WO2012136071A1 - 一种发动机可变配气机构 - Google Patents

一种发动机可变配气机构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012136071A1
WO2012136071A1 PCT/CN2011/084613 CN2011084613W WO2012136071A1 WO 2012136071 A1 WO2012136071 A1 WO 2012136071A1 CN 2011084613 W CN2011084613 W CN 2011084613W WO 2012136071 A1 WO2012136071 A1 WO 2012136071A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rocker arm
stage
engine
variable valve
stage rocker
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2011/084613
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘和义
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wuhu Power Technology Research Co Ltd
Chery Automobile Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Wuhu Power Technology Research Co Ltd
Chery Automobile Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wuhu Power Technology Research Co Ltd, Chery Automobile Co Ltd filed Critical Wuhu Power Technology Research Co Ltd
Publication of WO2012136071A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012136071A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0021—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of rocker arm ratio
    • F01L13/0026—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of rocker arm ratio by means of an eccentric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0063—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of cam contact point by displacing an intermediate lever or wedge-shaped intermediate element, e.g. Tourtelot
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L1/185—Overhead end-pivot rocking arms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/20—Adjusting or compensating clearance
    • F01L1/22—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically
    • F01L1/24—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically
    • F01L1/2405—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically by means of a hydraulic adjusting device located between the cylinder head and rocker arm
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/26—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of two or more valves operated simultaneously by same transmitting-gear; peculiar to machines or engines with more than two lift-valves per cylinder
    • F01L1/267—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of two or more valves operated simultaneously by same transmitting-gear; peculiar to machines or engines with more than two lift-valves per cylinder with means for varying the timing or the lift of the valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047—Camshafts
    • F01L1/053—Camshafts overhead type
    • F01L2001/0537—Double overhead camshafts [DOHC]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0063—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of cam contact point by displacing an intermediate lever or wedge-shaped intermediate element, e.g. Tourtelot
    • F01L2013/0068—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of cam contact point by displacing an intermediate lever or wedge-shaped intermediate element, e.g. Tourtelot with an oscillating cam acting on the valve of the "BMW-Valvetronic" type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2305/00—Valve arrangements comprising rollers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of engine engine manufacturing technology, and in particular to an engine variable valve train.
  • Valves for controlling the engine charge exchange process have three main characteristic parameters: valve opening phase, valve opening continuous angle (i.e., the crank angle at which the valve remains open) and valve lift.
  • valve opening phase valve opening continuous angle (i.e., the crank angle at which the valve remains open)
  • valve lift valve lift
  • valve opening continuous angle i.e., the crank angle at which the valve remains open
  • valve lift valve lift
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an engine variable valve train having a simple structure, high control precision, and a significant change in valve lift curve.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an engine variable valve train comprising a guide block: fixed on a support of an engine cylinder head, movably connected to a fulcrum above the first stage rocker arm, and having the said The trajectory moves the track; the first stage rocker arm: the needle bearing forms a cam connection with the engine camshaft, the first stage rocker arm is further provided with a returning device, and the lower side of the first stage rocker arm is a working face, and the working face includes a base circle The surface and the actual action surface, the base circular surface is a curved surface centered on the fulcrum above the first stage rocker arm, and the actual action surface is a plane or a curved surface connected to the base circular surface; One side of the stage rocker arm is connected to the tappet fixed to the engine, and the other
  • the second stage rocker arm is in close contact with the working face below the first stage rocker arm through the needle bearing; Adjustment mechanism: with the first stage shake The arm is movably connected to change the position of the fulcrum above the first stage rocker arm; the first stage rocker arm can swing around the fulcrum under the action of the cam shaft, and press the needle shaft of the secondary rocker arm downward through the lower working face The two swing arm about a connection point of the oscillating tappet, so as to drive the valve.
  • the track is an arc of a circle centered on a needle bearing of a secondary rocker arm. a rail for moving the fulcrum above the first level rocker
  • the track is an arc, which matches the base circle below the first stage rocker arm.
  • the actual working surface is a downwardly curved arc surface connected to the base circular surface.
  • the actual working surface can be a plane or a curved surface, and the curved surface can provide an effective valve lift relative to the plane.
  • the first stage rocker arm is composed of two or more rocker arms, and the rocker arm is fixedly connected with a shaft with a needle bearing, and the fulcrum above the first stage rocker arm is Needle bearing on the shaft.
