WO2012139646A1 - Procédé de transmission simultanée de valeurs de processus numériques, unité d'évaluation s'utilisant dans le cadre d'un tel procédé et appareil d'automatisation doté d'une telle unité d'évaluation - Google Patents

Procédé de transmission simultanée de valeurs de processus numériques, unité d'évaluation s'utilisant dans le cadre d'un tel procédé et appareil d'automatisation doté d'une telle unité d'évaluation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012139646A1
WO2012139646A1 PCT/EP2011/055858 EP2011055858W WO2012139646A1 WO 2012139646 A1 WO2012139646 A1 WO 2012139646A1 EP 2011055858 W EP2011055858 W EP 2011055858W WO 2012139646 A1 WO2012139646 A1 WO 2012139646A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bus
evaluation unit
transducers
values
modulation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/055858
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jochen Balduf
Mathias Maurmaier
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to PCT/EP2011/055858 priority Critical patent/WO2012139646A1/fr
Publication of WO2012139646A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012139646A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/38—Synchronous or start-stop systems, e.g. for Baudot code
    • H04L25/40—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits
    • H04L25/49—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using code conversion at the transmitter; using predistortion; using insertion of idle bits for obtaining a desired frequency spectrum; using three or more amplitude levels ; Baseband coding techniques specific to data transmission systems
    • H04L25/4906—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using code conversion at the transmitter; using predistortion; using insertion of idle bits for obtaining a desired frequency spectrum; using three or more amplitude levels ; Baseband coding techniques specific to data transmission systems using binary codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H04L12/40006—Architecture of a communication node
    • H04L12/40019—Details regarding a bus master
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H04L2012/4026—Bus for use in automation systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the simultaneous transmission of digital process values.
  • Such a method involves several field devices as transmitters and at least one receiver.
  • the receiver is referred to here and below as an evaluation unit.
  • the He ⁇ invention also relates to such an evaluation unit for use in a method for simultaneous, additive transmitting digital process values.
  • NRZ unipolar NRZ signal transmission
  • the evaluation unit takes into account that this is a matter of communication nodes on the bus or part of a programmable controller connected to the bus, which is in the programmable controller of the communication nodes on the bus ⁇ .
  • the invention finally also relates to an automation device with such an evaluation unit.
  • the value of a process variable is determined in certain applications by a simultaneous measurement at several points.
  • An example of this is the weighing technique, in which the weight of an object to be measured rests on several load cells only for a short period of time and / or a short measuring interval is required. In such situations, the quick and simultaneous capture of all readings to determine the correct weight is important. So far, such load cells are equipped with an analog 4 to 2 OmA interface and connected in parallel to the same input of a weighing ⁇ electronics. In this special operating mode, all load cells simultaneously transfer their measured value in the form of a current between 4 and 20mA. The total flow is formed by the sum of the partial flows. This is measured by the weighing electronics and can then be converted into a total weight.
  • the analog 4 to 2 OmA interface is, however, to ⁇ Referring replaced by digital field bus systems via which the individual measuring points are integrated into the automation system.
  • digital transmission on conventional fieldbus systems where only time-shifted data transmission is possible, summation, as described above for the parallel connection of several 4 to 20mA outputs to a 4 to 20mA input, is not possible.
  • the data of the individual measuring points must be transmitted sequentially, ie offset in time. On the one hand, this leads to an increase in the time required for the acquisition of all measured values, since, in the case of several measuring points, a plurality of individual values must be transmitted one after the other in order to determine a total value.
  • multiplexing methods For the simultaneous transmission of digital signals, basically so-called multiplexing methods come into consideration. In digital fieldbus communication such methods, ie z. As so-called multiple access methods, such as FDMA (frequency-division multiple access) not in use. Regardless of the coding or modulation, digital data is always transmitted sequentially in existing fieldbus systems. Examples include TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) and Request & Response. Simultaneous transmission of several digital signals is not possible. However, this would be desirable, especially for the above-described application of the weighing technique.
  • FDMA frequency-division multiple access
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a method for the simultaneous transmission of digital data, in particular digital process values.
