yarn, it may preferably be a thread-like structure, which may preferably have a length in the range of 1 to 100 kilometers.
  • the individual filaments, filaments or fibers of the yarn preferably have a thickness in a range from 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, and preferably in a range from 1.1 to 15 ⁇ m.
  • the yarn may preferably have a thickness in a range of 0.05 mm to 10 mm, preferably in a range of 0.1 to 5 mm, more preferably in a range of 1 to 3 mm.
  • this may preferably have a basis weight in the range of 50 g / m 2 to 5,000 g / m 2 , preferably in a range of 100 to 1000 g / m 2 and particularly preferably in a range of 100 to 200 g / m 2 .
  • the first yarn or the at least one further yarn can also already be presented in a woven, braided or knitted state, as well as a unidirectional tape on the holder.
  • the woven, braided or knitted structure may have been produced by processing fibers of different starting materials.
  • the starting materials may be the materials already mentioned for the yarns and any conceivable combination thereof.
  • these tapes may preferably have a basis weight in the range of 50 g / m 2 to 5,000 g / m 2 , preferably in a range of 100 to 1000 g / m 2 and more preferably in a range of 100 to 200 g / m 2 .
  • the first yarn and the at least one further yarn are mounted on a holder.
  • the yarns are wound on the support to be easily accessible during the processing of the yarns by simply unrolling them.
  • the brackets are designed, for example, as rods, for example in the form of a bobbin or bobbin, around which the yarn is wound. If the yarn is already in a woven, braided or knitted state, the holder has, for example, a planar structure in the form of a shelf.
  • the holder may be any material suitable for use in the device.
  • the holder is made of wood or plastic, but it can also be made of metal or a ceramic. Their dimensions are adapted to the dimensions of the device.
  • the length of the rod-shaped holder for example, in a range of
  • the diameter of the rod-shaped holder may for example be in a range of 1 to 100 mm, preferably in a range of 5 to 50 mm, particularly preferably in a range of 10 to 40 mm.
  • the first and at least one further holder together form a holding region of the device. If the device has a housing, then the mounting area can be arranged inside but also outside the housing.
  • the brackets may be at least partially surrounded by a bracket housing. This support housing, for example, shield radiation from the radiation source in front of the yarn on the holder, for example, to prevent premature aging of the yarn.
  • the holding area is preferably designed such that it makes the yarn accessible in the device unhindered.
  • the holding area should be so far away from the radiation source and the contact area that the yarn on the holder can not be prematurely loaded, for example by radiation, temperature, pressure or impurities.
  • the holding area should also not be too far away.
  • the device also has a contact area.
  • This contact area serves for contacting the first yarn and the at least one further yarn, which, as already mentioned, can also be present as a woven fabric.
  • the contact region is designed such that at least one of the yarns can be pulled into it.
  • the contact region may, for example, have a length extension in a range of 0.1 mm to 10 m, preferably in a range of 0.5 mm to 1 m, particularly preferably in a range of 1 mm to 30 cm.
  • the elongation was usually based on the size of the area in which the yarns, fabrics or tapes are brought together and processed into the pre-bond by looping such as braiding, crocheting, laying or knitting at least two of the yarns, fabrics or tapes.
  • the contact region may have a guide for at least one of the yarns, usually in the form of a preferably elongated recess.
  • the length dimension depends on the yarn used. For example, if it is a non-woven yarn having a thickness in a range of 0.1 to 10 mm, the length extent of the contact area is a few millimeters to 10 cm. However, if it is already woven yarns so the contact area can be several meters. In this expansion area of the contact area, the at least two yarns meet.
  • the contact area is within the housing or within an opening of the housing when the device has a housing. Through the opening in the housing of the resulting composite or the composite precursor is passed out of the device in order then possibly to be subjected to further process steps.
  • the contact area can be different in size and geometry be designed as long as it allows contacting of at least the first yarn and at least one of the at least one further yarn.
  • the contact area for individualized yarns may be in the range of a few, preferably in a range of 1 to 10,000 cm 3, and more preferably in a range of 10 to 500 cm 3 .
  • the contact area can also be several cubic meters.
  • the first yarn may be made of the same material as the at least one other yarn. Alternatively, the first yarn may be made of a different material than the at least one other yarn.
  • one of the yarns may already be in an already woven, braided or knitted state. Again, the first yarn or at least one of the at least one other yarn or all the yarns that are contacted in the contact area may have been passed through the radiation area of the radiation source.