  • the present invention is applicable to two or more valves, and as long as the primary rocker arms of the valves are connected to the same shaft, the adjustment mechanism can simultaneously change the lift of the valves by driving the shaft.
  • the adjustment mechanism is driven by a stepper motor.
  • the stepping motor drives the adjustment mechanism to move the fulcrum of the first stage rocker between the designed points in the guide block, which can meet the requirements of the valve lift in response to the actual variable conditions.
  • the returning device is one or more torsion springs, one end of which is fixed to the guiding block or the engine cylinder head, and the other end abuts against the other side of the primary rocker arm with respect to the camshaft.
  • the function of the returning device is to keep the first-stage rocker arm in cam connection with the camshaft for energy storage.
  • One or more torsion springs fixed to the guide block or the engine cylinder head can be used, and the other end of the torsion spring is abutted. Rely on the other side of the primary rocker arm relative to the camshaft.
  • the first stage rocker arm is provided with a limiting groove at abutment of the torsion spring.
  • a limit groove may be provided on the primary rocker arm.
  • the invention adjusts the position of the fulcrum above the first-stage rocker arm by adjusting the mechanism and the track provided by the guiding block, thereby adjusting the lift of the camshaft through the first-stage rocker arm and the second-stage rocker arm to the valve, thereby changing the valve.
  • the purpose of the lift is not limited to the lift.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a variable valve air distribution mechanism of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a maximum valve lift of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a minimum valve lift of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of the engine variable valve mechanism of the present invention for removing the engine head
  • Figure 5 is a valve lift curve obtained by the variable valve train of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a view of the valve lift of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a guide block and a returning device of the variable valve train of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a first stage rocker structure of the variable valve train of the present invention
  • 9 is a schematic structural view of an eccentric shaft of an adjusting mechanism of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a connecting arm of the adjusting mechanism of the present invention.
  • the engine variable valve train of the present invention comprising a guide block 1: fixed on the support of the engine head 2, movably connected with the fulcrum 31 above the primary rocker arm 3, and having The track 11 for moving the fulcrum 31; the first stage rocker arm 3: is connected to the engine camshaft 20 by a needle bearing 32, and the first stage rocker arm 3 is further provided with a returning device 33, and the lower part of the first stage rocker arm 3 is working.
  • the working surface 34 includes a base circular surface 341 and a practical acting surface 342.
  • the base circular surface 341 is a curved surface centered on the fulcrum 31 above the first stage rocker arm 3.
  • the actual working surface 342 is connected to the base circular surface 341.
  • the secondary rocker 4 one side of the secondary rocker arm 4 is connected to the tappet 5 fixed to the engine, the other side is hinged to the valve 6, and the secondary rocker arm 4 is passed through the needle bearing 41 and the first stage.
  • the working surface 34 under the rocker arm 3 is in close contact;
  • the adjusting mechanism 7 is movably connected with the first stage rocker arm 3, and can change the position of the fulcrum 31 above the first stage rocker arm 3; the first stage rocker arm 3 can be operated by the cam shaft 4 Swinging around the fulcrum 31, and pressing the needle bearing 41 of the secondary rocker arm 4 downward through the lower working surface 34, so that The rocker arm 4 about the connection point of the oscillating tappet 5, so as to drive the valve 6.
  • the track 11 of the guide block 1 is a circular arc centered on the needle bearing 41 of the secondary rocker arm 4, as shown in Fig. 6, so that when the fulcrum 31 above the primary rocker arm 3 moves within the circular arc track 11, When the valve lifts, the valve lift curve changes more regularly, which is beneficial to regulation.
  • a weight reducing hole 12 is also provided on the guide block 1.
  • the structure of the guide block 1 and the returning device 9 of this embodiment is as shown in FIG.
  • the actual working surface 342 of the primary rocker arm 3 is a downward curved curved surface that is connected to the base circular surface 341, and provides an effective valve lift with respect to the plane.
  • the first stage rocker arm 3 is composed of two rocker arms 301 and 302, and the rocker arms 301 and 302 are fixedly connected to a shaft 310 with a needle bearing 31, so that the fulcrum 31 above the first stage rocker arm 3 is
  • the needle bearing 31 on the shaft 310 is as shown in FIG.