  • the evaluation unit compares a value of the modulation variable resulting from the process values given on the bus, ie in particular one Value of the bus voltage, or a value of a change in the modulation size with a number of thresholds matched to the number of connected transducers. For each threshold, the evaluation unit determines a bit pattern. Finally, the evaluation unit adds the resulting bit pattern according to the number of transducers.
  • the advantage of the invention is that a digital transmission of the process values is possible via the bus.
  • This is advantageous in view of the fact that measured value pickups are more and more often integrated into an automation system via a digital bus, via which, for example, B. also a parameterization and the like of the transducers can be done. Consequently, the transducers supply their process values in digital form to a respective interrogating unit, e.g. B. an automation device.
  • a sequential transmission of one process value each from one transducer and then a transmission of further process values from other transducers was required. The fact that the same of several transducers in the communication system, ie, for. B.
  • the modulation size can be evaluated on the basis of a plurality of thresholds.
  • the number of threshold values is matched to the number of connected ⁇ measured value pickup, at least the number of simultaneously process values imaging transducer on the bus, so that for each simultaneously transmitting transducer
  • Threshold is set.
  • the evaluation unit can determine a bit pattern for each threshold value on the basis of the modulation variable and add up the bit patterns resulting in accordance with the number of transducers or the number of threshold values.
  • the addition of bit patterns then gives the sum of the individual process values, so that the addition represents a measure of the respective plurality of simultaneously transmitted process values and in particular the sum of the simultaneously transmitted process values.
  • the method and its embodiments are suitable for. B. when used in weighing.
  • load cell three load cells each have a measured value of a currently recorded weight on the bus as a digital process value.
  • the load cells / measurement ⁇ value sensors are connected in parallel to the bus. As modulation size, the bus current is used.
  • three threshold values are provided on the evaluation unit side. Based on these three threshold values, the Off ⁇ valuation unit determines three bits ⁇ pattern using the additive influenced by the given process values to the bus bus current. These three bit patterns are added by the evaluation unit, z. B.
  • the advantage of the invention lies not only in the continuous digital signal and / or data transmission from or to the respective transducer but also in the fact that the transmission and thus also the detection of the process values takes place simultaneously and thus saves time compared to an otherwise necessary sequential processing of digital measured values. This is particularly advantageous if z. B. in the weighing technique on a conveyor belt or the like material or objects are transported and thus they are only in a dependent of the transport speed time window in the range of the load cells. In the simultaneous processing of the process values possible on the basis of the approach according to the invention, the transport speed can correspondingly be significantly higher than this would be possible with a sequential transmission of the process values.
  • an evaluation unit with means for use in the process as herein or below, said means including a bus interface, a receiver, and an adder, wherein the evaluation unit via the bus scarf ⁇ tung to a bus,
  • a bus with unipolar NRZ signal transmission can be connected, wherein by the receiver on the basis of the modulation size of the transducer or a change in the modulation size of the transducer for each threshold, a bit pattern is determined and by the adder resulting in accordance with the number of thresholds bit pattern by addition can be combined.
  • each measuring sensor signal is its digital process value in response to the Jerusalemssens- to the bus
  • a central delivery of an appropriate signal a synchronicity the process ⁇ ensured on the bus, so that based on the respective thresholds a direct derivation of the respective bit pattern ⁇ and immediate addition of the resulting Bit pattern is possible.
  • Other possibilities for ensuring such a synchronous transmission of the process values are, in particular, synchronous clocks or identical time bases for all communication participants, at least the measuring transducers respectively provided for simultaneous transmission.
  • this aspect of the method proposed here z. B. also be implemented in software or in software and hardware, so that there are simple conditions in terms of maintenance, Mo ⁇ d Intervention, parameterization and the like.
  • the addition of the successive resulting bit patterns can begin immediately upon receipt of the process values on the evaluation unit side.
  • the bit patterns are, of course, still incomplete at the time when the first bit of each process value is received, however, the addition can be performed immediately for each bit received, so that the addition result is immediately available as soon as the last is added to each process value Bit was received. This also means a further gain of time as opposed to one Solution that would require buffering of the bit patterns for a transmission starting with the most significant bit, and the addition could not begin until all of the process values were fully received.