  • the device furthermore has at least one radiation source, which is provided between the holder region and the contact region.
  • the yarn is preferably guided from the holder in the holder area past the radiation source to the contact area. In this case, it is heated by the radiation of the radiation source and contacted in the contact region with at least one further yarn.
  • the further yarn can also be guided past the radiation source, but it can also be guided directly from the further holder without preheating to the contact region. In this way, a part of the yarns can be preheated and another part of the yarns not preheated in the contact area can be introduced. It is inventively preferred that at least a portion of the yarns are uniformly preheated by the radiation source over its cross section.
  • a deviation from the target temperature in Celsius of less than 5% is preferably understood, this corresponds to a preheating of 200 ° C according to the invention a deviation of ⁇ 10 ° C. Deviations less than ⁇ 5 ° C from the target temperature are preferred, and ⁇ 2 ° C is particularly preferred.
  • the radiation source can be any radiation source known to the person skilled in the art, which makes it possible to cause a temperature increase in its environment.
  • This can be a radiation source that emits radiation in the visible but also in the non-visible area.
  • This is preferably electromagnetic radiation, preferably thermal radiation or infrared radiation.
  • the at least one radiation source can emit radiation in a wavelength range from 200 nm to 1 mm, preferably in a wavelength range from 500 nm to 20 ⁇ m, particularly preferably in a wavelength range from 780 nm to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the radiation source can also be a plurality of radiators, which can preferably be arranged in different geometries relative to one another. together They form the radiation area of the device.
  • a homogeneously heated radiation area is generated within the device by the radiation source. It is furthermore preferred to carry out at least part of the yarns through this homogeneously heated radiation area. Thus, the most uniform possible heating of the yarns can be achieved.
  • the device may additionally comprise a housing which surrounds at least parts of the device.
  • at least the radiation source can be surrounded by a housing in order not to radiate the radiation into the environment.
  • at least one of the holders or the contact area can also be located in the housing.
  • the housing is adapted in its dimensions to the previously described parts that it can accommodate.
  • the housing may have a volume in a range of 1 to 50,000 l, preferably in a range of 10 to 20,000 l, more preferably in a range of 100 to 10,000 l.
  • the housing is made of a material that is not changed in its shape and function by the radiation. These may be, for example, heat-resistant plastics or metal.
  • tempering units preferably ventilating devices, for example in the form of fans, which are intended to prevent overheating of the device, may be located in the housing.
  • At least one of the at least one radiation source is an infrared radiator.
  • An infrared radiator emits electromagnetic waves in a wavelength range of 700 to 20,000 nm, preferably in a range of 1,000 to 10,000 nm, more preferably in a range of 1,500 to 2,000 nm.
  • Thermal infrared radiators are characterized in particular by the wavelength at which the maximum spectral emission takes place. This peak wavelength is directly related to the temperature of the emitting surface.
  • at least one of the at least one radiation source has a power in a range from 1 to 100 W / cm, preferably in a range from 2 to 50 W / cm, more preferably in a range of 5 to 20 W / cm, based on the length of the radiator.
  • At least one of the at least one radiation source is annular.
  • a plurality of elongate radiators may be arranged in a ring or a radiator may be designed as a ring.
  • the cross section of the cone facing the holding area is larger than the cross section of the cone facing the contact area.
  • a yarn line extending through the first yarn between the support region and the contact region lies within a ring formed by the annular radiation source.
  • the mounting portion is movable relative to the contact area.
  • the first and the at least one further holder move about an axis passing through the contact region, wherein preferably the holders execute a rotational movement about this axis.
  • the holding area is preferably movable relative to the radiation source.
  • the radiation source it is preferable for the radiation source to be rigid and the holding region and preferably the holders for the radiation source to be movable. The movable arrangement of the holding area to the contact area ensures that the tension on the yarn, when processed in the device, can not become so great that the yarn becomes too thin or breaks. In addition, this movement contributes to a uniform as possible heating of the yarns.
  • At least one reflector is provided between the mounting area and the contact area.
  • the at least one reflector can be arranged parallel to the orientation of the radiation source. It is also possible for a plurality of reflectors to be arranged around the radiation source such that the radiation region is heated homogeneously. This is particularly preferred in a conical arrangement of radiation source and reflectors. Thus, reflectors can be located inside or outside the cone, which reflect the radiation of the radiation source back into the radiation area.
