WO2012107611A1 - Modular system for automatic unloading of bulk goods transported in ship holds - Google Patents

Modular system for automatic unloading of bulk goods transported in ship holds Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012107611A1
WO2012107611A1 PCT/ES2011/070862 ES2011070862W WO2012107611A1 WO 2012107611 A1 WO2012107611 A1 WO 2012107611A1 ES 2011070862 W ES2011070862 W ES 2011070862W WO 2012107611 A1 WO2012107611 A1 WO 2012107611A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
merchandise
lifting wheel
conveyor
linear
unloading
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2011/070862
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Sergio OLMOS GUIO
Héctor CIFUENTES RUBIO
Original Assignee
Olmos Guio Sergio
Cifuentes Rubio Hector
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Olmos Guio Sergio, Cifuentes Rubio Hector filed Critical Olmos Guio Sergio
Publication of WO2012107611A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012107611A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/22—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of conveyers, e.g. of endless-belt or screw-type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G67/00—Loading or unloading vehicles
    • B65G67/60—Loading or unloading ships
    • B65G67/606—Loading or unloading ships using devices specially adapted for bulk material

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the naval sector, to the technical field of vessels, specifically to cargo ships, and more specifically to cargo ships in bulk.
  • the invention relates to the systems and machinery for self-unloading of the goods transported in the port or on any other type of structure, and specifically to the modular systems included in the warehouses of the ships themselves, which eliminate costs of use of port machinery and can use any port, even those with small infrastructures. In addition, these systems try to minimize the download time to reduce costs per port stay.
  • Another unloading system is formed by ribbons parallel to the rust that transport the merchandise to the rear or front of the boat where the height between the bottom of the cellars is saved to the deck by a system of belts. There, a mobile arm performs the download with the help of another tape. Maximum discharge speeds of 10,000 t / h are reached through this system, and can be used for cement and bulk carriers.
  • the disadvantage of this system is that because the space at the rear is needed to save height, the system is unique to all wineries, so you cannot download several wineries at the same time, which increases Download time
  • Another disadvantage of these systems is that since they are not independent of the warehouses, it prevents the transport of different types of bulk material, so that they can only deal with one type on each trip.
  • Document FR2516888 shows a system with a wheel that is loaded and unloaded radially, and instead of being loaded from the outside it is loaded from inside it.
  • the wheel is formed by drawers, and is loaded in its lower part from a belt that throws the merchandise to the top of these drawers, which is open. At the top of the wheel, the box goes face down and the merchandise falls by gravity.
  • a static belt prevents the merchandise from falling when the wheel is turned in its upward motion.
  • the wheel must further increase its height, since the drawers are loaded by their upper point, so if it is desired to increase their capacity, the wheel height must be increased, the which can have dimensions of more than 20 meters in diameter, which makes its manufacture, assembly and operation very complicated.
  • only one can be placed in the entire length of the vessel '; and it is usually done next to the camera of machines in order to be able to operate it, which again prevents unloading several warehouses at the same time and storing different types of bulk materials in them.
  • the present invention solves the problems existing in the state of the art by means of a modular system of self-unloading to the port of bulk merchandise transported in ship holds.
  • the system consists of a self-unloading module for each of the warehouses to be unloaded from the vessel. This feature allows you to download all the warehouses at the same time, which offers advantages over state-of-the-art systems. In the first place, the ship's unloading time is reduced, as it is possible to unload several wineries at the same time, and not have to have a single system for all wineries as in the existing systems so far. In addition, since there is a module for each of the warehouses, different types of bulk materials can be transported on the ship without any risk to be mixed in the unloading: Another advantage that It provides this modulus to allow the system to be installed on already built ships, without having to install it during the construction of the ship.
  • Each of the modules of the system is formed by at least one continuous linear conveyor of the merchandise from the warehouse to at least one lifting wheel with a horizontal axis of rotation and parallel to the plane of the ship's crust, in which turn it elevates the merchandise from the linear conveyor, up to at least the ship's freeboard line.
  • Each module is completed with a linear output conveyor, which transports the goods from the lifting wheel to the port. Therefore, the bulk merchandise leaves laterally by the ship, there is an exit for each of the existing warehouses. That is, if the ship has five warehouses, the merchandise will leave laterally by five points.
  • the continuous linear conveyor can form with the front face of the lifting wheel any angle between 0 or 180 °, and the loading of the lifting wheel is carried out frontally, while the linear output conveyor can form with the front face of the lifting wheel any angle also between 0 or 180 °.
  • the linear conveyor is perpendicular to the front face of the lifting wheel, the loading of said lifting wheel being carried out axially, which minimizes the space needed in the vessel for the arrangement of the wheel, since the diameter of This, in addition to optimizing the load of the wheel, due to the configuration of its housings on the wheel, as will be seen later.
  • the linear output conveyor is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the lifting wheel, which makes it possible to reduce the transport from the wheel to the unloading line, being able to unload directly to the port or on other structures in a single line perpendicular to the axis of rotation, to the ship, and to the same discharge line. In existing systems, based on lifting wheels, until now the exit belt had to be placed parallel to the axis of rotation of the wheel, which forced a change of direction to be able to take the goods to the unloading line.
  • the linear conveyor of transverse exit to the wheel can be placed without the help of a second belt to provide the change of direction, it is not necessary to raise the merchandise to the deck, but it can be climbed a few meters above the line off-board, but below deck, and remove it to port or other type of structure, through openings or caesarean sections in the hull of the ship, which allows to reduce the diameter of the lifting wheel even further.
  • the lifting wheel is formed by radially arranged load cells therein, which have an opening arranged on the front face of the lifting wheel. Additionally, the rear face of said wheel is closed.
  • the faces of the cells closest to the axis of rotation are inclined axially, so that in the lower area, where the lifting wheel is loaded, said faces are inclined towards the inside of said lifting wheel, allowing frontal loading , depositing the merchandise inside the cell of the lifting wheel by gravity, being held by the rear face of the latter.
  • the faces closest to the axis of rotation of the load cells are inclined towards the outside of the latter, sliding the merchandise outwards by gravity, the discharge being carried out frontally on the linear output conveyor, without the need for any additional mechanism. That is, the inclination of the faces closest to the axis of rotation that allows its loading in the lower zone also allows its discharge in the upper zone.
  • the system has a fixed front cover disposed on the front face of the lifting wheel, which prevents the exit of the goods through the openings of the load cells in the front face in the ascent of these due to the rotation of the wheel.
  • This front cover has a lower opening that allows the goods to enter from the linear conveyor to the load cells of the lifting wheel, and an upper opening that allows the goods to exit from the load cells of the lifting wheel to the conveyor. linear output.
  • This front cover has the advantage over the belts existing in the state of the art of not having to withstand all the pressure of the merchandise in the rotation of the wheel, since this pressure is directed towards the inside of the wheel, which is the rear part due to its geometry and in this case the cover is frontal.
  • the system may have rolling means arranged between them.
  • the modular self-unloading system object of the present invention has in each of the modules an additional linear conveyor and identical to the initial linear conveyor, and parallel to it, which transports the goods from the warehouse to an additional lifting wheel identical to the lifting wheel initial, which has an axis of rotation parallel to the axis of rotation of that. That is, preferably, each of the modules has two parallel linear conveyors that transport the goods from the warehouse to two lifting wheels. This is possible since it has been possible to substantially reduce the diameter of the lifting wheel, and the available space of the warehouses can comfortably accommodate two of them.
  • the additional linear conveyor and the lifting wheel are arranged symmetrically of the initial linear conveyor and the lifting wheel, with respect to! the ship's creaking plane, and both wheels rotate in opposite directions, so that the loaded part of said wheels is next to the creaking plane, which stabilizes the ship at all times, avoiding load variations on its sides. In this way the ship unloads much more balanced than with the current systems and can even self-discharge at sea if the conditions of service so require.
  • the linear conveyors are arranged parallel to the axis of rotation of the lifting wheels, thereby carrying out the loading of these axially.
  • the linear output conveyor it can take various configurations, although it preferably crosses the warehouse from side to side and runs through the two lifting wheels, receiving the merchandise from them and transporting it.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the modular self-discharge system object of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic elevation view of! system of figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of a lifting wheel of the system object of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic perspective view of a particular embodiment in which the lift wheel has a front cover arranged.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic side view of the lifting wheel of Figure 3.
  • Figure 6 shows the view of the side wheel of Figure 5 to which the schematic representation of the linear conveyors is added.
  • Figure 7 schematically shows a perspective of a preferred embodiment of the modular self-unloading system object of the present invention, which presents two linear conveyors arriving at two lifting wheels and a single linear output conveyor.
  • Figure 8 is a side view of the embodiment of the system shown in Figure 7.
  • Figure 9 is a front elevation view of the embodiment of the system of Figures 7 and 8.
  • Figure 10 is a front perspective view of a model of an embodiment of the lift wheel and the linear output conveyor.
  • the object of the present invention is a modular system of self-unloading of goods transported in ship holds.
  • the system consists of a set of self-unloading modules, specifically one for each of the ship's holds (11).
  • Each of the modules is in turn formed by at least one continuous linear conveyor (1) of the bulk merchandise from the warehouse (11) to at least one lifting wheel (2) with horizontal and parallel axis of rotation (5) to the ship's creaking plane.
  • This wheel (2) in its turn elevates the merchandise from the linear conveyor (1) to at least! To the ship's freeboard line.
  • the module is completed with a linear output conveyor (3) that transports the goods from the lifting wheel (2) to the port.
  • An embodiment of the present module formed by a lifting wheel (2) and a linear conveyor (1), together with the linear output conveyor (3), can be seen in Figures 1 and 2.
  • the linear conveyor (1) can consist of an Archimedes screw on which the bulk merchandise is deposited, although preferably, said line conveyor! It is a conveyor belt, which moves the merchandise linearly.