  • the invention is applicable to two or more valves, as long as the first stage rocker arms of the valves are connected to the same shaft 310,
  • the entire mechanism 7 can simultaneously change the lift of these valves by driving the shaft 310.
  • each valve can be controlled by a separate adjustment mechanism to meet the different displacement requirements of the multi-cylinder engine.
  • the adjustment mechanism 7 is driven by a stepping motor.
  • the adjustment mechanism of the present invention can be various, as long as the fulcrum 31 above the primary rocker arm 3 can be moved within the rail 11 of the guide block 1 and can be fixed at a fixed point.
  • the adjusting mechanism 7 of the present embodiment is an eccentric shaft 8 movably connected to the shaft 310 via the connecting arm 71.
  • the eccentric shaft 8 has an eccentric wheel 81, and the connecting arm 71 is mounted on the eccentric 81, as shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. Show.
  • the eccentric shaft 81 is driven by a synchronous motor such that the eccentric shaft 81 is driven by the synchronous motor to rotate the link arm 71, so that the fulcrum 31 of the shaft 310 of the primary rocker arm is moved within the track 11 of the guide block 1.
  • the eccentric shaft 8 Due to the motion characteristics of the synchronous motor, the eccentric shaft 8 is rotated by a certain angle each time, and the fulcrum 31 above the first stage rocker arm correspondingly moves to a plurality of fixed points in the track 11 of the guide block 1, and each corresponding fixed point corresponds to a different valve of the engine.
  • the lift curve is shown in Figure 5.
  • the eccentric angle of the eccentric shaft 9 is adjusted according to the different working conditions of the engine, and the engine valve lift that satisfies the requirements of different working conditions can be obtained.
  • the eccentric angle of the eccentric shaft 8 of the present embodiment can be designed to be 180 degrees.
  • the function of the returning device of the present invention causes the primary rocker arm 3 to always be in cam connection with the camshaft 20.
  • the returning device of this embodiment is two torsion springs 9, one end of which is fixed to the guiding block 1 and the other end abuts against the other side of the primary rocker arm 3 with respect to the camshaft 20.
  • the primary rocker arm 3 is provided with a limiting groove 35 at the abutment of the torsion spring 9, as shown in FIG.
  • the working principle of the invention is: the fulcrum 31 above the first-stage rocker arm 3 is moved in the rail 11 of the guiding block 1 by the adjusting mechanism 7, thereby adjusting the position of the fulcrum 31 above the first-stage rocker arm 3, thereby changing the first-level shaking
  • the lift of the arm 3 actually acts on the secondary rocker arm 4 to change the lift of the valve 6; below the primary rocker arm 3 is the base circular surface 341 and the actual working surface 342, when the engine working condition requires a minimum lift,
  • the fulcrum 31 above the primary rocker arm 3 can be moved to the designated position, as shown in FIG.
  • the base circular surface 341 is opposite to the other end of the actual working surface, such that the working surface of the needle bearing 41 which is rolled under the secondary rocker arm 4 under the first rocker arm 3 during the transmission of the power of the camshaft 20 is first the base circular surface 341. Then, the actual working surface 342 is obtained.
  • the base circular surface 341 is a curved surface centered on the fulcrum 31 above the first stage rocker arm 3, when the base circular surface 341 rolls over the needle bearing 41 of the secondary rocker arm 4, The valve 6 does not actually work, actually shielding the lift of the valve 6; To maximize the lift, the three-point fulcrum 31 on the primary rocker arm can be moved to the designated position, as shown in Fig. 2, at this time, the working surface 34 below the primary rocker arm 3 and the needle roller of the secondary rocker arm 4 The initial contact point of the bearing 41 is the junction of the base circular surface 341 and the actual working surface 342, so that the primary rocker arm 3 actually rolls over the needle bearing 41 of the secondary rocker arm 4 during the transmission of power from the camshaft 20.