  • the above-mentioned object is also achieved with an automation ⁇ s istshunt with an evaluation unit as described here and after ⁇ following.
  • the automation device may include the evaluation unit as a separate function module.
  • the functionality of the evaluation unit can be implemented in hardware or in software.
  • the invention thus also relates to a corresponding computer program ⁇ with computer-executable program code instructions and a storage medium having such a
  • FIG 2 is a superposition of a bus voltage at the same time transmitted via a bus digital process values
  • FIG. 8 shows a bus voltage resulting from the superimposition according to FIG. 7 with several for evaluating the
  • FIG. 9 shows an illustration of individual bit patterns resulting from the evaluation of the bus voltage according to FIG. 8 and the underlying bit patterns
  • Process values and a result of addition of the process values on the one hand, and the bit pattern on the other hand, ⁇ , Figure 10 is a discharged from an evaluation unit process values request signal to guarantee a simultaneous transmission of process data via the bus and
  • the automation system comprises an automation device 10 with an evaluation unit 12.
  • the automation device 10 or its evaluation unit 12 is connected via a bus interface 14 to a bus 16, in particular a field bus.
  • the bus 16 is z.
  • To the bus 16, 18 three load cells are connected as another communication ⁇ participants in the example shown here as a transducer.
  • the transducers 18 are of the technical Prozes ⁇ ses, namely a conveyor belt 20, associated with, be moved on the items 22 or material a partial section, wherein during the movement of the weight is detected on the conveyor belt 20 in a portion of the conveyor belt 20 via the transducer 18 ,
  • This weight detection can z. B. for quality control, for separating the transported with the conveyor belt 20 objects 22, etc. can be used.
  • a relevant process value is applied to the bus 16 as the weight measured value.
  • the process values are simultaneously transferred to the bus as digital process values.
  • the given on the bus 16 digital process values additively influence a modulation stroke and thus a total resulting at the bus 16 bus voltage.
  • a bus voltage U over the time t is plotted for clarity in FIG. Shown is a situation in which a measured value sensor 18 outputs process values to the bus 16 from a point in time denoted by t1. This results in a first modulation 26, which reduces the bus voltage U, starting from its nominal voltage 24. From a point of time designated t2, a second measured value also begins. receiver 18 to give digital process values on the bus 16. The result is a second modulation 28, which adds the first modulation 26 additively and the bus voltage U, starting from their rated voltage 24 further reduced.
  • a method for impressing digital process values on a modulation variable such as the bus current or the bus voltage is z.
  • a modulation variable such as the bus current or the bus voltage
  • PCT / EP2011 / 055833 has been proposed to the inventors Hammer and Hauschulz, whose disclosure content with respect to the data transmission on the bus and the influence of the bus voltage by the transmitted data is hereby deemed to be included in this application.
  • FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 represent by way of example in each case digital process values 30, 32 and 34, respectively, such as three measured value sensors 18 in the example shown here
  • FIG. 6 shows, for the purpose of illustration, a representation of all three digital process values from FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 with the same time base t.
  • FIG 7 shows the result of an additive superposition of all three digital process values 30, 32, 34 and thus caused additive Beeinflus ⁇ solution the voltage across the bus 16 (bus voltage U).
  • the bus voltage is thus an example of a modulation size of the transducers 18.
  • FIG. 8 is essentially a repetition of the representation from FIG. 7. Additionally, three threshold values 36, 38, 40 are shown, wherein the number of threshold values 36, 38, 40 results here on the basis of the number of connected transducers 18 (FIG. With more than three connected primary here the bus voltage U, correspondingly more threshold values for evaluating the modulation size, it ⁇ conducive.
  • the threshold values 36, 38, 40 are equidistant from here, which is based on the assumption that each measured value pickup 18 ⁇ influ- enced with its given to the bus 16 digital process value 30, 32, 34, the bus voltage in the same way. If exceptions exist here exceptionally, this should be taken into account with a corresponding distance between the threshold values 36, 38, 40.
