WO2012138831A1 - Four à oxygène et gaz combustible et procédé de chauffage d'un matériau dans un four à oxygène et gaz combustible - Google Patents

Four à oxygène et gaz combustible et procédé de chauffage d'un matériau dans un four à oxygène et gaz combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012138831A1
WO2012138831A1 PCT/US2012/032273 US2012032273W WO2012138831A1 WO 2012138831 A1 WO2012138831 A1 WO 2012138831A1 US 2012032273 W US2012032273 W US 2012032273W WO 2012138831 A1 WO2012138831 A1 WO 2012138831A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oxy
fuel
enclosure
vortex
furnace
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2012/032273
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Gregory J. BURAGINO
Shailesh Pradeep Gangoli
Xiaoyi He
Aleksandar Georgi Slavejkov
Original Assignee
Air Products And Chemicals, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. filed Critical Air Products And Chemicals, Inc.
Priority to MX2013011077A priority Critical patent/MX2013011077A/es
Priority to EP12714494.7A priority patent/EP2694877A1/fr
Priority to KR1020137028725A priority patent/KR20130137036A/ko
Priority to CN2012800161873A priority patent/CN103443541A/zh
Priority to CA2853477A priority patent/CA2853477C/fr
Priority to BR112013025347A priority patent/BR112013025347A2/pt
Publication of WO2012138831A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012138831A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
    • F23C5/08—Disposition of burners
    • F23C5/32—Disposition of burners to obtain rotating flames, i.e. flames moving helically or spirally
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F23C3/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber being arranged for cyclonic combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D91/00—Burners specially adapted for specific applications, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/007—Supplying oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • OXY-FUEL FURNACE AND METHOD OF HEATING MATERIAL IN AN OXY-FUEL
  • the present invention is directed to systems and methods of heating materials. More specifically, the present invention is directed to oxy-fuel furnaces and methods of heating material by using oxy-fuel furnaces.
  • NOx Nitrogen oxides
  • the secondary metals industry is generally considered to be a major source of NOx pollution and therefore is subject to stringent regulations on NOx emissions.
  • the reduction of NOx production in combustion processes becomes more important in this industry as the demand for metals increases while environmental regulations on NOx become increasingly stringent.
  • Full oxy-fuel combustion theoretically can produce very low NOx emissions due to the lack of nitrogen in the oxidant.
  • a method for heating material in an oxy-fuel furnace includes combusting oxygen and fuel with an oxy-fuel burner arrangement in the oxy-fuel furnace forming combustion gases, and maintaining a vortex including the combustion gases within a central region of an enclosure of the oxy-fuel furnace.
  • the oxy-fuel burner arrangement includes a plurality of high momentum oxy-fuel burners arranged at an angle to generate the vortex, the angle being greater than 15 degrees but less than 75 degrees with respect to a furnace wall boundary of the enclosure.
  • a method for heating material in an oxy-fuel furnace includes combusting oxygen and fuel with an oxy-fuel burner arrangement in the oxy-fuel furnace forming combustion gases, and maintaining a vortex including the combustion gases within a central region of an enclosure of the oxy-fuel furnace.
  • the vortex has an angular velocity of greater than 0.07 radians per second.
  • an oxy-fuel furnace includes an oxy-fuel burner arrangement including at least two high momentum oxy-fuel burners having high shape factor nozzles, and an enclosure.
  • the oxy-fuel burner arrangement includes a plurality of high momentum oxy-fuel burners arranged at an angle to generate a vortex, the angle being greater than 15 degrees but less than 75 degrees with respect to a furnace wall boundary of the enclosure. The vortex increases convective heating within the enclosure and uniformity of heating within the enclosure.
  • FIGS. 1 through 4 are schematic drawings of oxy-fuel furnaces according to embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional schematic drawing of an oxy-fuel furnace according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a graphical comparison of an exemplary method of heating material in an oxy-fuel furnace according to the disclosure and other methods of heating material.
  • FIG. 7 is a graphical illustration of surface temperature as a function of time for an exemplary oxy-fuel furnace according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a comparative graphical illustration of surface temperatures of furnace walls and material due to operation of an oxy-fuel furnace without forming a vortex.
  • FIG. 9 is a graphical illustration of surface temperatures of furnace walls and material due to operation of an oxy-fuel furnace forming a vortex according to the disclosure.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure increase the convective contribution of heat transfer in an oxy-fuel heating process, decrease the cycle time for achieving certain temperatures, increase efficiency, or combinations thereof.