  • the at least one reflector can also consist of any material that is suitable for the reflection of electromagnetic waves. These are mainly metallic surfaces.
  • the at least one reflector may have a metallic surface selected from the group consisting of aluminum, iron, in particular steel, silver, gold and copper or at least two thereof.
  • the surface of the reflector is made of aluminum.
  • the reflectors can serve, on the one hand, to heat the radiation area homogeneously and, on the other hand, to use the energy of the radiation source efficiently.
  • the reflector is specular or diffusely reflective. Specular reflective surfaces are preferably blank, polished or lapped. As diffuse reflecting surfaces come in addition to the above Materials, preferably in sandblasted or Glasgeperlter surface structure and ceramic reflectors in question.
  • the contact region comprises a yarn draw device or a yarn draw device follows the contact region or both.
  • the yarn draw device can be configured differently, depending on which shape or shape the yarn or fabric has.
  • the yarn draw device can, for example, be configured in the form of a pair of pliers which pull the precursor composite material formed at the contact region out of the contact region.
  • An alternative embodiment of the yarn draw means may be tapes or rollers which enclose the resulting composite or precursor composite material and pull the material away from the contact area by moving the rollers or belts. This type of movement is known from the known in the art pultrusion, the application of which is regulated for example in the standard EN 13706-1: 2002.
  • the yarn or tissue Due to the pulling movement of the yarn, the yarn or tissue is moved, preferably uniformly, from the holder to the contact region. If it is a yarn or fabric which is to be heated before being contacted, the yarn or fabric is automatically guided past the radiation source on the way from the holder to the contact region.
  • the yarn pulling device pulls the yarn or fabric, for example at a speed in a range of 1 mm / min to 100 m / min, preferably in a range of 10 mm / min to 10 m / min, particularly preferably in a range of 10 cm / min to 5 m / min. It may also be provided in the device according to the invention that at least two groups of mounting and contact areas follow one another with a radiation area provided between the two.
  • a yarn draw device can follow at least one contact region. Therefore, the Garnyak noise can move not only the gran or tape directly but also via a pre-bond or composite indirectly. If fabrics such as scrim, knitted fabric, fabrics or tapes are used according to the invention, they can be moved by the yarn tensioning device comparable.
  • the contact region has a shaped body.
  • the shaped body can take any shape that is suitable to receive the at least two yarns and preferably also to lead.
  • the molded body can accommodate at least the first and at least one of the at least one further yarn together.
  • This may be, for example, an elongated shaped body, such as a pipe or a mandrel.
  • the yarns, wovens or tapes to be contacted are rotated about the shaped body and thereby placed over one another or braided. In this way, a tubular profile of the fiber composite material can be obtained.
  • the shaped body can also be triangular, quadrangular or polygonal, elliptical or rhombic in its cross section so that profiles of the composite or of the composite precursor of the most varied of shapes and forms can be obtained.
  • an embodiment according to the invention is preferred in that at least the first yarn or the further yarn is arranged between the holding region and contacting region relative to the at least one radiation source such that the irradiated part of the first yarn or of the further yarn changes from a first temperature Ti to a second temperature T. 2 , is heated.
  • the yarns which were guided through the radiation area have an elevated temperature T 2 compared with the original temperature T 1 which the respective yarn possessed on the holder.
  • the temperature Ti of the respective yarn should preferably be below the softening point of the respective yarn so that the yarn or fabric does not tear off while it is being guided to the contact region.
  • the temperature is in a range of -10 to 60 ° C, preferably in a range of 5 to 40 ° C, particularly preferably in a range of 15 to 40 ° C.
  • the yarn is preferably heated to a temperature T 2 .
  • temperatures T 2 are often in a range of 180 to 380 ° C, preferably in a range of 200 to 300 ° C and more preferably in a range of 210 to 270 ° C.
  • temperatures T 2 that they are above the softening temperature of the plastics, but still below the temperature at which during the period of irradiation even a decomposition of the plastics would be observed, are.
  • the device according to the invention can furthermore have a pyrometer, which serves to contactlessly measure the heat radiation in a specific region in the device.
  • a control unit with the pyrometer and the Strahlungsqueiie be connected, which regulates the energy input into the radiation source, so that a deviation of the temperature T2 of the yarn before it enters the contact area in a range of 0, 1 to 10 ° C.
