WO2012116461A1 - Composition based on granulated cork, applied as thermal insulation, acoustic insulation, and as a fireproof barrier, in partitions, attics and the construction of walls - Google Patents

Composition based on granulated cork, applied as thermal insulation, acoustic insulation, and as a fireproof barrier, in partitions, attics and the construction of walls Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012116461A1
WO2012116461A1 PCT/CL2012/000010 CL2012000010W WO2012116461A1 WO 2012116461 A1 WO2012116461 A1 WO 2012116461A1 CL 2012000010 W CL2012000010 W CL 2012000010W WO 2012116461 A1 WO2012116461 A1 WO 2012116461A1
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Prior art keywords
mixture
cork
composition
acma
water
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PCT/CL2012/000010
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Matias MERINO CERCOS
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Merino Cercos Matias
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Publication of WO2012116461A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012116461A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7604—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only fillings for cavity walls
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/16—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
    • E04B1/161—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with vertical and horizontal slabs, both being partially cast in situ
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/52—Sound-insulating materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B2001/742—Use of special materials; Materials having special structures or shape
    • E04B2001/745—Vegetal products, e.g. plant stems, barks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cork-based composition to be applied as coating, insulation and forming walls of buildings in general and homes in particular, and the method of obtaining said composition.
  • the composition is made up of the following elements, in percentages (according to the total weight of the formula), described below:
  • This composition once added water, can be applied to cover walls, insulate the interiors of the partitions, and to build walls from blocks of an approximate dimension of 1.00 meters wide by 2.40 meters high, incorporating a mesh type acma (electrowelded), inside, as shown in Figure 9 of this report. -
  • insulators that are on the market, which offer us compositions that are harmful to the environment.
  • these insulating compositions in their production processes generate a considerable amount of carbon emissions into the atmosphere, as well as the Works being demolished generate highly polluting waste and concentrations for the land where their debris is deposited.
  • expanded polystyrene emits, in its manufacture, a large amount of chlorofluorocarbons, fueling the greenhouse effect. In turn, it is not a biodegradable material.
  • EPA National Security Agency
  • polystyrene was classified as the fifth chemical whose production generated more hazardous waste. There is currently a report by the agency on polystyrene available online.
  • the invention discloses an insulating composition that responds, both to the requirement of the OGUC regulations and the zeroing of these pollutants; in whose composition it includes a mixture of cork in grain with calcined aggregates, which can be used as an insulator in the construction of buildings, presenting important advantages with what is known in the state of the art, such as not leaving dirty or aggressive residues in the environment, to in turn, it occupies 80% of renewable materials (cork), being an ecological product, both in its manufacture and in its final waste after the demolition of works that contain it, being an environmentally friendly product.
  • cork renewable materials
  • the calcined aggregates in this case the plaster, is extracted from its natural source in the form of calcite, and subjected to calcination, at a temperature of 175 for a period of 50 minutes, this being the only one, in which Carbon emission occurs in low quantity, compared to the other market elements.
  • the calcium phosphate (or chemical gypsum) that can be used in the present composition, and is used in construction is obtained from the process of desulfurization in thermal power plants that use coal.
  • the desulfurization system is to inject water with lime into the gases coming from the boiler, which uses mineral coal as fuel, obtaining in that process calcium phosphate, also called chemical plaster, which is used in construction.
  • This method significantly reduce S02 emissions.Applying an average reduction of 50 percent, the current emission values of the plant, 1,400 milligrams per normal cubic meter (Nm3), will be reduced to 700 milligrams.
  • Nm3 normal cubic meter
  • the plant can reach a capacity desulfurization of up to 89%.
  • this plant has a double benefit, since at the same time it reduces S02 emissions, it produces gypsum that is commonly used in construction.
  • the annual production of chemical plaster, or calcium phosphate, is about 60,000 tons. Lime is transported from Los Barrios Thermal Power Station by truck, but in blocks, thus preventing the diffusion of dust during its transfer. Once in the factory these huge pieces will be pulverized in some mills.
  • cork For the process of elaboration of the most important raw material of the mixture, the cork, we can say that the extraction of the cork from the cork oak (cork tree), is what is called “take out of the cork”. This sac is made mostly during the month of July, which is the month in which the cork can be separated from the tree without damaging it.
  • workers called “corcheros” or “peelers” extract the bark of the cork oak by cutting with an ax and joining the vertical cracks of the cork. So they remove what is called cork sheets, also called “the peel of the cork oak”.
  • cork can be extracted for the first time when the tree is approximately 25 years old, but this data depends much of the quality of the station, since the parameter to be measured is when the tree has a Chest Height Circumference (CAP)> 60cm on cork.
  • CAP Chest Height Circumference
  • This first cork is called bornizo, pattern or cork of nativity scenes, only valid for the elaboration of decorative elements and thermoacoustic insulations, given the difficulty of separating the fine external woody crust, of grayish color, from the cork, so it cannot be used for agglomerates for food use (caps), since it would not be 100% cork.