  • the linear output conveyor (3) this may consist of an Archimedes screw, or auger, although preferably this is a conveyor belt.
  • the linear conveyor (1) can form any angle between 0 or 180 ° with the front face (4) of the lifting wheel (2), and the loading of said lifting wheel (2) is carried out frontally.
  • the linear conveyor (1) is perpendicular to the front face (4) of the lifting wheel (2), the loading of said lifting wheel (2) being carried out axially , which, as indicated above, allows the reduction of the diameter of the wheel (2), and optimizes its load.
  • the linear output conveyor (3) forms an angle selected between 0 or 180 ° with the front face (4) of the lifting wheel (2).
  • the linear output conveyor (3) is perpendicular to the axis of rotation (5) of the lifting wheel (2), which allows direct discharge to the port or on another type of structure in a single line perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the wheel (2), the ship and the discharge line.
  • linear output conveyor (3) transverse to the wheel (2) can be placed without the help of a second belt to provide the change of direction, it is not necessary to raise the merchandise to the deck, but it is possible to raise some meters above the freeboard line, but below the deck, and take it out to the port or any other type of structure by means of openings or caesarean sections in the hull of the ship, which allows to reduce the diameter of the lifting wheel even further ( 2).
  • FIGS 3, 5 and 6 show a preferred embodiment of a lifting wheel (2) of the self-unloading system, in which it is observed that it is formed by load cells (6) arranged radially in said lifting wheel (2 ).
  • the load cells (6) have an opening arranged on the front face (4) of the lifting wheel (2) while on the rear face (7) of said wheel (2) they are closed.
  • the load cells (6) are inclined axially. in such a way that in the lower loading area of the lifting wheel (2) they are inclined towards the inside of the latter, allowing the front load, and sliding the merchandise towards the inside of the lifting wheel (2) by gravity, being held by the back side (7).
  • the load cells (6) are inclined towards the outside of the latter, sliding the merchandise towards said outside by gravity, the discharge being carried out frontally on the linear output conveyor (3).
  • the load cells (6) are formed in the lifting wheel (2), after compartmentalizing said lifting wheel (2) with blades, such that the space between blades gives rise to said load cells (6).
  • FIGS 4 and 10 show a particular embodiment of the self-unloading system object of the present invention, which has a fixed front cover (8) arranged on the front face (4) of the lifting wheel (2) to prevent the fall of the bulk merchandise during its ascent on the lifting wheel (2) until they reach their point of unloading on the linear exit conveyor (3).
  • This front cover (8) has a lower opening (9) for the entry of the goods from the linear conveyor ⁇ 1) to the load cells (6) of the lifting wheel (2), and an upper opening (10) for the exit of the merchandise from the load cells (6) of the lifting wheel (2) to the linear output conveyor (3).
  • Friction due to the relative movement existing between the rotating lifting wheel (2) and the fixed front cover (8) can be reduced, taking into account the design of the lifting wheel (2) the number of load cells (6), the size and shape of these, which are determined by the number and shape of the blades that make them up and in what quantity they will be filled. In this way, the power required for the movement of the wheel (2) and the material losses due to said friction can be reduced.
  • a solution to eliminate friction due to the relative movement between the wheel (2) and the front cover (8) is that preferably the system has rolling means arranged between the lifting wheel (2) and the front cover (8 ), which guide the relative movement between the two eliminating friction.
  • These means basically consist of a system of rails and wheels running frontally between the lifting wheel (2) and the front cover (8).
  • Other alternative means may consist of a maze arranged between the cover (8) and the wheel (2), similar to those arranged between the rotor and stator of certain gas and steam turbines, or include small brushes between the wheel (2) and the cover (8) that reduce friction, its main function being to close without causing wear to said wheel (2) and front cover (8).
  • Another solution to reduce friction is to cover the parts of the wheel (2) and the front cover (8) that come into contact with the wheel (2) in resin and thus prevent their wear due to abrasion.
  • the bottom forms a slope (13) on both sides of this linear conveyor (1) and towards it, sliding the merchandise from the warehouse (11) by gravity to said linear conveyor (1).
  • This causes the goods to move towards the linear conveyor (1), even when the warehouse (1 1) is practically empty. This prevents part of the merchandise from accumulating at certain points due to the characteristics of the material and the geometry of the warehouse (11), and that it cannot be unloaded.
  • a roof or spoiler is arranged on the linear conveyor (1) that covers it, preventing the merchandise from being large! from the hold (11) accumulate on it and exert pressure that can block or even damage it.
  • the system in order to favor the movement of the bulk merchandise stored in the warehouse (11), the system preferably presents vibration means arranged in the structure of said warehouse that make the bulk merchandise vibrate and facilitate its access to the linear conveyor.
  • the system has balconies (12) arranged between the upper opening (10) of the front cover (8) and the linear conveyor output (3) of the merchandise, which collect this merchandise at its exit from the load cells (6) and distribute it continuously, uniformly and smoothly on the linear output conveyor (3) preventing it from falling at once or at intervals, discontinuously on said linear conveyor (3), which could lead to the inefficient exit of the merchandise and even the deterioration of the linear conveyor (3).
  • FIGs 7 and 9 show a preferred embodiment of the invention, in which each of the self-discharge modules has an additional linear conveyor (V) identical to the original and parallel linear conveyor (1), and which also carries the merchandise from the warehouse (11) to an additional lifting wheel (2 ') identical to the initial lifting wheel (2), and having an axis of rotation (5') parallel to the axis of rotation (5) of that. Therefore, in this preferred embodiment of the invention, each self-unloading module has two identical and parallel linear conveyors (1, 1 ') that transport the goods in bulk up to two lifting wheels (2.2').
  • This additional linear conveyor () and the additional lifting wheel (2 ') are symmetrically disposed of the linear conveyor (1) and the lifting wheel (2) with respect to the ship's creaking plane, turning both wheels (1, 1') in opposite directions, so that the loaded part of said wheels (1, 1 ') is always next to the creaking plane, since the wheel (2) is only loaded on one side in the direction of rise, and that part falls empty once it has downloaded.
  • the two linear conveyors (1,1 ') are arranged parallel to the axis of rotation ( 5.5 ') of the lifting wheels, so they will load them axially. All features that could include the linear conveyor (1) and the lifting wheel (2) can also be included in the additional linear conveyor () and the additional lifting wheel (2 ').
  • the linear output conveyor (3) crosses the hold (11) from side to side and travels the two lifting wheels (2,2 ') receiving the merchandise of both and transporting it to the place of unloading.
  • the linear output conveyor (3) comprises means for varying the direction of movement, in order to be able to discharge to the port towards one side of the ship, or towards the other, depending on the position of said vessel with respect to the unloading zone.
  • the system can incorporate telescopic transport means arranged under the linear output conveyor (3), which have at least one belt of additional exit, thus being able to increase the horizontal distance of the route of the merchandise from its exit from the lifting wheel (2) to its deposit in the unloading zone.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ship Loading And Unloading (AREA)

Abstract

Modular system for automatic unloading of goods transported in ship holds, with one automatic unloading module per hold (11), which has at least one linear conveyor (1) for conveying the goods from the hold (11) to at least one lifting wheel (2) with a horizontal rotating shaft (5) parallel to the midship plane of the boat, rotation of which lifts the goods from the linear conveyor (1) to at least the freeboard line of the boat. The module has a linear exit conveyor (3) that conveys the goods from the wheel (2) to the port or another structure. The linear conveyor (1) forms, together with the front face (4) of the wheel (2), an angle of between 0° and 180° and the lifting wheel (2) is loaded frontally. Furthermore, the linear exit conveyor (3) forms, together with the front face (4) of the wheel (2), an angle of between 0° and 180°.

Description

SISTEMA MODULAR DE AUTO-DESCARGA DE MERCANCÍA A GRANEL TRANSPORTADA EN BODEGAS DE BUQUES  MODULAR SYSTEM OF SELF-DISCHARGE OF GOODS IN BULK TRANSPORTED IN VESSELS OF VESSELS
CAMPO TÉCNICO DE LA INVENCIÓN TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención pertenece al sector naval, al campo técnico de las embarcaciones, concretamente a los buques de carga, y más concretamente a los buques de carga de mercancía a granel. De forma particular la invención se refiere a los sistemas y maquinaria de auto-descarga de la mercancía transportada en el puerto o sobre cualquier otro tipo de estructura, y específicamente a los sistemas modulares incluidos en las bodegas de los propios buques, que eliminan los costes de uso de maquinaria portuaria y pueden utilizar cualquier puerto, incluso los que cuentan con pequeñas infraestructuras. Además estos sistemas tratan de minimizar el tiempo de descarga para reducir los costes por estancia en puerto. The present invention belongs to the naval sector, to the technical field of vessels, specifically to cargo ships, and more specifically to cargo ships in bulk. In particular, the invention relates to the systems and machinery for self-unloading of the goods transported in the port or on any other type of structure, and specifically to the modular systems included in the warehouses of the ships themselves, which eliminate costs of use of port machinery and can use any port, even those with small infrastructures. In addition, these systems try to minimize the download time to reduce costs per port stay.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Actualmente, y debido al aumento del tráfico marítimo los costes portuarios han subido de manera que los buques que más tardan en descargar son menos competitivos, hasta el punto que puede que no sean rentables. Currently, and due to the increase in maritime traffic, port costs have risen so that ships that take longer to unload are less competitive, to the point that they may not be profitable.