  • FIG. 9 shows an evaluation of each of these evaluations on the basis of the threshold values 36, 38, 40 on the right side of the matrix Threshold 36, 38, 40 resulting bit pattern 42, 44, 46.
  • a first bit pattern 42 "111101110” belongs to the uppermost drawn in Figure 8 first threshold 36.
  • a second bit pattern 44 "110101000” belongs to the drawn in Figure 8 in the middle second threshold 38 and a third bit ⁇ pattern 46 "000 001 000" is one according to in FIG 8 to ⁇ bottom plotted third threshold value 40.
  • this bit patterns 42, 44, are compared with 46 in the illustration in FIG 9, the underlying process values 30, 32, 34 (See also FIG 3, FIG 4 and FIG 5.) It can be seen that the by
  • bit patterns 42, 44, 46 differ from the originally given to the bus digital process values 30, 32, 34.
  • the bit patterns 42, 44, 46 are, however, evaluation unit from the initial 12 (FIG 1) is added, the addition for each bit is a bit addition with carry, and the respective carry optionally Darge ⁇ represents by a superscript, small "1” , so that the result of addition is binary "010111001". This corresponds to the value "013A" in hexadecimal form, as is shown below the addition result in binary representation in the representation in FIG. 9.
  • FIGS. 2 to 9 are based on the fact that the process values 30, 32, 34 are in the form of a fixed-point number, z. B. as an unsigned integer data type, with its least significant bit, the so-called least significant bit (LSB), are first given to the bus 16. This has the effect that immediately upon receipt of the first bit all at once on the Bus 16 given process values 30, 32, 34 with the addition can be started as shown in FIG 9.
  • LSB least significant bit
  • the illustration in FIG 10 again repeated individual Aspek ⁇ te from the illustration in FIG 1 and illustrates that in order to ensure simultaneous transmission of process values 30, 32, 34 via the bus 16, the evaluation unit 12 z. B.
  • a process value request signal 48 to the bus 16, which receive all transducers 18 and due to which each transducer 18 its process value 30, 32, 34 on the bus 16 is.
  • This ensures the synchronous chronicity of the process values 30, 32, 34 which allows the direct addition of the products to the evaluation of the modulation amount on the basis of the threshold values 36, 38, 40 bits ⁇ pattern 42, 44, 46 on the bus 16.
  • the evaluation unit 12 includes z. B. a known, not shown
  • the process value request signal 48 may in particular a single signal or a sent out to request process values data packet be.
  • FIG. 11 shows, in greatly simplified form, an embodiment of the evaluation unit 12, as described, for example, in US Pat. B. as part of an automation device 10 (FIG 1) can be pre ⁇ seen.
  • the evaluation unit 12 is the bus ⁇ connection downstream 14 and the bus interface 14 to the evaluation unit 12, the bus 16 embossed modulation size (the bus current I, or the bus voltage U) supplied (see. Also the illustrations in Figures 2 to 8, and there in each case over the time t as a modulation size on ⁇ carried bus voltage U).
  • the evaluation unit 12 compares the Ge on the bus 16 ⁇ discontinued process values 30, 32, 34, so that (here the bus voltage U) by this additively influenced modulation size, matched with the number of the connected transducer 18 (FIG 1) number of threshold values 36, 38, 40.
  • a comparator 50 is shown in each case for comparison of the modulation variable, each with a threshold value 36, 38, 40.
  • the comparators 50 together form a receiver 52.
  • the bit patterns 42, 44, 46 are then supplied to an adder 54 as an example of a possible implementation of an addition functionality and at an output 56 of the adder 54 results in the He ⁇ result of the superposition of the bit patterns 42, 44, 46 as shown in FIG 9 on the right side shown.
  • the functionality of the adder 54 may be implemented in software, hardware and / or firmware.
  • the functionality of the adder 54 can also be part of another functional unit in a manner known per se, and the representation of the adder 54 in the form of a separate functional block in the schematic representation in FIG. 11 is expressly not indicative of a need for an adder 54 in the form to understand a separate electronic component.