  • After this first "take out” cork can be extracted every 9 years, depending on the quality of the season.
  • cork grain In the process of making cork stoppers, lower quality residues (remains of the cylindrical punch) remain, as well as the other cork bark of the cork oak, which did not have a cork boiling and curing process during a year, like the one used to make stoppers, resulting in crushing, both mixtures, to form the cork grain used in the prescribed composition.
  • the production of cork grain is characterized by being a handmade handmade process, without carbon emissions and without damaging the cork tree (renewable product) which auto regenerates its bark (cork) which is reused.- It is important to point out the use of the product in the work, since it is also clean and free of contaminants .
  • the installation on site of the Ecorkterm product is carried out as follows: the mixture already prepared in bags, water is added in a percentage of 17% to 25% of the weight, depending on the quality skill in the work of the installer . Then the wet mixture is placed in the cavity to be filled or body to be shaped (see the one indicated in claim n Q 3). It is expected about 48 hrs. For its definitive setting (or 25 minutes to the touch).
  • Figure N2 l corresponds to a cross-sectional view of a vulcometal partition wall (2), which has the composition of Ecorkterm inside (3), and is sealed on its inner and outer faces by plasterboard 10, 12.5, and 15 mm cardboard. Thick (1). It also shows the arrangement of the Ecorkterm composition applied in interlining (4), on the 8 mm gypsum board.
  • Figure N ? 2 corresponds to a cross-sectional view of a wall, composed entirely of the composition of Ecorkterm (3), which is reinforced by an acma mesh in the center (2), and waterproofed by a perimeter polymer (1) in order to protect it from moisture.
  • the dry composition of the invention is composed of the following elements and their percentages:
  • This element is necessary to grant a margin of operability when applying the product in a range of 1 ⁇ 2 hour to 1 hour.
  • the water-repellent component entails avoiding the capillarity and dampening of the product applied as insulation or panel mentioned above.
  • Process for manufacturing the insulating composition of claim 1, includes the steps of: - place cork in grain of 1 to 3 mm. in grain, in 22% of the total mixture (by weight) as described in a cement mixer
  • wet mixture on the partitions with a bare face of these, so that it can be projected manually or with a machine (11.36 kg output compressor. thrust per outlet).
  • Procedure to manufacture a panel reinforced with metal mesh type acma Includes a mixture of ecorkterm, reinforced with acma mesh type c-92): composed of a 2-handed polymer film (1), an acma type c-92 mesh with separate enclosure frames every 15 cms (striated lock 4 mm) (2), the ecorkterm product (3) placed hydrated, in a mold at a pressure of about 30 to 40 kg. per square meter, and then set within a period of 48 hours, and be part of a house on roof (5) or sky.
  • This composition can also be used to produce furniture, such as shelves, lounge chairs, tables, and all kinds of sculptural volumes, with a fireproof feature certified by Idiem (see attached certificate attached), as well as acoustic insulation (see attached certificate attached ), and a thermal coefficient of 0.092-7 W / mk.-

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a composition based on granulated cork, to be applied as a coating or insulation and used for the structure of walls of buildings and housing in general. The invention also relates to the method for producing said composition. According to the method for producing the insulating composition, cork grains of between 1 and 3 mm, amounting to 22% of the total of the mixture (in weight), are placed in a cement mixer, and gypsum (70%) is added, followed by calcium carbonate (1%), powder retardant (4.5%), a water-repellent constituent (1%) and an adhesive constituent (1.5%), the latter constituents having an impalpable particle-size distribution. The mixture is stirred for at least 7 minutes, the dry mixture is obtained, and then 17% water is added. Said mixture corresponds to insulating material inside partitions and/or for attics. In order to construct panels reinforced with ACMA mesh, 22% water should be added (to the weight of the dry mixture), and the dose of gypsum doubled.