Tres son las operaciones básicas a realizar en la descarga a puerto de mercancía a granel. En primer lugar se debe sacar la mercancía de la bodega en la que está almacenada. Después se debe elevar ésta para disponerla en cubierta salvando la altura existente entre la bodega y la cubierta, que es la operación que más problemas plantea a los sistemas actuales. Por último, se transporta la mercancía desde la cubierta del buque al puerto.  There are three basic operations to be carried out in the unloading of bulk merchandise at the port. First of all, the merchandise must be removed from the warehouse in which it is stored. This should then be raised to cover it, saving the height between the cellar and the roof, which is the operation that poses the most problems to current systems. Finally, the goods are transported from the ship's deck to the port.
En la actualidad existen diversos sistemas de auto-descarga én puerto o sobre otro tipo de estructuras para los buques de carga de mercancía a granel.  At present there are various self-unloading systems in port or on other structures for cargo ships in bulk.
Uno de los sistemas existentes se utiliza sobre todo para cementeros y está basado en bombas que aspiran la mercancía y la conducen hacia fuera. La objeción de este sistema es que su velocidad de descarga es muy baja, encontrándose en torno a las 1200 t/h. One of the existing systems is used primarily for cement manufacturers and is based on pumps that suck the merchandise and drive it out. The objection of this system is that its download speed is very low, being around 1200 t / h.
Otro sistema de descarga, de esencia completamente diferente, está formado por cintas paralelas a crujía que transportan la mercancía hacia la parte trasera o delantera del barco donde se salva la altura entre el fondo de las bodegas hasta la cubierta mediante un sistema de cintas. Allí, un brazo móvil realiza la descarga con ayuda de otra cinta. Mediante este sistema se alcanzan unas velocidades máximas de descarga de 10000 t/h, y se puede utilizar para cementeros y graneleros. La desventaja de este sistema es que debido a que se necesita el espacio en la parte trasera para salvar !a altura, el sistema es único para todas las bodegas, por lo que no se pueden descargar varias bodegas al mismo tiempo, con lo que aumenta el tiempo de descarga. Otra desventaja de estos sistemas es que al no ser independientes de las bodegas, impide el transporte de distintos tipos de material a granel, de manera que sólo puede ocuparse de un tipo en cada viaje. Another unloading system, of a completely different essence, is formed by ribbons parallel to the rust that transport the merchandise to the rear or front of the boat where the height between the bottom of the cellars is saved to the deck by a system of belts. There, a mobile arm performs the download with the help of another tape. Maximum discharge speeds of 10,000 t / h are reached through this system, and can be used for cement and bulk carriers. The disadvantage of this system is that because the space at the rear is needed to save height, the system is unique to all wineries, so you cannot download several wineries at the same time, which increases Download time Another disadvantage of these systems is that since they are not independent of the warehouses, it prevents the transport of different types of bulk material, so that they can only deal with one type on each trip.
Los documentos US4350467, US4245942, US5049021, US5702221 y US4428504 están basados en sistemas transportadores lineales, como cintas o "fingers" móviles. Actualmente también existen sistemas de descarga para mercancía a granel que utilizan ruedas o norias para la elevación de la mercancía desde las bodegas en las que está almacenada hasta la cubierta, para su posterior traslado hasta el puerto. Documents US4350467, US4245942, US5049021, US5702221 and US4428504 are based on linear conveyor systems, such as mobile belts or fingers. Currently there are also unloading systems for bulk merchandise that use wheels or ferris wheels to lift the merchandise from the warehouses in which it is stored to the deck, for later transfer to the port.
El documento US3432024 presenta un sistema basado en rueda con unas cestas en la que se realiza la carga radialmente. Por otro lado, US3527335 y US347099 muestran sistemas similares de ruedas que recogen la mercancía radialmente de cintas y se diferencian entre sí en la forma en que la mercancía sale de la rueda. Document US3432024 presents a wheel-based system with baskets in which the load is performed radially. On the other hand, US3527335 and US347099 show similar wheel systems that collect the merchandise radially from ribbons and differ from each other in the way the merchandise leaves the wheel.
El documento FR2516888 muestra un sistema con una rueda que se carga y descarga radialmente, y en lugar de cargarse desde el exterior se carga desde el interior dé ésta. La rueda está formada por cajones, y se carga en su parte inferior desde una cinta que arroja la mercancía a la parte superior de estos cajones, que va abierta. En la parte superior de la rueda, la caja va bocabajo y la mercancía cae por gravedad. Un cinturón estático impide que la mercancía se caiga al girar la rueda en su movimiento ascendente. Document FR2516888 shows a system with a wheel that is loaded and unloaded radially, and instead of being loaded from the outside it is loaded from inside it. The wheel is formed by drawers, and is loaded in its lower part from a belt that throws the merchandise to the top of these drawers, which is open. At the top of the wheel, the box goes face down and the merchandise falls by gravity. A static belt prevents the merchandise from falling when the wheel is turned in its upward motion.
Estos últimos sistemas que utilizan la rueda presentan el inconveniente de tener que descargar dejando caer la mercancía al interior de la rueda desde su punto más alto, lo que repercute en la necesidad de un mayor diámetro para salvar la altura.  These last systems that use the wheel have the disadvantage of having to unload by dropping the merchandise inside the wheel from its highest point, which affects the need for a larger diameter to save the height.
Además, en el sistema del documento FR2516888, la rueda debe incrementar aun más su altura, ya que los cajones se cargan por su punto superior, por lo que si se desea aumentar la capacidad de éstos se debe incrementar la altura de la rueda, la cual puede presentar dimensiones de más de 20 metros de diámetro, lo que hace que su fabricación, montaje y funcionamiento sea muy complicado. Además, solo se puede colocar una en toda la eslora del buque'; y se suele hacer junto a la cámara de máquinas con el fin de poder accionarla, lo que vuelve a impedir descargar varias bodegas al mismo tiempo y almacenar en éstas diferentes tipos de materiales a granel. In addition, in the system of document FR2516888, the wheel must further increase its height, since the drawers are loaded by their upper point, so if it is desired to increase their capacity, the wheel height must be increased, the which can have dimensions of more than 20 meters in diameter, which makes its manufacture, assembly and operation very complicated. In addition, only one can be placed in the entire length of the vessel '; and it is usually done next to the camera of machines in order to be able to operate it, which again prevents unloading several warehouses at the same time and storing different types of bulk materials in them.
Otro problema que presenta este último sistema es el cinturón que tapa la cara y evita que ésta caiga en el momento en que sube al girar la rueda. Esto origina que la mercancía ejerza una elevada presión sobre el cinturón, se creen grandes esfuerzos de fricción además de las pérdidas de material. Con este sistema se debe elegir entre un buen cierre y una alta potencia necesaria para vencer la fricción, o por el contrario una baja fricción que necesita menor potencia para el movimiento pero provoca la pérdida de material.  Another problem presented by this last system is the belt that covers the face and prevents it from falling when it rises when the wheel is turned. This causes the merchandise to exert a high pressure on the belt, great friction efforts are created in addition to material losses. With this system you must choose between a good closure and a high power needed to overcome friction, or on the contrary a low friction that needs less power for movement but causes the loss of material.
Todos estos inconvenientes derivan además en la baja velocidad de descarga, lo que supone un elevado tiempo de estancia en el puerto, con el consiguiente aumento del coste. Los tiempos en puerto con los actuales sistemas de auto-descarga varían desde 10 a 20 horas, hasta varios días para vaciar el buque.  All these inconveniences also result in the low download speed, which means a long time in the port, with the consequent increase in cost. Port times with current auto-unloading systems vary from 10 to 20 hours, up to several days to empty the ship.
Un problema añadido de todos estos sistemas es la rigidez en la disposición de las cintas de carga y descarga. No se pueden variar las posiciones de las cintas con respecto a la rueda para la carga y descarga de ésta, y esto condiciona en gran medida la disposición a bordo del sistema. An added problem of all these systems is the rigidity in the arrangement of loading and unloading tapes. The positions of the belts with respect to the wheel for the loading and unloading of the latter cannot be varied, and this greatly conditions the on-board arrangement of the system.
Era por tanto deseable un sistema que consiguiera una descarga de la mercancía a granel de un buque de forma eficiente, evitando los inconvenientes existentes en los anteriores sistemas del estado de la técnica.  It was therefore desirable a system that achieved an unloading of bulk merchandise from a ship efficiently, avoiding the inconvenience existing in the prior art systems.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN La presente invención resuelve los problemas existentes en el estado de la técnica mediante un sistema modular de auto-descarga a puerto de mercancía a granel transportada en bodegas de buques. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the problems existing in the state of the art by means of a modular system of self-unloading to the port of bulk merchandise transported in ship holds.
El sistema está formado por un módulo de auto-descarga por cada una de las bodegas a descargar del buque. Esta característica permite descargar todas las bodegas al mismo tiempo, lo que ofrece ventajas sobre los sistemas del estado de la técnica. En primer lugar disminuye el tiempo de descarga del buque, al poder descargar varias bodegas a la vez, y no tener que contar con un sistema único para todas las bodegas como en los sistemas existentes hasta ahora. Además, al existir un módulo para cada una de las bodegas, se pueden transportar diferentes tipos de materiales a granel en el buque sin riesgo alguno a que se- mezclen en la descarga: Otra de las ventajas que proporciona esta modu!aridad es la de permitir que el sistema se instale en buques ya construidos, sin que haga falta que se instale durante la construcción del buque. The system consists of a self-unloading module for each of the warehouses to be unloaded from the vessel. This feature allows you to download all the warehouses at the same time, which offers advantages over state-of-the-art systems. In the first place, the ship's unloading time is reduced, as it is possible to unload several wineries at the same time, and not have to have a single system for all wineries as in the existing systems so far. In addition, since there is a module for each of the warehouses, different types of bulk materials can be transported on the ship without any risk to be mixed in the unloading: Another advantage that It provides this modulus to allow the system to be installed on already built ships, without having to install it during the construction of the ship.
