WO2012142945A1 - 一种搅拌车卸料速度控制方法及控制装置和搅拌车 - Google Patents

一种搅拌车卸料速度控制方法及控制装置和搅拌车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012142945A1
WO2012142945A1 PCT/CN2012/074259 CN2012074259W WO2012142945A1 WO 2012142945 A1 WO2012142945 A1 WO 2012142945A1 CN 2012074259 W CN2012074259 W CN 2012074259W WO 2012142945 A1 WO2012142945 A1 WO 2012142945A1
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Prior art keywords
speed
pumping
mixing drum
control
mixer
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PCT/CN2012/074259
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周继辉
周翔
邓侃
Original Assignee
湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司
三一重工股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2012142945A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012142945A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/76Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
    • G01F1/86Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature or pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B15/00Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
    • F04B15/02Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts the fluids being viscous or non-homogeneous
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/06Control using electricity
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B51/00Testing machines, pumps, or pumping installations
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2205/00Fluid parameters
    • F04B2205/09Flow through the pump

Definitions

  • the invention discloses a method for controlling the unloading speed of a mixer truck, a control device and a mixer truck.
  • the application request is submitted to the Chinese Patent Office on April 22, 2011, and the application number is 201110101703.X, and the invention name is "a method for controlling the speed of unloading of a mixer truck"
  • the priority of the Chinese Patent Application for the Control Device and the Stirring Truck is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • the invention relates to a control method applied in the field of engineering machinery, in particular to a method for controlling the discharge speed of a mixer truck. Further, the present invention relates to a mixer truck discharge speed control device, and a mixer truck having the same.
  • FIG. 1 shows the construction of concrete machinery.
  • the machine on the left is a concrete transport mixer and the machine on the right is a concrete pump.
  • the concrete transport mixer transports the commercial concrete from the concrete mixing station to the construction site.
  • the mixer truck then dumps the concrete into the hopper of the concrete pump truck.
  • the concrete pump truck then pumps the concrete material in the hopper to the construction site.
  • the mixer drum 21 of the mixer truck is used for loading concrete.
  • the main cylinder 25 drives the reciprocating movement of the crucible piston in the delivery cylinder 24.
  • the concrete material in the hopper 23 is continuously sucked into the delivery cylinder 24 and then pumped to the construction site via the delivery cylinder 24.
  • the mixer truck is required to be manually operated.
  • the operator will operate a handle to control the speed of the mixer.
  • the remaining amount of concrete material in the pump hopper is not easily observed.
  • the operator can only control the speed at which the mixer is discharged by experience.
  • a common problem is that the speed of the discharge is difficult to control, always fast and slow. 1)
  • the discharging speed is too fast, and the concrete material in the pump hopper will overflow and cause waste; the operator often takes the shovel to shovel the overflowing concrete material back into the hopper, which consumes physical strength and increases the labor intensity of the operator. 2)
  • the discharging speed is too slow, the concrete in the hopper will be exhausted quickly, the pumping pumping system will be sucked up, affecting the pumping efficiency, and it is easy to cause the boom to oscillate greatly.
  • the residual capacity of the concrete in the pump hopper must be monitored in real time, or the pump suction speed must be consistent with the speed of the mixer truck to achieve concrete in the concrete hopper.
  • the amount is at a certain level.
  • the present invention provides a method for controlling the speed at which a mixer truck is discharged.
  • the unloading speed and the pumping equipment form a dynamic and real-time coordination in the work, and the auxiliary operator can better complete the unloading and pumping, and reduce the occurrence of flashing and emptying during the whole working process.
  • the present invention provides a mixer truck discharge speed control device based on the apparatus for realizing the above method.
  • the present invention also provides a mixer truck.
  • the control device is installed to enable the mixer to control and adjust its own discharge speed when discharging, and better coordinate with the pumping equipment to reduce the overflow of the hopper of the pumping equipment during the unloading process. Or sucking out.
  • the method for controlling the discharge speed of a mixer truck comprises the following steps: a. detecting a working sound emitted when the pumping device pumps the material, and obtaining a sound signal;
  • step c Calculate the pump speed of the pumping equipment pumping material according to the information characteristics obtained in step b;
  • control strategy in the step d is: calculating a target rotational speed of the mixing drum according to the obtained pumping speed according to the pumping speed of the pumping device and the stirring example; Rotating speed, control the mixing drum to rotate at the target speed to control the unloading speed of the mixer.
  • the working sound emitted when the pumping device pumps the material includes the metal impact sound generated when the conveying cylinder pumps the commutation.
  • step c calculating the commutation period of the transport cylinder according to the information acquired in step b, and calculating the commutation frequency of the transport cylinder per unit time according to the commutation period, combined with the transport cylinder
  • the length and inner diameter parameters are calculated and the pump speed is calculated.
  • the relationship between the speed and the pumping speed of the conveying cylinder is: V sp « ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4
  • the discharging speed of the mixing drum is proportional to the rotation speed of the mixing drum
  • the formula is: a cylinder, wherein C is The proportional coefficient
  • the formula for calculating the target rotational speed of the mixing drum is: stomach - D 2 Lf , ie: 3 ⁇ 4
  • the proportional coefficient C refers to the average value of the concrete discharge amount per revolution of the mixing drum in the case where the mixing drum is full.