Description

COMPOSICION EN BASE A CORCHO GRANULADO, APLICADO COMO AISLACION TERMICA, ACUSTICA, BARRERA CONTRA EL FUEGO, EN TABIQUES, ENTRETECHO  COMPOSITION BASED ON GRANULATED CORK, APPLIED AS THERMAL, ACOUSTIC INSULATION, BARRIER AGAINST FIRE, IN TABIQUES, ENTERTAINMENT
Y CONSTRUCCION DE MUROS La invención se refiere a una composición en base a corcho para ser aplicada como revestimiento, aislamiento y conformación de paredes de edificios en general y viviendas en particular, y el procedimiento de obtención de dicha composición. La composición la integran los siguientes elementos, en los porcentajes (según peso total de la fórmula), descritos a continuación:  AND CONSTRUCTION OF WALLS The invention relates to a cork-based composition to be applied as coating, insulation and forming walls of buildings in general and homes in particular, and the method of obtaining said composition. The composition is made up of the following elements, in percentages (according to the total weight of the formula), described below:
Se emplea un 40% de corcho grano, siendo éste el elemento, que a pesar que el porcentaje en peso del elemento es menor que el del yeso, ocupa un 80% del volumen en la composición. Luego se le adiciona un 52% de yeso (calcinado de fabricación chilena no inferior a 175 Cs), el cual dará las propiedades gigantes en la mayoría de la composición. Luego un polvo retardante que equivale a un 4.5% del peso total de la fórmula, de modo de hacer manejable en un tiempo de 25 minutos, la composición al ser aplicada, húmeda. Luego 1.5% de adherente, además de un 1% de carbonato de calcio que le otorgará dureza, y finalmente un 1% de componente hidrófugo, de modo de lograr, con este último, una impermeabilización. 40% of cork grain is used, this being the element, which although the percentage in weight of the element is less than that of the plaster, occupies 80% of the volume in the composition. Then 52% plaster is added (Chilean-made calcined not less than 175 C s ), which will give the giant properties in most of the composition. Then a retarding powder that is equivalent to 4.5% of the total weight of the formula, so as to make the composition being applied, wet, manageable in a time of 25 minutes. Then 1.5% adherent, in addition to 1% calcium carbonate that will give it hardness, and finally a 1% water-repellent component, so as to achieve, with the latter, waterproofing.
Esta composición, una vez agregada agua, podrá ser aplicada para revestir muros, aislar los interiores de los tabiques, y como para construir muros a partir de bloques de una dimensión aproximada de 1.00 metro de ancho por 2.40 metros de alto, incorporándoles una malla tipo acma (electrosoldada), en su interior, tal como se muestra en la figura n9 2 de esta memoria. - This composition, once added water, can be applied to cover walls, insulate the interiors of the partitions, and to build walls from blocks of an approximate dimension of 1.00 meters wide by 2.40 meters high, incorporating a mesh type acma (electrowelded), inside, as shown in Figure 9 of this report. -
Se muestran a continuación algunos ejemplos de aislantes que se encuentran en el mercado, los cuales nos ofrecen composiciones dañinas para el medio ambiente. En el estado de la técnica existen múltiples composiciones aislantes utilizadas en las diversas faenas de construcción, de locales habitados, tanto públicos como privados, que cumplen con la normativa exigida por la Ordenanza General de Urbanismo y Construcciones, en lo concerniente a sus capacidades de aislamiento térmico, acústico y barrera contra fuego; sin embargo dichas composiciones aislantes, en sus procesos de producción generan una cantidad considerable de emisiones de carbono a la atmósfera, como a su vez, las obras al ser demolidas generan residuos y concentraciones altamente contaminantes para el terreno donde son depositados sus escombros.- Below are some examples of insulators that are on the market, which offer us compositions that are harmful to the environment. In the state of the art there are multiple insulating compositions used in the various construction sites, of inhabited premises, both public and private, that comply with the regulations required by the General Ordinance of Urban Planning and Construction, regarding their insulation capabilities thermal, acoustic and fire barrier; However, these insulating compositions, in their production processes generate a considerable amount of carbon emissions into the atmosphere, as well as the Works being demolished generate highly polluting waste and concentrations for the land where their debris is deposited.
Por ejemplo, el poliestireno expandido emite, en su fabricación, una gran cantidad de de clorofluorocarbonos, alimentando el efecto invernadero. A su vez, no es un material biodegradable. Según un reporte de 1986 de la EPA (siglas en inglés de "Agencia de Protección al Medioambiente", organismo del gobierno norteamericano) el poliestireno se clasificaba como el quinto producto químico cuya producción generaba más desechos peligrosos. Actualmente existe un reporte de dicha agencia sobre el poliestireno disponible en línea. For example, expanded polystyrene emits, in its manufacture, a large amount of chlorofluorocarbons, fueling the greenhouse effect. In turn, it is not a biodegradable material. According to a 1986 report by the EPA (acronym for "Environmental Protection Agency", an agency of the US government) polystyrene was classified as the fifth chemical whose production generated more hazardous waste. There is currently a report by the agency on polystyrene available online.