Cada uno de los módulos del sistema está formado por al menos un transportador lineal continuo de la mercancía desde la bodega hasta al menos una rueda elevadora con eje de giro horizontal y paralelo al plano de crujía del buque, en cuyo giro eleva la mercancía desde el transportador lineal, hasta al menos la línea de francobordo del buque. Cada módulo se completa con un transportador lineal de salida, el cual transporta la mercancía desde la rueda elevadora hasta el puerto. Por tanto, la mercancía a granel sale lateralmente por el buque, existiendo una salida por cada una de las bodegas existentes. Es decir, si el buque dispone de cinco bodegas, la mercancía saldrá lateralmente por cinco puntos. Each of the modules of the system is formed by at least one continuous linear conveyor of the merchandise from the warehouse to at least one lifting wheel with a horizontal axis of rotation and parallel to the plane of the ship's crust, in which turn it elevates the merchandise from the linear conveyor, up to at least the ship's freeboard line. Each module is completed with a linear output conveyor, which transports the goods from the lifting wheel to the port. Therefore, the bulk merchandise leaves laterally by the ship, there is an exit for each of the existing warehouses. That is, if the ship has five warehouses, the merchandise will leave laterally by five points.
El transportador lineal continuo puede formar con la cara frontal de la rueda elevadora un ángulo cualquiera entre 0o y 180°, y la carga de la rueda elevadora se realiza frontalmente, mientras que el transportador lineal de salida puede formar con la cara frontal de la rueda elevadora un ángulo cualquiera también entre 0o y 180°. Esto presenta la ventaja con respecto a los sistemas existentes en la actualidad de poder variar la posición del transportador lineal y del transportador lineal de salida con respecto a la rueda para adaptarlo a la disposición más conveniente en el buque. The continuous linear conveyor can form with the front face of the lifting wheel any angle between 0 or 180 °, and the loading of the lifting wheel is carried out frontally, while the linear output conveyor can form with the front face of the lifting wheel any angle also between 0 or 180 °. This presents the advantage with respect to the systems currently available to be able to vary the position of the linear conveyor and the linear output conveyor with respect to the wheel to adapt it to the most convenient arrangement on the ship.
De forma preferente, el transportador lineal es perpendicular a la cara frontal de la rueda elevadora, realizándose la carga de dicha rueda elevadora axialmente, lo que minimiza el espacio necesario en el buque para la disposición de la rueda, ya que se reduce el diámetro de ésta, además de hacer óptima la carga de ia rueda, debido a ia configuración de ios alojamientos de ésta en la rueda, como se Verá posteriormente. Asimismo, también de forma preferente, el transportador lineal de salida queda perpendicular ¡ al eje de giro de la rueda elevadora, lo que permite disminuir el transporte desde la rueda a la línea de descarga, pudiendo descargar directamente al puerto o sobre otro tipo de estructuras en una única línea perpendicular al eje de giro, al buque, y a la misma línea de descarga. En los sistemas existentes, basados en ruedas elevadoras, hasta ahora la cinta de salida tenía que colocarse paralela al eje de giro de la rueda, lo que obligaba a realizar un cambio de dirección para poder llevar la mercancía a la línea de descarga. Preferably, the linear conveyor is perpendicular to the front face of the lifting wheel, the loading of said lifting wheel being carried out axially, which minimizes the space needed in the vessel for the arrangement of the wheel, since the diameter of This, in addition to optimizing the load of the wheel, due to the configuration of its housings on the wheel, as will be seen later. Likewise, also preferably, the linear output conveyor is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the lifting wheel, which makes it possible to reduce the transport from the wheel to the unloading line, being able to unload directly to the port or on other structures in a single line perpendicular to the axis of rotation, to the ship, and to the same discharge line. In existing systems, based on lifting wheels, until now the exit belt had to be placed parallel to the axis of rotation of the wheel, which forced a change of direction to be able to take the goods to the unloading line.
Además, como se puede colocar el transportador lineal de salida transversal a la rueda sin ayuda de una segunda cinta para proporcionar el cambio de dirección, no es necesario subir ia mercancía hasta la cubierta, sino que se puede subir unos metros por encima de la línea de- francobordo, pero por debajo de la cubierta, y sacarla al puerto o a otro tipo de estructura, mediante aperturas o cesáreas en el casco del buque, lo cual permite reducir aun más todavía el diámetro de la rueda elevadora. Según una realización particular de la invención, la rueda elevadora está formada por celdas de carga dispuestas radialmente en ésta, que tienen una abertura dispuesta en ia cara frontal de la rueda elevadora. Adicionalmente, ia cara posterior de dicha rueda está cerrada. Las caras de las celdas más cercanas al eje de giro, están inclinadas axialmente, de forma que en la zona inferior, donde se realiza la carga de la rueda elevadora, dichas caras quedan inclinadas hacia el interior de dicha rueda elevadora, permitiendo la carga frontal, depositando la mercancía en el interior de la celda de la rueda elevadora por gravedad, quedando sujeta por ía cara posterior de ésta. En la zona superior, donde se realiza la descarga de !a rueda elevadora, las caras más cercanas al eje de giro de las celdas de carga están inclinadas hacia el exterior de ésta, deslizando la mercancía hacia el exterior por gravedad, realizándose la descarga frontalmente sobre el transportador lineal de salida, sin necesidad de ningún mecanismo adicional. Es decir, la inclinación de las caras mas cercanas al eje de giro que permite su carga en la zona inferior permite asimismo su descarga en la zona superior. In addition, since the linear conveyor of transverse exit to the wheel can be placed without the help of a second belt to provide the change of direction, it is not necessary to raise the merchandise to the deck, but it can be climbed a few meters above the line off-board, but below deck, and remove it to port or other type of structure, through openings or caesarean sections in the hull of the ship, which allows to reduce the diameter of the lifting wheel even further. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the lifting wheel is formed by radially arranged load cells therein, which have an opening arranged on the front face of the lifting wheel. Additionally, the rear face of said wheel is closed. The faces of the cells closest to the axis of rotation are inclined axially, so that in the lower area, where the lifting wheel is loaded, said faces are inclined towards the inside of said lifting wheel, allowing frontal loading , depositing the merchandise inside the cell of the lifting wheel by gravity, being held by the rear face of the latter. In the upper area, where the unloading of the lifting wheel is carried out, the faces closest to the axis of rotation of the load cells are inclined towards the outside of the latter, sliding the merchandise outwards by gravity, the discharge being carried out frontally on the linear output conveyor, without the need for any additional mechanism. That is, the inclination of the faces closest to the axis of rotation that allows its loading in the lower zone also allows its discharge in the upper zone.
De acuerdo con una realización preferente dé la invención, el sistema tiene una tapa frontal fija dispuesta en la cara frontal de la rueda elevadora, que evita la salida de la mercancía por las aberturas de las células de carga en la cara frontal en el ascenso de éstas debido al giro de la rueda. Esta tapa frontal tiene una abertura inferior que permite la entrada de la mercancía desde el transportador lineal a las celdas de carga de la rueda elevadora, y una abertura superior que permite la salida de la mercancía desde las celdas de carga de la rueda elevadora al transportador lineal de salida. Esta tapa frontal presenta la ventaja frente a los cinturones existentes en el estado de la técnica de no tener que soportar toda la presión de la mercancía en el giro de la rueda, dado que esta presión se dirige hacia el interior de la rueda, que es la parte trasera debido a la geometría de la misma y en este caso la tapa es frontal.  In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the system has a fixed front cover disposed on the front face of the lifting wheel, which prevents the exit of the goods through the openings of the load cells in the front face in the ascent of these due to the rotation of the wheel. This front cover has a lower opening that allows the goods to enter from the linear conveyor to the load cells of the lifting wheel, and an upper opening that allows the goods to exit from the load cells of the lifting wheel to the conveyor. linear output. This front cover has the advantage over the belts existing in the state of the art of not having to withstand all the pressure of the merchandise in the rotation of the wheel, since this pressure is directed towards the inside of the wheel, which is the rear part due to its geometry and in this case the cover is frontal.
Para guiar el movimiento relativo entre la rueda elevadora y la tapa frontal, disminuyendo o evitando la fricción entre ambos elementos, el sistema puede presentar medios de rodadura dispuestos entre ellos. To guide the relative movement between the lifting wheel and the front cover, reducing or preventing friction between the two elements, the system may have rolling means arranged between them.
Preferentemente, el sistema modular de auto-descarga objeto de la presente invención, tiene en cada uno de los módulos un transportador lineal adicional e idéntico al transportador lineal inicial, y paralelo a éste, que transporta la mercancía desde la bodega hasta una rueda elevadora adicional idéntica a la rueda elevadora inicial, que tiene un eje de giro paralelo al eje de giro de aquella. Es decir, de forma preferente, cada uno de los módulos presenta dos transportadores lineales paralelos que transportan la mercancía desde la bodega hasta dos ruedas elevadoras. Esto es posible dado que se ha conseguido reducir sustancialmente el diámetro de la rueda elevadora, y el espacio disponible de las bodegas puede albergar holgadamente a dos de ellas. Preferably, the modular self-unloading system object of the present invention, has in each of the modules an additional linear conveyor and identical to the initial linear conveyor, and parallel to it, which transports the goods from the warehouse to an additional lifting wheel identical to the lifting wheel initial, which has an axis of rotation parallel to the axis of rotation of that. That is, preferably, each of the modules has two parallel linear conveyors that transport the goods from the warehouse to two lifting wheels. This is possible since it has been possible to substantially reduce the diameter of the lifting wheel, and the available space of the warehouses can comfortably accommodate two of them.