  • the invention provides a mixer truck discharge speed control device, and the control device comprises: a signal acquisition unit, configured to detect a working sound emitted by the pumping device when pumping material, to form a sound signal;
  • a signal processing unit configured to perform processing, sampling analysis, and feature extraction on the sound signal acquired by the signal acquiring unit
  • a pump material speed calculation unit configured to calculate, according to the information feature acquired by the signal processing unit, a pump material speed when pumping the pumping material according to the pre-stored calculation method
  • a control processing unit configured to control a discharge speed of the mixer car according to the pre-stored control strategy with the obtained pump speed.
  • the mixer drum target speed calculation unit is configured to calculate a target speed of the mixer drum according to the obtained pump speed according to a linear proportional relationship between the discharge speed and the drum speed; and a control unit, According to the calculated target speed of the mixing drum, a control command is issued to the power system of the mixer truck, and the mixer drum is controlled to rotate at the target speed.
  • the pumping speed calculation unit is calculated according to the following formula:
  • the mixing drum target rotational speed calculating unit is calculated according to the following formula:
  • the relationship between the unloading speed of the mixing drum and the pumping speed of the conveying cylinder is: V unloading the unloading speed of the mixing drum and linearizing the rotating speed of the mixing drum Proportional relationship, the formula is: V fl « CV cylinder, where C is the proportional coefficient, and finally the formula for calculating the target rotation speed of the mixing drum is: CV "D 2 Lf , ie:
  • the invention provides a mixer truck comprising the above control device.
  • the beneficial effects brought by the method for controlling the discharge speed of a mixer truck are as follows: (1) The control method provided by the invention collects the working sound emitted by the pumping device when pumping the material, such as the sound of the reversing direction of the conveying cylinder during operation, and After the sound signal is processed, calculation is performed, the delivery cycle of the delivery cylinder and the delivery frequency are calculated, and then the pumping speed of the pumping device is calculated, and then the discharge speed of the mixer is controlled according to the obtained pumping speed, so that the unloading is performed. Consistently between the material and the pump material, reducing the occurrence of flash or suction. (2) The control method effectively controls the discharge speed of the mixing drum so as to match the actual pumping speed of the pumping equipment as much as possible.
  • the signal detection and calculation method of this scheme is simple, and the implementation cost is low. It is only necessary to install sound detection, analysis, and control devices on the mixer truck without having to install any devices on the pumping equipment. It is also very convenient to upgrade and modify the existing mixer truck. More extensibility.
  • the use of a mixer truck discharge speed control device also has the technical effects produced by the above control method.
  • the control device is easy to install, low in implementation cost, and is also convenient for upgrading and modifying the existing mixer truck. Applicability and scalability are better.
  • the technical effect brought by a mixer truck is that the above-mentioned control device is installed, and the control device adopts the above-mentioned control method, so that the mixer truck can adjust its own speed and unload in real time when working together with the pumping device.
  • the material speed is thus better coordinated and coordinated with the pumping equipment. Reduce the flash or emptying of the pumping equipment hopper during operation.
  • Figure 1 shows the overall structure of the existing concrete pumping equipment and the unloading truck.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing the control method of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing a control method in a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the principle of the control device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the control device of a specific embodiment.
  • the method for controlling the discharge speed of a mixer truck comprises the following steps:
  • step b performing amplification filtering processing, sampling analysis and feature extraction on the obtained sound signal; c. calculating the pumping speed of the pumping equipment pumping material according to the information characteristics obtained in step b;
  • step d the pre-stored control strategy is: calculating a target rotational speed of the mixing drum according to the obtained pumping speed according to a linear proportional relationship between the discharging speed and the rotating drum speed; The obtained target speed of the mixing drum is controlled to rotate the mixer drum at the target speed.
  • the pump speed as defined in the above steps means the amount of pumping equipment pumped per unit time.
  • the meaning of the discharge speed is the amount of the unloading of the mixer truck per unit time.
  • Concrete pumping equipment produces a variety of working sounds while in operation. These sounds include clear pumping equipment, pumping cylinders, and metal impact sounds generated during pumping commutation. These sounds have specific information characteristics and state representations.
  • An important improvement of the present invention is that it extracts these special sound information, and after processing the sound information, calculates the operation of the pumping device reflected by the sound information. For example, the pumping speed is calculated based on the obtained pumping speed, and the target speed of the mixing drum that is coordinated and matched is calculated.
  • the sound information can be detected using various types of electric, capacitive, electromagnetic, piezoelectric, and semiconductor microphones to detect the desired sound in the environment.
  • the sound emitted by the transport cylinder during commutation is clear, the recognition is high, and the cycle is regular.
  • the best source of sound signals it is also possible to detect the sound of the high engine speed or the sound of the low speed on the pumping device as a signal source.
  • step C according to the information obtained in the step b, calculating the commutation period of the transport cylinder, and calculating the commutation frequency of the transport cylinder per unit time according to the commutation period, combined with the length of the transport cylinder and The inner diameter parameter is calculated and the pump speed is calculated.