  • a so-called quotient pyrometer is used, which is directed to the yarns near the contact point and, as far as the cooking does not fill the entire measuring range of the pyrometer, on a particularly cold or otherwise provided with a very low emission or reflection surface.
  • This is preferably an opening on the opposite wall, behind which there is a room with cool or cooled walls.
  • a ray-tracing process can be used. For this purpose, we measure the radiation characteristic of the radiation source and then it can be calculated by mathematical calculations, as the heat radiation in the radiation field used will look like. In the ray-tracing process, it is preferred that from the modeled radiation source (s) rays be traced that emanate from random directions and from randomly selected positions.
  • each of these rays is then calculated when and where he meets other surfaces, how he behaves there, so whether it is absorbed, scattered or reflected.
  • Each beam is tracked until its energy drops below a certain threshold, for example, or reaches a predetermined number of surfaces.
  • a device for a device according to the invention about 1,000,000 to 10,000,000,000 beams are tracked for relevant results.
  • virtual detectors are positioned along the yarn paths via the software, which detect the power, spectral irradiance, spectral radiance or other quantities to be determined by integration of beams passing through the respective detectors.
  • a device for the ray-tracing process is offered by ZEMAX LLC, Delevue, WA, USA.
  • a method for producing a composite comprising the steps: I. Providing a first yarn and at least one further yarn with a temperature Tü
  • the yarns may have the composition already described for the device.
  • the temperature ⁇ of the first yarn and the at least one other yarn may be the same or different.
  • the temperatures TT of the first yarn and the at least one other yarn are approximately equal. This is particularly advantageous because the yarns can be stored in a same mounting area.
  • the provision of the first and at least one further yarn with a temperature Ti is preferably carried out in a holding area with holders as described for the device.
  • the temperature T, the ambient ambient temperature correspond, which is usually between 5 and 40 ° C. For T 1, the same ranges are applicable as described for the device.
  • the yarn which is guided past the radiation source and irradiated, is thereby heated to a temperature T 2 above the temperature.
  • This temperature T 2 is also in the ranges as previously described for the device.
  • this yarn heated to the temperature T 2 is contacted with the first or the further yarn in a contact region. Both yarns can have a temperature T 2 or only one of the two game. In this process acts on at least one of these yarns a tensile force.
  • This tensile force can be made by a yarn draw device, as has already been described for the device.
  • a tubular circular braid may be produced which, for example, has a cylindrical shape.
  • the cross-section of the braid can be or be shaped differently and be different in size.
  • the round braids have a circular cross-section.
  • circular cross-sections are considered to be advantageous.
  • elliptical, rhombic, triangular, quadrangular or more complex cross-sections conceivable and expedient in individual applications, for example in the manufacture of components for the body shop.
  • the resulting composites can then be cut to the required size in a cutting process.
  • the composites before or after cutting can be supplied to further finishing processes, such as, for example, spraying with paints, lacquers or other polymers.
  • the first yarn includes carbon or glass or both.
  • the first yarn or fabric, but also the at least one further yarn that is provided can have different materials.
  • one of the yarns may consist of a composite of a plastic with carbon or glass.
  • it may also consist of a carbon, for example a carbon fiber alone or of a glass, for example a glass fiber alone or a mixture of the two. All conceivable mixtures are conceivable, such as those described for the device.
  • the irradiation is carried out by infrared rays.
  • the irradiation can take place in a wide wavelength range. If it is carried out with the aid of an infrared radiator, the wavelength is preferably in a range from 780 to 10,000 nm.
  • the irradiation is performed at a power in a range of 1 to 100 W / cm.
  • the power refers to the length of the spotlight.
  • the radiator can thereby reach a temperature in a range of 600 to 3,000 ° C, preferably 1,000 ° C to 2,400 ° C and more preferably from 1,250 ° C to 1,800 ° C.
  • the contacting takes place in the presence of a polymer.
  • This polymer may be one of the group as described for the yarn in the apparatus or a different material. It is preferably a thermoplastic material.
  • a composite precursor is obtained, wherein the composite precursor is brought to a temperature T 3 above the temperature T 2 .
  • the composite precursor obtained by the process described above can be processed in further steps.
  • One possibility for further treatment is in a pultrusion process in which the resulting composite precursor is heated to a temperature T 3 which is higher than the temperature T 2 at which the at least two yarns were contacted.
  • This temperature T 3 should be higher than the softening point of one of the Be components of the composite precursor.
