WO2012124396A1 - Burner combustion apparatus - Google Patents

Burner combustion apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012124396A1
WO2012124396A1 PCT/JP2012/052275 JP2012052275W WO2012124396A1 WO 2012124396 A1 WO2012124396 A1 WO 2012124396A1 JP 2012052275 W JP2012052275 W JP 2012052275W WO 2012124396 A1 WO2012124396 A1 WO 2012124396A1
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Prior art keywords
air
flow path
pressure
fuel
variable orifice
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PCT/JP2012/052275
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
弘司 中垣
正夫 野々廣
加藤　潤一
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中外炉工業株式会社
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Publication of WO2012124396A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012124396A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/027—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/02—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers
    • F23N2235/06—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers at the air intake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/02—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers
    • F23N2235/08—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers used with heat exchanges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/02—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers
    • F23N2235/10—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers power assisted, e.g. using electric motors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a burner combustion apparatus.
  • an orifice is provided in each of the fuel and combustion air flow paths, and a pressure equalizing valve is provided before and after the orifice of the fuel flow path so that the pressure of the fuel is equal to the pressure of the combustion air before and after the orifice.
  • a double pressure equalizing valve system that maintains a constant flow rate ratio between fuel and combustion air.
  • the air ratio can be set by adjusting the opening area of the orifice of the fuel flow path.
  • the air ratio can be accurately controlled by providing a flow meter capable of detecting the mass flow rate in each of the fuel and combustion air flow paths and controlling a valve that adjusts the flow rate of the combustion air in accordance with the flow rate of the fuel.
  • a flow meter capable of detecting the mass flow rate in each of the fuel and combustion air flow paths and controlling a valve that adjusts the flow rate of the combustion air in accordance with the flow rate of the fuel.
  • an object is to provide a simple burner combustion apparatus capable of keeping the air ratio constant.
  • a burner combustion apparatus is provided with a fixed orifice provided in an air flow path for supplying combustion air to a burner, a fuel flow path for supplying fuel to the burner, and an opening area.
  • a variable orifice that is capable of changing the pressure of the fuel upstream of the variable orifice of the fuel flow path and upstream of the fixed orifice of the air flow path.
  • a first pressure equalizing valve for making the pressure equal to the pressure of the combustion air on the side, and a downstream side of the variable orifice of the fuel flow path, and a pressure of the fuel on the downstream side of the variable orifice of the fuel flow path A second pressure equalizing valve for making the pressure equal to the pressure of the combustion air on the downstream side of the fixed orifice of the air flow path, provided in the air flow path, And an air temperature detector for detecting the temperature of the baked air, according to the temperature the detected air temperature detector, it is assumed that a control device for controlling the opening area of the variable orifice.
  • the pressure before and after the orifice of the fuel flow path and the air flow path becomes the same, and the opening area of the air flow path orifice can be adjusted according to the air temperature.
  • the fuel flow rate is optimized according to the air temperature, and the optimum air ratio can be achieved regardless of the air temperature. Thereby, it is not necessary to measure the mass flow rate of air or fuel, and the apparatus is not expensive.
  • variable orifice may have a mechanical minimum value of a ratio of an opening area to a flow path area of the fuel flow path between 0.2 and 0.28.
  • the opening area of the variable orifice can be appropriately adjusted with respect to a wide range of air ratio and air temperature. Also, a wide range of mechanically adjustable ranges of the opening area of the variable orifice can be actually used. For this reason, the adjustment unit amount of the opening area is small, and precise control is possible.
  • control device may store characteristic curve data that associates the temperature of the combustion air with the opening area of the variable orifice in a one-to-one relationship.
  • control device may store a plurality of different characteristic curve data.
  • the air ratio can be set by the user selecting a characteristic curve.
  • the opening area of the fuel orifice is adjusted according to the air temperature. For this reason, an optimal air ratio can be achieved with an inexpensive configuration regardless of the air temperature.
  • FIG. 1 It is a schematic block diagram of the burner combustion apparatus which is one embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the characteristic curve of the opening ratio of the variable orifice in the burner combustion apparatus of FIG. It is a schematic front view of the valve body of the variable orifice of FIG. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the valve opening degree and opening ratio of the variable orifice of FIG. It is a figure which shows the characteristic curve of the opening ratio of the variable orifice of the alternative of FIG. It is a figure which shows the air ratio change in the conventional double pressure equalizing valve type combustion apparatus.
  • FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a burner combustion apparatus that is one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the burner combustion apparatus of the present embodiment includes a burner 2 provided in the combustion chamber 1, an air flow path 3 that supplies combustion air to the burner 2, and a fuel flow path 4 that supplies fuel to the burner 2.