  • the commutation period is calculated as the interval at which the same signal appears.
  • the calculation of the target rotational speed of the mixing drum is: the relationship between the discharging speed of the mixing drum and the pumping speed of the pumping cylinder is: V unloading the discharging speed of the mixing drum It is proportional to the rotation speed of the mixing drum.
  • the formula is: cylinder, where C is the proportional coefficient.
  • the formula for calculating the target speed of the mixing drum is:
  • the proportional coefficient C refers to an average value of the concrete discharge amount per one rotation of the mixing drum in the case where the mixing drum is full.
  • the usage index is expressed as follows:
  • the proportional coefficient C is cubic meters/rev
  • the target speed of the mixing drum is rpm
  • the discharge speed of the mixing drum is cubic meters/min
  • the unloading amount of the mixing drum is the target speed of the C and the mixing drum. product.
  • the specific scale factor varies depending on the construction conditions on site. In general, the scale factor is between 0.1 and 3. There are some deviations and inconsistencies between the discharge speed and the pump speed. In this embodiment, the scale factor is 0.3.
  • the control method provided in this embodiment is to detect the sound generated by the pumping device as a signal source, perform pre-amplification and the like on the sound signal, sample, analyze, extract the feature, and perform calculation, and finally Calculating the working state of the pumping device corresponding to the information of the detected sound signal, and generating a corresponding control command to control the target turning of the mixer truck Speed, in coordination with the working state of the pumping equipment.
  • the detected signal is different from the conventional sound signal source, and the analysis, judgment, and control method based on the sound signal source are also different from the past. The same technical problem is solved compared to the previous solution, but the technical solution adopted is completely different.
  • the sound signal is used as the detection object, and it is not affected by weather such as rain and snow in the environment.
  • the sensor is directly disposed on the mixer truck, so that the mixer truck can coordinate with different pumping devices without being affected by the specific pumping device.
  • a stirring vehicle discharge speed control device is also provided.
  • the control device includes: a signal acquisition unit 101, configured to detect a working sound emitted when the pumping device pumps the material, and form a sound signal, specifically to the present
  • the sound for reversing the delivery cylinder when the pumping material of the pumping device is obtained forms an acoustic signal.
  • the signal processing unit 102 is configured to perform pre-processing on the signal obtained by the signal acquisition unit, such as amplification and filtering, and perform sampling analysis and feature extraction.
  • the pumping material speed calculating unit 103 is configured to calculate, according to the information feature acquired by the signal processing unit, the pumping speed when the pumping device pumping material is obtained according to the pre-stored calculation method. And a control processing unit, configured to control a discharge speed of the mixer car according to the pre-stored control strategy with the obtained pump speed.
  • control processing unit includes a mixer drum target speed calculation unit 104, and the speed calculates the target speed of the mixer drum.
  • the control unit 105 is configured to issue a control command to the power system of the mixer car according to the calculated target speed of the mixer drum, and control the mixer drum to rotate at the target speed.
  • the pump material speed calculation unit 103 it is calculated according to the following formula:
  • the mixing drum target rotational speed calculating unit 104 calculates according to the following formula:
  • the relationship between the unloading speed of the mixing drum and the pumping speed of the conveying cylinder is: ⁇
  • the discharging speed of the mixing drum is linear with the rotating speed of the mixing drum Relationship, the formula is: V p « CV cylinder, where C is the proportional coefficient, and finally the formula for calculating the target speed of the mixing drum is: CT ⁇ Z ⁇ Zi, ie:
  • the embodiment provides a control device, which comprises various units for realizing different functions. After detecting the sound signal, the sound signal is processed, and then calculation is performed to obtain the pumping speed of the pumping device. The pump speed controls the discharge speed of the mixer.
  • the present invention also provides a control system including a signal acquisition device, a control device coupled to the signal acquisition device, and a mixer drum speed adjustment system coupled to the control device.
  • the control device is the control device described in the above embodiment.
  • the signal acquisition device is generally a sensor for collecting sound signals in the environment. In this embodiment, the sound signal when the transfer cylinder is reversed is collected.
  • the process in which the control device receives the signal to the output signal is the process described in the above embodiment.
  • the mixer drum speed regulation system is a power mechanism that drives the mixer drum to rotate on the mixer truck, such as a closed loop system composed of a variable pump and a motor.
  • the displacement of the variable pump can be adjusted to change the flow rate through the motor, so that the rotation speed of the mixer can be adjusted.
  • the control command output from the control unit to the mixer drum speed adjustment system can be used directly to adjust the displacement of the variable pump.
  • the signal output of the mixer discharge control device is the PWM pulse width signal.
  • the signal output of the mixer discharge control device controls the linear motor. The linear motor pulls the displacement adjustment mechanism of the mechanical variable pump to realize the adjustment of the variable pump displacement.
  • the embodiment only enumerates the implementation methods of the electric control type and the mechanical type two different types of mixer drum speed adjustment systems.