El transportador lineal y la rueda elevadora adicionales están dispuestos simétricamente del transportador lineal y la rueda elevadora iniciales, con respecto a! plano de crujía del buque, y ambas ruedas giran en sentidos opuestos, de tal forma que la parte cargada de dichas ruedas está junto al plano de crujía, lo que estabiliza al buque en todo momento, evitando variaciones de carga en los laterales de éste. De esta forma el buque descarga mucho más equilibrado que con los sistemas actuales pudiendo incluso auto-descargarse en el mar si las condiciones de servicio así lo requirieran.  The additional linear conveyor and the lifting wheel are arranged symmetrically of the initial linear conveyor and the lifting wheel, with respect to! the ship's creaking plane, and both wheels rotate in opposite directions, so that the loaded part of said wheels is next to the creaking plane, which stabilizes the ship at all times, avoiding load variations on its sides. In this way the ship unloads much more balanced than with the current systems and can even self-discharge at sea if the conditions of service so require.
Preferentemente, y como ya se había indicado para el caso de una única rueda elevadora y un único transportador lineal, los transportadores lineales se disponen paralelos al eje de giro de las ruedas elevadoras, con lo que realizarán la carga de éstas axialmente. Preferably, and as already indicated in the case of a single lifting wheel and a single linear conveyor, the linear conveyors are arranged parallel to the axis of rotation of the lifting wheels, thereby carrying out the loading of these axially.
En cuanto al transportador lineal de salida, éste puede tomar diversas configuraciones, aunque de forma preferida atraviesa la bodega de lado a lado y recorre las dos ruedas elevadoras, recibiendo la mercancía de éstas y transportándola. Así, con un único transportador lineal simple se puede recoger toda la mercancía de las dos ruedas y transportarla directamente al puerto o sobre cualquier otro tipo de estructura sobre la que se descarga.  As for the linear output conveyor, it can take various configurations, although it preferably crosses the warehouse from side to side and runs through the two lifting wheels, receiving the merchandise from them and transporting it. Thus, with a single simple linear conveyor, you can collect all the merchandise from the two wheels and transport it directly to the port or on any other type of structure on which it is unloaded.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
A continuación, para facilitar la comprensión de la invención, a modo ilustrativo pero no limitativo se describirá una realización de la invención que hace referencia a una serie de figuras. Next, to facilitate the understanding of the invention, an illustrative but non-limiting way will describe an embodiment of the invention that refers to a series of figures.
La figura 1 es una vista esquemática en perspectiva de una realización del sistema modular de auto-descarga objeto de la presente invención.  Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the modular self-discharge system object of the present invention.
La figura 2 muestra una vista esquemática en alzado de! sistema de la figura 1. Figure 2 shows a schematic elevation view of! system of figure 1.
La figura 3 es una vista esquemática de una realización preferente de una rueda elevadora del sistema objeto de ia presente invención. La figura 4 es una vista esquemática en perspectiva de una realización particular en la que la rueda elevadora tiene dispuesta una tapa frontal. Figure 3 is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of a lifting wheel of the system object of the present invention. Figure 4 is a schematic perspective view of a particular embodiment in which the lift wheel has a front cover arranged.
La figura 5 es una vista esquemática lateral de la rueda elevadora de la figura 3. Figure 5 is a schematic side view of the lifting wheel of Figure 3.
La figura 6 muestra ia vista de la rueda lateral de la figura 5 a la que se le añade la representación esquemática de los transportadores lineales. Figure 6 shows the view of the side wheel of Figure 5 to which the schematic representation of the linear conveyors is added.
La figura 7 muestra de forma esquemática una perspectiva de una realización preferente del sistema modular de auto-descarga objeto de la presente invención que presenta dos transportadores lineales de llegada a dos ruedas elevadoras y un único transportador lineal de salida.  Figure 7 schematically shows a perspective of a preferred embodiment of the modular self-unloading system object of the present invention, which presents two linear conveyors arriving at two lifting wheels and a single linear output conveyor.
La figura 8 es una vista lateral de la realización del sistema representado en la figura 7. Figure 8 is a side view of the embodiment of the system shown in Figure 7.
La figura 9 es una vista en alzado frontal de la realización del sistema de las figuras 7 y 8.  Figure 9 is a front elevation view of the embodiment of the system of Figures 7 and 8.
La figura 10 es una vista en perspectiva frontal de una maqueta de una realización de la rueda elevadora y el transportador lineal de salida.  Figure 10 is a front perspective view of a model of an embodiment of the lift wheel and the linear output conveyor.
En estas figuras se hace referencia a un conjunto de elementos que son:  In these figures reference is made to a set of elements that are:
1. transportador lineal  1. linear conveyor
1 '· transportador lineal adicional  1 '· additional linear conveyor
2. rueda elevadora  2. lifting wheel
2'. rueda elevadora adicional  2'. additional lifting wheel
3. transportador lineal de salida, cinta de salida  3. linear output conveyor, output belt
4. cara frontal de la rueda elevadora  4. front face of the lifting wheel
5. eje de giro de la rueda elevadora  5. axis of rotation of the lifting wheel
5'. eje de giro de la rueda elevadora adicional  5'. axis of rotation of the additional lifting wheel
6. celdas de carga de la rueda elevadora  6. forklift load cells
7. cara posterior de la rueda elevadora  7. rear face of the lifting wheel
8. tapa frontal  8. front cover
9. abertura inferior de la tapa frontal  9. lower opening of the front cover
10. abertura superior de la tapa frontal  10. upper opening of the front cover
11. bodega del buque  11. ship's hold
12. balconadas  12. balconies
13. pendiente a ambos lados del transportador lineal DESCRIPCION DE REALIZACIONES PREFERENTES DE LA INVENCION 13. slope on both sides of the linear conveyor DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
El objeto de la presente invención es un sistema modular de auto-descarga a puerto de la mercancía transportada en bodegas de buques. The object of the present invention is a modular system of self-unloading of goods transported in ship holds.
Tal y como se puede apreciar en las figuras, el sistema consiste en un conjunto de módulos de auto-descarga, concretamente uno por cada uno de las bodegas (11) del buque. As can be seen in the figures, the system consists of a set of self-unloading modules, specifically one for each of the ship's holds (11).
Cada uno de los módulos está formado a su vez por al menos un transportador lineal (1 ) continuo de la mercancía a granel desde la bodega (11 ) hasta al menos una rueda elevadora (2) con eje de giro (5) horizontal y paralelo al plano de crujía del buque. Esta rueda (2) en su giro eleva la mercancía desde el transportador lineal (1 ) hasta al menos !a línea de francobordo del buque. El módulo se completa con un transportador lineal de salida (3) que transporta la mercancía desde la rueda elevadora (2) hasta el puerto. En las figuras 1 y 2 se observa una realización del presente módulo formado por una rueda elevadora (2) y un transportador lineal (1 ), junto con el transportador lineal de salida (3). El transportador lineal (1) puede consistir en un tornillo de Arquímedes sobre el que se deposita la mercancía a granel, aunque preferentemente, dicho transportador linea! es una cinta transportadora, la cual desplaza linealmente la mercancía. En cuanto al transportador lineal de salida (3), éste puede consistir en un tornillo de Arquímedes, o sinfín, aunque de forma preferente éste es una cinta transportadora.  Each of the modules is in turn formed by at least one continuous linear conveyor (1) of the bulk merchandise from the warehouse (11) to at least one lifting wheel (2) with horizontal and parallel axis of rotation (5) to the ship's creaking plane. This wheel (2) in its turn elevates the merchandise from the linear conveyor (1) to at least! To the ship's freeboard line. The module is completed with a linear output conveyor (3) that transports the goods from the lifting wheel (2) to the port. An embodiment of the present module formed by a lifting wheel (2) and a linear conveyor (1), together with the linear output conveyor (3), can be seen in Figures 1 and 2. The linear conveyor (1) can consist of an Archimedes screw on which the bulk merchandise is deposited, although preferably, said line conveyor! It is a conveyor belt, which moves the merchandise linearly. As for the linear output conveyor (3), this may consist of an Archimedes screw, or auger, although preferably this is a conveyor belt.
El transportador lineal (1 ) puede formar con la cara frontal (4) de la rueda elevadora (2) un ángulo cualquiera entre 0o y 180°, y la carga de dicha rueda elevadora (2) se realiza frontaímente. De forma preferente, tal y como se aprecia en las figuras 1 y 2, el transportador lineal (1 ) es perpendicular a la cara frontal (4) de la rueda elevadora (2), realizándose la carga de dicha rueda elevadora (2) axialmente, lo que, como se ha indicado anteriormente, permite la reducción del diámetro de la rueda (2), y optimiza su carga. The linear conveyor (1) can form any angle between 0 or 180 ° with the front face (4) of the lifting wheel (2), and the loading of said lifting wheel (2) is carried out frontally. Preferably, as can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, the linear conveyor (1) is perpendicular to the front face (4) of the lifting wheel (2), the loading of said lifting wheel (2) being carried out axially , which, as indicated above, allows the reduction of the diameter of the wheel (2), and optimizes its load.
En cuanto a la disposición del transportador lineal de salida (3), éste forma con la cara frontal (4) de la rueda elevadora (2) un ángulo cualquiera seleccionado entre 0o y 180°. Según se puede ver en las figuras 1 y 2, preferentemente el transportador lineal de salida (3) es perpendicular al eje de giro (5) de la rueda elevadora (2), lo que permite descargar directamente al puerto o sobre otro tipo de estructura en una única línea perpendicular al eje de giro de la rueda (2), al buque y a la línea de descarga. Además, como se puede colocar el transportador lineal de salida (3) transversal a la rueda (2) sin ayuda de una segunda cinta para proporcionar el cambio de dirección, no es necesario subir la mercancía hasta la cubierta, sino que se puede subir unos metros por encima de la línea de francobordo, pero por debajo de la cubierta, y sacarla al puerto o a cualquier otro tipo de estructura mediante aperturas o cesáreas en el casco del buque, lo cual permite reducir aun más todavía el diámetro de la rueda elevadora (2). As for the arrangement of the linear output conveyor (3), it forms an angle selected between 0 or 180 ° with the front face (4) of the lifting wheel (2). As can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, preferably the linear output conveyor (3) is perpendicular to the axis of rotation (5) of the lifting wheel (2), which allows direct discharge to the port or on another type of structure in a single line perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the wheel (2), the ship and the discharge line. In addition, as the linear output conveyor (3) transverse to the wheel (2) can be placed without the help of a second belt to provide the change of direction, it is not necessary to raise the merchandise to the deck, but it is possible to raise some meters above the freeboard line, but below the deck, and take it out to the port or any other type of structure by means of openings or caesarean sections in the hull of the ship, which allows to reduce the diameter of the lifting wheel even further ( 2).