  • the air flow path 3 is provided with a heat exchanger 6 for exchanging heat with the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chamber 1 through the flue 5 to preheat the air. Further, the air flow path 3 is provided with a main adjustment valve 7 for adjusting the air flow rate, and a fixed orifice 8 having a fixed opening area is disposed downstream of the main adjustment valve 7. The opening degree of the valve body of the main regulating valve 7 is adjusted by the PID controller 10 so that the detected value of the furnace temperature sensor 9 that detects the temperature in the combustion chamber 1 becomes the set temperature.
  • the air flow path 3 is also provided with an air temperature detector 11 for detecting the temperature of the combustion air.
  • a variable orifice 12 whose opening area can be adjusted is disposed. Further, in the fuel flow path 4, a first pressure equalizing valve 13 that adjusts the pressure upstream of the variable orifice 12 to the same pressure as the pressure upstream of the fixed orifice 8 of the air flow path 3, and downstream of the variable orifice 12. A second pressure equalizing valve 14 that adjusts the pressure on the side to the same pressure as the pressure on the downstream side of the fixed orifice 8 of the air flow path 3 is provided.
  • the opening area of the variable orifice 12 is adjusted by the orifice control device 15 according to the detection value of the air temperature detector 11 and the air ratio preset by the user.
  • the first pressure equalizing valve 13 and the second pressure equalizing valve 14 each have a diaphragm for driving the valve body.
  • the pressures of the two parts that should be equal to each other are guided to both sides of the diaphragm via the pressure guiding tubes 16 and 17.
  • the diaphragm is deformed by the difference in pressure between the two portions to drive the valve body.
  • FIG. 2 shows the ratio (opening ratio) of the opening area of the variable orifice 12 set by the orifice control device 15 to the flow area of the fuel flow path 4.
  • the orifice control device 15 is configured such that the user can set the air ratio ⁇ to a desired ratio selected from values in increments of 0.1 between 0.9 and 1.3.
  • the orifice control device 15 has characteristic curve data that correlates the air temperature detected by the air temperature detector 11 and the opening ratio of the variable orifice 12 on a one-to-one basis for each set value of each air ratio ⁇ . Is remembered.
  • the characteristic curve data is usually stored as a reference table in which an aperture ratio is assigned for each air temperature category. However, the characteristic curve may be stored as a function of air temperature so that the aperture ratio is determined by computation.
  • FIG. 3 shows the configuration of the variable orifice 12.
  • the variable orifice 12 includes a housing 18 having an inner diameter equal to the flow path diameter of the fuel flow path 4, and a disk-shaped valve body 19 held in the housing 18 by a drive shaft 20. That is, the variable orifice 12 is a butterfly type variable orifice in which the valve element 19 is inclined and the opening area is enlarged by the rotation of the drive shaft 20.
  • the diameter of the valve body 19 is smaller than the flow path diameter of the housing 18, and the maximum projected area of the valve body 19 is 80% of the flow path area of the housing 18.
  • the variable orifice 12 including the small valve body 19 has an opening ratio of 0.2 when the opening area is mechanically minimized.
  • FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the valve opening of the variable orifice 12 (1% corresponds to the rotation angle of the drive shaft 20 of 0.9 °) and the orifice opening ratio. It shows in contrast with the opening ratio when the valve body is used.
  • the drive shaft 20 is driven by a pulse motor, and the resolution (corresponding to one pulse) is 0.3% and the angle is 0.27 °.
  • the valve opening range up to an opening ratio of 0.48 when the air temperature is 20 ° C. is shown.
  • the small valve element 19 of the present embodiment is used in a valve opening in a much wider range than a normal valve element. That is, the variable orifice 12 having the small valve body 19 has a small amount of change in the aperture ratio per angular positioning unit drive amount of the drive shaft 20 and can be precisely controlled.
  • the characteristic curve data stored in the orifice control device 15 may be described as a value representing the opening ratio of the variable orifice 12 by the angle of the drive shaft 20.