  • the temperatures T 3 may often be in a range of from 180 to 380 ° C, preferably in a range of from 200 to 300 ° C, and more preferably in a range of from 210 to 270 ° C.
  • the temperatures when selecting the temperatures, they are above the softening temperature of the plastics, but still below the temperature at which decomposition of the plastics would already be observed during the period of consolidation.
  • This treatment of the composite precursor with elevated temperature serves to fuse together or sinter the constituents or components of the composite precursor, so that after curing there is a consolidated composite, ie a composite with the desired density.
  • the device described above is used in the method described above.
  • a composite is proposed, obtainable by the method described above.
  • This composite can be used for different purposes.
  • such composites are often used as a substitute for heavy metal parts in the body shop or aircraft because of their high tensile strength.
  • a product comprising a composite as described above and a further component other than the composite.
  • Such products may be, for example, the three-dimensional structures described in DE-A-10 2009 034 767 or EP-A-1 988 118.
  • Such products may also be vehicles which move on land, water or air, in particular driven.
  • Such vehicles may be, for example, aircraft, ships, bicycles or vehicles.
  • Such products may also be buildings or parts of buildings, such as roofs, facades, windows or piping systems.
  • radiator according to the invention also apply correspondingly to the device according to the invention for substance testing and to the method according to the invention for substance testing. This applies in particular to materials and spatial configurations.
  • Figure 1 Schematic representation of a cross section through a device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 Schematic representation of a cross section through a device according to the invention as a detail from FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 Schematic representation of a method for heating a yarn according to the invention
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a device 10 according to the invention.
  • This device 10 has a housing 15 with an opening 70.
  • In the housing 15 there is at least one radiation source 20, here in the form of a plurality of annular radiators 20.
  • the annular radiators 20 form a ring 25.
  • This ring 25 surrounds a yarn line 38.
  • This yarn line 38 can either only from the yarn 35 or from both yarns 35 and 45 be formed.
  • the annular radiator 20 surrounded in a conical arrangement a tube 120 which is guided through the openings 70 and 70 'of the housing 15.
  • the annular radiators 20 are surrounded on their inner side, which faces the tube 120, by an inner reflector 90 and on its outer side, which faces away from the tube 120, by an outer reflector 80.
  • the annular radiators 20 together with the reflectors 80 and 90 represent the radiation area 50.
  • at least one first yarn 35 or else another yarn 45 is introduced into this radiation area 50, each on a holder 30 and 30 ' is located.
  • the two holders 30 and 30 ' form the holding area 40, which is located outside the radiation area 50.
  • On the opposite side of the radiation region 50 is a contact region 60.
  • the first yarn 35 and the further yarn 45 are brought together after being heated by the radiator 20.
  • the contact region 60 is in this case on the surface of the tube 20, which is why the tube 120 is also referred to as the inner profile 120, which gives the resulting composite precursor 130 its profile.
  • the tube 120 may also have an oval or angular surface.
  • the tube 120 or the composite precursor 130 or both move away from the device 10 in the pulling direction 150.
  • the drawbar is not shown here.
  • the yarns 35 and 45 are automatically unwound from the brackets 30, 30 ' and fed to the radiation area 50.
  • the brackets 30, 30 ' are arranged in a circle around the axis of the tubular elongate shaped body 120.
  • the contact region 60 can also be part of the radiation region 50, as shown here, but it does not have to.
  • fans 100 are arranged at several points of the device 10. These fans 100 are used primarily for cooling the reflectors 80 and 90 and suck cool air from the environment to move in the direction of movement 110 in and through the device 10.
  • the spiral temperature of the annular radiator 20 is in the application in a range of 1200 to 1500 ° C.
  • the power in the individual radiators 20 is in a range of 5 to 20 W / cm with respect to the radiator length.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section from FIG. 1 which shows only a part of the radiation area 50 and the contact area 60 in which the yarns 35 and 45 meet.
  • a pyrometer 140 is used in this case. This can be installed at various locations in the device 10. Advantageously, it is arranged in a region of the device 10 where the yarn 35 or 45 passes from the radiation region 50 into the contact region 60.
  • the data received by the pyrometer 140 may be either wirelessly transmitted to a controller, or as shown here via a data cable 160. The controller may use this data to regulate the power of the emitters 20.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows the process of heating a yarn 35 or 45 provided on a holder 30.
  • the yarn 35 is bonded to the contact area 60 so as to be irradiated thereon by a radiation source 20.
