WO2012132920A1 - 炭化水素の製造方法 - Google Patents
炭化水素の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012132920A1 WO2012132920A1 PCT/JP2012/056664 JP2012056664W WO2012132920A1 WO 2012132920 A1 WO2012132920 A1 WO 2012132920A1 JP 2012056664 W JP2012056664 W JP 2012056664W WO 2012132920 A1 WO2012132920 A1 WO 2012132920A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
- C10G2/34—Apparatus, reactors
- C10G2/342—Apparatus, reactors with moving solid catalysts
- C10G2/344—Apparatus, reactors with moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised-bed" technique
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/005—Separating solid material from the gas/liquid stream
- B01J8/006—Separating solid material from the gas/liquid stream by filtration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/1836—Heating and cooling the reactor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/20—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium
- B01J8/22—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium gas being introduced into the liquid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
- C10G2/34—Apparatus, reactors
- C10G2/342—Apparatus, reactors with moving solid catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G31/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for
- C10G31/09—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by filtration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00115—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements inside the bed of solid particles
- B01J2208/00141—Coils
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00002—Chemical plants
- B01J2219/00004—Scale aspects
- B01J2219/00006—Large-scale industrial plants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing hydrocarbons by a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction using a bubble column type slurry bed reactor.
- FT synthesis reaction A method utilizing a reaction (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “FT synthesis reaction”) is known. Then, natural gas or the like is used as a raw material to produce a synthesis gas (mixed gas containing CO and H 2 as main components) by a reforming reaction, and a hydrocarbon is synthesized from the synthesis gas by an FT synthesis reaction.
- a technique for producing a liquid fuel by chemical treatment and fractional distillation is called a GTL (Gas To Liquids) process.
- a reactor bubble column type slurry bed reactor
- a conduit gas supply unit
- synthesis gas into the bottom of the reactor
- a filter for separating catalyst particles, a conduit for extracting liquid hydrocarbons (heavy liquid hydrocarbons) synthesized in the reactor and passing through the filter, and a part of the liquid hydrocarbons extracted through the conduit Hydrocarbons are produced by a reaction system including a mechanism for returning to the reactor and washing the filter.
- a backwash process is adopted in which a part of (heavy liquid hydrocarbon) is circulated through the filter in a direction opposite to the flow direction when the slurry is filtered.
- a gas phase part is provided in the upper part of the slurry in the reactor, and the reactor is produced by a synthesis gas (unreacted synthesis gas) that has not reacted while passing through the slurry, and an FT synthesis reaction.
- the light hydrocarbon which is a gas under the above conditions, moves from the slurry bed to the gas phase part, passes through the gas phase part, and is discharged from a conduit connected to the upper part of the reactor.
- the discharged unreacted synthesis gas and light hydrocarbons are cooled, and a part of the light hydrocarbons is condensed into liquid hydrocarbons (light liquid hydrocarbons). Gas-liquid separation from the synthesis gas of the reaction and mainly C4 or lower hydrocarbon gas).
- the gas is then recycled to the reactor to recycle unreacted synthesis gas, while light liquid hydrocarbons are supplied to the liquid hydrocarbon purification process.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a hydrocarbon production method that reduces the load of the filter by reducing the amount of liquid hydrocarbon that repeatedly passes through the filter. To do.
- the method for producing hydrocarbons of the present invention comprises a Fischer-Tropsch using a bubble column type slurry bed reactor in which a slurry containing catalyst particles and liquid hydrocarbons is held inside and a gas phase part is provided on the upper part of the slurry.
- An extraction step of extracting hydrogen a backwashing step of allowing liquid hydrocarbons to flow through the filter in a direction opposite to the flow direction of the slurry, and returning the catalyst particles deposited on the filter into the slurry bed in the reactor;
- the hydrocarbons which are gaseous under the conditions in the reactor discharged from the gas phase part of the reactor are cooled, and the condensed light liquid hydrocarbons are separated from the gaseous components.
- a cooling-liquid separation step of yield, a method for producing a hydrocarbon comprising a liquid hydrocarbon circulating in the backwashing step comprises light liquid hydrocarbons obtained by the cooling down and gas-liquid separation step.
- the light liquid hydrocarbon is a gaseous hydrocarbon under the conditions in the reactor in the cooling / gas-liquid separation step. It may be a light liquid hydrocarbon that condenses by cooling to a temperature lower than this temperature.
- the hydrocarbon production method may further include a recooling step for further cooling the light liquid hydrocarbon, and the light liquid hydrocarbon that has undergone the step may be subjected to the backwashing step.
- the liquid hydrocarbon circulated in the backwashing step may be a mixture of the light liquid hydrocarbon and the heavy liquid hydrocarbon extracted in the extraction step. Good.
- At least a part of the catalyst particles contained in the heavy liquid hydrocarbon extracted in the extraction step is further removed from the heavy liquid hydrocarbon in the mixture. It may be a thing.
- hydrocarbons that are gaseous under the conditions in the reactor discharged from the gas phase portion of the reactor are cooled as liquid hydrocarbons that are circulated through the filter in the backwashing step.
- the quantity of the liquid hydrocarbon (heavy liquid hydrocarbon) which passes repeatedly through a filter at the time of filtration of a slurry can be reduced. That is, since the light hydrocarbons returned to the reactor in the backwashing process are vaporized in the reactor and extracted from the gas phase part of the reactor, it becomes part of the slurry and passes through the filter. Absent.
- the amount of liquid hydrocarbons that pass through the filter per unit time during the filtration of the slurry is reduced, and the load on the filter can be reduced.
- it is possible to reduce the filtration area of the filter and it is possible to reduce the size and simplification of the production facility and to reduce maintenance associated therewith.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an overall configuration of an example of a liquid fuel synthesis system according to the present invention. It is a schematic block diagram of the FT synthetic
- a liquid fuel synthesis system 1 shown in FIG. 1 is a plant facility that executes a GTL process for converting a hydrocarbon raw material such as natural gas into liquid fuel.
- the liquid fuel synthesis system 1 includes a synthesis gas production unit 3, an FT synthesis unit 5, and an upgrading unit 7.
- the synthesis gas production unit 3 produces a synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas by reforming natural gas which is a hydrocarbon raw material.
- the FT synthesis unit 5 synthesizes liquid hydrocarbons from the synthesis gas produced in the synthesis gas production unit 3 by an FT synthesis reaction.
- the upgrading unit 7 produces a liquid fuel (mainly kerosene, light oil) base material by hydrogenating and refining the liquid hydrocarbon synthesized by the FT synthesis reaction.
- a liquid fuel mainly kerosene, light oil
- the synthesis gas production unit 3 mainly includes, for example, a desulfurization reactor 10, a reformer 12, an exhaust heat boiler 14, gas-liquid separators 16 and 18, a decarboxylation device 20, and a hydrogen separation device 26.
- the desulfurization reactor 10 is composed of a hydrodesulfurization apparatus or the like, and removes sulfur compounds from natural gas as a raw material.
- the reformer 12 reforms the natural gas supplied from the desulfurization reactor 10 to generate a synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide gas (CO) and hydrogen gas (H 2 ) as main components.
- the exhaust heat boiler 14 recovers the exhaust heat of the synthesis gas generated in the reformer 12 and generates high-pressure steam.
- the gas-liquid separator 16 separates water heated by heat exchange with the synthesis gas in the exhaust heat boiler 14 into a gas (high-pressure steam) and a liquid.
- the gas-liquid separator 18 removes the condensate from the synthesis gas cooled by the exhaust heat boiler 14 and supplies the gas to the decarboxylation device 20.
- the decarbonation device 20 has an absorption tower 22 that removes carbon dioxide from the synthesis gas supplied from the gas-liquid separator 18 by using an absorbent, and regeneration that diffuses carbon dioxide from the absorbent containing the carbon dioxide to regenerate. Tower 24.
- the hydrogen separation device 26 separates a part of the hydrogen gas contained in the synthesis gas from the synthesis gas from which the carbon dioxide gas has been separated by the decarbonation device 20.
- the decarboxylation device 20 may not be provided depending on circumstances.
- the reformer 12 reforms natural gas using carbon dioxide and steam by, for example, the steam / carbon dioxide reforming method represented by the following chemical reaction formulas (1) and (2).
- the reforming method in the reformer 12 is not limited to the steam / carbon dioxide reforming method, but includes, for example, a steam reforming method, a partial oxidation reforming method (POX) using oxygen, and a partial oxidation method.
- An autothermal reforming method (ATR), a carbon dioxide gas reforming method, or the like, which is a combination of the reforming method and the steam reforming method, can also be used.
- the hydrogen separator 26 is branched from a main pipe that connects the decarboxylation device 20 or the gas-liquid separator 18 and a bubble column type slurry bed reactor 30 (hereinafter also referred to as “reactor 30”). Provided in the branch line.
- the hydrogen separator 26 can be constituted by, for example, a hydrogen PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) device that performs adsorption and desorption of hydrogen using a pressure difference.
- This hydrogen PSA apparatus has an adsorbent (zeolite adsorbent, activated carbon, alumina, silica gel, etc.) in a plurality of adsorption towers (not shown) arranged in parallel, and hydrogen is added to each adsorption tower.