Para el caso de la lana mineral (o de roca), cuyo componente es el basalto, como a su vez la lana de vidrio (silicatos), por sobre el 95% de sus componentes, no es renovable y las empresas productoras, deben invertir en reciclaje y filtrado de grande emisiones de C02 a la atmósfera.- In the case of mineral wool (or rock), whose component is basalt, as in turn glass wool (silicates), over 95% of its components, is not renewable and producing companies must invest in recycling and filtering of large emissions of C02 into the atmosphere.-
Con objeto de evitar tales resultados contaminantes, tanto en su régimen de producción, como en su depósito de residuo final, post demolición, es que la invención divulga una composición aislante que responde, tanto frente a la exigencia de la normativa de la O.G.U.C. como la reducción a cero, de estos contaminantes; en cuya composición incluye una mezcla de corcho en grano con áridos calcinados , que puede ser utilizado como aislante en la construcción de edificaciones, presentando ventajas importantes con lo conocido en el estado de la técnica, como no dejar residuos sucios o agresivos al medio, a su vez, ocupa un 80% de materiales renovables (corcho), siendo un producto ecológico, tanto en su fabricación como en su residuo final luego de las demoliciones de obras que lo contengan, siendo un producto amigable con el medioambiente. Es importante mencionar la elevada capacidad como aislante acústico (reduciendo 45 dB para un grosor no superior a 50 mm, según un informe detallado por el laboratorio Idiem de la Universidad de Chile), completando con esto último, las tres características necesarias para clasificar a esta invención como aislante en cuanto a barrera contra fuego (f-120), aislante acústico y aislante térmico (se adjuntan, como anexo, las tablas y ensayos correspondientes, realizados en el laboratorio Idiem de la Universidad de Chile).- Con motivo de reforzar las condiciones no contaminantes de la composición, es que describo a continuación el proceso de extracción de la materia prima que componen el mayor volumen, de la fórmula (yeso y corcho), de modo de fundamentar el origen natural de ésta, ya que no existen tablas que muestren contaminación de algún tipo: In order to avoid such polluting results, both in its production regime, and in its final waste deposit, post demolition, it is that the invention discloses an insulating composition that responds, both to the requirement of the OGUC regulations and the zeroing of these pollutants; in whose composition it includes a mixture of cork in grain with calcined aggregates, which can be used as an insulator in the construction of buildings, presenting important advantages with what is known in the state of the art, such as not leaving dirty or aggressive residues in the environment, to in turn, it occupies 80% of renewable materials (cork), being an ecological product, both in its manufacture and in its final waste after the demolition of works that contain it, being an environmentally friendly product. It is important to mention the high capacity as an acoustic insulator (reducing 45 dB for a thickness not exceeding 50 mm, according to a detailed report by the Idiem laboratory of the University of Chile), completing with the latter, the three characteristics necessary to classify this invention as an insulator in terms of fire barrier (f-120), acoustic insulator and thermal insulator (attached, as an annex, the corresponding tables and tests, carried out in the Idiem laboratory of the University of Chile) .- In order to reinforce the non-polluting conditions of the composition, it is that I describe below the process of extracting the raw material that make up the largest volume, of the formula (plaster and cork), in order to base its natural origin, since there are no tables showing contamination of some kind:
- Los áridos calcinados, en este caso el yeso, es extraído de su fuente natural en forma de calcita, y sometido a calcinación, a una temperatura de 175 por un período de tiempo de 50 minutos, siendo esta instancia la única, en la cual se produce emisión de carbono en baja cantidad, comparativamente a los demás elementos del mercado. Adicionalmente, como dato importante en cuanto a la ventaja de utilizar yeso en su composición, podríamos señalar que el fosfato de calcio (o yeso químico) que puede ser utilizado en la composición presente, y es utilizado en la construcción, se obtiene del proceso de desulfuración en centrales eléctricas térmicas que utilizan carbón. A continuación, señalo el ejemplo de la central térmica de los Barrios, Cádiz, España: "El sistema de desulfuración reside en inyectar agua con cal a los gases provenientes de la caldera, que utiliza como combustible carbón mineral, obteniendo en ese proceso fosfato cálcico, también denominado yeso químico, que se utiliza en la construcción. Con este método, se reducen notablemente las emisiones de S02. Aplicando una reducción media del 50 por ciento, los valores de emisión actuales de la central, 1.400 miligramos por normal metro cúbico (Nm3), quedarán reducidos a 700 miligramos. No obstante, la planta puede alcanzar una capacidad de desulfuración de hasta el 89 %. - The calcined aggregates, in this case the plaster, is extracted from its natural source in the form of calcite, and subjected to calcination, at a temperature of 175 for a period of 50 minutes, this being the only one, in which Carbon emission occurs in low quantity, compared to the other market elements. Additionally, as an important fact regarding the advantage of using gypsum in its composition, we could point out that the calcium phosphate (or chemical gypsum) that can be used in the present composition, and is used in construction, is obtained from the process of desulfurization in thermal power plants that use coal. Next, I indicate the example of the thermal power plant of Los Barrios, Cádiz, Spain: "The desulfurization system is to inject water with lime into the gases coming from the boiler, which uses mineral coal as fuel, obtaining in that process calcium phosphate, also called chemical plaster, which is used in construction. With this method, significantly reduce S02 emissions.Applying an average reduction of 50 percent, the current emission values of the plant, 1,400 milligrams per normal cubic meter (Nm3), will be reduced to 700 milligrams. However, the plant can reach a capacity desulfurization of up to 89%.