  • an oxy-fuel furnace 100 includes at least two high-momentum oxy-fuel burners 102 and an enclosure 104 generally defining a combustion zone within the oxy-fuel furnace 100.
  • the enclosure 104 is any suitable geometry and is defined by a furnace wall boundary 108.
  • the enclosure 104 is a cuboid or generally cuboid geometry.
  • the enclosure 104 is a cylindrical or generally cylindrical geometry.
  • the enclosure includes a central region, for example, defined by the burner axis of each of the burners 102, the burner axis being a line extending from the middle of the burner.
  • the oxy-fuel furnace 100 includes other suitable features as are necessary to maintain combustion, heating, other operational conditions, or
  • the enclosure 104 is configured for containing at least a portion of a vortex 106 of combustion gases, such as a furnace-scale vortex.
  • the vortex 106 is formed by offset firing of the burners 102 that entrains surrounding combustion gases into a flame zone within the enclosure 104, thereby resulting in a churning (or equilibration of gases) that forms the vortex 106, for example, by transporting the combustion gases.
  • the vortex 106 is used with spacious combustion, combustion achieved by entrainment of furnace gases in a flame zone.
  • the burners 102 form two different furnace gas recirculation currents, for example, a horizontal component and a vertical component that constrict the vortex 106 due to differential pressure within the enclosure 104.
  • the burners 102 are arranged and disposed for forming the vortex 106.
  • the oxy-fuel furnace 100 includes two of the burners 102 (see FIGS. 1 and 2), three of the burners 102, four of the burners 102 (see FIG. 3), or more than four of the burners 102.
  • the burners 102 are positioned on opposite sides of the enclosure 104 on the furnace wall boundary 108, in a staggered orientation.
  • two of the burners 102 are positioned on the furnace wall boundary 108 in an angular configuration.
  • four of the burners 102 are positioned on the furnace wall boundary 108 in an angular configuration.
  • Other embodiments include combinations of these
  • the burners 102 are any suitable burners capable of being used under high- momentum conditions, such as, the burners disclosed in U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No.
  • high-momentum refers to flow of gases through at least one channel of passageway of the burner 102 that is greater than about 5 lb-ft s 2 .
  • flow of gases through at least one channel of passageway of the burner 102 is greater than about 10 lb-ft s 2 , for example, as with natural gas having a flow rate between about 10 lb-ft s 2 and 70 lb-ft/s 2 , enabling firing at higher rates, improving cycle times, reducing localized overheating (such as overheating of thermocouples), or combinations thereof.
  • the term "high shape factor burner” refers to a burner having a nozzle perimeter or multiple perimeters that is/are greater than a perimeter of a circular nozzle.
  • a relative perimeter ratio (P re/ ) is a ratio of the perimeter of nozzle(s) of a high shape factor burner (such as, a non- circular burner) in comparison to the perimeter of a circular nozzle.
  • a high shape factor burner having a nozzle with a 1 .0 in 2 has a perimeter that is greater than 3.54 inches.
  • the high shape factor burner has a relative perimeter ratio of 1.96.
  • two or more of the burners 102 form the vortex 106 by being angled at angle ⁇ , with respect to the furnace wall boundary 108.
  • the angle ⁇ corresponds with the specific configuration of the oxy-fuel furnace 100 (for example, the geometry, the size, or combinations thereof), the materials to be heated (for example, metal or metallic materials, such as, ingots, sheets, cast materials, forged materials, aluminum, iron, steel, ferrous materials, non-ferrous materials, or combinations thereof), other suitable operational considerations (for example, flow rates, compositions of oxy-fuel, enclosure pressure, enclosure material, etc.), or a combination thereof.
  • the oxy-fuel includes a composition of at least 50 mol % oxygen in the oxidizer (for example, from an oxidizer flow of 95 mol % oxygen) and fuel (for example, natural gas, propane, syngas, low Btu fuels, etc.).
  • the angle ⁇ is greater than 15 degrees, greater than 30 degrees, greater than 45 degrees, greater than 60 degrees, less than 75 degrees, less than 60 degrees, less than 45 degrees, less than 30 degrees, or any suitable range subrange, combination, or sub-combination thereof.
  • the oxy-fuel furnace 100 enhances mixing and furnace gas entrainment that reduces the peak flame temperature and thermal NOx generation.
  • the enhanced mixing is caused by the burners 102 creating a lower pressure region having a first pressure within the vortex 106 and a higher pressure region having a second pressure that is proximal to the furnace wall boundary 108 of the enclosure 104.