- adsorbent zeolite adsorbent, activated carbon, alumina, silica gel, etc.
- the hydrogen gas separation method in the hydrogen separation device 26 is not limited to the pressure fluctuation adsorption method such as the hydrogen PSA device, for example, a hydrogen storage alloy adsorption method, a membrane separation method, or a combination thereof. Also good.
- the FT synthesis unit 5 includes a bubble column type slurry bed reactor 30, a gas / liquid separator 32, an external catalyst separator 34, a gas / liquid separator 36, a backwash liquid.
- a tank 38 and a first rectifying tower 40 are mainly provided.
- the bubble column type slurry bed reactor 30 synthesizes liquid hydrocarbons from synthesis gas, and functions as a reactor for FT synthesis that synthesizes liquid hydrocarbons from synthesis gas by an FT synthesis reaction.
- the reactor 30 mainly includes a reactor main body 80 and a cooling pipe 81, and is operated under a condition that the inside is heated to, for example, about 190 to 270 ° C. and is pressurized from atmospheric pressure.
- the reactor main body 80 is a substantially cylindrical metal container. Inside the reactor main body 80, slurry in which solid catalyst particles are suspended in liquid hydrocarbon (product of FT synthesis reaction) is accommodated, and a slurry bed is formed by the slurry. In the lower part of the reactor main body 80, a synthesis gas mainly composed of hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide gas is injected into the slurry. Then, the synthesis gas blown into the slurry becomes bubbles and rises in the slurry from the lower side in the height direction (vertical direction) of the reactor main body 80 toward the upper side. In the process, the synthesis gas dissolves in the liquid hydrocarbon and comes into contact with the catalyst particles, so that the liquid hydrocarbon synthesis reaction (FT synthesis reaction) proceeds. Specifically, as shown in chemical reaction formula (3) below, hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide gas react to generate hydrocarbons.
- a gas phase part is provided on the upper part of the slurry accommodated in the reactor main body 80, and gas-liquid separation is performed at the interface between the gas phase part and the slurry. That is, the synthesis gas that has passed through the interface between the slurry and the gas phase without reacting in the slurry, and the relatively light hydrocarbon that is generated by the FT synthesis reaction and is gaseous under the conditions in the reactor body 80 Moves to the gas phase as a gas component. At this time, the droplets accompanying the gaseous components and the catalyst particles accompanying the droplets are returned to the slurry by gravity.
- the gas components (unreacted synthesis gas and the light hydrocarbons) that have risen to the top of the reactor main body 80 are extracted through a conduit connected to the top of the reactor main body 80, as will be described later. After cooling, it is supplied to the gas-liquid separator 36.
- the cooling pipe 81 is provided inside the reactor main body 80, and maintains the temperature in the system at a predetermined temperature by removing the reaction heat of the FT synthesis reaction.
- the cooling pipe 81 may be formed, for example, by bending a single pipe and reciprocating up and down a plurality of times along the vertical direction. Further, for example, a plurality of cooling pipes having a double pipe structure called a bayonet type may be arranged inside the reactor main body 80. That is, the shape and the number of the cooling pipes 81 are not limited to the shape and the number, and any cooling tube 81 may be used as long as it can be disposed inside the reactor main body 80 and contribute to cooling the slurry.
- cooling water supplied from the gas-liquid separator 32 (for example, water having a difference from the temperature in the reactor main body 80 of about ⁇ 50 to 0 ° C.) flows.
- the slurry in reactor body 80 is cooled by exchanging heat between the slurry and the pipe wall of cooling pipe 81.
- a part of the cooling water becomes steam and is discharged to the gas-liquid separator 32 so that it can be recovered as medium pressure steam.
- the medium for cooling the slurry in the reactor main body 80 is not limited to the cooling water as described above.
- the C 4 to C 10 linear, branched or cyclic alkane, olefin, low Molecular weight silanes, silyl ethers, silicone oils and the like can also be used.
- the gas-liquid separator 32 shown in FIG. 1 separates water heated through circulation in the cooling pipe 81 disposed in the reactor main body 80 into water vapor (medium pressure steam) and liquid.
- the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 32 is supplied again to the cooling pipe 81 as cooling water.
- the catalyst constituting the slurry accommodated in the reactor main body 80 is not particularly limited, but at least one active metal selected from cobalt, ruthenium, iron, etc., on a support made of an inorganic oxide such as silica or alumina.
- a catalyst in the form of a solid particle on which is supported is preferably used.
- this catalyst may have a metal component added for the purpose of increasing the activity of the catalyst such as zirconium, titanium, hafnium, rhenium and the like.
- the shape of the catalyst is not particularly limited, but the catalyst particles collapse due to the viewpoint of the fluidity of the slurry and the collision, friction between the catalyst particles, the catalyst particles and the inner wall of the reactor main body 80, the cooling pipe 81, etc.
- the average particle diameter of the catalyst particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 40 to 150 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of slurry fluidity.
- the external catalyst separator 34 includes a separation tank 50 disposed outside the reactor 30 and a filter 52 provided in the separation tank 50 as shown in FIG.
- an outflow pipe 34 a connected to the central part of the reactor main body 80 is provided, and in the lower part of the separation tank 50, a return pipe 34 b connected to the lower part of the reactor main body 80 is provided.
- the lower portion of the reactor main body 80 is a portion in a range of a length of 1/3 or less of the reactor main body 80 from the bottom of the reactor main body 80. Is a portion between the upper part and the lower part of the reactor main body 80.
- a first pipe 41 and a second pipe 44 are connected to the separation tank 50, and the first pipe 41 and the second pipe 44 are connected to a filter 52 in the separation tank 50.
- the filter 52 is configured by arranging a large number of filter elements 53 vertically and horizontally in the horizontal direction.
- the single-stage filter elements 53 arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions may be arranged in a plurality of stages in the slurry flow direction, for example, the vertical direction as necessary, and may be configured in a multistage structure.
- Each of these filter elements 53 is provided with a first conduit 54 for extracting the filtrate (liquid hydrocarbon) for each system, and these first conduits 54 are connected to one second conduit 55. ing.
- the first conduit 54 is provided with an open / close valve (not shown) independently as necessary.
- the second conduit 55 is provided with a valve 56, and the third conduit 57 is connected with a valve 58.
- the second conduit 55 is connected to the first pipe 41 shown in FIG. 2, and the third conduit 57 is connected to the second pipe 44 shown in FIG.
- the filter element 53 is, for example, a columnar shape (columnar or prismatic) in which a large number of filtration media 53b are stacked between a pair of plates 53a and 53a.
- a conduit 54 is connected.
- the filter element 53 filters the slurry extracted from the reactor 30 via the outflow pipe 34a with the filtration medium 53b, and captures the catalyst particles in the slurry. Further, the liquid hydrocarbon in the slurry is led out to the first conduit 54 as a filtrate.
- the filter medium 53b of the filter element 53 has an opening of 5 to 30 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 25 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the return pipe 34 b includes catalyst particles and liquid hydrocarbons (hydrocarbon oil) removed from the filter 52 (filter medium 53 b) by backwashing the filter 52 in the external catalyst separator 34. Furthermore, it is a pipe for returning the slurry concentrated by filtration to the reactor main body 80.
- the first piping 41 is provided with a filtration device 45 and a storage tank 46 in this order.
- the filtration device 45 has a filter (not shown) inside, and filters heavy liquid hydrocarbons introduced by this filter. That is, the filter in the filtration device 45 is at least of catalyst particles having a relatively small particle size that are not captured by the filter 52 (filter medium 53b) in the external catalyst separator 34 and are accompanied by the heavy liquid hydrocarbon. Capture and remove some. Note that the opening of the filter of the filtration device 45 is, for example, about 5 ⁇ m.
- the storage tank 46 temporarily stores the heavy liquid hydrocarbons that have passed through the filter 52 and the filtration device 45 in the external catalyst separator 34.
- a first rectification tower 40 is connected to the downstream of the filtration device 45 via a first pipe 41.
- a third pipe 48 with a valve 47 provided in the middle branches off from the first pipe 41 downstream of the filtering device 45 and is connected to the backwash liquid tank 38.
- the backwash tank 38 stores light liquid hydrocarbons, which will be described later, but, according to the above arrangement, the heavy liquid filtered by the external catalyst separator 34 and the filtration device 45 as necessary. Liquid hydrocarbons can be supplied to the backwash tank 38 and mixed with the light liquid hydrocarbons.
- the backwashing liquid tank 38 is connected to the second pipe 44, whereby the backwashing liquid tank 38 is used to store the stored light liquid hydrocarbons or a mixture of light hydrocarbons and heavy hydrocarbons (mixed oil). Is led out to the second pipe 44 as a backwash liquid and supplied to the external catalyst separator 34.
- an extraction pipe 82 is connected to the gas phase part (column top part) of the reactor main body 80.
- the extraction pipe 82 is connected to the gas-liquid separation device 36 via the heat exchanging unit 83, and the gas components that have risen to the top of the reactor body 80, that is, generation of unreacted synthesis gas and FT synthesis reaction.
- the light hydrocarbon which is a gas under the conditions in the reactor main body 80, is transferred to the gas-liquid separator 36.