  • the minimum value of the opening ratio of the variable orifice 12 is preferably between 0.2 in the case of FIG. 2 and 0.28 in the case of FIG. That is, it is preferable that the maximum projected area of the valve element 19 of the variable orifice 12 is in the range of 0.72 to 0.8 times the flow path area of the fuel flow path 4 (effective portion before and after the variable orifice 12).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

Provided is a burner combustion apparatus capable of maintaining a constant air ratio, which comprises a fixed orifice (8) where an air passage (3) is disposed to supply combustion air to a burner (2); a variable orifice (12) disposed at a fuel passage (4) supplying a fuel to the burner (2) and capable of changing an opening space; a first pressure equalizing valve (13) disposed at an upstream part of the variable orifice (12) of the fuel passage (4) to make fuel pressure at the position equal to pressure of the combustion air at an upstream part of the fixed orifice (8) of the air passage (3); a second pressure equalizing valve (14) disposed at a downstream part of the variable orifice (12) of the fuel passage (4) to make fuel pressure at the position equal to pressure of the combustion air at a downstream part of the fixed orifice (8) of the air passage (3); an air temperature detector (11) disposed at the air passage (3) to detect temperature of the combustion air; and a control device (15) controlling the opening space of the variable orifice (12) correspondingly to the temperature detected by the air temperature detector (11).

Description

バーナ燃焼装置Burner burner
　本発明は、バーナ燃焼装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a burner combustion apparatus.
　バーナでは、良好な燃焼状態を維持するために、燃料と燃焼空気との比を適正な値に保つ必要がある。つまり、実際に供給される空気量の燃料を完全燃焼させるために必要な理論空気量に対する比である空気比（空気量／理論空気量）を適切な値に保つ必要がある。一般に、バーナに求められる燃焼熱量を確保するために、燃料の流量が調整され、それに合わせて燃焼空気の流量も調整される。 In the burner, it is necessary to keep the ratio of fuel and combustion air at an appropriate value in order to maintain a good combustion state. That is, it is necessary to maintain an air ratio (air amount / theoretical air amount), which is a ratio of the actually supplied air amount to the theoretical air amount necessary for complete combustion of the fuel, at an appropriate value. Generally, in order to ensure the amount of combustion heat required for the burner, the flow rate of fuel is adjusted, and the flow rate of combustion air is adjusted accordingly.
　燃焼空気の流量を調整する方法として、特許文献１に記載されているように、燃料流路に流量計を設け、検出した燃料流量に応じて、空気流路のバルブの開度を調整し、空気比を一定に保つ方法がある。また、より簡素な構成として、特許文献２に記載されているように、燃料の圧力と燃焼空気の圧力とを等しく保つ均圧弁を設けることで、空気比を一定に保つ方法もある。 As a method for adjusting the flow rate of the combustion air, as described in Patent Document 1, a flow meter is provided in the fuel flow path, and the opening of the valve of the air flow path is adjusted according to the detected fuel flow rate, There is a way to keep the air ratio constant. As a simpler configuration, there is a method of keeping the air ratio constant by providing a pressure equalizing valve that keeps the fuel pressure and the combustion air pressure equal, as described in Patent Document 2.
　さらに、燃料および燃焼空気の流路にそれぞれオリフィスを設け、燃料流路のオリフィスの前後に、燃料の圧力をオリフィスの前後の燃焼空気の圧力とそれぞれ等しくする均圧弁を設けることで、オリフィスを通過する燃料と燃焼空気との流量比を一定に保つ二重均圧弁方式も知られている。二重均圧弁方式では、燃料流路のオリフィスの開口面積を調整することで、空気比を設定できる。 Furthermore, an orifice is provided in each of the fuel and combustion air flow paths, and a pressure equalizing valve is provided before and after the orifice of the fuel flow path so that the pressure of the fuel is equal to the pressure of the combustion air before and after the orifice. There is also known a double pressure equalizing valve system that maintains a constant flow rate ratio between fuel and combustion air. In the double pressure equalizing valve system, the air ratio can be set by adjusting the opening area of the orifice of the fuel flow path.
　これらの方法では、燃料および／または燃焼空気の温度が変化すると、気体の状態方程式にしたがって、燃料および／または燃焼空気の体積が温度に比例して変化するため、空気比を一定に保つことができないという問題がある。特に、燃焼排ガスから燃焼空気に熱回収を行う空気予熱式の燃焼装置では、燃焼空気の温度が大きく変化するため、上述の方法では、空気比を適切に調整できなかった。例えば、図６に示すように、３５０℃に予熱された空気について適正な空気比μ＝１．１となるようにオリフィス径を選定したとしても、炉の立ち上げ時などにおいて実際の空気温度が５０℃であれば、空気比μ＝１．５３となり、バーナが吹き消える畏れもある。 In these methods, when the temperature of the fuel and / or combustion air changes, the volume of the fuel and / or combustion air changes in proportion to the temperature according to the equation of state of the gas, so that the air ratio can be kept constant. There is a problem that you can not. In particular, in an air preheating type combustion apparatus that recovers heat from combustion exhaust gas to combustion air, the temperature of the combustion air changes greatly, and the above method cannot adjust the air ratio appropriately. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, even when the orifice diameter is selected so that the air ratio μ = 1.1 is appropriate for air preheated to 350 ° C., the actual air temperature at the start-up of the furnace, etc. If it is 50 ° C., the air ratio μ = 1.53, and the burner may blow off.