  • Equation 1 The force (F in i) brought into the enclosure 104 of the furnace 100 by the flow of combustion gases through the burner 102 can be represented as shown in Equation 1 :
  • p in i refers to the density of combustion flow entering the enclosure 104 (for example, as measured in lb/ft 3 , dependent upon flame temperature).
  • Uini refers to the velocity of inlet flows entering the enclosure 104 (for example, as measured in ft/s).
  • Q in i refers to the total inlet flow rate into the enclosure 104 (for example, as measured in ft 3 /s).
  • the entrainment of furnace gases into the flame is enhanced by using nozzles in one or more of the burners 102 that have a high shape factor.
  • the actual flow achieved by strong interaction of the nozzles with the furnace gases can be represented as shown in Equation 2:
  • P re i refers to the relative perimeter ration and Q in i ⁇ P re i refers to the total actual inlet flow rate (for example, as measured in ft 3 /s).
  • p fum refers to the density of furnace gases within the enclosure 104 (for example, as measured in lb/ft 3 , dependent upon flame temperature).
  • Vf um refers to the volume of the enclosure 104 in the oxy-fuel furnace 100 (for example, as measured in ft 3 ).
  • u t refers to the tangential velocity of the Vortex at diameter d e inside the enclosure 104 (for example, as measured in ft s).
  • d e refers to a characteristic dimension of the Vortex 106 (for example, an equivalent diameter measured in ft).
  • the angular velocity ( ⁇ ⁇ ) of the vortex 106 is defined using Equation 4, which is based upon consolidation of equations 2 and 3:
  • Equation 4 p rat refers to a density ratio of inlet flows (p in i) to furnace gases (p fum )- The density ratio is between 0.8 for air-fuel combustion and 0.6 for oxy-fuel combustion due to the difference in flame temperature.
  • the burners 102 enhance a convective heat transfer component (in addition to a radiative heat transfer component) to increase uniformity and/or efficiency of heating.
  • a vortex-induced component of the convective heat transfer component increases uniformity and efficiency by using the burners 102.
  • the vortex-induced component is achieved by arranging and/or orienting the burners 102 such that the vortex 106 is formed and maintained within the enclosure 104.
  • the convective heat transfer reduces or eliminates direct impact of a flame on the material to be heated.
  • the vortex-induced component of the convective heat transfer component impacts between 15% and 75% of the (plan-view) area of the enclosure 104.
  • the convective heat transfer component impacts between 30% and 60%, between 30% and 45%, between 45% and 60%, about 15%, about 30%, about 45% about 60% about 75%, or any suitable range, sub-range, combination, or sub-combination thereof.
  • the vortex-induced component is increased by increasing the angular velocity ( ⁇ ⁇ ) of the vortex 106.
  • FIG. 6 shows profiles of heating steel ingots with the enclosure 104 being in a pit furnace under different configurations.
  • a vortex-induced heating profile 602 is based upon using the burners 102 to form the vortex 106 as described herein.
  • a one-sided-burner heating profile 604 is based upon using one-sided firing, positioning the steel ingots at an end distal from a burner and moving the steel ingots toward an end proximal to the burner.
  • An opposing-burner heating profile 606 is based upon having two burners on opposing walls of a furnace. The jets collide and have the tendency to overheat the steel ingots at the center of the pit furnace. The opposing- burner heating profile 606 also creates large heat flux gradients in comparison to the other configurations.
  • the vortex-induced heating profile 602, including the vortex-induced component is maintained within a temperature range of less than 25°F.
  • the vortex-induced heat profile 602 including the vortex-induced component is maintained within a temperature range of less than 10°F, less than 5°F, or is substantially constant.
  • the one-sided-burner heating profile 604 and the opposing-burner heating profile 606 exceed the temperature range of 25°F.
  • each profile corresponds with a maximum surface face temperature profile 702 and an average face temperature profile 704.
  • the maximum surface face temperature profile 702 is substantially consistent over time for the vortex- induced heat profile 602 and the opposing-burner heating profile 606.
  • the average face temperature profile 704 bifurcates over time permitting a decrease in cycle time for achieving a predetermined average face temperature under the vortex-induced heat profile 602 in comparison to the opposing-burner heating profile 606.
  • the decrease in cycle time is at least 10%, between 10% and 20%, about 15%, or any suitable range, sub-range, combination, or sub-combination thereof.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 comparatively illustrate the heating of the material within the enclosure 104 according to the vortex-induced heat profile 602 (see FIG. 9) in contrast to the opposing-burner heating profile 606 (see FIG. 8).
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the temperature of walls within an enclosure heated by the opposing-burner heating profile 606