- the heat exchange unit 83 exchanges heat between the synthesis gas supplied from the synthesis gas production unit 3 and the gas component extracted from the reactor main body 80, heats the synthesis gas having a relatively low temperature, The gas component having a high temperature is cooled, and the component having a relatively high boiling point contained in the gas component is condensed as a part of the light liquid hydrocarbon.
- the gas-liquid separation device 36 includes a first drum 84, a second drum 85, a third drum 86, a first condenser 87, and a second condenser 88.
- the first drum 84 is directly connected to the extraction pipe 82, and when the gas component is cooled in the heat exchange unit 83, a gas-liquid mixture obtained by condensing a part thereof is gas-liquid separated.
- the heat exchange unit 83 cools the gas component extracted from the reactor main body 80 by heat exchange with the synthesis gas supplied to the reactor 30, and liquefies a part of the gas component.
- the temperature at which the gas component extracted from the reactor main body 80 is cooled by the heat exchange unit 83 is preferably 180 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 200 ° C. or higher.
- the temperature is preferably 210 ° C. or higher. Further, the temperature inevitably becomes a temperature lower than the temperature of the gas component discharged from the reactor main body 80, that is, the temperature of the reactor main body 80.
- the temperature in the reactor main body 80 varies depending on the reaction conditions selected, it cannot be generally stated, but it is, for example, 190 to 270 ° C., preferably 200 to 260 ° C.
- the gas component discharged from the gas phase part of the reactor main body 80 is preferably 180 ° C. or higher, more preferably 200 ° C. or higher, particularly preferably 210 ° C. or higher, by the heat exchange unit 83.
- the catalyst used for the FT synthesis reaction over time There is a possibility that a significant decrease in activity can be suppressed. That is, in the FT synthesis reaction, in addition to hydrocarbons as main products, oxygen-containing compounds such as alcohols having oxygen atoms derived from carbon monoxide as by-products are generated.
- This oxygen-containing compound may reduce the activity of the catalyst used in the FT synthesis reaction.
- the oxygen-containing compound tends to be contained in a larger amount in a fraction having a lower carbon number (a fraction having a lower boiling point).
- the concentration of the oxygen-containing compound contained in the backwash liquid increases as the liquid hydrocarbon containing more fractions with a low boiling point (light fraction) is used as the backwash liquid for the filter 52.
- the concentration of the oxygen-containing compound in the liquid hydrocarbon in the reactor main body 80 into which the washing liquid flows tends to increase. In this case, there is a possibility that the decrease in the activity over time of the catalyst for the FT synthesis reaction proceeds more easily.
- a light liquid hydrocarbon that cools and condenses the gas component discharged from the gas phase part of the reactor main body 80 to a temperature in the above range by the heat exchange part 83 is used as a backwash liquid.
- a component having a relatively low concentration of oxygen-containing compound is used, and there is a possibility that the influence on the activity reduction of the catalyst used in the FT synthesis reaction can be reduced.
- the example in which the gas component is cooled by the heat exchanging unit 83 that uses the cold of the synthesis gas has been described, but another single or plural coolers (not shown) are used instead.
- the gas component extracted from the reactor main body 80 may be cooled to a temperature in the above range.
- the liquid hydrocarbon (light liquid hydrocarbon) obtained by the gas-liquid separation in the first drum 84 in this way is preferably used as a backwash liquid as described later, while being separated from the liquid hydrocarbon.
- the gas component is discharged to the second drum 85 side.
- the first condenser 87 is provided in a pipe that allows the first drum 84 and the second drum 85 to communicate with each other.
- the first condenser 87 exchanges heat with a cooling medium such as water and the gas component that has flowed out of the first drum 84. Liquefy.
- a cooling medium such as water
- the gas component that has flowed out of the first drum 84. Liquefy.
- hydrocarbons having a boiling point in the gas component supplied from the first drum 84 of approximately 100 ° C. are liquefied.
- the second drum 85 separates the liquid hydrocarbon (light liquid hydrocarbon) having a boiling point exceeding about 100 ° C. and the gaseous component having a boiling point of about 100 ° C. or less, and discharges the gaseous component to the third drum 86 side. To do.
- the second condenser 88 is provided in a pipe that allows the second drum 85 and the third drum 86 to communicate with each other.
- the second condenser 88 exchanges heat between the gas component discharged from the second drum 85 and a cooling medium such as water. Liquefy part.
- a cooling medium such as water. Liquefy part.
- hydrocarbons having a boiling point in the gas component supplied from the second drum 85 of approximately 40 ° C. are liquefied.
- the third drum 86 separates liquid hydrocarbons (light liquid hydrocarbons) having a boiling point exceeding approximately 40 ° C. and gas components having a boiling point lower than approximately 40 ° C., and discharges the gaseous components from the return pipe 89.
- the gaseous component is returned to the synthesis gas supply pipe 49 through a return pipe 89.
- This gaseous component mainly contains unreacted synthesis gas (CO, H 2 ) and hydrocarbons of C 4 or less, and is mixed with the synthesis gas supplied from the synthesis gas production unit 3 in the synthesis gas supply pipe 49, Recycled to the reactor 30, unreacted synthesis gas is reused.
- the gas component discharged from the third drum 86 may be incinerated as flare gas or used as fuel without being returned to the synthesis gas supply pipe 49.
- the first lead-out pipe 90 is connected to the bottom of the first drum 84. As shown by the solid line in FIG. 2, the first lead-out pipe 90 is connected to the backwashing liquid tank 38 and supplies light liquid hydrocarbons from the first drum 84 to the backwashing liquid tank 38.
- the first outlet pipe 90 is provided with a tank 93 having a filter as necessary. The filter in the tank 93 captures and removes catalyst particles slightly contained in the liquid hydrocarbon led out from the first drum 84. That is, the gaseous component extracted from the gas phase portion in the reactor main body 80 includes slurry droplets (mist), and the droplets may include catalyst particles.
- the catalyst particles mainly settle in the first drum 84 and are led out to the first lead-out pipe 90 together with the liquid hydrocarbons to be led out. Therefore, by filtering the derived liquid hydrocarbon through the filter in the tank 93, a small amount of catalyst particles is prevented from being supplied to the filter from the reverse direction during the backwashing treatment as will be described later. be able to.
- the first lead-out pipe 90 is provided with a recooling portion 94 on the downstream side of the tank 93 (on the backwash liquid tank 38 side).
- the recooling unit 94 exchanges heat between the light liquid hydrocarbon that flows through the first outlet pipe 90 and a cooling medium such as water, and further cools the light liquid hydrocarbon that flows through the first outlet pipe 90. That is, the gas component extracted from the gas phase part in the reactor main body 80 is cooled by the heat exchange part 83 with the synthesis gas, and the obtained light liquid hydrocarbon is cooled by the recooling part 94.
- the outlet temperature of the recooling section 94 is not particularly limited and may be any temperature lower than the outlet temperature of the heat exchange section 83, but is preferably a temperature of 100 ° C or higher and 200 ° C or lower, and is preferably 120 ° C or higher and 190 ° C or lower. More preferably, the temperature is
- the outlet temperature of the recooling section 94 is lower than 100 ° C., for example, a wax component is deposited on the piping in the recooling section 94 and adheres to it. There is a concern to cause.
- the light liquid hydrocarbon recooled in the recooling section 94 passes through the backwashing tank 38 and the second pipe 44 and is passed through the filter 52 in the external catalyst separator 34 as a backwashing liquid.
- the heavy liquid hydrocarbon existing around the filter 52 is cooled by the cold heat of the light liquid hydrocarbon, and a part of the wax is deposited, so that the differential pressure of the filter 52 increases. There is a concern of causing such problems.
- the outlet temperature of the recooling section 94 is set to a temperature exceeding 200 ° C.
- the light liquid hydrocarbon is vaporized when the light liquid hydrocarbon is supplied to the filter 52 in the external catalyst separator 34. Therefore, the light liquid hydrocarbon is vaporized when it passes through the filter 52, and it may be difficult to efficiently remove the catalyst particles deposited on the filter 52.
- the purpose of recooling the light liquid hydrocarbons derived from the first drum 84 in this way is to use the light liquid hydrocarbons as a backwash liquid as described later, and the internal temperature is equal to the temperature in the reactor main body 80.
- the temperature of the light liquid hydrocarbon reaches its boiling point in a short time depending on the temperature (for example, 190 to 270 ° C.) in the external catalyst separator 34. This is to prevent the light liquid hydrocarbon from evaporating and becoming unable to fully function as a backwash liquid.
- the light liquid hydrocarbon is introduced into the external catalyst separator 34 as a backwash liquid, the light liquid hydrocarbon is The time to vaporize can be delayed. Therefore, the backwash process can be completed while the light liquid hydrocarbon is in a liquid state, whereby the catalyst particles deposited on the filter 52 can be efficiently removed.
- the light liquid hydrocarbon may be mixed with the liquid hydrocarbon that has flowed in through the third pipe 48 to form a mixture (mixed oil) for backwashing treatment (details). Later).