　燃料および燃焼空気の流路にそれぞれ質量流量を検出できる流量計を設け、燃料の流量に応じて燃焼空気の流量を調整するバルブを制御すれば、空気比を正確に制御することができる。しかしながら、それは、装置のコストが高くなるため、小型の燃焼装置に採用することは難しい。 The air ratio can be accurately controlled by providing a flow meter capable of detecting the mass flow rate in each of the fuel and combustion air flow paths and controlling a valve that adjusts the flow rate of the combustion air in accordance with the flow rate of the fuel. However, it is difficult to employ in a small combustion device because of the high cost of the device.
特許４２３４３０９号公報Japanese Patent No. 4234309 特開２０１０－２３０２７９号公報JP 2010-230279 A
　前記問題点に鑑みて、空気比を一定に保つことができる簡素なバーナ燃焼装置を提供することを課題とする。 In view of the above problems, an object is to provide a simple burner combustion apparatus capable of keeping the air ratio constant.
　前記課題を解決するために、本発明によるバーナ燃焼装置は、バーナに燃焼空気を供給する空気流路に設けられた固定オリフィスと、前記バーナに燃料を供給する燃料流路に設けられ、開口面積を変化させられる可変オリフィスと、前記燃料流路の前記可変オリフィスの上流側に設けられ、前記燃料流路の前記可変オリフィスの上流側における前記燃料の圧力を前記空気流路の前記固定オリフィスの上流側における前記燃焼空気の圧力と等しい圧力にする第１均圧弁と、前記燃料流路の前記可変オリフィスの下流側に設けられ、前記燃料流路の前記可変オリフィスの下流側における前記燃料の圧力を前記空気流路の前記固定オリフィスの下流側における前記燃焼空気の圧力と等しい圧力にする第２均圧弁と、前記空気流路に設けられ、前記燃焼空気の温度を検出する空気温度検出器と、前記空気温度検出器が検出した温度に応じて、前記可変オリフィスの開口面積を制御する制御装置とを有するものとする。 In order to solve the above problems, a burner combustion apparatus according to the present invention is provided with a fixed orifice provided in an air flow path for supplying combustion air to a burner, a fuel flow path for supplying fuel to the burner, and an opening area. A variable orifice that is capable of changing the pressure of the fuel upstream of the variable orifice of the fuel flow path and upstream of the fixed orifice of the air flow path. A first pressure equalizing valve for making the pressure equal to the pressure of the combustion air on the side, and a downstream side of the variable orifice of the fuel flow path, and a pressure of the fuel on the downstream side of the variable orifice of the fuel flow path A second pressure equalizing valve for making the pressure equal to the pressure of the combustion air on the downstream side of the fixed orifice of the air flow path, provided in the air flow path, And an air temperature detector for detecting the temperature of the baked air, according to the temperature the detected air temperature detector, it is assumed that a control device for controlling the opening area of the variable orifice.
　この構成によれば、燃料流路と空気流路のオリフィスの前後の圧力が同じになり、空気流路のオリフィスの開口面積が空気温度に応じて調整され得る。このため、空気温度に応じて燃料流量を最適化し、空気温度に拘わらず最適な空気比を達成できる。これにより、空気や燃料の質量流量を測定する必要がなく、装置が高価にならない。 According to this configuration, the pressure before and after the orifice of the fuel flow path and the air flow path becomes the same, and the opening area of the air flow path orifice can be adjusted according to the air temperature. For this reason, the fuel flow rate is optimized according to the air temperature, and the optimum air ratio can be achieved regardless of the air temperature. Thereby, it is not necessary to measure the mass flow rate of air or fuel, and the apparatus is not expensive.
　また、本発明のバーナ燃焼装置において、前記可変オリフィスは、前記燃料流路の流路面積に対する開口面積の比の機械的な最小値が０．２から０．２８の間であってもよい。 In the burner combustion apparatus of the present invention, the variable orifice may have a mechanical minimum value of a ratio of an opening area to a flow path area of the fuel flow path between 0.2 and 0.28.