Desde su puesta en marcha, las emisiones de la Central Térmica Los Barrios están con holgura dentro de los límites del Plan Nacional de Residuos Especiales y la legislación vigente en España. Since its launch, the emissions of the Los Barrios Thermal Power Plant are comfortably within the limits of the National Plan for Special Waste and the legislation in force in Spain.
Por otra parte, como se ha mencionado, esta planta tiene doble beneficio, ya que a la vez que reduce las emisiones de S02, produce yeso que se emplea habitualmente en la construcción. La producción anual de yeso químico, o fosfato cálcico, es de unas 60.000 toneladas. La cal es transportada desde la Central Térmica Los Barrios en camiones, pero en bloques, evitando así la difusión de polvo durante su traslado. Una vez en la factoría esos enormes trozos serán pulverizados en unos molinos. On the other hand, as mentioned, this plant has a double benefit, since at the same time it reduces S02 emissions, it produces gypsum that is commonly used in construction. The annual production of chemical plaster, or calcium phosphate, is about 60,000 tons. Lime is transported from Los Barrios Thermal Power Station by truck, but in blocks, thus preventing the diffusion of dust during its transfer. Once in the factory these huge pieces will be pulverized in some mills.
El proyecto fue desarrollado por la multinacional AIstom y la española Initec (2006)". Para mayor información, revisar el sitio, The project was developed by the multinational AIstom and the Spanish Initec (2006). "For more information, check the site,
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central t%C3%A9rmica de Los Barrios http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central t% C3% A9rmica de Los Barrios
- Para el proceso de elaboración de la materia prima más importante de la mezcla, el corcho, podemos decir que la extracción del corcho del alcornoque (árbol del corcho), es lo que se denomina "saca del corcho". Esta saca se hace sobre todo durante el mes de julio, que es el mes en el que el corcho puede ser separado del árbol sin dañarlo. En esta época los trabajadores denominados "corcheros" o "peladores" extraen la corteza del alcornoque cortando con un hacha y uniendo las grietas verticales del corcho . Así retiran lo que se denomina planchas de corcho, denominándose también "la pela del alcornoque". El corcho se puede extraer por primera vez cuando el árbol tiene aproximadamente 25 años, pero este dato depende mucho de la calidad de estación, ya que el parámetro a medir es cuando el árbol tenga una Circunferencia Altura de Pecho (CAP) > 60cm sobre corcho. Este primer corcho se denomina bornizo, patrón o corcho de belenes, sólo válido para la elaboración de elementos decorativos y aislamientos termoacústicos, dada la dificultad de separar la fina corteza leñosa externa, de color grisáceo, del corcho, por lo que no se puede utilizar para aglomerados para uso alimentario (tapones), dado que no sería 100% corcho. Tras esta primera "saca" se puede extraer corcho cada 9 años, dependiendo de la calidad de estación. En el proceso de elaboración de tapones de corcho, quedan residuos de menor calidad (restos de los sacabocados cilindricos), como a su vez, la demás corteza de corcho del alcornoque, el cual no tuvo una elaboración de hervido y curado del corcho durante un año, al igual que la que se utilizó para fabricar tapones, resultando ser trituradas, ambas mezclas, para formar el grano de corcho usado en la composición prescrita. Por lo descrito aquí, la producción del grano de corcho, se caracteriza por ser un proceso artesanal hecho a mano, sin emisiones de carbono y sin dañar el árbol alcornoque (producto renovable) el cual auto regenera su corteza (corcho) la cual es reutilizada.- Es importante señalar el empleo del producto en la obra, ya que también, es limpio y libre de contaminantes. La instalación en obra del producto Ecorkterm, se realiza de la siguiente forma: la mezcla ya preparada en bolsas, se le agrega agua en un porcentaje de un 17 % a un 25% del peso, dependiendo de la calidad destreza en el trabajo del instalador. Luego se coloca la mezcla húmeda en la cavidad a rellenar o cuerpo a conformar (ver el señalado en la reivindicación nQ 3). Se espera unas 48 hrs. Para su fraguado definitivo (o 25 minutos al tacto). - For the process of elaboration of the most important raw material of the mixture, the cork, we can say that the extraction of the cork from the cork oak (cork tree), is what is called "take out of the cork". This sac is made mostly during the month of July, which is the month in which the cork can be separated from the tree without damaging it. At this time workers called "corcheros" or "peelers" extract the bark of the cork oak by cutting with an ax and joining the vertical cracks of the cork. So they remove what is called cork sheets, also called "the peel of the cork oak". The cork can be extracted for the first time when the tree is approximately 25 years old, but this data depends much of the quality of the station, since the parameter to be measured is when the tree has a Chest Height Circumference (CAP)> 60cm on cork. This first cork is called bornizo, pattern or cork of nativity scenes, only valid for the elaboration of decorative elements and thermoacoustic insulations, given the difficulty of separating the fine external woody crust, of grayish color, from the cork, so it cannot be used for agglomerates for food use (caps), since it would not be 100% cork. After this first "take out" cork can be extracted every 9 years, depending on the quality of the season. In the process of making cork stoppers, lower quality residues (remains of the cylindrical punch) remain, as well as the other cork bark of the cork oak, which did not have a cork boiling and curing process during a year, like the one used to make stoppers, resulting in crushing, both mixtures, to form the cork grain used in the prescribed composition. As described here, the production of cork grain is characterized by being a handmade handmade process, without carbon emissions and without damaging the cork tree (renewable product) which auto regenerates its bark (cork) which is reused.- It is important to point out the use of the product in the work, since it is also clean and free of contaminants . The installation on site of the Ecorkterm product, is carried out as follows: the mixture already prepared in bags, water is added in a percentage of 17% to 25% of the weight, depending on the quality skill in the work of the installer . Then the wet mixture is placed in the cavity to be filled or body to be shaped (see the one indicated in claim n Q 3). It is expected about 48 hrs. For its definitive setting (or 25 minutes to the touch).