- a second lead-out pipe 91 is connected to the bottom of the second drum 85, and a third lead-out pipe 92 is connected to the bottom of the third drum 86. These outlet pipes merge to form one pipe, and are connected to the downstream side of the branch point of the first pipe 41 and the third pipe 48.
- the first rectifying column 40 is connected to the first pipe 41 and is a heavy liquid hydrocarbon supplied through the first pipe 41, that is, a liquid hydrocarbon derived from the external catalyst separator 34.
- light liquid hydrocarbons supplied through the second lead-out pipe 91 and the third lead-out pipe 92 that is, light liquid hydrocarbons led out from the second drum 85 and the third drum 86, respectively, and depending on the boiling point To separate each fraction.
- the gas-liquid separator 36 is composed of the first drum 84, the second drum 85, the third drum, the first condenser 87, and the second condenser 88. This makes it possible to reliably recover light liquid hydrocarbons.
- the gas-liquid separator 36 is not limited to the above configuration, and the second drum 85, the second condenser 88, and the second outlet pipe 91 are not provided, and the outlet pipe of the first condenser 87 is the third. It is good also as a structure connected with the inlet piping of the drum 86.
- FIG. In this case, the outlet temperature of the first condenser 87 is set to about 40 ° C.
- the light liquid hydrocarbon separated by the first drum 84 is transferred to the backwash liquid tank 38 through the first outlet pipe 90 to obtain the backwash liquid.
- the light liquid hydrocarbon used as the liquid is not limited to this, and the light liquid hydrocarbon separated by the second drum 85 and / or the light liquid hydrocarbon separated by the third drum 86, and the first liquid hydrocarbon. Mixtures with light liquid hydrocarbons separated by drum 84 may also be used. That is, the light liquid hydrocarbons discharged from the second drum 85 through the second conduit 91 and / or the light liquid hydrocarbons discharged from the third drum 86 through the third conduit 92 are indicated by broken lines in the pipe 90. To form a mixture of the light liquid hydrocarbons discharged from the first drum 84 and the light liquid hydrocarbons, and transfer the mixture to the backwash tank 38. It may be used as a backwash liquid.
- the upgrading unit 7 includes, for example, a wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 60, a middle fraction hydrotreating reactor 61, a naphtha fraction hydrotreating reactor 62, and a gas-liquid separation.
- the wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 60 is connected to the bottom of the first fractionator 40.
- the middle distillate hydrotreating reactor 61 is connected to the center of the first rectifying column 40.
- the naphtha fraction hydrotreating reactor 62 is connected to the upper part of the first fractionator 40.
- the gas-liquid separators 63, 64, 65 are provided corresponding to the hydrogenation reactors 60, 61, 62, respectively.
- the second rectification column 70 fractionates the liquid hydrocarbons supplied from the gas-liquid separators 63 and 64 according to the boiling point.
- Naphtha stabilizer 72, a gas-liquid separator 65 and the liquid hydrocarbons supplied naphtha fraction from the top of the second fractionator 70 distills, gaseous components of C 4 or less discharged as example flare gas However, components having 5 or more carbon atoms are recovered as naphtha of the product.
- the synthesis reaction system 1 is supplied with natural gas (main component is CH 4 ) as a hydrocarbon feedstock from an external natural gas supply source (not shown) such as a natural gas field or a natural gas plant.
- the synthesis gas production unit 3 reforms the natural gas to produce synthesis gas (a mixed gas mainly composed of carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas).
- the natural gas is supplied to the desulfurization reactor 10 together with the hydrogen gas separated by the hydrogen separator 26.
- the desulfurization reactor 10 uses the hydrogen gas to hydrogenate a sulfur compound contained in natural gas with a known hydrodesulfurization catalyst to convert it into hydrogen sulfide, and further adsorbs the hydrogen sulfide with an adsorbent such as zinc oxide. ⁇ Desulfurize natural gas by removing.
- the activity of the catalyst used in the hydrotreating reactor of the reformer 12, the bubble column type slurry bed reactor 30, and the upgrading unit 7 is reduced by the sulfur compound. Can be prevented.
- Natural gas (which may contain carbon dioxide) desulfurized in this way is carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) supplied from a carbon dioxide supply source (not shown) and water vapor generated in the exhaust heat boiler 14.
- the reformer 12 is a high-temperature synthesis gas mainly composed of carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas by reforming natural gas using carbon dioxide gas and water vapor by, for example, a steam / carbon dioxide reforming method. Is generated.
- fuel gas and air for a burner included in the reformer 12 are supplied to the reformer 12, and the combustion heat of the fuel gas in the burner and the radiant heat in the furnace of the reformer 12 are supplied.
- the reaction heat necessary for the steam / carbon dioxide reforming reaction which is an endothermic reaction, is provided.
- the high-temperature synthesis gas (for example, 900 ° C., 2.0 MPaG) produced in the reformer 12 in this way is supplied to the exhaust heat boiler 14 and is subjected to heat exchange with water circulating in the exhaust heat boiler 14. It is cooled (for example, 400 ° C.) and the exhaust heat is recovered. At this time, the water heated by the synthesis gas in the exhaust heat boiler 14 is supplied to the gas-liquid separator 16, and the gas component from the gas-liquid separator 16 is reformed as high-pressure steam (for example, 3.4 to 10.0 MPaG). The water in the liquid is returned to the exhaust heat boiler 14 after being supplied to the vessel 12 or other external device.
- high-temperature synthesis gas for example, 900 ° C., 2.0 MPaG
- the synthesis gas cooled in the exhaust heat boiler 14 is separated and removed in the gas-liquid separator 18 after the condensate component is separated and removed, and then is supplied to the absorption tower 22 of the decarbonation apparatus 20 or the bubble column type slurry bed reactor 30. Supplied.
- the absorption tower 22 absorbs the carbon dioxide gas contained in the synthesis gas in the stored absorption liquid, thereby separating the carbon dioxide gas from the synthesis gas.
- the absorption liquid containing carbon dioxide gas in the absorption tower 22 is introduced into the regeneration tower 24, and the absorption liquid containing carbon dioxide gas is heated by, for example, steam and stripped, and the carbon dioxide gas diffused is recycled to the regeneration tower 24. To the reformer 12 and reused in the reforming reaction.
- the synthesis gas generated in the synthesis gas production unit 3 is supplied to the bubble column type slurry bed reactor 30 of the FT synthesis unit 5 through the supply pipe 49 shown in FIG.
- the synthesis gas is a refrigerant that cools the gas component extracted from the gas phase portion of the bubble column type slurry bed reactor 30 in the heat exchanging portion 83. Therefore, it may be configured to be precooled as necessary to cool the gas component to a desired temperature.
- this synthesis gas is subjected to a pressure suitable for the FT synthesis reaction (for example, 3.) by a compressor (not shown) provided in a pipe connecting the decarbonation apparatus 20 and the bubble column type slurry bed reactor 30.
- the pressure may be increased to 6 MPaG).
- a part of the synthesis gas from which the carbon dioxide gas has been separated by the decarbonator 20 is also supplied to the hydrogen separator 26.
- the hydrogen separator 26 separates hydrogen gas contained in the synthesis gas by adsorption and desorption (hydrogen PSA) using a pressure difference as described above.
- the separated hydrogen gas is subjected to various hydrogen utilization reactions in which a predetermined reaction is performed using the hydrogen gas in the synthesis reaction system 1 from a gas holder (not shown) or the like through a compressor (not shown). It is continuously supplied to the apparatus (for example, desulfurization reactor 10, wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 60, middle fraction hydrotreating reactor 61, naphtha fraction hydrotreating reactor 62, etc.).
- the FT synthesis unit 5 synthesizes hydrocarbons from the synthesis gas produced by the synthesis gas production unit 3 by an FT synthesis reaction.
- a first embodiment of a hydrocarbon production method of the present invention will be described based on a hydrocarbon synthesis method by an FT synthesis reaction.
- the synthesis gas generated in the synthesis gas production unit 3 is heated by cooling the gas component extracted from the gas phase part of the reactor main body 80 of the reactor 30 through heat exchange in the heat exchange unit 83, the synthesis gas is heated. Then, it flows in from the bottom of the reactor main body 80 constituting the bubble column type slurry bed reactor 30, and rises in the slurry accommodated in the reactor main body 80. At this time, in the reactor main body 80, the carbon monoxide gas and the hydrogen gas contained in the synthesis gas react with each other by the FT synthesis reaction described above to generate hydrocarbons. Furthermore, at the time of this synthesis reaction, the reaction heat of the FT synthesis reaction is removed by circulating water through the cooling pipe 81.
- the water heated by this heat exchange is vaporized to become water vapor.
- the liquid water contained in the water vapor is separated by the gas-liquid separator 32 and returned to the cooling pipe 81, and the gas component is supplied to the external device as medium pressure steam (for example, 1.0 to 2.5 MPaG).
- the introduced slurry is filtered by the filter 52 to capture the catalyst particles.
- the slurry is separated into a solid component and a liquid component composed of liquid hydrocarbons.
- Liquid hydrocarbons are extracted from the reactor 30 by the filtration treatment by the external catalyst separator 34 (extraction step).