  • the face has only the actual working face 342, and does not pass through the base circular face 341 of the lift of the shielding valve 6, at which point the maximum valve lift can be obtained.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Description

说 明 书
一种发动机可变配气机构
技术领域 本发明设计发动机机制造技术领域， 具体涉及一种发动机可变配气机构。
背景技术 控制发动机充量交换过程的气门，其特性参数主要有三个:气门开启相位、气门开启持续 角度（即气门保持开启持续的曲轴转角）和气门升程。 随着发动机转速和负荷的改变,对阀系 的最佳特性需求是不同的。 为了提高功率,要提早开启、 推迟关闭进气门，并提高进气门的 升程； 为了提高低速扭矩,需要较小的气门升程。 在传统的发动机中，由于这三个特性参数 在发动机运行过程中不能改变,往往将气门正时设计成高速全负荷工况最为有利， 以便求得 最大的标定功率。 近年来由于更注重油耗和排放， 所以将气门正时和升程设计成可变的，以 满足发动机复杂的工况对气门升程的不同需求。
发明内容 本发明的目的是提出一种结构简单， 控制精度高， 气门升程曲线变化明显的发动机可变 配气机构。 为了实现上述目的本发明采取的技术方案是： 一种发动机可变配气机构， 包括导向块: 固定在发动机缸盖的支撑上， 与一级摇臂上方的支点活动连接， 并且具有供所述支点移动 的轨道； 一级摇臂： 通过滚针轴承与发动机凸轮轴构成凸轮连接， 一级摇臂还设有回位装 置， 一级摇臂的下方为工作面， 所述工作面包括基圆面和实际作用面， 所述基圆面为一段 以一级摇臂上方的支点为圆心的弧面， 所述实际作用面为与基圆面连接的平面或弧面； 二 级摇臂： 二级摇臂的一侧与固定在发动机上的挺柱连接， 另一侧与气门铰接， 二级摇臂通 过滚针轴承与一级摇臂下方的工作面紧密接触； 调整机构： 与一级摇臂活动连接， 可使一 级摇臂上方的支点改变位置； 一级摇臂可在凸轮轴作用下绕支点摆动， 并通过下方的工作 面往下压迫二级摇臂的滚针轴承， 使二级摇臂绕着与挺柱的连接点摆动， 进而带动气门。
所述轨道为一段以二级摇臂的滚针轴承为圆心的圆弧。供一级摇臂上方的支点移动的轨 道为圆弧， 配合一级摇臂下方的基圆面， 这样当一级摇臂上方的支点在圆弧轨道内移动改 变气门升程时， 气门升程曲线变化规律更好， 利于调控。 所述实际工作面为与基圆面连接的向下弯的弧面。实际工作面可以是平面或弧面， 弧面 相对平面更能提供有效的气门升程。 所述一级摇臂由两个或两个以上的摇臂组成，所述摇臂的上方均与一根带有滚针轴承的 轴固定连接， 所述一级摇臂上方的支点为所述轴上的滚针轴承。 本发明适用于两个或多个 气门， 只要这些气门的一级摇臂均连在同一根轴上， 调整机构就可以通过带动此轴实现这 些气门的升程的同时改变。 所述调整机构由步进电机驱动。通过步进电机驱动调整机构， 使一级摇臂的支点在导向 块内设计好的各点之间移动， 就可以对应实际多变的工况对气门升程的要求。 所述回位装置为一个或多个扭力弹簧，所述扭力弹簧的一端与所述导向块或发动机缸盖 固定， 另一端抵靠在一级摇臂相对凸轮轴的另一侧。 回位装置的作用是使一级摇臂始终保 持与凸轮轴构成凸轮连接， 起到蓄能作用， 可以采用一个或多个与导向块或发动机缸盖固 定的扭力弹簧， 扭力弹簧的另一端抵靠在一级摇臂相对凸轮轴的另一侧。 所述一级摇臂在扭力弹簧抵靠处设有限位槽。为了防止上述扭力弹簧抵靠在一级摇臂的 一端移位， 可在一级摇臂上设置限位槽。 本发明通过调整机构以及导向块提供的轨道， 使一级摇臂上方的支点改变位置， 从而调 节凸轮轴依次经过一级摇臂和二级摇臂实际作用到气门上的升程， 达到改变气门升程的目 的。