Con esta descripción, se muestra que el procedimiento es limpio y libre de contaminantes, ya que sólo ocupa agua.- With this description, it is shown that the procedure is clean and free of contaminants, since it only occupies water.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS DE ESTA MEMORIA BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES OF THIS MEMORY
Figura N2 l, corresponde a una vista de un corte transversal de un muro de tabique de vulcometal (2), el cual posee la composición de Ecorkterm en su interior (3), y se sella en sus caras interior y exterior por planchas de yeso cartón de 10, 12.5, y 15 mm. De espesor (1). También se muestra la disposición de la composición de Ecorkterm aplicada en entretecho (4), sobre las planchas de yesocartón de 8 mm.- Figure N2 l, corresponds to a cross-sectional view of a vulcometal partition wall (2), which has the composition of Ecorkterm inside (3), and is sealed on its inner and outer faces by plasterboard 10, 12.5, and 15 mm cardboard. Thick (1). It also shows the arrangement of the Ecorkterm composition applied in interlining (4), on the 8 mm gypsum board.
Figura N?2, , corresponde a una vista de un corte transversal de un muro, compuesto en su totalidad por la composición de Ecorkterm (3), la cual está reforzada por una malla tipo acma en el centro (2), e impermeabilizado por un polímero perimetral (1) de modo de protegerlo de la humedad.- Figure N ? 2, corresponds to a cross-sectional view of a wall, composed entirely of the composition of Ecorkterm (3), which is reinforced by an acma mesh in the center (2), and waterproofed by a perimeter polymer (1) in order to protect it from moisture.-
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La composición seca de la invención está compuesta por los siguientes elementos y sus porcentajes: The dry composition of the invention is composed of the following elements and their percentages:
- 22% de corcho en grano, el cual es reciclado de el proceso de elaboración del corcho de botella, además de ser un producto altamente renovable.- - 22% of cork in grain, which is recycled from the process of making bottle cork, in addition to being a highly renewable product.
- 70% de yeso calcinado a 200 C9. También admite yeso en un proceso de calcinación de 175 C5.- - 70% calcined plaster at 200 C 9 . It also admits plaster in a calcination process of 175 C 5 .-
4.5% de retardante. Este elemento es necesario para otorgar un margen de operatividad al aplicar el producto en un rango de ½ hora a 1 hora.- 4.5% retardant. This element is necessary to grant a margin of operability when applying the product in a range of ½ hour to 1 hour.
1.5% de adherente. Es necesario para otorgar mayor agarre de la composición en diversas superficies.- 1.5% adherent. It is necessary to provide greater grip of the composition on various surfaces.
1% de carbonato de calcio. Le otorgaría dureza en el caso de armar los paneles reforzados con malla acma, con esta composición. - 1% calcium carbonate. It would give it hardness in the case of assembling reinforced panels with acma mesh, with this composition. -
1% de componente hidrófugo. Debido a la característica higroscópica del yeso, el componente hidrófugo conlleva evitar la capilaridad y humedecimiento del producto aplicado como aislamiento o panel antes mencionado.- 1% water repellent component. Due to the hygroscopic characteristic of the plaster, the water-repellent component entails avoiding the capillarity and dampening of the product applied as insulation or panel mentioned above.