　この構成によれば、可変オリフィスの開口の面積を、広範囲の空気比および空気温度に対して適切に調整することができる。また、可変オリフィスの開口面積の機械的に調整可能な範囲の中の広い範囲を実際に使用することができる。このため、開口面積の調整単位量が小さく、精密な制御が可能である。 According to this configuration, the opening area of the variable orifice can be appropriately adjusted with respect to a wide range of air ratio and air temperature. Also, a wide range of mechanically adjustable ranges of the opening area of the variable orifice can be actually used. For this reason, the adjustment unit amount of the opening area is small, and precise control is possible.
　また、本発明のバーナ燃焼装置において、前記制御装置は、前記燃焼空気の温度と前記可変オリフィスの開口面積とを１対１に対応付ける特性曲線データを記憶してもよい。 In the burner combustion apparatus of the present invention, the control device may store characteristic curve data that associates the temperature of the combustion air with the opening area of the variable orifice in a one-to-one relationship.
　この構成によれば、可変オリフィスの制御に参照テーブルを使用する簡単な制御が適用できる。 こ の According to this configuration, simple control using a reference table can be applied to control the variable orifice.
　また、本発明のバーナ燃焼装置において、前記制御装置は、複数の異なる前記特性曲線データを記憶してもよい。 In the burner combustion apparatus of the present invention, the control device may store a plurality of different characteristic curve data.
　この構成によれば、ユーザが特性曲線を選択することによって空気比を設定することができる。 According to this configuration, the air ratio can be set by the user selecting a characteristic curve.
　上記のように、本発明によれば、二重均圧弁方式の燃焼装置において、燃料オリフィスの開口面積が空気温度に応じて調整される。このため、安価な構成で、空気温度に拘わらず最適な空気比を達成できる。 As described above, according to the present invention, in the double pressure equalizing valve type combustion apparatus, the opening area of the fuel orifice is adjusted according to the air temperature. For this reason, an optimal air ratio can be achieved with an inexpensive configuration regardless of the air temperature.
本発明の１つの実施形態であるバーナ燃焼装置の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the burner combustion apparatus which is one embodiment of this invention. 図１のバーナ燃焼装置における可変オリフィスの開口比の特性曲線を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the characteristic curve of the opening ratio of the variable orifice in the burner combustion apparatus of FIG. 図１の可変オリフィスの弁体の概略正面図である。It is a schematic front view of the valve body of the variable orifice of FIG. 図３の可変オリフィスの弁開度と開口比の関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the relationship between the valve opening degree and opening ratio of the variable orifice of FIG. 図２の代案の可変オリフィスの開口比の特性曲線を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the characteristic curve of the opening ratio of the variable orifice of the alternative of FIG. 従来の二重均圧弁方式の燃焼装置における空気比変化を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the air ratio change in the conventional double pressure equalizing valve type combustion apparatus.
　図１に、本発明の１つの実施形態であるバーナ燃焼装置の構成を示す。本実施形態のバーナ燃焼装置は、燃焼室１に設けたバーナ２と、バーナ２に燃焼空気を供給する空気流路３と、バーナ２に燃料を供給する燃料流路４とを備える。 FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a burner combustion apparatus that is one embodiment of the present invention. The burner combustion apparatus of the present embodiment includes a burner 2 provided in the combustion chamber 1, an air flow path 3 that supplies combustion air to the burner 2, and a fuel flow path 4 that supplies fuel to the burner 2.
　空気流路３には、燃焼室１から煙道５を通して排出される燃焼排ガスと熱交換して空気を予熱するための熱交換器６が設けられている。さらに、空気流路３には、空気流量を調節するための主調整弁７が設けられ、主調整弁７の下流に、開口面積が固定された固定オリフィス８が配設されている。主調整弁７の弁体の開度は、燃焼室１内の温度を検出する炉内温度センサ９の検出値が設定温度になるように、ＰＩＤコントローラ１０によって調整される。また、空気流路３には、燃焼空気の温度を検出する空気温度検出器１１も設けられている。 The air flow path 3 is provided with a heat exchanger 6 for exchanging heat with the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chamber 1 through the flue 5 to preheat the air. Further, the air flow path 3 is provided with a main adjustment valve 7 for adjusting the air flow rate, and a fixed orifice 8 having a fixed opening area is disposed downstream of the main adjustment valve 7. The opening degree of the valve body of the main regulating valve 7 is adjusted by the PID controller 10 so that the detected value of the furnace temperature sensor 9 that detects the temperature in the combustion chamber 1 becomes the set temperature. The air flow path 3 is also provided with an air temperature detector 11 for detecting the temperature of the combustion air.