附图说明 为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案， 下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的 附图作简单地介绍， 显而易见地， 下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例， 对于本 领域普通技术人员来讲， 在不付出创造性劳动的前提下， 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的 附图。
图 1是本发明的发动机可变配气机构的结构示意图； 图 2是本发明的最大气门升程时的结构示意图； 图 3是本发明的最小气门升程时的结构示意图； 图 4是本发明的发动机可变配气机构移除发动机缸盖的立体视图； 图 5是本发明的可变配气机构的作用下可获得的气门升程曲线图； 图 6是本发明的可变配气机构的几何关系说明图； 图 7是本发明的可变配气机构的导向块和回位装置的结构示意图； 图 8是本发明的可变配气机构的一级摇臂结构示意图； 图 9是本发明的调整机构的偏心轴的结构示意图； 图 10是本发明的调整机构的连接臂的结构示意图。
具体实施方式 为使本发明的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚， 下面将结合附图对本发明实施方式作 进一步地详细描述。
如图 1、 2、 3、 4， 本发明的发动机可变配气机构， 包括导向块 1 : 固定在发动机缸盖 2 的支撑上， 与一级摇臂 3上方的支点 31活动连接， 并且具有供支点 31移动的轨道 11 ; 一 级摇臂 3: 通过滚针轴承 32与发动机凸轮轴 20构成凸轮连接， 一级摇臂 3还设有回位装置 33， 一级摇臂 3的下方为工作面 34， 工作面 34包括基圆面 341和实际作用面 342， 基圆面 341为一段以一级摇臂 3上方的支点 31为圆心的弧面， 实际作用面 342为与基圆面 341连 接的弧面； 二级摇臂 4: 二级摇臂 4的一侧与固定在发动机上的挺柱 5连接， 另一侧与气门 6铰接，二级摇臂 4通过滚针轴承 41与一级摇臂 3下方的工作面 34紧密接触；调整机构 7: 与一级摇臂 3活动连接， 可使一级摇臂 3上方的支点 31改变位置； 一级摇臂 3可在凸轮轴 4作用下绕支点 31摆动， 并通过下方的工作面 34往下压迫二级摇臂 4的滚针轴承 41， 使 二级摇臂 4绕着与挺柱 5的连接点摆动， 进而带动气门 6。 导向块 1的轨道 11为一段以二 级摇臂 4的滚针轴承 41为圆心的圆弧， 如图 6所示， 这样当一级摇臂 3上方的支点 31在 圆弧轨道 11内移动改变气门升程时， 气门升程曲线变化规律更好， 利于调控。 导向块 1上 还设有减重孔 12。 本实施例的导向块 1与回位装置 9的结构如图 7所示。 一级摇臂 3的实 际工作面 342为与基圆面 341连接的向下弯的弧面， 相对平面更能提供有效的气门升程。 一级摇臂 3由两个摇臂 301和 302组成， 摇臂 301和 302的上方均与一根带有滚针轴承 31 的轴 310固定连接， 这样一级摇臂 3上方的支点 31就为轴 310上的滚针轴承 31， 如图 8所 示。 本发明适用于两个或多个气门， 只要这些气门的一级摇臂均连在同一根轴 310 上， 调 整机构 7就可以通过带动轴 310实现这些气门的升程同时改变。 又或者通过优化结构， 可 以使每个气门由单独的调整机构控制， 以满足多缸发动机对不同排量的要求。 调整机构 7由步进电机驱动。本发明的调整机构可以有多种， 只要能使一级摇臂 3上方 的支点 31在导向块 1的轨道 11内移动并且可以在固定点固定即可。本实施例的调整机构 7 为通过连接臂 71与轴 310活动连接的一根偏心轴 8， 偏心轴 8上有偏心轮 81， 连接臂 71 安装在偏心轮 81上， 如图 9和图 10所示。 偏心轴 81由同步电机驱动， 这样偏心轴 81由 同步电机驱动发生旋转时便会带动连接臂 71，从而拖动一级摇臂的轴 310的支点 31在导向 块 1的轨道 11内移动。 由于同步电机的运动特性， 偏心轴 8每次均转动一定角度， 一级摇 臂上方的支点 31对应运动到导向块 1的轨道 11 内的多个定点， 相应的每个定点对应发动 机不同的气门升程曲线， 如图 5所示。本实施例中根据发动机不同的工况要求调整偏心轴 9 的偏心角度， 便可得到满足不同工况要求的发动机气门升程。 同时， 为了保证精确的调整 精度和足够大的调整范围， 本实施例的偏心轴 8的偏心角度可以设计到 180度。 