- the temperature and pressure in the external catalyst separator 34 are basically operated under the same conditions as in the reactor main body 80. Therefore, the liquid component obtained by filtration and separation by the filter 52 is a hydrocarbon that is liquid under the conditions in the reactor main body 80 as described above, that is, a heavy liquid hydrocarbon.
- the external type catalyst separator 34 is a normal filter by controlling a valve 56 provided in a second conduit 55 connected to a part of the filter elements 53 of the filter 52 shown in FIG. 3A.
- a filtration step is performed.
- the remaining filter element 53 group performs a backwashing process described later by controlling the valve 56 provided in the second conduit 55 and the valve 58 provided in the third conduit 57 connected to each other. Yes. That is, in this embodiment, some filter elements 53 of the filters 52 shown in FIG. 3A perform normal filtration, and the remaining filter elements 53 perform backwashing. Switching between the filtration process and the backwash process can be performed by switching the valve 56 and the valve 58.
- each valve 56 and valve 58 will be controlled by control part (not shown). Can be switched automatically. Accordingly, the catalyst particles captured in the filtration step are removed from the surface of the filter 52 in the subsequent backwashing step, and returned to the slurry bed of the reactor main body 80 through the return pipe 34b together with the backwashing liquid. Yes.
- the heavy liquid hydrocarbon is filtered by the filter disposed inside, so that it is not captured by the filter 52 (filter medium 53b) of the external catalyst separator 34 and is mixed into the heavy liquid hydrocarbon. Then, at least a part of the finely divided catalyst particles generated by friction, collapse, etc. of the catalyst particles in the reactor main body 80 is captured and removed.
- the heavy liquid hydrocarbons filtered again by the filtering device 45 are temporarily stored in the storage tank 46.
- the heavy liquid hydrocarbons discharged from the storage tank 46 merge with the light liquid hydrocarbons discharged from the second drum 85 and the third drum 86 and are supplied to the first rectifying tower 40.
- a part of the heavy liquid hydrocarbon is supplied to the backwash tank 38 as a backwash liquid by the valve 47, and the other is supplied to the first fractionator 40.
- it is assumed that the heavy liquid hydrocarbons are supplied to the first fractionator 40 without being supplied to the backwash tank 38 for backwashing.
- the gas component extracted from the gas phase portion of the reactor main body 80 is heat-exchanged in the heat exchanging portion 83 through the extraction pipe 82 and cooled by the synthesis gas, a part thereof is liquefied. Then, it flows into the first drum 84 of the gas-liquid separator 36 in a gas-liquid mixed state.
- the gas-liquid mixture flowing into the first drum 84 is gas-liquid separated here, and the liquid component, that is, light liquid hydrocarbons, is discharged from the first drum 84 to the first outlet pipe 90.
- the light liquid hydrocarbons discharged to the first outlet pipe 90 are introduced into the tank 93 as described above, and the catalyst particles slightly contained in the light liquid hydrocarbons are captured and removed by the filter in the tank 93. Is done. Furthermore, the light liquid hydrocarbon derived from the tank 93 is recooled to a predetermined temperature in the recooling section 94 (recooling step). Thereafter, the recooled light liquid hydrocarbon is introduced into the backwash liquid tank 38 and stored as a backwash liquid, that is, a backwash liquid. If the light liquid hydrocarbon obtained in this way is used as a backwash liquid, the backwash liquid is returned to the reactor body 80 and then vaporized and discharged from the top of the reactor body as a part of the gas component.
- the filter 52 of the external catalyst separator 34 As a part of the slurry, it is not filtered by the filter 52 of the external catalyst separator 34. Therefore, since the backwash liquid composed of light liquid hydrocarbons does not pass back and forth through the filter 52, the load on the filter 52 is markedly greater than in the conventional case where heavy liquid hydrocarbons are used as the backwash liquid. Can be reduced.
- the gas component separated and discharged from the liquid component in the first drum 84 is cooled by the first condenser 87 to partially liquefy, and the liquefied component (light liquid hydrocarbon) is the second drum 85. And separated from the gas component and supplied to the first rectification column 40. Further, the gas component separated and discharged from the liquid component in the second drum 85 is cooled by the second condenser 88 and part of the gas component is liquefied, and the liquefied component (light liquid hydrocarbon) is the third drum 86. And separated from the gas component and supplied to the first rectification column 40.
- the liquid component flowing into the first drum 84 and / or the second drum 85 contains water by-produced in the reactor 30. Therefore, it is preferable to provide a draining pipe (not shown) at the bottom of the first drum 84 and / or the second drum 85.
- the backwash process (backwash process) performed in parallel with the filtration process in the external catalyst separator 34 is a backwash liquid (light liquid hydrocarbon) led out from the backwash liquid tank 38 to the second pipe 44. Is circulated to the filter element group 53 via the third conduit 57 shown in FIG. 3A. That is, the backwash liquid in the backwash liquid tank 38 is pumped into the second pipe 44 by a pump or the like (not shown) and is circulated through the third conduit 57 and the first conduit 54 to the filter element 53 group. Then, the backwash liquid is introduced into the external catalyst separator 34 and flows back through the first conduit 54 through the third conduit 57 to wash (backwash) the filtration medium 53 b of the filter element 53. As a result, the catalyst particles deposited on the filtration medium 53b are removed from the filtration medium 53b, are accompanied by the backwash liquid, return to the slurry bed in the reactor 30 through the return pipe 34b and the backwash liquid.
- a backwash liquid light liquid hydrocarbon
- the light liquid hydrocarbon as the backwash liquid introduced into the external type catalyst separator 34 is a hydrocarbon that is gaseous under the conditions in the reactor main body 80. Since the conditions are basically the same as those in the reactor main body 80, they are heated by being introduced into the external catalyst separator 34 and start to vaporize.
- the light liquid hydrocarbon used as the backwash liquid is a hydrocarbon having a relatively high boiling point that has been gas-liquid separated by the first drum 84 and is further recooled by the recooling section 94 (recooling step). As a result, cold heat is sufficiently applied, so that even if it is introduced into the external catalyst separator 34, it is maintained in a liquid state for a while.
- the filter 52 while the filter 52 is backwashed, the filter 52 is in a liquid state so that it fully functions as a backwash liquid, and the catalyst particles deposited on the filter medium 53b during the filtration of the slurry are well removed from the filter medium 53b. To do.
- the catalyst particles returned to the slurry bed in the reactor main body 80 together with the backwash liquid form a slurry together with other catalyst particles in the slurry bed.
- the light liquid hydrocarbon as the backwash liquid becomes a gas in the reactor main body 80 is extracted from the gas phase portion of the reactor main body 80, and is sent to the gas-liquid separator 36.
- the first lead-out pipe 90 connected to the first drum 84 is connected to the pipe where the second lead-out pipe 91 and the third lead-out pipe 92 are joined by a broken line portion of the pipe 90 shown in FIG.
- the flow direction of the liquid can be switched to either the backwash liquid tank 38 side or the first rectification tower 40 side by switching control of a valve (not shown) or the like.
- the first rectification column 40 passes through the heavy liquid hydrocarbons supplied from the reactor 30 through the external catalyst separator 34 and the filtration device 45 as described above, and the gas-liquid separation device 36.
- the light liquid hydrocarbons supplied in the above are fractionated, and the naphtha fraction (boiling point is lower than about 150 ° C.), the middle fraction (boiling point is about 150 to 360 ° C.), and the wax fraction (boiling point is about 360 ° C.). Over °C).
- the wax fraction extracted from the bottom of the first fractionator 40 liquid hydrocarbons (mainly C 22 or more) are transferred to the wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 60, the central portion of the first fractionator 40
- the liquid hydrocarbons (mainly C 11 to C 21 ) taken out of the middle distillate are transferred to the middle distillate hydrotreating reactor 61 and taken out from the upper part of the first rectifying column 40. (Mainly C 5 -C 10 ) is transferred to the naphtha fraction hydrotreating reactor 62.
- Wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 60 the first fractionator 40 bottoms supplied more wax fraction of liquid hydrocarbon carbon number from (approximately C 22 or more), supplied from the hydrogen separator 26 and hydrocracked using hydrogen gas, to reduce the number of carbon atoms a generally C 21 or less.
- this hydrocracking reaction using a catalyst and heat, the C—C bond of a hydrocarbon having a large number of carbon atoms is cleaved to generate a low molecular weight hydrocarbon having a small number of carbon atoms.
- the wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 60 the hydrocracked product containing liquid hydrocarbons is separated into gas and liquid in the gas-liquid separator 63, and the liquid hydrocarbons are separated into the second rectification fraction.
- the gas component (including hydrogen gas) is transferred to the column 70 and transferred to the middle distillate hydrotreating reactor 61 and the naphtha distillate hydrotreating reactor 62.
- the middle distillate hydrotreating reactor 61 separates the middle distillate liquid hydrocarbons (approximately C 11 to C 21 ) supplied from the center of the first rectifying column 40 into hydrogen. Hydrorefining is performed using hydrogen gas supplied from the apparatus 26 via the wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 60. In this hydrorefining reaction, in order to obtain branched saturated hydrocarbons mainly for the purpose of improving low temperature fluidity as a fuel oil base material, the liquid hydrocarbons are hydroisomerized, and the liquid carbonization is performed. Hydrogen is added to the unsaturated hydrocarbon contained in the hydrogen to saturate it. Furthermore, oxygen-containing compounds such as alcohols contained in the hydrocarbon are hydrogenated and converted to saturated hydrocarbons.