　燃料流路４には、開口面積を調整可能な可変オリフィス１２が配設されている。さらに、燃料流路４には、可変オリフィス１２の上流側の圧力を、空気流路３の固定オリフィス８の上流側の圧力と同じ圧力に調整する第１均圧弁１３と、可変オリフィス１２の下流側の圧力を、空気流路３の固定オリフィス８の下流側の圧力と同じ圧力に調整する第２均圧弁１４とが設けられている。 In the fuel flow path 4, a variable orifice 12 whose opening area can be adjusted is disposed. Further, in the fuel flow path 4, a first pressure equalizing valve 13 that adjusts the pressure upstream of the variable orifice 12 to the same pressure as the pressure upstream of the fixed orifice 8 of the air flow path 3, and downstream of the variable orifice 12. A second pressure equalizing valve 14 that adjusts the pressure on the side to the same pressure as the pressure on the downstream side of the fixed orifice 8 of the air flow path 3 is provided.
　可変オリフィス１２の開口面積は、オリフィス制御装置１５によって、空気温度検出器１１の検出値と、ユーザが予め設定する空気比とに応じて調整される。 The opening area of the variable orifice 12 is adjusted by the orifice control device 15 according to the detection value of the air temperature detector 11 and the air ratio preset by the user.
　第１均圧弁１３および第２均圧弁１４は、それぞれ、弁体を駆動するダイアフラムを有する。互いに圧力を等しくすべき２つの部分の圧力が、導圧管１６，１７を介してダイアフラムの両側に導かれる。２つの部分の圧力の差によってダイアフラムが変形して弁体を駆動する。 The first pressure equalizing valve 13 and the second pressure equalizing valve 14 each have a diaphragm for driving the valve body. The pressures of the two parts that should be equal to each other are guided to both sides of the diaphragm via the pressure guiding tubes 16 and 17. The diaphragm is deformed by the difference in pressure between the two portions to drive the valve body.
　図２に、オリフィス制御装置１５によって設定される可変オリフィス１２の開口面積の燃料流路４の流路面積に対する比（開口比）を示す。本実施形態は、オリフィス制御装置１５において、ユーザが空気比μを０．９から１．３までの間で０．１刻みの値から選択した所望の比に設定できるように構成されている。 FIG. 2 shows the ratio (opening ratio) of the opening area of the variable orifice 12 set by the orifice control device 15 to the flow area of the fuel flow path 4. In the present embodiment, the orifice control device 15 is configured such that the user can set the air ratio μ to a desired ratio selected from values in increments of 0.1 between 0.9 and 1.3.
　オリフィス制御装置１５は、図２に示すように、各空気比μの設定値毎に、空気温度検出器１１が検出した空気温度と可変オリフィス１２の開口比とを１対１に対応付ける特性曲線データを記憶している。特性曲線データは、通常、空気温度の区分毎に開口比を割り当てた参照テーブルとして記憶される。しかしながら、特性曲線は、開口比を演算によって決定するように、空気温度の関数として記憶されてもよい。 As shown in FIG. 2, the orifice control device 15 has characteristic curve data that correlates the air temperature detected by the air temperature detector 11 and the opening ratio of the variable orifice 12 on a one-to-one basis for each set value of each air ratio μ. Is remembered. The characteristic curve data is usually stored as a reference table in which an aperture ratio is assigned for each air temperature category. However, the characteristic curve may be stored as a function of air temperature so that the aperture ratio is determined by computation.
　図３に、可変オリフィス１２の構成を示す。可変オリフィス１２は、燃料流路４の流路径と等しい内径のハウジング１８と、ハウジング１８の中に駆動軸２０によって保持された円盤状の弁体１９とを有する。つまり、可変オリフィス１２は、駆動軸２０の回転によって、弁体１９が傾斜して開口面積を拡大するバタフライタイプの可変オリフィスである。本実施形態の可変オリフィス１２において、弁体１９の径は、ハウジング１８の流路径よりも小さく、弁体１９の最大投影面積は、ハウジング１８の流路面積の８０％である。このように小型の弁体１９を備える可変オリフィス１２は、機械的に最も開口面積を小さくしたときの開口比が０．２になる。 FIG. 3 shows the configuration of the variable orifice 12. The variable orifice 12 includes a housing 18 having an inner diameter equal to the flow path diameter of the fuel flow path 4, and a disk-shaped valve body 19 held in the housing 18 by a drive shaft 20. That is, the variable orifice 12 is a butterfly type variable orifice in which the valve element 19 is inclined and the opening area is enlarged by the rotation of the drive shaft 20. In the variable orifice 12 of the present embodiment, the diameter of the valve body 19 is smaller than the flow path diameter of the housing 18, and the maximum projected area of the valve body 19 is 80% of the flow path area of the housing 18. Thus, the variable orifice 12 including the small valve body 19 has an opening ratio of 0.2 when the opening area is mechanically minimized.