  • different methods have different implementation methods for different systems after the control device issues a control command to the portion, but all of them are well-known technical common knowledge, and can be implemented by those skilled in the art. Therefore, other methods are not described here.
  • a sensor is arranged at the mixing drum to detect the real-time rotation speed of the mixing drum, and feedback back to the control device to form a closed-loop circuit. After adjusting the rotation speed of the mixing drum, the real-time rotation speed is fed back.
  • the present invention also provides a mixer truck which is improved in that the control device described in the above embodiment is installed.
  • the mixer truck equipped with the control device is controlled in the discharge speed, and the control is adjusted and changed in real time with respect to the pumping speed of the pumping device, which has been coordinated with the work of the pumping device, and is reduced throughout The occurrence of flash or emptying during the operation process.
  • the mixer truck is a well-known technology in the art, its structural composition, connection relationship, working process and principle are all common technical knowledge known to those skilled in the art, and the improvement point of the scheme is It is only in the above embodiment that the control device described above is installed, and how the control device is connected to the existing mixer drum speed adjustment system of the mixer and cooperatively controls the speed of the mixer drum is also clearly explained in the above embodiment.
  • the control unit itself can be installed in any position of the mixer truck that does not affect normal operation, such as on the console of the cab, on the ledge, on the base, and the like.
  • the means for detecting the sound signal can be installed in a portion closer to the pumping device when the mixer is unloading, such as in the vicinity of the discharge chute 22. Therefore, the description of the mixer car will not be repeated here, and the invention will not be provided, but does not affect the person skilled in the art to implement the invention based on the disclosure of the present specification.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)

Description