- the product containing liquid hydrocarbons hydrotreated in this way is separated into a gas and a liquid by the gas-liquid separator 64, and the liquid hydrocarbons are transferred to the second rectifying column 70, where the gas components are separated. (Including hydrogen gas) is reused in the hydrogenation reaction.
- the naphtha fraction hydrotreating reactor 62 supplies liquid hydrocarbons (generally C 10 or less) of the naphtha fraction with a small number of carbons supplied from the upper part of the first rectification column 40 from the hydrogen separator 26 to the wax fraction. Hydrorefining is performed using hydrogen gas supplied through the hydrocracking reactor 60. Thereby, oxygenated compounds such as unsaturated hydrocarbons and alcohols contained in the supplied naphtha fraction are converted into saturated hydrocarbons.
- the product containing liquid hydrocarbons hydrotreated in this way is separated into a gas and a liquid by the gas-liquid separator 65, and the liquid hydrocarbons are transferred to the naphtha stabilizer 72 to be gas components (hydrogen gas). Is reused in the hydrogenation reaction.
- the second rectifying column 70 converts the liquid hydrocarbons supplied from the wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 60 and the middle fraction hydrotreating reactor 61 as described above to have a carbon number of 10 or less.
- Hydrocarbon (boiling point lower than about 150 ° C.), kerosene fraction (boiling point about 150-250 ° C.), light oil fraction (boiling point about 250-360 ° C.) and wax fraction hydrocracking reactor 60
- a light oil fraction is taken out from the lower part of the second rectifying tower 70, and a kerosene fraction is taken out from the central part.
- hydrocarbons having a carbon number of 10 or less are taken out from the top of the second rectifying column 70 and supplied to the naphtha stabilizer 72.
- the naphtha stabilizer 72 distills hydrocarbons having a carbon number of C 10 or less supplied from the naphtha fraction hydrotreating reactor 62 and the second rectifying tower 70 to obtain naphtha (C 5 as a product). ⁇ C 10 ) is separated and purified. Thereby, high-purity naphtha is taken out from the bottom of the naphtha stabilizer 72. Meanwhile, from the top of the naphtha stabilizer 72, flare gas carbon number of target products composed mainly of hydrocarbons below predetermined number (C 4 or less) is discharged. This flare gas is introduced into an external combustion facility (flare stack, not shown), burned, and then released into the atmosphere.
- light liquid hydrocarbons extracted from the gas phase portion of the reactor main body 80 are used as liquid hydrocarbons to be circulated through the filter 52 in the backwashing step (backwashing treatment). Since it is used, liquid hydrocarbons (heavy liquid hydrocarbons) that repeatedly pass through the filter 52 repeatedly can be eliminated. That is, even if the light liquid hydrocarbon is returned into the reactor main body 80 in the backwashing process, it is subsequently vaporized in the reactor main body 80 and extracted from the gas phase portion of the reactor main body 80 without flowing through the filter 52. As a result, it becomes part of the slurry and does not flow through the filter 52.
- the load on the filter 52 can be reduced by reducing the amount of slurry filtered per unit time in the filter 52.
- the filtration area can be reduced, and the manufacturing equipment can be reduced in size and simplified.
- the gas component extracted from the gas phase portion of the reactor 30 is cooled to a temperature of 180 ° C. or higher and lower than the temperature in the reactor main body 80 by the heat exchange portion 83 to obtain light liquid hydrocarbons. Therefore, when this light liquid hydrocarbon is introduced into the external catalyst separator 34 as a backwash liquid, it can be maintained in a liquid state for a while so that the function as a backwash liquid can be exhibited well. it can. Further, since the light liquid hydrocarbon is further cooled by the recooling section 94 (recooling step), the time during which it is maintained in the liquid state during the backwashing step can be lengthened. The function as a liquid can be exhibited more satisfactorily.
- a second embodiment of the hydrocarbon production method of the present invention will be described based on a hydrocarbon synthesis method by an FT synthesis reaction.
- This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a mixed liquid obtained by mixing heavy liquid hydrocarbons with the light liquid hydrocarbons is used as the backwash liquid.
- the light liquid hydrocarbon discharged to the first outlet pipe 90 is introduced into the tank 93 and further recooled to a predetermined temperature in the recooling unit 94, It introduces into the backwash tank 38.
- a part of the heavy liquid hydrocarbon led out from the external catalyst separator 34 is introduced into the backwash tank 38 by the valve 47 in the first pipe 41.
- the mixing ratio of the light liquid hydrocarbon and the heavy liquid hydrocarbon in the backwash liquid is appropriately adjusted by adjusting the amount of the heavy liquid hydrocarbon introduced into the backwash liquid tank 38 by the valve 47. Can be controlled.
- the mixing ratio controlled in this way that is, the amount of light liquid hydrocarbons to heavy liquid hydrocarbons is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 8: 2 to 2: 8.
- the amount of relatively heavy liquid hydrocarbons can be relatively reduced, whereby the amount of liquid hydrocarbons that repeatedly pass through the filter 52 of the external catalyst separator 34 repeatedly. Can be reduced.
- the amount of heavy liquid hydrocarbons is increased, the heavy liquid hydrocarbons are also liquid in the external catalyst separator 34. Can be increased.
- the backwash process (backwash process) using such a backwash liquid is performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment. That is, the backwash process is performed by circulating the backwash liquid (mixed liquid) led out from the backwash tank 38 to the second pipe 44 through the third conduit 57 shown in FIG. 3A. . As a result, the catalyst particles deposited on the filtration medium 53b are removed from the filtration medium 53b, are accompanied by the backwash liquid, return to the slurry bed in the reactor 30 through the return pipe 34b and the backwash liquid.
- the backwash process is performed by circulating the backwash liquid (mixed liquid) led out from the backwash tank 38 to the second pipe 44 through the third conduit 57 shown in FIG. 3A.
- the catalyst particles deposited on the filtration medium 53b are removed from the filtration medium 53b, are accompanied by the backwash liquid, return to the slurry bed in the reactor 30 through the return pipe 34b and the backwash liquid.
- the light liquid hydrocarbon in the backwash liquid introduced into the external catalyst separator 34 is a hydrocarbon that is gaseous under the conditions in the reactor main body 80 as described above, the external catalyst separator 34. It is heated by being introduced into and starts to vaporize.
- the light liquid hydrocarbon used as the backwash liquid is a hydrocarbon having a relatively high boiling point that is gas-liquid separated by the first drum 84, and is further recooled by the recooling section 94 (recooling step). Therefore, even if it is introduced into the external catalyst separator 34, it is maintained in a liquid state for a while.
- the filter 52 since the filter 52 is in a liquid state during the backwash process, the function as a backwash liquid is sufficiently exerted, and the catalyst particles deposited on the filtration medium 53b together with the heavy liquid hydrocarbon are excellent from the filtration medium 53b. To remove.
- the catalyst particles returned to the slurry bed in the reactor 30 together with the backwash liquid form a slurry together with other catalyst particles in the slurry bed.
- the heavy liquid hydrocarbon in the backwash liquid is again introduced into the external catalyst separator 34 together with other heavy liquid hydrocarbons during the filtration process, and flows through the filter 52.
- the light liquid hydrocarbon in the backwash liquid becomes a gas in the reactor main body 80, is extracted from the gas phase portion of the reactor main body 80, and is sent to the gas-liquid separator 36.
- the filter 52 does not circulate as part of the slurry.
- the load on the filter 52 can be reduced by reducing the amount of slurry that is filtered by the filter 52 per unit time.
- the filtration area can be reduced, and the manufacturing equipment can be reduced in size and simplified.
- the filter 52 can be washed well by having a high function as a backwash liquid.
- the heavy liquid hydrocarbons extracted from the reactor main body 80 by filtration using the filter 52 in the external catalyst separator 36 are filtered again by the filtration device 45, and the heavy Since at least a part of the finely divided catalyst particles contained in the liquid hydrocarbon is further removed, when the heavy liquid hydrocarbon is circulated through the filter 52 as a part of the backwash liquid, The risk of clogging the filter 52 from the direction opposite to that during filtration due to the catalyst particles contained in can be avoided.
- the production method of the present invention is carried out using the FT synthesis unit 5 in which the filter 52 for filtering the slurry is disposed in the separation tank 50 of the external catalyst separator 34.
- the invention is not limited to this, and hydrocarbons are produced using an FT synthesis unit 100 provided with an internal catalyst separation mechanism in which a filter 52 is disposed in a reactor 30 as shown in FIG. May be.
- the FT synthesis unit 100 shown in FIG. 4 is different from the FT synthesis unit 5 shown in FIG. 2 in that a filter 52 is provided in the reactor 30 instead of the external catalyst separator 34, and the internal type is provided in the reactor 30.
- the catalyst separation mechanism is formed.
- This catalyst separation mechanism has the same structure as the structure mainly provided with the filter 52 provided in the separation tank 50 of the external catalyst separator 34 shown in FIG. 2, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B.