　図４に、可変オリフィス１２の弁開度（１％は、駆動軸２０の回転角度０．９°に相当する）と、オリフィス開口比との関係を、径がハウジング１８の内径に等しい通常の弁体を用いた場合の開口比と対比して示す。尚、駆動軸２０は、パルスモータによって駆動され、その分解能（１パルスに相当）は、０．３％であり、角度にして０．２７°である。 FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the valve opening of the variable orifice 12 (1% corresponds to the rotation angle of the drive shaft 20 of 0.9 °) and the orifice opening ratio. It shows in contrast with the opening ratio when the valve body is used. The drive shaft 20 is driven by a pulse motor, and the resolution (corresponding to one pulse) is 0.3% and the angle is 0.27 °.
　図４には、図２において、最も開口比が小さくなる空気比μ＝１．３で空気温度５００℃の場合の開口比０．２０から、最も開口比が大きくなる空気比μ＝０．９で空気温度２０℃の場合の開口比０．４８までの弁開度範囲を示す。図示するように、本実施形態の小型の弁体１９は、通常の弁体に比べて格段に広い範囲の弁開度で使用される。即ち、小型の弁体１９を有する可変オリフィス１２は、駆動軸２０の角度位置決め単位駆動量当たりの開口比の変化量が小さく、精密な制御が可能である。 FIG. 4 shows the air ratio μ = 0.9 at which the aperture ratio becomes the largest from the air ratio μ = 1.3 at which the aperture ratio becomes the smallest in FIG. The valve opening range up to an opening ratio of 0.48 when the air temperature is 20 ° C. is shown. As shown in the figure, the small valve element 19 of the present embodiment is used in a valve opening in a much wider range than a normal valve element. That is, the variable orifice 12 having the small valve body 19 has a small amount of change in the aperture ratio per angular positioning unit drive amount of the drive shaft 20 and can be precisely controlled.
　尚、オリフィス制御装置１５が記憶する特性曲線データは、可変オリフィス１２の開口比を、駆動軸２０の角度で表した値として記述したものであってもよい。 The characteristic curve data stored in the orifice control device 15 may be described as a value representing the opening ratio of the variable orifice 12 by the angle of the drive shaft 20.
　一般に、オリフィス前後の圧力差とオリフィス開口比と応じて流量が正確に定められるのは、開口比０．２から０．６６の範囲である。そこで、図５に、本実施形態において、最も開口比が小さくなる空気比μ＝０．９で空気温度２０℃の場合の開口比が、可変オリフィス１２が流量を正確に定められるオリフィスとして機能し得る最大開口比である０．６６になるように、弁体１９の外径を設定した場合の特性曲線を示す。この場合、最も開口比が小さくなる空気比μ＝１．３で空気温度５００℃のとき、開口比は０．２８となる。 Generally, the flow rate is accurately determined according to the pressure difference before and after the orifice and the orifice opening ratio in the range of the opening ratio of 0.2 to 0.66. Therefore, in FIG. 5, in this embodiment, the opening ratio when the air ratio μ = 0.9 and the air temperature is 20 ° C. at which the opening ratio is the smallest functions as the orifice in which the variable orifice 12 accurately determines the flow rate. A characteristic curve when the outer diameter of the valve body 19 is set so as to be 0.66 which is the maximum opening ratio to be obtained is shown. In this case, when the air ratio μ = 1.3 where the aperture ratio is the smallest and the air temperature is 500 ° C., the aperture ratio is 0.28.
　これらより、可変オリフィス１２の開口比の最小値は、図２の場合の０．２から図５の場合の０．２８の間であることが好ましい。つまり、可変オリフィス１２の弁体１９の最大投影面積が、燃料流路４（可変オリフィス１２前後の実効部分）の流路面積の０．７２倍から０．８倍の範囲内であることが好ましい Accordingly, the minimum value of the opening ratio of the variable orifice 12 is preferably between 0.2 in the case of FIG. 2 and 0.28 in the case of FIG. That is, it is preferable that the maximum projected area of the valve element 19 of the variable orifice 12 is in the range of 0.72 to 0.8 times the flow path area of the fuel flow path 4 (effective portion before and after the variable orifice 12).