一种搅拌车卸料速度控制方法及控制装置和搅拌车 本申请要求于 2011 年 04 月 22 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201110101703.X、发明名称为"一种搅拌车卸料速度控制方法及控制装置和 搅拌车 "的中国专利申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种应用于工程机械领域的控制方法, 特别涉及一种搅拌 车卸料速度控制方法。 另外,本发明还涉及一种搅拌车卸料速度控制装置, 以及具有该控制装置的搅拌车。
背景技术
图 1为混凝土机械施工的场景。 左边的机械为混凝土运输搅拌车、 右 边的机械为混凝土泵车。 混凝土运输搅拌车将商品混凝土从混凝土搅拌站 运送到施工现场, 搅拌车再将混凝土倾倒入混凝土泵车的料斗中, 混凝土 泵车再将料斗中的混凝土料泵送到施工地点。搅拌车的搅拌筒 21用于装混 凝土料, 在卸料时混凝土通过卸料槽 22进入泵送设备的料斗 23中, 料斗 23中的混凝土通过输送缸 24泵送, 输送缸 24由主油缸 25做功, 主油缸 25带动输送缸 24中的砼活塞往复运动。料斗 23中的混凝土料不断的被吸 入输送缸 24, 然后又经由输送缸 24泵送到施工现场。
搅拌车放料是需要人手工操作的。 操作员将操作一个手柄来控制搅拌 车的放料速度。 然而泵车料斗中的混凝土料的剩余量不容易观察到。 操作 员只能凭经验控制搅拌车放料速度。 经常出现的问题是, 放料速度很难控 制, 总是时快时慢。 1 )放料速度太快, 泵车料斗中混凝土料会溢出, 造成 浪费; 操作员往往会拿铁锹把溢出的混凝土料铲回到料斗中, 耗费体力, 增加操作员的劳动强度。 2 )放料速度太慢, 料斗中的混凝土会很快耗尽, 泵车泵送系统将会吸空, 影响泵送效率, 同时也容易引起臂架大幅振荡。
为了更好的控制搅拌车放料速度, 泵车料斗中的混凝土剩余容量必须 可以实时监控到,或者泵车吸料的速度必须与搅拌车放料的速度保持一致, 从而实现混凝土的料斗中混凝土量在一定的水平。
目前, 现有技术中没有很好的解决所存在的问题, 对于搅拌车卸料与 泵车泵料的速度无法做到在整个工作的过程中相互协调、 动态的、 实时的 调整卸料速度或泵料速度, 以保证彼此的一致性, 减少溢料或吸空情况的 发生。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的缺陷和不足, 本发明提供一种搅拌车卸料速 度控制方法。 通过检测工作现场泵送设备发出的工作声音, 并对声音信号 处理、 采样分析以及特征提取, 对信号特征进行计算后, 得出基于该声音 状态下的泵送设备, 适应性的调整搅拌车的卸料速度, 与泵送设备在工作 中形成动态的、 实时的协调配合, 辅助操作工更好的完成卸料、 泵料, 且 整个工作过程中减少出现溢料、 吸空情况。
另外, 本发明还提供一种搅拌车卸料速度控制装置, 基于实现上述方 法的装置。
另外, 本发明还提供一种搅拌车。 安装有该控制装置, 使搅拌车在卸 料时能够很好的控制、 调节自身的卸料速度, 更好的与泵送设备协调配合 工作, 减少卸料过程中泵送设备的料斗出现溢料或吸空情况。
本发明提供的一种搅拌车卸料速度控制方法, 包括如下步骤: a、 检测泵送设备泵料时发出的工作声音, 获取声音信号;
b、 对获取的声音信号进行处理、 采样分析及特征提取;
c、根据步骤 b中获取的信息特征,计算得到泵送设备泵料时的泵料速 度;
d、根据预存的控制策略, 以得到的所述泵料速度控制搅拌车的卸料速 度。
优选的, 所述步骤 d中的控制策略为: 根据泵送设备泵料速度与搅拌 例关系, 以得到的所述泵料速度计算出搅拌筒的目标转速; 根据计算得到 的所述搅拌筒目标转速, 控制搅拌筒在目标转速下转动, 以控制搅拌车的 卸料速度。
优选的, 所述步骤 a中, 泵送设备泵料时发出的工作声音包括输送缸 泵送换向时产生的金属撞击声。
优选的, 所述步骤 c中: 根据步骤 b获取的信息, 计算得出输送缸的 换向周期、 并根据换向周期计算得出单位时间内输送缸的换向频率, 结合 所述输送缸的长度和内径参数, 计算得出所述泵料速度。 优选的, 所述换向频率的计算公式为: f = 1/T, 其中 f为所述换向频 率, T为所述换向周期, 所述泵料速度的计算公式为: V¾ = Z)2Lf , 其中 D为所述输送缸的内径, L为所述输送缸的长度, 所述步骤 d中, 按照下 述公式计算得出所述搅拌筒的目标转速: 所述搅拌筒卸料速度与所述输送 缸的泵料速度之间的关系为: Vsp « \¾ ,所述搅拌筒的卸料速度与所述搅拌 筒的转速呈比例线性关系, 公式为: 筒 , 其中 C为比例系数, 最 后得出所述搅拌筒的目标转速计算公式为: 胃 - D2Lf ,即: ¾
所述比例系数 C是指搅拌筒满料的情况下, 搅拌筒每转一圏混凝土卸料量 的平均值。
本发明提供的一种搅拌车卸料速度控制装置, 所述控制装置包括: 信号获取单元, 用于检测泵送设备泵料时发出的工作声音, 形成声音 信号;
信号处理单元, 用于对所述信号获取单元获取的声音信号进行处理、 采样分析及特征提取;
泵料速度计算单元, 用于根据所述信号处理单元获取的信息特征, 依 据预存的计算方法计算得到泵送设备泵料时的泵料速度;
控制处理单元, 用于根据预存的控制策略, 以得到的所述泵料速度控 制搅拌车的卸料速度。
优选的, 搅拌筒目标转速计算单元, 用于根据卸料速度与搅拌筒转速 之间的线性比例关系, 以得到的所述泵料速度计算出所述搅拌筒的目标转 速; 控制单元, 用于根据计算得到的所述搅拌筒目标转速, 发出控制指令 到搅拌车的动力系统, 控制搅拌筒在目标转速下转动。