  • the yarn 35 has, after being heated by the radiation source 20, a temperature T 2 which is higher than the temperature of the yarn 35 on the holder 30.
  • the arrow 200 indicates the direction of illumination with which the electromagnetic radiation of the radiation source 20 is directed onto the yarn 35 becomes.
  • unidirectional tapes consisting of Hexcel APC2 carbon fibers (available from Hexcel Inc. Santa Clara CA USA) and a PEEK matrix (available from VicTrex pic. GB), where the fiber volume fraction in the consolidated tape is 45% and the basis weight is 300 g / m 2
  • the unidirectional tapes are manufactured by Suprem SA (CH) according to a patented process from the aforementioned materials and after consolidation are cut into 6 mm wide strips and wound up.
  • the unidirectional tapes thus obtained on the individual tape rolls have a length which corresponds to that of the original rovings of the hexel APC2 fiber, but at least 1000 m.
  • a first station 38 tape rolls are mounted on a braided wheeled support portion, of which 19 are intertwined clockwise and 19 counterclockwise to form a first plain weave hose in a contact area of the first station. Between the holding area and the contact area, the tablets are heated to a temperature of 350 ° C. by passing through infrared radiation sources.
  • This first tube will be wrapped in three additional 38-roll stations under the same conditions three times with a plain weave layer.
  • the four-ply precoat thus obtained is consolidated at a temperature of 375 ° C into a composite having a diameter of 60 mm and a circular cross-section.
  • This composite has a nearly smooth surface and a high uniformity in fiber distribution.
  • the example is performed without the tapes undergoing an infrared radiation source according to the invention.
  • a composite having a surface roughened by blistering and markedly deteriorated homogeneity was obtained at a reduced throughput rate of 60%.
  • Reference List Device 130 Composite Precursor Housing 140 Pyrometer Radiation source, ring 150 tensile direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif comprenant : - un domaine de fixation contenant une première fixation pour un premier fil et au moins une autre fixation pour au moins un autre fil, - au moins un domaine de contact pour mettre en contact le premier fil et le ou les autres fils, au moins une source de rayonnement étant disposée entre le domaine de fixation et le domaine de contact.
PCT/EP2012/001267 2011-04-17 2012-03-22 Dispositif de rayonnement pour un matériau composite fibreux WO2012143076A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12714946.6A EP2699721A1 (fr) 2011-04-17 2012-03-22 Dispositif de rayonnement pour un matériau composite fibreux
US14/111,875 US20140044965A1 (en) 2011-04-17 2012-03-22 Irradiation device for fiber composite material
CN201280018742.6A CN103620102A (zh) 2011-04-17 2012-03-22 用于纤维复合材料的辐照装置

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102011017328A DE102011017328A1 (de) 2011-04-17 2011-04-17 Bestrahlungsvorrichtung für Faserverbundmaterial
DE102011017328.5 2011-04-17

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WO2012143076A1 true WO2012143076A1 (fr) 2012-10-26

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EP (1) EP2699721A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103620102A (fr)
DE (1) DE102011017328A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012143076A1 (fr)

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DE102014000302B4 (de) * 2014-01-10 2015-10-08 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Flechtlitze als Flachgeflecht
DE102014018934A1 (de) * 2014-12-22 2016-06-23 Airbus Defence and Space GmbH Vorrichtung zum Aufheizen eines Verbundwerkstoffs mit temperaturabhängigen Verarbeitungseigenschaften und damit zusammenhängende Verfahren
DE102015101511B3 (de) * 2015-02-03 2016-04-07 Heraeus Noblelight Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Bestrahlung eines zylinderförmigen Substrats
DE102015210581A1 (de) * 2015-06-10 2016-12-15 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Flechtmaschine
US11846049B2 (en) * 2021-04-23 2023-12-19 The Boeing Company Braiding apparatus for braiding broad tape
EP4261012A1 (fr) * 2022-04-12 2023-10-18 Fibron Pipe GesmbH Procédé de fabrication d'un tube composite thermoplastique souple, ainsi que tube composite thermoplastique
US20240229309A9 (en) * 2022-10-21 2024-07-11 The Boeing Company Braided Composite Products Comprising Thermoplastic Material

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US20140044965A1 (en) 2014-02-13
EP2699721A1 (fr) 2014-02-26
CN103620102A (zh) 2014-03-05
DE102011017328A1 (de) 2012-10-18

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