  • FIG. 9 illustrates the temperature of the furnace wall boundary 108 heated by the vortex-induced heat profile 602.
  • FIG. 8 shows that the opposing-burner heating profile 606 forms a hot spot 802.
  • the enclosure 104 has dimensions of 24ft x 9ft x 14ft.
  • the heating process uses an average of about 10 MMBTU/hr of air-fuel firing rate and about 6 MMBTU/hr of oxy-fuel firing rate (assuming 45% and 75% available heat in the enclosure 104, respectively) to form the vortex 106.
  • the angular velocity ( ⁇ ⁇ ) of the vortex 106 is calculated, for example, based upon Equations 1 through 4 above, and depends upon the fuel used and the burner used. For example, air fuel combustion with a staggered burner configuration (see FIG. 1 ) results in an angular velocity ( ⁇ ⁇ ) of 0.099 rad/s and an angled burner configuration (see FIG. 2) results in an angular velocity ( ⁇ ⁇ ) of 0.087 rad/s.
  • Low-momentum oxy-fuel combustion with a staggered burner configuration results in an angular velocity ( ⁇ ⁇ ) of 0.035 rad/s and an angled burner configuration (see FIG.
  • the burners 102 of the furnace 100 are arranged and operated such that the vortex has an angular velocity that is greater than a corresponding angular velocity for an air-fuel combustion vortex that would be formed by air-fuel combustion, for example, being at least 0.07 radians per second.
  • the vortex 106 formed by combusting the oxy- fuel with the burners 102 having non-circular nozzles has an angular velocity that is 10% greater than a vortex that would be formed by air-fuel combustion, 40% greater than the vortex 106 formed by the burners 102 having the circular nozzles, 200% greater than a vortex that would be formed by low-momentum oxy-fuel combustion, or a combination thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un four à oxygène et gaz combustible et sur un procédé de chauffage d'un matériau dans un four à oxygène et gaz combustible. Ledit procédé comprend la combustion d'oxygène et de gaz combustible à l'aide d'une configuration de brûleurs à oxygène et gaz combustible dans ledit four à oxygène et gaz combustible, la formation de gaz de combustion, et le maintien d'un tourbillon contenant les gaz de combustion dans une zone centrale de l'enceinte du four à oxygène et gaz combustible. Ladite configuration de brûleurs à oxygène et gaz combustible comporte une pluralité de brûleurs à oxygène et gaz combustible ayant une vitesse élevée, qui sont disposés selon un certain angle afin de créer le tourbillon, cet angle étant de plus de 15 degrés mais de moins de 75 degrés par rapport à la limite d'une paroi du four qui appartient à l'enceinte, une vitesse angulaire de plus de 0,07 radian par seconde, ou une combinaison de ces caractéristiques. Le four présente une configuration de brûleurs à oxygène et gaz combustible constituée d'au moins deux brûleurs à oxygène et gaz combustible ayant une vitesse élevée qui sont dotés de géométries de buses à facteur de forme élevé, et une enceinte. Le tourbillon favorise le chauffage par convection à l'intérieur de l'enceinte, et il rend le chauffage à l'intérieur de l'enceinte plus homogène.
PCT/US2012/032273 2011-04-05 2012-04-05 Four à oxygène et gaz combustible et procédé de chauffage d'un matériau dans un four à oxygène et gaz combustible WO2012138831A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
MX2013011077A MX2013011077A (es) 2011-04-05 2012-04-05 Horno de oxi-combustible y metodo para calentar material en un horno de oxi-combustible.
EP12714494.7A EP2694877A1 (fr) 2011-04-05 2012-04-05 Four à oxygène et gaz combustible et procédé de chauffage d'un matériau dans un four à oxygène et gaz combustible
KR1020137028725A KR20130137036A (ko) 2011-04-05 2012-04-05 산소-연료 용광로 및 산소-연료 용광로 내에서 물질을 가열하는 방법
CN2012800161873A CN103443541A (zh) 2011-04-05 2012-04-05 氧-燃料炉和在氧-燃料炉中加热材料的方法
CA2853477A CA2853477C (fr) 2011-04-05 2012-04-05 Four a oxygene et gaz combustible et procede de chauffage d'un materiau dans un four a oxygene et gaz combustible
BR112013025347A BR112013025347A2 (pt) 2011-04-05 2012-04-05 método para aquecimento de material e um forno do tipo oxi-combustível, e forno do tipo oxi-combustível

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201161471900P 2011-04-05 2011-04-05
US61/471,900 2011-04-05

Publications (1)

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WO2012138831A1 true WO2012138831A1 (fr) 2012-10-11

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Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20130095437A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2694877A1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20130137036A (fr)
CN (1) CN103443541A (fr)
BR (1) BR112013025347A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2853477C (fr)
MX (1) MX2013011077A (fr)
WO (1) WO2012138831A1 (fr)

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EP2694877A1 (fr) 2014-02-12
US20130095437A1 (en) 2013-04-18
CA2853477C (fr) 2016-01-19
MX2013011077A (es) 2013-10-17
CA2853477A1 (fr) 2013-10-11
KR20130137036A (ko) 2013-12-13
CN103443541A (zh) 2013-12-11
BR112013025347A2 (pt) 2019-09-24

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