- a filter element 53, a first conduit 54, a second conduit 55, a third conduit 57, a valve 56, a valve 58 and the like are provided.
- the FT synthesis unit 100 including the reactor 30 having such an internal catalyst separation mechanism is used, the FT synthesis unit 5 including the reactor 30 using the external catalyst separator 34 shown in FIG. As in the case of using it, it is possible to eliminate or reduce the amount of heavy liquid hydrocarbons that repeatedly pass through the filter 52 as backwash liquid. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the load on the filter 52, thereby reducing the filtration area, and downsizing and simplification of the manufacturing equipment can be achieved.
- the FT synthesis unit for carrying out the production method of the present invention a catalyst separation mechanism using both an external type and an internal type can be used. That is, the production method of the present invention is carried out using an FT synthesis unit having the external catalyst separator 34 shown in FIG. 2 and a filter 52 in the reactor 30 as shown in FIG. May be.
- the filtered heavy liquid hydrocarbons extracted from the reactor 30 are directly reversed without further removing at least a part of the finely divided catalyst particles contained in the heavy liquid hydrocarbons.
- natural gas is used as the hydrocarbon raw material supplied to the liquid fuel synthesizing system 1, but other hydrocarbon raw materials such as asphalt and residual oil may be used.
- this invention is the synthesis gas and catalyst which have at least hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide gas as a main component.
- the present invention is applied to a hydrocarbon production method in which hydrocarbons are synthesized by contact with a slurry containing particles.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing hydrocarbons by a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction using a bubble column type slurry bed reactor. According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the size and simplification of manufacturing equipment and the maintenance associated therewith.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2011年3月28日に日本に出願された特願2011-069395号について優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
FT合成反応により炭化水素を製造する方法としては、例えば特許文献1に、液体炭化水素中に固体の触媒粒子を懸濁させたスラリー(以下、単に「スラリー」ということもある。)中に合成ガスを吹き込んでFT合成反応させる、気泡塔型スラリー床反応器を用いる方法が開示されている。
この場合、必要となるフィルターの負荷を賄うためには、フィルターの濾過面積を大きくする必要があり、設備の大型化に伴う設備コストの上昇、およびそれに伴うメンテナンス・コストの上昇の問題があった。
まず、本発明の炭化水素の製造方法を実施するのに好適な、合成反応システムの一例について、図1を参照して説明する。
図1に示す液体燃料合成システム1は、天然ガス等の炭化水素原料を液体燃料に転換するGTLプロセスを実行するプラント設備である。
この液体燃料合成システム1は、合成ガス製造ユニット3と、FT合成ユニット5と、アップグレーディングユニット7とから構成されている。合成ガス製造ユニット3は、炭化水素原料である天然ガスを改質して一酸化炭素ガスと水素ガスを含む合成ガスを製造する。FT合成ユニット5は、合成ガス製造ユニット3において製造された合成ガスからFT合成反応により液体炭化水素を合成する。アップグレーディングユニット7は、FT合成反応により合成された液体炭化水素を水素化・精製して液体燃料(主として灯油、軽油)の基材を製造する。
以下、これら各ユニットの構成要素について説明する。
CH4+CO2→2CO+2H2 ・・・(2)
気泡塔型スラリー床反応器30は、合成ガスから液体炭化水素を合成するもので、FT合成反応により合成ガスから液体炭化水素を合成するFT合成用反応器として機能する。
この反応器30は、反応器本体80と、冷却管81とを主に備えており、内部が例えば190~270℃程度に加熱され、かつ大気圧より加圧された条件下で運転される。
この反応器本体80の下部においては、水素ガスおよび一酸化炭素ガスを主成分とする合成ガスがスラリー中に噴射されるようになっている。そして、スラリー中に吹き込まれた合成ガスは、気泡となってスラリー中を反応器本体80の高さ方向(鉛直方向)下方から上方へ向かって上昇する。その過程で、合成ガスは液体炭化水素中に溶解し、触媒粒子と接触することにより、液体炭化水素の合成反応(FT合成反応)が進行する。具体的には、下記化学反応式(3)に示すように水素ガスと一酸化炭素ガスとが反応して炭化水素を生成する。
反応器本体80内のスラリーを冷却するため媒体としては、前記のような冷却水に限定されず、例えば、C4~C10の直鎖状、分枝鎖状または環状のアルカン、オレフィン、低分子量シラン、シリルエーテル、シリコーンオイルなどを使用することもできる。
また、触媒粒子の平均粒径は特に限定されないが、スラリーの流動性の観点から、40~150μm程度であることが好ましい。
これら各フィルターエレメント53には、系統ごとに濾液(液体炭化水素)を抜き出す第1導管54がそれぞれに接続して設けられており、これら第1導管54は、一つの第2導管55に接続している。第1導管54には、必要に応じてそれぞれに独立して開閉弁(図示せず)が設けられている。また、第2導管55には、弁56が設けられており、第3導管57には弁58が接続されている。第2導管55は、図2に示す第1配管41に接続しており、第3導管57は、図2に示す第2配管44に接続している。
逆洗液槽38は、後述する軽質液体炭化水素を貯留するようになっているが、上記の配置により、必要に応じて、外部型触媒分離器34および前記濾過装置45で濾過された重質液体炭化水素をこの逆洗液槽38に供給し、前記軽質液体炭化水素と混合することができるようになっている。この逆洗液槽38には前記第2配管44が接続されており、これによって逆洗液槽38は、貯留した軽質液体炭化水素または軽質炭化水素と重質炭化水素との混合物(混合油)を逆洗液として第2配管44に導出し、外部型触媒分離器34に供給するようになっている。
すなわち、FT合成反応においては、主生成物である炭化水素に加えて、副生成物として一酸化炭素由来の酸素原子を有する、アルコール類等の含酸素化合物が生成する。この含酸素化合物は、FT合成反応に使用される触媒の活性を低下させる可能性がある。一方、FT合成反応の特性から、含酸素化合物は、炭素数がより少ない留分(沸点がより低い留分)により多く含まれる傾向にある。このため、フィルター52の逆洗液として、沸点の低い留分(軽質留分)をより多く含む液体炭化水素を用いるほど、逆洗液中に含まれる含酸素化合物の濃度が高くなり、この逆洗液が流入する反応器本体80内の液体炭化水素中の含酸素化合物の濃度が高まる傾向となる。この場合、FT合成反応用の触媒の経時的な活性の低下がより進行しやすくなる可能性がある。
これに対して、反応器本体80の気相部から排出された気体成分を、熱交換部83により上記範囲の温度に冷却して凝縮する軽質液体炭化水素を逆洗液として用いることで、軽質液体炭化水素の中でも比較的に含酸素化合物の濃度が低い成分を利用することとなり、FT合成反応に用いる触媒の活性低下に与える影響を減じることができる可能性がある。
このようにして第1ドラム84での気液分離により得られた液体炭化水素(軽質液体炭化水素)は、後述するように逆洗液として好ましく使用され、一方、この液体炭化水素から分離された気体成分は第2ドラム85側に排出される。
この気体成分は、未反応の合成ガス(CO、H2)およびC4以下の炭化水素を主として含み、合成ガスの供給管49において、合成ガス製造ユニット3から供給される合成ガスと混合され、反応器30にリサイクルされ、未反応の合成ガスが再利用される。この第3ドラム86から排出される気体成分については、少なくともその一部は、合成ガスの供給管49に返送することなく、フレア・ガスとして焼却する、あるいは燃料として用いるようにしてもよい。
すなわち、反応器本体80内の気相部から抜き出された気体成分を合成ガスとの熱交換部83で冷却し、得られた軽質液体炭化水素を、この再冷却部94で冷却する。再冷却部94の出口温度としては特に限定されず、熱交換部83の出口温度より低い温度であればよいものの、100℃以上200℃以下の温度であることが好ましく、120℃以上190℃以下の温度であることがより好ましい。
第1精留塔40は、第1配管41に接続して配設され、前記第1配管41を経て供給される重質液体炭化水素、すなわち外部型触媒分離器34から導出された液体炭化水素と、第2導出管91および第3導出管92をそれぞれ経て供給される軽質液体炭化水素、すなわち第2ドラム85および第3ドラム86から導出された軽質液体炭化水素とを蒸留し、沸点に応じて各留分に分離する。
なお、上記では気液分離装置36は第1ドラム84、第2ドラム85、第3ドラム、第1凝縮器87および第2凝縮器88から構成されるものとしたが、このような構成とすることにより、軽質液体炭化水素を確実に回収することが可能となる。
但し、気液分離装置36は上記の構成に限定されることはなく、第2ドラム85、第2凝縮器88および第2導出管91を設けず、第1凝縮器87の出口配管を第3ドラム86の入口配管と接続する構成としてもよい。その場合の第1凝縮器87の出口温度は40℃程度に設定する。