Procedimiento para fabricar la composición aislante de la reivindicación N° 1, incluye los pasos de: - colocar corcho en grano de 1 a 3 mm. en grano, en en 22% del total de la mezcla (en peso) a lo descrito dentro de una mezcladora de cemento Process for manufacturing the insulating composition of claim 1, includes the steps of: - place cork in grain of 1 to 3 mm. in grain, in 22% of the total mixture (by weight) as described in a cement mixer
- agregar el yeso (70%), seguido del carbonato de calcio (1%), retardante en polvo (4.5%), componente hidrófugo (1%) y adherente (1.5%), ambos últimos componentes en granulometrías impalpables  - add the plaster (70%), followed by calcium carbonate (1%), powder retardant (4.5%), water repellent component (1%) and adherent (1.5%), both last components in impalpable granulometries
revolver durante 7 minutos al menos, con el ángulo de inclinación que trae la mezcladora de cemento (aprox. 45 grados)  stir for at least 7 minutes, with the angle of inclination that the cement mixer brings (approx. 45 degrees)
realizar la mezcla en seco  dry mix
formar la capa aislante en el interior de tabiques o entretechos (u otras cavidades que requieran de este aislante), para lo cual agregar entre un 10 y no superar un 17% de agua del peso de la mezcla. Para conformar los paneles reforzados con malla acma, se deberá agregar 22% de agua (sobre el peso de la mezclas- Para aplicarlo como aislante, humedecer previamente la superficie que recibirá el producto, ya que esto aumentará la adherencia durante el fraguado final  form the insulating layer inside partitions or entretechos (or other cavities that require this insulator), for which add between 10 and not exceed 17% of water of the weight of the mixture. To form the panels reinforced with acma mesh, 22% of water must be added (on the weight of the mixtures- To apply it as an insulator, previously moisten the surface that the product will receive, since this will increase the adhesion during the final setting
disponer la mezcla húmeda sobre los tabiques con una cara descubierta de estos, de modo de poder proyectarlo manualmente o con máquina (compresor de salida de 11,36 kgs. de empuje por salida).  arrange the wet mixture on the partitions with a bare face of these, so that it can be projected manually or with a machine (11.36 kg output compressor. thrust per outlet).
Procedimiento para fabricar un panel reforzado con malla metálica tipo acma: Incluye una mezcla de ecorkterm, reforzado con malla acma del tipo c-92): compuesto por una película de polímero a 2 manos (1), una malla tipo acma c-92 con cuadros de enfierradura separados cada 15 cms (encerradura estriada de 4 mm)(2), el producto ecorkterm (3) colocado hidratado, en un molde a una presión de unos 30 a 40 kg. por metro cuadrado, para luego fraguar dentro de un período de 48 horas, y ser parte de una vivienda en techumbre (5) o cielo. Procedure to manufacture a panel reinforced with metal mesh type acma: Includes a mixture of ecorkterm, reinforced with acma mesh type c-92): composed of a 2-handed polymer film (1), an acma type c-92 mesh with separate enclosure frames every 15 cms (striated lock 4 mm) (2), the ecorkterm product (3) placed hydrated, in a mold at a pressure of about 30 to 40 kg. per square meter, and then set within a period of 48 hours, and be part of a house on roof (5) or sky.
Esta composición también puede ser usada para producir muebles, como repisas, sillones para living, mesas, y todo tipo de volúmenes esculturales, contando con una característica ignífuga certificada por Idiem (ver certificado anexo adjunto), como también aislación acústica (ver certificado anexo adjunto), y un coeficiente térmico de 0,092-7 W/mk.- This composition can also be used to produce furniture, such as shelves, lounge chairs, tables, and all kinds of sculptural volumes, with a fireproof feature certified by Idiem (see attached certificate attached), as well as acoustic insulation (see attached certificate attached ), and a thermal coefficient of 0.092-7 W / mk.-

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. - Composición aislante seca, para ser aplicada, una vez que se le agrega agua, en el interior de tabiques, entretechos, fachadas, y para dar forma a paneles reforzados con malla tipo acma usando esta composición, evitando así la 1. - Dry insulating composition, to be applied, once water is added, inside partitions, interlining, facades, and to shape reinforced panels with acma mesh using this composition, thus avoiding the
contaminación ambiental CARACTERIZADA porque contiene: environmental pollution CHARACTERIZED because it contains:
- 22% de corcho en grano - 22% cork in grain
- 70% de yeso calcinado a 200 C5 - 70% calcined plaster at 200 C 5
- 4.5% de retardante - 4.5% retardant
- 1.5% de adherente - 1.5% adherent
- 1% de carbonato de calcio - 1% calcium carbonate
- 1% de componente hidrófugo - 1% water repellent component
2. - Procedimiento para fabricar la composición aislante de la reivindicación N° 1 CARACTERIZADA porque incluye los pasos de: 2. - Procedure for manufacturing the insulating composition of claim 1 CHARACTERIZED because it includes the steps of:
- colocar corcho en grano de 1 a 3 mm. en grano, en 22% del total de la mezcla (en peso) a lo descrito dentro de una mezcladora de cemento  - place cork in grain of 1 to 3 mm. in grain, in 22% of the total mixture (by weight) as described in a cement mixer
- agregar el yeso (70%), seguido del carbonato de calcio (1%), retardante en polvo (4.5%), componente hidrófugo (1%) y adherente (1.5%), ambos últimos componentes en granulometrías impalpables  - add the plaster (70%), followed by calcium carbonate (1%), powder retardant (4.5%), water repellent component (1%) and adherent (1.5%), both last components in impalpable granulometries
- revolver durante 7 minutos al menos, con el ángulo de inclinación que trae la mezcladora de cemento (aprox. 45 grados) - realizar la mezcla en seco - stir for at least 7 minutes, with the angle of inclination that the cement mixer brings (approx. 45 degrees) - dry mix
- formar la capa aislante en el interior de tabiques o entretechos (u otras cavidades que requieran de este aislante), para lo cual agregar entre un 10 y no superar un 17% de agua del peso de la mezcla. Para conformar los paneles reforzados con malla acma, se deberá agregar 22% de agua (sobre el peso de la mezcla).- - form the insulating layer inside partitions or inter-roofs (or other cavities that require this insulator), for which add between 10 and not exceed 17% of water of the weight of the mixture. To form the panels reinforced with acma mesh, 22% of water must be added (on the weight of the mixture).