Las figuras 3, 5 y 6 muestran una realización preferente de una rueda elevadora (2) del sistema de auto-descarga, en las que se observa que esta está formada por unas celdas de carga (6) dispuestas radialmente en dicha rueda elevadora (2). Las celdas de carga (6) tienen una abertura dispuesta en la cara frontal (4) de la rueda elevadora (2) mientras que por la cara posterior (7) de dicha rueda (2) están cerradas.  Figures 3, 5 and 6 show a preferred embodiment of a lifting wheel (2) of the self-unloading system, in which it is observed that it is formed by load cells (6) arranged radially in said lifting wheel (2 ). The load cells (6) have an opening arranged on the front face (4) of the lifting wheel (2) while on the rear face (7) of said wheel (2) they are closed.
Como se puede apreciar con claridad en las figuras 5 y 6, las celdas de carga (6) están inclinadas axialmente. de forma tal que en la zona inferior de carga de la rueda elevadora (2) quedan inclinadas hacia el interior de ésta, permitiendo la carga frontal, y deslizando la mercancía hacia el interior de la rueda elevadora (2) por gravedad, quedando sujeta por la cara posterior (7). En cambio, como se ve en las figuras 5 y 6, en la zona superior de descarga de la rueda elevadora (2), las celdas de carga (6) quedan inclinadas hacia el exterior de ésta, deslizando la mercancía hacia dicho - exterior por gravedad, realizándose la descarga frontalmente sobre el transportador lineal de salida (3). As can be clearly seen in Figures 5 and 6, the load cells (6) are inclined axially. in such a way that in the lower loading area of the lifting wheel (2) they are inclined towards the inside of the latter, allowing the front load, and sliding the merchandise towards the inside of the lifting wheel (2) by gravity, being held by the back side (7). On the other hand, as seen in Figures 5 and 6, in the upper discharge area of the lifting wheel (2), the load cells (6) are inclined towards the outside of the latter, sliding the merchandise towards said outside by gravity, the discharge being carried out frontally on the linear output conveyor (3).
Preferentemente, las celdas de carga (6) se forman en la rueda elevadora (2), tras compartimentar dicha rueda elevadora (2) con álabes, de forma tal que el espacio comprendido entre álabes da lugar a dichas celdas de carga (6).  Preferably, the load cells (6) are formed in the lifting wheel (2), after compartmentalizing said lifting wheel (2) with blades, such that the space between blades gives rise to said load cells (6).
Las figuras 4 y 10 muestran una realización particular del sistema de auto-descarga objeto de la presente invención, que tiene una tapa frontal (8) fija dispuesta en la cara frontal (4) de la rueda elevadora (2) para evitar la caída de la mercancía a granel durante su ascenso en la rueda elevadora (2) hasta que lleguen a su punto de descarga sobre el transportador lineal de salida (3). Esta tapa frontal (8) tiene una abertura inferior (9) para la entrada de la mercancía desde el transportador lineal {1 ) a las celdas de carga (6) de la rueda elevadora (2), y una abertura superior (10) para la salida de la mercancía desde las celdas de carga (6) de la rueda elevadora (2) al transportador lineal de salida (3). Figures 4 and 10 show a particular embodiment of the self-unloading system object of the present invention, which has a fixed front cover (8) arranged on the front face (4) of the lifting wheel (2) to prevent the fall of the bulk merchandise during its ascent on the lifting wheel (2) until they reach their point of unloading on the linear exit conveyor (3). This front cover (8) has a lower opening (9) for the entry of the goods from the linear conveyor {1) to the load cells (6) of the lifting wheel (2), and an upper opening (10) for the exit of the merchandise from the load cells (6) of the lifting wheel (2) to the linear output conveyor (3).
Se puede disminuir la fricción debida al movimiento relativo existente entre la rueda elevadora (2) giratoria y la tapa frontal (8) fija, teniendo en cuenta en el diseño de la rueda elevadora (2) el número de celdas de carga (6), el tamaño y forma de éstas, que vienen determinadas por el número y forma de los álabes que las conforman y en qué cantidad se van a llenar. De esta forma se podrá reducir la potencia necesaria para el movimiento de la rueda (2), y las pérdidas de material debido a dicha fricción. Friction due to the relative movement existing between the rotating lifting wheel (2) and the fixed front cover (8) can be reduced, taking into account the design of the lifting wheel (2) the number of load cells (6), the size and shape of these, which are determined by the number and shape of the blades that make them up and in what quantity they will be filled. In this way, the power required for the movement of the wheel (2) and the material losses due to said friction can be reduced.
Una solución para eliminar la fricción debida al movimiento relativo entre la rueda (2) y la tapa frontal (8), consiste en que preferentemente el sistema presenta medios de rodadura que se disponen entre la rueda elevadora (2) y la tapa frontal (8), los cuales guían el movimiento relativo entre ambas eliminando el rozamiento. Estos medios consisten básicamente en un sistema de raíles y ruedas discurriendo frontalmente entre la rueda elevadora (2) y la tapa frontal (8). A solution to eliminate friction due to the relative movement between the wheel (2) and the front cover (8), is that preferably the system has rolling means arranged between the lifting wheel (2) and the front cover (8 ), which guide the relative movement between the two eliminating friction. These means basically consist of a system of rails and wheels running frontally between the lifting wheel (2) and the front cover (8).
Otros medios alternativos pueden consistir en un laberinto dispuesto entre la tapa (8) y la rueda (2), similar a los dispuestos entre el rotor y estator de ciertas turbinas de gas y vapor, o incluir pequeños cepillos entre la rueda (2) y la tapa (8) que reduzcan la fricción, siendo su función principal cerrar sin ocasionar desgaste a dicha rueda (2) y tapa frontal (8). Otra solución para reducir la fricción consiste en recubrir de resina las partes de la rueda (2) y la tapa frontal (8) que contacten en el giro de la rueda (2) y evitar así el desgaste de éstas por la abrasión.  Other alternative means may consist of a maze arranged between the cover (8) and the wheel (2), similar to those arranged between the rotor and stator of certain gas and steam turbines, or include small brushes between the wheel (2) and the cover (8) that reduce friction, its main function being to close without causing wear to said wheel (2) and front cover (8). Another solution to reduce friction is to cover the parts of the wheel (2) and the front cover (8) that come into contact with the wheel (2) in resin and thus prevent their wear due to abrasion.
Según una realización particular, en la zona de la bodega (11 ) en la que está dispuesto el transportador lineal (1 ) el fondo forma pendiente (13) a ambos lados de este transportador lineal (1 ) y hacia éste, deslizando la mercancía de la bodega (11) por gravedad a dicho transportador lineal (1 ). Esto hace que la mercancía se mueva hacia ei transportador lineal (1), incluso cuando la bodega (1 1) esté prácticamente vacía. Con ello se evita que parte de la mercancía se acumule en ciertos puntos debido a las características del material y la geometría de la bodega (11 ), y que no se pueda descargar.  According to a particular embodiment, in the area of the warehouse (11) in which the linear conveyor (1) is arranged the bottom forms a slope (13) on both sides of this linear conveyor (1) and towards it, sliding the merchandise from the warehouse (11) by gravity to said linear conveyor (1). This causes the goods to move towards the linear conveyor (1), even when the warehouse (1 1) is practically empty. This prevents part of the merchandise from accumulating at certain points due to the characteristics of the material and the geometry of the warehouse (11), and that it cannot be unloaded.
Preferentemente se dispone un tejado o alerón sobre el transportador lineal (1) que cubre éste evitando que ia mercancía a grane! de la bodega (11) se acumule sobre él y ejerza presión que pueda llegar a bloquearlo o incluso dañarlo.  Preferably, a roof or spoiler is arranged on the linear conveyor (1) that covers it, preventing the merchandise from being large! from the hold (11) accumulate on it and exert pressure that can block or even damage it.
Además, para favorecer el movimiento de ia mercancía a granel almacenada en la bodega (11 ), el sistema presenta preferentemente medios de vibración dispuestos en la estructura de dicha bodega que hacen vibrar la mercancía a granel y facilitan su acceso al transportador lineal. In addition, in order to favor the movement of the bulk merchandise stored in the warehouse (11), the system preferably presents vibration means arranged in the structure of said warehouse that make the bulk merchandise vibrate and facilitate its access to the linear conveyor.
Tal y como se puede observar en las figuras 1 , 7 y 10, según una realización preferente de la invención, el sistema tiene unas balconadas (12) dispuestas entre la abertura superior (10) de la tapa frontal (8) y el transportador lineal de salida (3) de la mercancía, las cuales recogen esta mercancía a su salida de las celdas de carga (6) y la reparten de forma continua, uniforme y suavemente sobre el transportador lineal de salida (3) evitando que ésta caiga de golpe o a intervalos, de forma discontinua sobre dicho transportador lineal (3), lo que podría acarrear la salida ineficiente de la mercancía e incluso el deterioro del transportador lineal (3). As can be seen in Figures 1, 7 and 10, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the system has balconies (12) arranged between the upper opening (10) of the front cover (8) and the linear conveyor output (3) of the merchandise, which collect this merchandise at its exit from the load cells (6) and distribute it continuously, uniformly and smoothly on the linear output conveyor (3) preventing it from falling at once or at intervals, discontinuously on said linear conveyor (3), which could lead to the inefficient exit of the merchandise and even the deterioration of the linear conveyor (3).