  • comparators 50 also exporting ⁇ tion occurs with an analog-digital converter into account, which converts each current bus voltage U to an equivalent digital value and the numerical value also numerically predetermined threshold values 36 , 38, 40 can be compared in a manner known per se. Then, as shown in FIG. 11, the bit patterns 42, 44, 46 result which, after an addition, lead to the result shown on the right-hand side in FIG.
  • the comparators 50 or the A / D converter are examples of Means for detecting the value of the modulation quantity, here the bus voltage.
  • the proposed transmission method has two main physical limits, namely, first the maximum ⁇ permeable total current on the bus and then a minimum bus voltage. If the sensors 18 connected to the bus 16 are supplied with energy via the bus 16, the minimum bus voltage results from the minimum voltage of the transducers 18 required for the operation. If the energy supply of the transducers 18 does not occur via the bus voltage, then a minimum is also produced Voltage, which is required for the proper functionality of the evaluation ⁇ unit 12 upstream receiver stage. As a rule, the minimum bus voltage should be above 0 volts.
  • synchronization measures are additionally or alternatively likewise possible.
  • the transmission method presented here is particularly favorable for situations with three to four connected transducers 18, which normally fully covers the scenario assumed by the weighing technique as an example.
  • such evaluation ⁇ unit 12 in which or in which the evaluation unit 12 given the bus 16 process values 30, 32, 34 on the basis of the modulation size with a matched to the number of connected transducers 18 number of thresholds 36, 38, 40 compares the evaluation unit 12 to hand ⁇ the modulation size for each threshold 36, 38, 40 a bit pattern of 42, 44, 46 and determines the evaluation unit 12 adds up corresponding to the number of transducers resulting bit patterns 42, 44, 46.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de transmission simultanée à une unité d'évaluation (12), par l'intermédiaire d'un bus (16), de valeurs de processus numériques (30, 32, 34) effectuées par une pluralité de transducteurs (18). Les valeurs de processus (30, 32, 34) fournies sur le bus (16) par les transducteurs (18) influent de manière cumulative sur une grandeur de modulation des transducteurs (18). L'invention concerne également un dispositif fonctionnement selon ledit procédé, par ex. une unité d'évaluation de ce type. Selon l'invention, l'unité d'évaluation (12) compare les valeurs de processus (30, 32, 34) indiquées sur le bus (16), sur la base de la grandeur de modulation, avec un nombre de valeurs seuils (36, 38, 40) adapté au nombre de transducteurs (18) raccordés, ladite unité d'évaluation (12) déterminant une configuration binaire pour chaque valeur seuil (36, 38, 40) sur la base de la grandeur de modulation et ladite unité d'évaluation (12) additionnant les configurations binaires (42, 44, 46) résultantes conformément au nombre de transducteurs (18).
PCT/EP2011/055858 2011-04-13 2011-04-13 Procédé de transmission simultanée de valeurs de processus numériques, unité d'évaluation s'utilisant dans le cadre d'un tel procédé et appareil d'automatisation doté d'une telle unité d'évaluation WO2012139646A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2011/055858 WO2012139646A1 (fr) 2011-04-13 2011-04-13 Procédé de transmission simultanée de valeurs de processus numériques, unité d'évaluation s'utilisant dans le cadre d'un tel procédé et appareil d'automatisation doté d'une telle unité d'évaluation

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2011/055858 WO2012139646A1 (fr) 2011-04-13 2011-04-13 Procédé de transmission simultanée de valeurs de processus numériques, unité d'évaluation s'utilisant dans le cadre d'un tel procédé et appareil d'automatisation doté d'une telle unité d'évaluation

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3464058A (en) * 1967-08-10 1969-08-26 Schlumberger Technology Corp Method and apparatus for transmitting signals from a tool in a borehole
US20040203559A1 (en) * 2003-04-09 2004-10-14 Stojanovic Vladimir M. Partial response receiver

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3464058A (en) * 1967-08-10 1969-08-26 Schlumberger Technology Corp Method and apparatus for transmitting signals from a tool in a borehole
US20040203559A1 (en) * 2003-04-09 2004-10-14 Stojanovic Vladimir M. Partial response receiver

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