- Para aplicarlo como aislante, humedecer previamente la superficie que recibirá el producto, ya que esto aumentará la adherencia durante el fraguado final- To apply it as an insulator, previously moisten the surface that the product will receive, as this will increase the adhesion during the final setting.
- disponer la mezcla húmeda sobre los tabiques con una cara descubierta de estos, de modo de poder proyectarlo manualmente o con máquina (compresor de salida de 11,36 kgs. de empuje por salida). - arrange the wet mixture on the partitions with a bare face of these, so that it can be projected manually or with a machine (11.36 kg output compressor. thrust per outlet).
3.- Panel reforzado con malla metálica tipo acma, con la composición de la reivindicación nl.- 3.- Reinforced panel with metal mesh type acma, with the composition of claim nl.-
Caracterizado porque incluye una mezcla de ecorkterm, reforzado con malla acma del tipo c-92): compuesto por una película de polímero a 2 manos (1), una malla tipo acma c-92 con cuadros de enfierradura separados cada 15 cms (enfierradura estriada de 4 mm)(2), el producto ecorkterm (3) colocado hidratado, en un molde a una presión de unos 30 a 40 kg. por metro cuadrado, para luego fraguar dentro de un período de 48 horas, y ser parte de una vivienda en techumbre (5) o cielo. Characterized because it includes a mixture of ecorkterm, reinforced with acma mesh type c-92): composed of a 2-handed polymer film (1), an acma type c-92 mesh with separate enclosure frames every 15 cms (grooved groove 4 mm) (2), the ecorkterm product (3) placed hydrated, in a mold at a pressure of about 30 to 40 kg. per square meter, and then set within a period of 48 hours, and be part of a house on roof (5) or sky.
PCT/CL2012/000010 2011-03-03 2012-03-02 Composition based on granulated cork, applied as thermal insulation, acoustic insulation, and as a fireproof barrier, in partitions, attics and the construction of walls WO2012116461A1 (en)

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CL471-2011 2011-03-03
CL2011000471 2011-03-03

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES176529A1 (en) * 1947-01-25 1948-05-01 Goodall Malthouse Ernest A PROCEDURE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF CORK COVERINGS, PARTICULARLY FOR FLOORS AND WALLS
FR2291167A1 (en) * 1973-12-04 1976-06-11 Home Alexandre Coated cork granulate for thermal and sound insulation - used to make light components for building construction
CA2383294A1 (en) * 2002-05-09 2003-11-09 Laboratoire Acoustique Architecturale 3D Inc. Thermal-acoustic panel
CN201236411Y (en) * 2008-08-05 2009-05-13 升逸豪纸业新材料(上海)有限公司 Building wall plate
ES2372145A1 (en) * 2009-09-21 2012-01-16 Thertim, S.L. Method for building modular walls and partitions resistant to fire and noise

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES176529A1 (en) * 1947-01-25 1948-05-01 Goodall Malthouse Ernest A PROCEDURE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF CORK COVERINGS, PARTICULARLY FOR FLOORS AND WALLS
FR2291167A1 (en) * 1973-12-04 1976-06-11 Home Alexandre Coated cork granulate for thermal and sound insulation - used to make light components for building construction
CA2383294A1 (en) * 2002-05-09 2003-11-09 Laboratoire Acoustique Architecturale 3D Inc. Thermal-acoustic panel
CN201236411Y (en) * 2008-08-05 2009-05-13 升逸豪纸业新材料(上海)有限公司 Building wall plate
ES2372145A1 (en) * 2009-09-21 2012-01-16 Thertim, S.L. Method for building modular walls and partitions resistant to fire and noise

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DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; AN 2009-J41096 *

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