Las figuras 7 y 9 muestran una realización preferente de la invención, en la que cada uno de los módulos de auto-descarga tiene un transportador lineal adicional (V) idéntico al transportador lineal (1 ) original y paralelo a éste, y que también transporta la mercancía desde la bodega (11) hasta una rueda elevadora adicional (2') idéntica a la rueda elevadora (2) inicial, y que tiene un eje de giro (5') paralelo al eje de giro (5) de aquella. Por tanto, en esta realización preferente de la invención, cada módulo de auto-descarga tiene dos transportadores lineales (1 ,1 ') idénticos y paralelos que transportan la mercancía a granel hasta dos ruedas elevadoras (2,2').  Figures 7 and 9 show a preferred embodiment of the invention, in which each of the self-discharge modules has an additional linear conveyor (V) identical to the original and parallel linear conveyor (1), and which also carries the merchandise from the warehouse (11) to an additional lifting wheel (2 ') identical to the initial lifting wheel (2), and having an axis of rotation (5') parallel to the axis of rotation (5) of that. Therefore, in this preferred embodiment of the invention, each self-unloading module has two identical and parallel linear conveyors (1, 1 ') that transport the goods in bulk up to two lifting wheels (2.2').
Este transportador lineal adicional ( ) y la rueda elevadora adicional (2') se disponen simétricamente dei transportador lineal (1) y la rueda elevadora (2) con respecto al plano de crujía del buque, girando ambas ruedas (1 ,1') en sentidos opuestos, de tal forma que la parte cargada de dichas ruedas (1 ,1') quede siempre junto al plano de crujía, ya que la rueda (2) sólo va cargada por un lado en el sentido de subida, y esa parte baja vacía, una vez que ha descargado. De forma preferente, y al igual que sucedía en el caso de un único transportador lineal (1) y una única rueda elevadora (2), en este caso los dos transportadores lineales (1,1 ') se disponen paralelos al eje de giro (5,5') de las ruedas elevadoras, por lo que realizarán la carga de éstas axialmente. Todas las características que podían incluir el transportador lineal (1) y la rueda elevadora (2) se pueden incluir igualmente en el transportador lineal adicional ( ) y la rueda elevadora adicional (2'). This additional linear conveyor () and the additional lifting wheel (2 ') are symmetrically disposed of the linear conveyor (1) and the lifting wheel (2) with respect to the ship's creaking plane, turning both wheels (1, 1') in opposite directions, so that the loaded part of said wheels (1, 1 ') is always next to the creaking plane, since the wheel (2) is only loaded on one side in the direction of rise, and that part falls empty once it has downloaded. Preferably, and as in the case of a single linear conveyor (1) and a single lifting wheel (2), in this case the two linear conveyors (1,1 ') are arranged parallel to the axis of rotation ( 5.5 ') of the lifting wheels, so they will load them axially. All features that could include the linear conveyor (1) and the lifting wheel (2) can also be included in the additional linear conveyor () and the additional lifting wheel (2 ').
Tal y como se puede apreciar en la figura 7, y de forma mucho más clara en la figura 9, en esta realización preferente el transportador lineal de salida (3) atraviesa la bodega (11) de lado a lado y recorre las dos ruedas elevadoras (2,2') recibiendo la mercancía de ambas y transportándola hasta el lugar de descarga.  As can be seen in Figure 7, and much more clearly in Figure 9, in this preferred embodiment the linear output conveyor (3) crosses the hold (11) from side to side and travels the two lifting wheels (2,2 ') receiving the merchandise of both and transporting it to the place of unloading.
Preferentemente, el transportador lineal de salida (3) comprende medios de variación del sentido de movimiento, para poder descargar al puerto hacia un lado del buque, o hacia el otro, dependiendo de la posición de dicho buque con respecto a la zona de descarga. Preferably, the linear output conveyor (3) comprises means for varying the direction of movement, in order to be able to discharge to the port towards one side of the ship, or towards the other, depending on the position of said vessel with respect to the unloading zone.
Además, el sistema puede incorporar medios telescópicos de transporte dispuestos bajo el transportador lineal de salida (3), los cuales presentan al menos una cinta de salida adicional, pudiendo aumentar así la distancia horizontal del recorrido de la mercancía desde su salida de la rueda elevadora (2) hasta su depósito en la zona de descarga. In addition, the system can incorporate telescopic transport means arranged under the linear output conveyor (3), which have at least one belt of additional exit, thus being able to increase the horizontal distance of the route of the merchandise from its exit from the lifting wheel (2) to its deposit in the unloading zone.
Una vez descrita de forma clara la invención, se hace constar que las realizaciones particulares anteriormente descritas son susceptibles de modificaciones de detalle siempre que no alteren el principio fundamental y la esencia de la invención.  Once the invention is clearly described, it is noted that the particular embodiments described above are subject to modifications in detail as long as they do not alter the fundamental principle and essence of the invention.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Sistema modular de auto-descarga de mercancía a granel transportada en bodegas de buques, caracterizado porque 1. Modular system for self-unloading of bulk merchandise transported in ship holds, characterized in that
- comprende un módulo de auto-descarga por cada una de las bodegas (11 ) del buque, cada uno de los módulos comprendiendo a su vez - It comprises a self-unloading module for each one of the ship's holds (11), each of the modules comprising
al menos un transportador lineal (1) continuo de la mercancía desde !a bodega (11) hasta  at least one continuous linear conveyor (1) of the merchandise from! to warehouse (11) to
al menos una rueda elevadora (2) con eje de giro (5) horizontal y paralelo al plano de crujía del buque, en cuyo giro eleva la mercancía desde el transportador lineal (1 ) hasta al menos la línea de francobordo del buque,  at least one lifting wheel (2) with a rotation axis (5) horizontal and parallel to the ship's creaking plane, in which the merchandise is lifted from the linear conveyor (1) to at least the ship's freeboard line,
y un transportador lineal de salida (3) que transporta la mercancía desde !a rueda elevadora (2) hasta el puerto,  and a linear output conveyor (3) that transports the merchandise from the lift wheel (2) to the port,
porque el transportador lineal (1 ) continuo forma con la cara frontal"." (4) de la rueda elevadora (2) un ángulo seleccionado entre 0o y 180°, realizándose la carga de dicha rueda elevadora (2) frontalmente, because the continuous linear conveyor (1) forms with the front face " . " (4) of the lifting wheel (2) an angle selected between 0 or 180 °, with the loading of said lifting wheel (2) being carried out frontally,
y porque el transportador lineal de salida (3) forma con la cara frontal (4) de la rueda elevadora (2) un ángulo seleccionado entre 0o y 180°. and because the linear output conveyor (3) forms a selected angle between 0 or 180 ° with the front face (4) of the lifting wheel (2).
2. Sistema modular de auto-descarga de mercancía a granel transportada en bodegas de buques, según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque el transportador lineal (1 ) continuo es perpendicular a la cara frontal (4) de la rueda elevadora (2), realizándose la carga de dicha rueda elevadora (2) axialmente. 2. Modular system for self-unloading of bulk goods transported in ship holds, according to claim 1, characterized in that the continuous linear conveyor (1) is perpendicular to the front face (4) of the lifting wheel (2), being carried out the load of said lifting wheel (2) axially.
3. Sistema modular de auto-descarga de mercancía a granel transportada en bodegas de buques, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque el transportador lineal de salida (3) es perpendicular al eje de giro (5) de la rueda elevadora (2). 3. Modular system of self-unloading of bulk merchandise transported in ship holds, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the linear output conveyor (3) is perpendicular to the axis of rotation (5) of the lifting wheel (2) ).
4. Sistema modular de auto-descarga de mercancía a granel transportada en bodegas de buques, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque 4. Modular system for self-unloading of bulk merchandise transported in ship holds, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that
la rueda elevadora (2) comprende una pluralidad de celdas de carga (6) dispuestas radialmente en dicha rueda elevadora (2), comprendiendo las celdas de carga (6) una abertura dispuesta en la cara frontal (4) de la rueda elevadora (2) y estando cerrada la cara posterior (7) de ésta, the lifting wheel (2) comprises a plurality of load cells (6) arranged radially in said lifting wheel (2), the cells comprising load (6) an opening arranged in the front face (4) of the lifting wheel (2) and the rear face (7) of the latter being closed,
y porque las caras de las celdas de carga (6) más cercanas al eje de giro, están inclinadas axialmente,  and because the faces of the load cells (6) closest to the axis of rotation are inclined axially,
quedando inclinadas en la zona inferior de carga de la rueda elevadora (2) hacia el interior de dicha rueda elevadora (2), permitiendo la carga frontal, y depositándose la mercancía en el interior de la celda (2) por gravedad, ,  being inclined in the lower loading area of the lifting wheel (2) into said lifting wheel (2), allowing the front loading, and the merchandise being deposited inside the cell (2) by gravity,,
y quedando inclinadas en la zona superior de descarga de la rueda elevadora (2) hacia el exterior de dicha rueda elevadora (2), deslizando la mercancía hacia dicho exterior por gravedad, realizándose la descarga frontalmente sobre el transportador lineal de salida (3).  and being inclined in the upper unloading zone of the lifting wheel (2) towards the outside of said lifting wheel (2), the merchandise sliding towards said exterior by gravity, the discharge being carried out frontally on the linear output conveyor (3).