优选的, 所述泵料速度计算单元按照如下公式计算: 所述换向频率的 计算公式为: f = l/T, 其中 f为所述换向频率, T为所述换向周期, 所述泵 料速度的计算公式为 ½ = D2Lf , 其中 D为所述输送缸的内径, L为所 述输送缸的长度。
优选的, 所述搅拌筒目标转速计算单元按照如下公式计算: 所述搅拌 筒卸料速度与输送缸泵料速度之间的关系为: V卸 所述搅拌筒卸料 速度与搅拌筒转速呈线性比例关系, 公式为: Vfl « CV筒 , 其中 C为比例 系数, 最后得出搅拌筒目标转速的计算公式为: CV 《 D2Lf , 即: 本发明提供的一种搅拌车, 包括上述的所述控制装置。
采用一种搅拌车卸料速度控制方法带来的有益效果为: (1 )本发明提 供的控制方法通过采集泵送设备泵料时发出的工作声音, 如工作时输送缸 换向的声音, 并对该声音信号进行处理后进行计算, 算出输送缸的输送周 期、 输送频率, 并继而算出泵送设备的泵料速度, 然后根据得出泵料速度 来控制搅拌车的卸料速度,,使得卸料和泵料之间保持一致,减少溢料或吸 空情况的发生。 (2 )该控制方法有效的控制搅拌筒的卸料速度, 使其尽量 与泵送设备工作时的实际泵料速度相匹配。大大减轻了操作员的劳动强度, 为操作员的操作提供了辅助支持。 (3 )本方案信号检测、 计算方法筒单、 实现成本低廉。 仅需在搅拌车上安装声音的检测、 分析、 控制装置, 而无 需在泵送设备上安装任何装置, 即可实现。 对现有搅拌车进行功能升级、 改装也十分方便。 扩展性更好。
采用一种搅拌车卸料速度控制装置同样具有上述该控制方法所产生的 技术效果, 同时该控制装置易于安装、 实现成本低、 对现有搅拌车进行功 能升级、 改装也十分方便。 适用性和扩展性更好。
采用一种搅拌车带来的技术效果, 因其安装了上述的控制装置, 该控 制装置采用上述的控制方法, 使搅拌车在与泵送设备一同工作时, 更够实 时的调节自身转速、 卸料速度, 从而与泵送设备更好的协调、 配合工作。 减少作业过程中出现泵送设备料斗的溢料或吸空情况。
附图说明
图 1所示为现有混凝土泵送设备与卸料车之间协同作业的整体结构示 意图。
图 2所示为本发明控制方法的流程图
图 3所示为本发明具体实施例中控制方法的流程图。
图 4所示为本发明控制装置的原理框图。
图 5所示为具体实施例中控制装置的原理框图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图, 对本发明实施例中的技术方案进 行清楚、 完整地描述, 显然, 所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例, 而不是全部的实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例, 本领域普通技术人员在没 有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例, 都属于本发明保护的 范围。
如图 2所示, 为本发明提供的一种搅拌车卸料速度控制方法, 包括如 下步骤:
a、 检测泵送设备泵料时发出的工作声音, 获取声音信号;
b、 对获取的声音信号进行放大滤波处理、 采样分析及特征提取; c、根据步骤 b中获取的信息特征,计算得到泵送设备泵料时的泵料速 度;
d、根据预存的控制策略, 以得到的所述泵料速度控制搅拌车的卸料速 度。
在步骤 d中, 如图 3所示, 预存的控制策略为: 根据卸料速度与搅拌 筒转速之间的线性比例关系, 以得到的所述泵料速度计算出搅拌筒的目标 转速; 根据计算得到的所述搅拌筒目标转速, 控制搅拌筒在目标转速下转 动。
在上述步骤中所定义的泵料速度, 其含义为单位时间内泵送设备泵料 的方量。 卸料速度的含义是单位时间内搅拌车卸料的方量。
混凝土泵送设备在工作时, 会产生各种工作声音。 这些声音包括清晰 的泵送设备的输送缸泵送换向时产生的金属撞击声等。 这些声音有着特定 的信息特征和状态表征作用。 本发明的重要改进点就在于汲取这些特别的 声音信息, 并对声音信息进行处理后, 计算出这些声音信息所反映出来的 泵送设备的工作情况。 比如泵料速度, 再基于所得出的泵料速度计算出与 之协调、 匹配工作的搅拌筒目标转速。
对于步骤 a中, 检测声音信息可以采用各类电动式、 电容式、 电磁式、 压电式、 半导体式传声器来检测环境中所需的声音。 本实施例中, 主要检 测环境中, 输送缸换向时所发出的声音, 该声音清晰、 识别度高、 且周期 规律。 为最优的声音信号来源。 除此以外, 也可检测泵送设备上发动机高 转速的声音或低转速的声音作为信号源。 在所述步骤 C中: 根据步骤 b获取的信息, 计算得出输送缸的换向周 期、 并根据换向周期计算得出单位时间内输送缸的换向频率, 结合所述输 送缸的长度和内径参数, 计算得出所述泵料速度。
具体的计算方法是, 所述换向频率的计算公式为: f = l/T, 其中 f为 所述换向频率, T为所述换向周期。 换向周期以相同的信号出现的间隔时 间计算得出。 所述泵料速度的计算公式为: ¾ = i)2Lf , 其中 D为所述 输送缸的内径, L为所述输送缸的长度。
所述步骤 d中, 所述搅拌筒的目标转速的计算方式是: 所述搅拌筒卸 料速度与所述输送的缸泵料速度之间的关系为: V卸 所述搅拌筒的 卸料速度与所述搅拌筒的转速呈比例线性关系, 公式为: 筒, 其 中 C为比例系数, 最后得出所述搅拌筒的目标转速计算公式为:
CVn * Z)2Lf , 即: ¾ « 。 其中, 所述比例系数 C是指搅拌筒满料 的情况下, 搅拌筒每转一圏混凝土卸料量的平均值。 用量纲来表示即: 比 例系数 C为立方米 /转, 搅拌筒目标转速为转 /分, 搅拌筒卸料速度为立方 米 /分,搅拌筒的卸料量即为 C与搅拌筒目标转速的乘积。 具体的比例系数 因现场施工情况的不同而计算数值有所不同。一般情况下的比例系数在 0.1 至 3之间。 允许卸料速度与泵料速度之间存在一些偏差、 不一致的情况。 本实施例中, 比例系数为 0.3。
本方案中, 线性比例关系的计算因受到现场实际施工时各方面因素的 影响, 比例系数的计算不完全准确,这是工程机械领域公知的存在的问题, 因此该计算允许出现一定的误差。 同样, 对于本方案中提到的泵料速度与 卸料速度之间的关系, 为了减少不溢料或吸空, 这两个速度理论上是相同 的, 但在实际工况中, 受到搅拌车卸料时粉料状况的变化, 摩擦力的影响 等等, 实际速度不会完全相同, 而是卸料速度约等于泵料速度。 如果用等 于来约定公式的话,可以是泵料速度=1)*卸料速度,这个 b定义为误差修正 值, 或是纠偏值, 这个值一般在 0.1到 1.5之间。
本实施例提供的控制方法, 就在于检测泵送设备工作时所产生的声音 作为信号源, 对声音信号进行前置放大等处理后, 对其进行采样、 分析、 特征提取, 并进行计算, 最终算出检测的声音信号的信息所对应的泵送设 备的工作状态, 并以此来产生相应的控制指令控制搅拌车搅拌筒的目标转 速, 与泵送设备的工作状态相协调。 而且所检测的信号是不同于以往的声 音信号源, 且基于声音信号源的分析、 判断、 控制方法也不同于以往。 与 以往的方案相比, 解决了同样的技术问题, 但所采用的技术解决方案完全 不同。 以声音信号作为检测对象,可以不受环境中比如雨雪等天气的影响。 本实施例将传感器直接设置在搅拌车上, 使搅拌车可以与不同的泵送设备 进行协调工作, 不受特定泵送设备的影响。
本发明除了提供上述的控制方法外。 还提供一种搅拌车卸料速度控制 装置, 如图 4所示, 所述控制装置包括: 信号获取单元 101 , 用于检测泵 送设备泵料时发出的工作声音, 形成声音信号, 具体到本实施例中, 如图 5所示, 用于获取泵送设备泵料时输送缸换向的声音, 形成声音信号。 信 号处理单元 102, 用于对所述信号获取单元获取的声音信号进行放大滤波 等信号前期处理后, 进行采样分析及特征提取。 泵料速度计算单元 103, 用于根据所述信号处理单元获取的信息特征, 依据预存的计算方法计算得 到泵送设备泵料时的泵料速度。控制处理单元,用于根据预存的控制策略, 以得到的所述泵料速度控制搅拌车的卸料速度。
其中, 如图 5所示, 控制处理单元包括搅拌筒目标转速计算单元 104, 速度计算出所述搅拌筒的目标转速。 控制单元 105 , 用于根据计算得到的 所述搅拌筒目标转速, 发出控制指令到搅拌车的动力系统, 控制搅拌筒在 目标转速下转动。
对于所述泵料速度计算单元 103, 按照如下公式计算: 所述换向频率 的计算公式为: f = l/T, 其中 f为所述换向频率, T为所述换向周期, 所述 泵料速度的计算公式为¾ = fD2Lf , 其中 D为所述输送缸的内径, L为 所述输送缸的长度。
所述搅拌筒目标转速计算单元 104, 按照如下公式计算: 所述搅拌筒 卸料速度与输送缸泵料速度之间的关系为: ^卩 所述搅拌筒卸料速 度与搅拌筒转速呈比例线性关系, 公式为: V p « CV筒, 其中 C为比例系 数, 最后得出搅拌筒目标转速的计算公式为: CT^ Z^Zi , 即: 该实施例提供了一种控制装置, 该控制装置包括各个实现功能不同的 单元, 通过检测声音信号, 对声音信号进行处理后, 进行计算, 得出泵送 设备的泵料速度, 根据得出的泵料速度控制搅拌车的卸料速度。
基于上述实施例提供的控制装置, 本发明还提供一种控制系统, 该控 制系统包括信号采集装置、 与信号采集装置连接的控制装置、 与控制装置 连接的搅拌筒转速调节系统。 该控制装置即为上述实施例中所述的控制装 置, 信号采集装置一般为传感器, 采集环境中的声音信号, 本实施例中采 集输送缸换向时的声音信号。 控制装置接收信号至输出信号的过程为上述 实施例中所述的过程, 搅拌筒转速调节系统为搅拌车上驱动搅拌筒转动的 动力机构, 比如变量泵和马达组成的闭环系统。 在搅拌车发动机转速一定 的情况下, 调节变量泵的排量, 可以改变流过马达的流量, 从而可以调节 搅拌筒的转速。 控制装置输出的控制指令到搅拌筒转速调节系统, 可以直 接用来调节变量泵的排量。 比如: 如果是电控变量泵, 搅拌车卸料控制装 置的信号输出为 PWM脉宽信号。 如果是机械式变量泵, 搅拌车卸料控制 装置的信号输出, 控制直线电机。 直线电机拉动机械式变量泵的排量调节 机构, 从而实现变量泵排量的调节。 对于搅拌筒转速调节系统部分, 为本 领域公知的技术, 且实现方法很多, 本实施例只是列举了电控式和机械式 两种不同类型的搅拌筒转速调节系统的实现方法。 对于本领域的技术人员 而言, 在控制装置发出控制指令到该部分后, 如何响应该指令, 不同的系 统有不同的实现方法, 但均是公知的技术常识, 本领域技术人员均可以实 现。 故这里不再对其他方式进行赘述。
另外, 为了进一步检测搅拌筒的实时转速, 在搅拌筒处设置传感器, 检测搅拌筒的实时转速, 并反馈回控制装置, 形成闭环回路, 在调节搅拌 筒转速后, 反馈其实时转速情况。