　　１…燃焼室
　　２…バーナ
　　３…空気流路
　　４…燃料流路
　　５…煙道
　　６…熱交換器
　　７…主調整弁
　　８…固定オリフィス
　　９…炉内温度センサ
　　１０…ＰＩＤコントローラ
　　１１…空気温度検出器
　　１２…可変オリフィス
　　１３…第１均圧弁
　　１４…第２均圧弁
　　１５…オリフィス制御装置
　　１６，１７…導圧管
　　１８…ハウジング
　　１９…弁体
　　２０…駆動軸 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Combustion chamber 2 ... Burner 3 ... Air flow path 4 ... Fuel flow path 5 ... Flue 6 ... Heat exchanger 7 ... Main adjustment valve 8 ... Fixed orifice 9 ... In-furnace temperature sensor 10 ... PID controller 11 ... Air temperature detection 12 ... Variable orifice 13 ... First pressure equalizing valve 14 ... Second pressure equalizing valve 15 ... Orifice control device 16, 17 ... Pressure guiding pipe 18 ... Housing 19 ... Valve element 20 ... Drive shaft

Claims (4)

  1. 　バーナに燃焼空気を供給する空気流路に設けられた固定オリフィスと、
    　前記バーナに燃料を供給する燃料流路に設けられ、開口面積を変化させられる可変オリフィスと、
    　前記燃料流路の前記可変オリフィスの上流側に設けられ、前記燃料流路の前記可変オリフィスの上流側における前記燃料の圧力を前記空気流路の前記固定オリフィスの上流側における前記燃焼空気の圧力と等しい圧力にする第１均圧弁と、
    　前記燃料流路の前記可変オリフィスの下流側に設けられ、前記燃料流路の前記可変オリフィスの下流側における前記燃料の圧力を前記空気流路の前記固定オリフィスの下流側における前記燃焼空気の圧力と等しい圧力にする第２均圧弁と、
    　前記空気流路に設けられ、前記燃焼空気の温度を検出する空気温度検出器と、
    　前記空気温度検出器が検出した温度に応じて、前記可変オリフィスの開口面積を制御する制御装置とを有することを特徴とするバーナ燃焼装置。     A fixed orifice provided in an air flow path for supplying combustion air to the burner;
    A variable orifice provided in a fuel flow path for supplying fuel to the burner, the opening area of which can be changed;
    Provided on the upstream side of the variable orifice of the fuel flow path, and the pressure of the fuel on the upstream side of the variable orifice of the fuel flow path is the pressure of the combustion air on the upstream side of the fixed orifice of the air flow path. A first pressure equalizing valve for equal pressure;
    The fuel pressure is provided on the downstream side of the variable orifice of the fuel flow path, and the pressure of the fuel on the downstream side of the variable orifice of the fuel flow path is defined as the pressure of the combustion air on the downstream side of the fixed orifice of the air flow path. A second pressure equalizing valve for equal pressure;
    An air temperature detector provided in the air flow path for detecting the temperature of the combustion air;
    A burner combustion apparatus comprising: a control device that controls an opening area of the variable orifice according to a temperature detected by the air temperature detector.
  2. 　前記可変オリフィスは、前記燃料流路の流路面積に対する開口面積の比の機械的な最小値が０．２から０．２８の間であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載のバーナ燃焼装置。 2. The burner combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the variable orifice has a mechanical minimum value of a ratio of an opening area to a flow path area of the fuel flow path between 0.2 and 0.28. 3. .
  3. 　前記制御装置は、前記燃焼空気の温度と前記可変オリフィスの開口面積とを１対１に対応付ける特性曲線データを記憶していることを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載のバーナ燃焼装置。 3. The burner combustion apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control device stores characteristic curve data that associates the temperature of the combustion air with the opening area of the variable orifice in a one-to-one relationship.
  4. 　前記制御装置は、複数の異なる前記特性曲線データを記憶していることを特徴とする請求項３に記載のバーナ燃焼装置。 The burner combustion apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the control device stores a plurality of different characteristic curve data.
PCT/JP2012/052275 2011-03-14 2012-02-01 Burner combustion apparatus WO2012124396A1 (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04283313A (en) * 1991-03-11 1992-10-08 Rozai Kogyo Kaisha Ltd Method for proportional control of air-fuel ratio
JPH1047654A (en) * 1996-07-31 1998-02-20 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd Air ratio automatic correcting system for combustion equipment

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04283313A (en) * 1991-03-11 1992-10-08 Rozai Kogyo Kaisha Ltd Method for proportional control of air-fuel ratio
JPH1047654A (en) * 1996-07-31 1998-02-20 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd Air ratio automatic correcting system for combustion equipment

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