合成反応システム1には、天然ガス田または天然ガスプラントなどの外部の天然ガス供給源(図示せず。)から、炭化水素原料としての天然ガス(主成分がCH4)が供給される。前記合成ガス製造ユニット3は、この天然ガスを改質して合成ガス(一酸化炭素ガスと水素ガスを主成分とする混合ガス)を製造する。
さらに、この合成反応時には、冷却管81内に水を流通させることでFT合成反応の反応熱を除去する。この熱交換により加熱された水は、気化して水蒸気となる。この水蒸気に含まれる液体の水は、気液分離器32で分離されて冷却管81に戻され、気体分が中圧スチーム(例えば1.0~2.5MPaG)として外部装置に供給される。
外部型触媒分離器34では、導入されたスラリーをフィルター52によって濾過し、触媒粒子を捕捉する。これにより、スラリーを固形分と液体炭化水素からなる液体分とに分離する。この外部型触媒分離器34による濾過処理により、反応器30内から液体炭化水素を抜き出す(抜き出し工程)。ここで、外部型触媒分離器34内の温度や圧力については、基本的には反応器本体80内と同じ条件で運転される。したがって、フィルター52によって濾過分離されて得られる液体分は、前述したように反応器本体80内の条件において液体状である炭化水素、すなわち重質液体炭化水素である。
したがって、濾過工程で捕捉された触媒粒子は、その後になされる逆洗工程においてフィルター52表面から取り除かれ、逆洗液とともに返送管34bを経て反応器本体80のスラリー床に戻されるようになっている。
そして、貯槽46から排出された重質液体炭化水素は、第2ドラム85および第3ドラム86から排出される軽質液体炭化水素と合流し、第1精留塔40に供給される。また、場合により、その重質液体炭化水素の一部は、弁47によって必要量が逆洗液として逆洗液槽38に供給され、その他は第1精留塔40に供給される。但し、以後の本実施形態の説明では、重質液体炭化水素は逆洗液用として逆洗液槽38に供給されることなく、全量が第1精留塔40に供給されるものとする。
このようにして得られる軽質液体炭化水素を逆洗液として用いれば、逆洗液は反応器本体80内に戻された後、気化して気体成分の一部として反応器本体の頂部から排出され、スラリーの一部として外部型触媒分離器34のフィルター52で濾過処理されることはない。したがって、この軽質液体炭化水素からなる逆洗液はフィルター52を往復して繰り返し通過することがないため、逆洗液として重質液体炭化水素を用いていた従来に比べ、フィルター52の負荷を格段に軽減することができる。
なお、第1ドラム84および/または第2ドラム85に流入する液体成分中には、反応器30内で副生する水が含まれている。したがって、第1ドラム84および/または第2ドラム85の底部には、水抜き用の配管(図示せず。)を設けておくのが好ましい。
すると、逆洗液は外部型触媒分離器34内に導入され、第3導管57を介して第1導管54を逆流し、フィルターエレメント53の濾過媒体53bを洗浄(逆洗)する。これにより、濾過媒体53bに堆積した触媒粒子は濾過媒体53bから除去され、逆洗液に同伴されて返送管34bを経て、逆洗液とともに反応器30内のスラリー床中に戻される。
一方、逆洗液としての軽質液体炭化水素は、反応器本体80内にて気体となり、反応器本体80の気相部から抜き出され、気液分離装置36に送られる。なお、第1ドラム84に接続する第1導出管90は、図2中に示す配管90の破線部分により、第2導出管91、第3導出管92が合流する配管に接続しており、切換弁(図示せず。)の切換制御等によって液体(軽質液体炭化水素)の流れる方向を逆洗液槽38側と第1精留塔40側とのいずれかに切り換えられるようになっている。これにより、反応系内を循環する、逆洗液としての軽質液体炭化水素が過剰になった際には、過剰分を第1精留塔40側に排出することができる。
また、前記軽質液体炭化水素を再冷却部94(再冷却工程)で更に冷却するようにしたので、逆洗工程の際に液体の状態に維持される時間を長くすることができ、したがって逆洗液としての機能をより良好に発揮させることができる。
本実施形態が前記第1実施形態と異なるところは、逆洗液として、前記軽質液体炭化水素に重質液体炭化水素を混合した混合液を用いる点である。
一方、逆洗液中の軽質液体炭化水素は、反応器本体80内にて気体となり、反応器本体80の気相部から抜き出され、気液分離装置36に送られる。
また、前記実施形態では、フィルター52の一部のフィルターエレメント53群で濾過を行うと同時に、他のフィルターエレメント53群で逆洗を行うようにし、したがって濾過工程と逆洗工程とを同時に並行して行うようにしたが、濾過工程と逆洗工程とを同時に行うことなく交互に行うようにしてもよい。
また、前記実施形態においては、液体燃料合成システム1を用いて本発明の製造方法を実施する形態について述べたが、本発明は少なくとも水素ガス及び一酸化炭素ガスを主成分とする合成ガスと触媒粒子を含むスラリーとの接触によって炭化水素を合成する、炭化水素の製造方法に適用されるものである。
5…FT合成ユニット、
30…気泡塔型スラリー床反応器(反応器)、
34…外部型触媒分離器、
36…気液分離装置、
38…逆洗液槽、
40…第1精留塔、
52…フィルター、
46…濾過装置、
82…抜出管、
83…熱交換部、
90…第1導出管、
94…再冷却部
Claims (5)
- 触媒粒子と液体炭化水素とを含むスラリーを内部に保持し、前記スラリーの上部に気相部を有する気泡塔型スラリー床反応器を用いて、フィッシャー・トロプシュ合成反応により炭化水素を合成する合成工程と、
前記反応器の内部および/または外部に配置されたフィルターに前記スラリーを流通させて触媒粒子と重質液体炭化水素とを分離し、重質液体炭化水素を抜き出す抜き出し工程と、
前記フィルターに前記スラリーの流通方向と逆方向に液体炭化水素を流通させ、前記フィルターに堆積した触媒粒子を前記反応器内のスラリー床中に戻す逆洗工程と、
前記反応器の気相部から排出される該反応器内の条件において気体状である炭化水素を冷却し、凝縮した軽質液体炭化水素を気体成分から分離して回収する冷却・気液分離工程とを備え、
前記逆洗工程において流通させる液体炭化水素が、前記冷却・気液分離工程で得られる軽質液体炭化水素を含む炭化水素の製造方法。 - 前記軽質液体炭化水素が、前記冷却・気液分離工程において、前記反応器内の条件において気体状である炭化水素を、180℃以上且つ前記反応器内の温度よりも低い温度に冷却することにより凝縮する軽質液体炭化水素である請求項1記載の炭化水素の製造方法。
- 前記軽質液体炭化水素を更に冷却する再冷却工程を備え、該工程を経た軽質液体炭化水素を前記逆洗工程に供する請求項1又は2に記載の炭化水素の製造方法。
- 前記逆洗工程において流通させる液体炭化水素が、前記軽質液体炭化水素と、前記抜き出し工程で抜き出された重質液体炭化水素との混合物である請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の炭化水素の製造方法。
- 前記混合物中の重質液体炭化水素は、前記抜き出し工程で抜き出された重質液体炭化水素が含有する触媒粒子の少なくとも一部が、更に除去されたものである請求項4記載の炭化水素の製造方法。
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2012
- 2012-03-15 US US14/006,665 patent/US8921432B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-03-15 CA CA2830615A patent/CA2830615C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-03-15 EP EP12765832.6A patent/EP2692834B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2012-03-15 AU AU2012234832A patent/AU2012234832C1/en not_active Ceased
- 2012-03-15 MY MYPI2013701733A patent/MY163223A/en unknown
- 2012-03-15 AP AP2013007187A patent/AP3748A/en active
- 2012-03-15 WO PCT/JP2012/056664 patent/WO2012132920A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-03-15 CN CN201280014960.2A patent/CN103562350B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-03-15 EA EA201391219A patent/EA201391219A1/ru unknown
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WO2014156890A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-26 | 2014-10-02 | 独立行政法人石油天然ガス・金属鉱物資源機構 | 炭化水素合成反応装置 |
JP2014189603A (ja) * | 2013-03-26 | 2014-10-06 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Engineering Co Ltd | 炭化水素合成反応装置 |
US9688918B2 (en) | 2013-03-26 | 2017-06-27 | Japan Oil, Gas And Metals National Corporation | Hydrocarbon synthesis reaction apparatus |
EA032165B1 (ru) * | 2013-03-26 | 2019-04-30 | Джэпэн Ойл, Гэз Энд Металз Нэшнл Корпорейшн | Аппарат для осуществления реакции синтеза углеводородов |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5889539B2 (ja) | 2016-03-22 |
EP2692834A4 (en) | 2014-10-29 |
MY163223A (en) | 2017-08-30 |
EA201391219A1 (ru) | 2014-02-28 |
EP2692834B1 (en) | 2016-08-17 |
AP2013007187A0 (en) | 2013-10-31 |
CN103562350A (zh) | 2014-02-05 |
JP2012201842A (ja) | 2012-10-22 |
AU2012234832B2 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
EP2692834A1 (en) | 2014-02-05 |
CA2830615C (en) | 2015-11-24 |
AP3748A (en) | 2016-07-31 |
ZA201307419B (en) | 2015-04-29 |
CN103562350B (zh) | 2015-07-15 |
US20140018449A1 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
AU2012234832C1 (en) | 2015-12-03 |
CA2830615A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
US8921432B2 (en) | 2014-12-30 |
AU2012234832A1 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
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