最后, 本发明还提供一种搅拌车, 该搅拌车的改进之处就在于, 安装 有上述实施例中所述的控制装置。 安装了该控制装置的搅拌车, 其卸料速 度得到控制, 且该控制是相对于泵送设备的泵料速度实时的进行调整、 改 变, 已达到与泵送设备的工作协调一致, 减少在整个作业过程溢料或吸空 情况的发生。 由于搅拌车为本领域公知的技术, 其结构组成、 连接关系、 工作过程及原理均是本领域技术人员公知的技术常识, 且本方案的改进点 仅在于安装了上述的控制装置, 对于控制装置如何与搅拌车现有的搅拌筒 转速调节系统连接、 协同控制搅拌筒转速, 在上述实施例中也已清楚的阐 述。 而控制装置本身可以安装在搅拌车的任何不影响正常作业的位置, 如 驾驶室的操作台上、 壁架上、 底座上等。 而检测声音信号的装置可以安装 在搅拌车卸料时更为靠近泵送设备的部位, 比如安装在卸料槽 22的附近。 故这里不再对其进行赘述, 也不再提供搅拌车的附图, 但并不影响本领域 技术人员在本说明书公开内容的基础上实现本发明。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并不用以限制本发明, 凡在 本发明的精神和原则之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包 含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种搅拌车卸料速度控制方法, 其特征在于包括如下步骤: a、 检测泵送设备泵料时发出的工作声音, 获取声音信号;
b、 对获取的声音信号进行处理、 采样分析及特征提取;
c、根据步骤 b中获取的信息特征,计算得到泵送设备泵料时的泵料速 度;
d、根据预存的控制策略, 以得到的所述泵料速度控制搅拌车的卸料速 度。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的控制方法, 其特征在于: 所述步骤 d中的控 拌筒卸料速度与搅拌筒转速之间的线性比例关系, 以得到的所述泵料速度 计算出搅拌筒的目标转速; 根据计算得到的所述搅拌筒目标转速, 控制搅 拌筒在目标转速下转动, 以控制搅拌车的卸料速度。
3、 根据权利要求 1 或 2所述的控制方法, 其特征在于: 所述步骤 a 中, 泵送设备泵料时发出的工作声音包括输送缸泵送换向时产生的金属撞 击声。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的控制方法, 其特征在于: 所述步骤 c中: 根 据步骤 b获取的信息, 计算得出输送缸的换向周期、 并根据换向周期计算 得出单位时间内输送缸的换向频率, 结合所述输送缸的长度和内径参数, 计算得出所述泵料速度。
5、根据权利要求 4所述的控制方法, 其特征在于: 所述换向频率的计 算公式为: f = l/T, 其中 f为所述换向频率, T为所述换向周期, 所述泵料 速度的计算公式为: ½ = fZ)2Lf , 其中 D为所述输送缸的内径, L为所 述输送缸的长度, 所述步骤 d中, 按照下述公式计算得出所述搅拌筒的目 标转速: 所述搅拌筒卸料速度与所述输送缸泵料速度之间的关系为: 式为: Vip CYffi , 其中 C为比例系数, 最后得出所述搅拌筒的目标转速 计算公式为: C f f , 即: V筒 《 , 所述比例系数 C是指搅拌筒 满料的情况下, 搅拌筒每转一圏混凝土卸料量的平均值。
6、 一种搅拌车卸料速度控制装置, 其特征在于, 所述控制装置包括: 信号获取单元(101 ), 用于检测泵送设备泵料时发出的工作声音, 形 成声音信号;
信号处理单元( 102 ), 用于对所述信号获取单元获取的声音信号进行 处理、 采样分析及特征提取;
泵料速度计算单元( 103 ), 用于根据所述信号处理单元获取的信息特 征, 依据预存的计算方法计算得到泵送设备泵料时的泵料速度;
控制处理单元, 用于根据预存的控制策略, 以得到的所述泵料速度控 制搅拌车的卸料速度。
7、根据权利要求 6所述的控制装置, 其特征在于: 所述控制处理单元 包括:
搅拌筒目标转速计算单元(104 ), 用于根据卸料速度与搅拌筒转速之 间的线性比例关系,以得到的所述泵料速度计算出所述搅拌筒的目标转速; 控制单元(105 ), 用于根据计算得到的所述搅拌筒目标转速, 发出控 制指令到搅拌车的动力系统, 控制搅拌筒在目标转速下转动。
8、根据权利要求 7所述的控制装置, 其特征在于: 所述泵料速度计算 单元(103 )按照如下公式计算: 所述换向频率的计算公式为: f = l/T, 其 中 f 为所述换向频率, T 为所述换向周期, 所述泵料速度的计算公式为 V = f∑f 2Lf , 其中 D为所述输送缸的内径, L为所述输送缸的长度。
9、根据权利要求 7所述的控制装置, 其特征在于: 所述搅拌筒目标转 速计算单元( 104 )按照如下公式计算: 所述搅拌筒卸料速度与输送缸泵料 速度之间的关系为: 所述搅拌筒卸料速度与搅拌筒转速呈线性比 例关系, 公式为: vsp cv , 其中 C为比例系数, 最后得出搅拌筒目标转 速的计算公式为: C « /¾f , 即: V筒 。
10、 一种搅拌车, 其特征在于: 包括上述权利要求 6至 9任一项所述 的控制装置。
PCT/CN2012/074259 2011-04-22 2012-04-18 一种搅拌车卸料速度控制方法及控制装置和搅拌车 WO2012142945A1 (zh)

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