本发明的回位装置的作用使一级摇臂 3始终与凸轮轴 20构成凸轮连接。 本实施例的回 位装置为两个扭力弹簧 9， 扭力弹簧 9的一端与导向块 1固定， 另一端抵靠在一级摇臂 3相 对凸轮轴 20的另一侧。 而为了防止上述扭力弹簧 9抵靠在一级摇臂 3的一端移位， 一级摇 臂 3在扭力弹簧 9抵靠处设有限位槽 35， 如图 8所示。 本发明的工作原理为： 通过调整机构 7使一级摇臂 3上方的支点 31在导向块 1的轨道 11内移动， 以此调整一级摇臂 3上方支点 31的位置， 进而改变一级摇臂 3实际作用到二级 摇臂 4上的升程从而改变气门 6的升程； 一级摇臂 3下方为基圆面 341和实际工作面 342， 在发动机的工况需要最小升程时， 可使一级摇臂 3上方的支点 31移动到指定位置， 如图 3 所示， 此时一级摇臂 3下方的工作面 34与二级摇臂 4的滚针轴承 41的初始接触点为基圆 面 341相对实际工作面的另一端， 这样一级摇臂 3在凸轮轴 20传递动力过程中， 其下方滚 过二级摇臂 4的滚针轴承 41的工作面先是基圆面 341， 然后才到实际工作面 342， 由于基 圆面 341为一段以一级摇臂 3上方的支点 31为圆心的弧面， 所以基圆面 341滚过二级摇臂 4的滚针轴承 41时， 气门 6实际没有工作， 实际上屏蔽了气门 6的升程； 在发动机的工况 需要最大升程时， 可使一级摇臂上 3方的支点 31移动到指定位置， 如图 2所示， 此时一级 摇臂 3下方的工作面 34与二级摇臂 4的滚针轴承 41的初始接触点为基圆面 341与实际工 作面 342的连接处， 这样一级摇臂 3在凸轮轴 20传递动力过程中， 实际滚过二级摇臂 4的 滚针轴承 41的工作面只有实际工作面 342， 没有经过屏蔽气门 6的升程的基圆面 341， 此 时可获得最大气门升程。 以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例， 并不用以限制本发明， 凡在本发明的精神和原则 之内， 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等， 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书 、 一种发动机可变配气机构， 其特征在于， 包括： 导向块： 固定在发动机缸盖的支撑上， 与一级摇臂上方的支点活动连接， 并且具有供所 述支点移动的轨道； 一级摇臂： 通过滚针轴承与发动机凸轮轴构成凸轮连接， 一级摇臂还设有回位装置， 一 级摇臂的下方为工作面， 所述工作面包括基圆面和实际作用面， 所述基圆面为一段以一 级摇臂上方的支点为圆心的弧面， 所述实际作用面为与基圆面连接的平面或弧面； 二级摇臂： 二级摇臂的一侧与固定在发动机上的挺柱连接， 另一侧与气门铰接， 二级摇 臂通过滚针轴承与一级摇臂下方的工作面紧密接触； 调整机构： 与一级摇臂活动连接， 可使一级摇臂上方的支点改变位置； 一级摇臂可在凸轮轴作用下绕支点摆动， 并通过下方的工作面往下压迫二级摇臂的滚针 轴承， 使二级摇臂绕着与挺柱的连接点摆动， 进而带动气门。 、 根据权利要求 1 所述的发动机可变配气机构， 其特征在于， 所述轨道为一段以二级摇臂 的滚针轴承为圆心的圆弧。 、 根据权利要求 1 所述的发动机可变配气机构， 其特征在于， 所述实际工作面为与基圆面 连接的向下弯的弧面。 、 根据权利要求 1 所述的发动机可变配气机构， 其特征在于， 所述一级摇臂由两个或两个 以上的摇臂组成， 所述摇臂的上方均与一根带有滚针轴承的轴固定连接， 所述一级摇臂 上方的支点为所述轴上的滚针轴承。 、 根据权利要求 1、 2、 3或 4所述的发动机可变配气机构， 其特征在于， 所述调整机构由 步进电机驱动。 、 根据权利要求 1-5任一项所述的发动机可变配气机构， 其特征在于， 所述回位装置为一 个或多个扭力弹簧， 所述扭力弹簧的一端与所述导向块或发动机缸盖固定， 另一端抵靠 在一级摇臂相对凸轮轴的另一侧。 、 根据权利要求 1-6任一项所述的发动机可变配气机构， 其特征在于， 所述一级摇臂在扭 力弹簧抵靠处设有限位槽。
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