5. Sistema modular de auto-descarga de mercancía a granel transportada en bodegas de buques, según la reivindicación anterior, caracterizado porque las celdas de carga (6) están formadas por medio de una pluralidad de álabes dispuestos en la rueda elevadora (2) que compartimentan ésta en dichas celdas de carga (6). 5. Modular system for self-unloading of bulk merchandise transported in ship holds, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the load cells (6) are formed by means of a plurality of blades arranged in the lifting wheel (2) which They compartmentalize this in said load cells (6).
6. Sistema modular de auto-descarga de mercancía a granel transportada en bodegas de buques, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque comprende una tapa frontal (8) fija dispuesta en la cara frontal (4) de la rueda elevadora (2) comprendiendo dicha tapa frontal (8) a su vez 6. Modular system for self-unloading of bulk merchandise transported in ship holds, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a fixed front cover (8) arranged on the front face (4) of the lifting wheel (2) said front cover (8) comprising in turn
una abertura inferior (9) para la entrada de la mercancía desde el transportador lineal (1 ) a las celdas de carga (6) de la rueda elevadora (2),  a lower opening (9) for the entry of the goods from the linear conveyor (1) to the load cells (6) of the lifting wheel (2),
y una abertura superior (10) para la salida de la mercancía desde las celdas de carga (6) de la rueda elevadora (2) al transportador lineal de salida (3), impidiendo dicha tapa frontal (8) la salida de la mercancía por las aberturas de las celdas de carga (6) en la cara frontal (4) durante el ascenso de dichas celdas de carga (6) debido al giro de la rueda elevadora (2).  and an upper opening (10) for the exit of the merchandise from the load cells (6) of the lifting wheel (2) to the linear exit conveyor (3), said front cover (8) preventing the exit of the merchandise by the openings of the load cells (6) on the front face (4) during the rise of said load cells (6) due to the rotation of the lifting wheel (2).
7. Sistema modular de auto-descarga de mercancía a granel transportada en bodegas de buques, según la reivindicación anterior, caracterizado porque comprende medios de rodadura dispuestos entre la rueda elevadora (2) y la tapa frontal (8) que guían el movimiento relativo entre dicha rueda elevadora (2) y dicha tapa frontal (8) y eliminan la fricción entre ambas. 7. Modular system of self-unloading of bulk merchandise transported in ship holds, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises rolling means arranged between the lifting wheel (2) and the front cover (8) that guide the relative movement between said lifting wheel (2) and said front cover (8) and eliminate friction between them.
8. Sistema modular de auto-descarga de mercancía a granel transportada en bodegas de buques, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque en la zona de la bodega (1 1) en la que está dispuesto el transportador lineal (1 ) el fondo forma pendiente (13) a ambos lados del transportador lineal (1 ) y hacia éste, deslizando la mercancía de la bodega (11) por gravedad a dicho transportador lineal (1 ). 8. Modular system for self-unloading of bulk merchandise transported in ship holds, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the area of the warehouse (1 1) in which the linear conveyor (1) is arranged the bottom pending form (13) on both sides of the linear conveyor (1) and towards it, sliding the merchandise from the warehouse (11) by gravity to said linear conveyor (1).
9. Sistema modular de auto-descarga de mercancía a granel transportada en bodegas de buques, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque el transportador lineal (1) consiste en una cinta transportadora. 9. Modular system for self-unloading of bulk merchandise transported in ship holds, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the linear conveyor (1) consists of a conveyor belt.
10. Sistema modular de auto-descarga de mercancía a granel transportada en bodegas de buques, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 6, caracterizado porque el transportador lineal (1 ) consiste en un tornillo de Arquímedes. 10. Modular system for self-unloading of bulk merchandise transported in ship holds, according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the linear conveyor (1) consists of an Archimedes screw.
1 1. Sistema modular de auto-descarga dé mercancía a granel transportada en bodegas de buques, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque comprende un tejado dispuesto sobre el transportador lineal (1) que cubre éste y evita1 la presión de la mercancía de la bodega (11) sobre dicho transportador lineal (1). 1 1. Modular self-unloading system of bulk merchandise transported in ship holds, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a roof arranged on the linear conveyor (1) that covers it and prevents 1 the pressure of the merchandise of the warehouse (11) on said linear conveyor (1).
12. Sistema modular de auto-descarga de mercancía a granel transportada en bodegas de buques, según cualquiera de ias reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque comprende medios de vibración dispuestos en la estructura de la bodega que hacen vibrar la mercancía almacenada en ésta facilitando su acceso ai transportador linea! (1 ). 12. Modular system for self-unloading of bulk merchandise transported in ship holds, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises vibration means arranged in the structure of the warehouse that make the goods stored in it vibrate facilitating its access to the line conveyor! (one ).
13. Sistema modular de auto-descarga de mercancía a granel transportada en bodegas de buques, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque comprende unas balconadas (12) dispuestas entre la abertura superior (10) de la tapa frontal (8) y el transportador lineal de salida (3) de la mercancía, que recogen esta mercancía a su salida de las celdas de carga (6) y la reparten uniformemente sobre el transportador lineal de salida (3). 13. Modular system of self-unloading of bulk merchandise transported in ship holds, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises balconies (12) arranged between the upper opening (10) of the front cover (8) and the Linear outbound conveyor (3) of the merchandise, which collects this merchandise at its exit from the load cells (6) and distributes it evenly over the linear outbound conveyor (3).
14. Sistema modular de auto-descarga de mercancía a granel transportada en bodegas de buques, según cualquiera de ias reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque 14. Modular system for self-unloading of bulk merchandise transported in ship holds, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that
cada uno de ios módulos comprende  Each of the modules includes
un transportador lineal adicional (1 ') idéntico al transportador lineal (1 ) y paralelo a éste, que transporta la mercancía desde la bodega (11) hasta  an additional linear conveyor (1 ') identical to the linear conveyor (1) and parallel to it, which transports the merchandise from the warehouse (11) to
una rueda elevadora adicional (2') idéntica a la rueda elevadora (2), que comprende un eje de giro (5') paralelo al eje de giro (5) de aquella,  an additional lifting wheel (2 ') identical to the lifting wheel (2), comprising a rotation axis (5') parallel to the rotation axis (5) thereof,
porque el transportador linea! adicional (1') y la rueda elevadora adicional (2') están dispuestos simétricamente de! transportador lineal (1 ) y la rueda elevadora (2) con respecto al plano de crujía del buque, girando ambas ruedas (1,1 ') en sentidos opuestos, de tal forma que la parte cargada de dichas ruedas (1 ,1 ') está junto al plano de crujía.  because the conveyor line! additional (1 ') and the additional lifting wheel (2') are symmetrically arranged! linear conveyor (1) and the lifting wheel (2) with respect to the plane of the vessel, turning both wheels (1,1 ') in opposite directions, so that the loaded part of said wheels (1, 1') It is next to the crunch plane.
y porque el transportador lineal de salida (3) atraviesa la bodega (11 ) dé lado a lado y recorre las dos ruedas elevadoras (2,2') recibiendo la mercancía de éstas y transportándola hasta el puerto.  and because the linear output conveyor (3) crosses the warehouse (11) from side to side and runs through the two lifting wheels (2,2 ') receiving the merchandise from them and transporting it to the port.
15. Sistema modular de auto-descarga de mercancía a granel transportada en bodegas de buques, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque el transportador lineal de salida (3) comprende medios de variación del sentido de movimiento. 15. Modular system for self-unloading of bulk merchandise transported in ship holds, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the linear output conveyor (3) comprises means of varying the direction of movement.
16. Sistema modular de auto-descarga de mercancía a grane! transportada en bodegas de buques, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque comprende medios telescópicos de transporte dispuestos bajo el transportador lineal de salida (3) que comprenden al menos una cinta de salida adicional, los cuales aumentan la distancia horizontal del recorrido de la mercancía desde su salida de la rueda elevadora (2) hasta su depósito. 16. Modular system of self-unloading of merchandise in bulk! transported in ship holds, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises telescopic transport means arranged under the linear output conveyor (3) comprising at least one additional output belt, which increase the horizontal distance of the travel of the merchandise from its exit from the lifting wheel (2) to its warehouse.
PCT/ES2011/070862 2011-02-09 2011-12-14 Modular system for automatic unloading of bulk goods transported in ship holds WO2012107611A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ESP201130171 2011-02-09
ES201130171A ES2387286B2 (en) 2011-02-09 2011-02-09 MODULAR SYSTEM OF SELF-DISCHARGE OF GOODS IN BULK TRANSPORTED IN VESSELS OF VESSELS.

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB357346A (en) * 1930-08-19 1931-09-24 Robins Conveying Belt Co Improvements in or relating to cargo unloading apparatus for vessels
US4286909A (en) * 1978-04-12 1981-09-01 Ab Siwertell Apparatus for unloading bulk material from a storage space
ES8307636A1 (en) * 1981-11-20 1983-08-16 Orenstein & Koppel Ag A cargo ship discharge apparatus
EP0557072A1 (en) * 1992-02-19 1993-08-25 STRACHAN & HENSHAW LIMITED Discharging bulk materials
US5364218A (en) * 1993-06-16 1994-11-15 Skarhar, Inc. Bulk material conveyor unloading system for ships

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB357346A (en) * 1930-08-19 1931-09-24 Robins Conveying Belt Co Improvements in or relating to cargo unloading apparatus for vessels
US4286909A (en) * 1978-04-12 1981-09-01 Ab Siwertell Apparatus for unloading bulk material from a storage space
ES8307636A1 (en) * 1981-11-20 1983-08-16 Orenstein & Koppel Ag A cargo ship discharge apparatus
EP0557072A1 (en) * 1992-02-19 1993-08-25 STRACHAN & HENSHAW LIMITED Discharging bulk materials
US5364218A (en) * 1993-06-16 1994-11-15 Skarhar, Inc. Bulk material conveyor unloading system for ships

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ES2387286B2 (en) 2013-09-17

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