WO2012105864A1 - Procédé et dispositif de chauffage d'un liquide conducteur de courant et installation génératrice de chaleur - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de chauffage d'un liquide conducteur de courant et installation génératrice de chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012105864A1
WO2012105864A1 PCT/RU2011/000066 RU2011000066W WO2012105864A1 WO 2012105864 A1 WO2012105864 A1 WO 2012105864A1 RU 2011000066 W RU2011000066 W RU 2011000066W WO 2012105864 A1 WO2012105864 A1 WO 2012105864A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heating chamber
conductive fluid
heat
heating
specified
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2011/000066
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Владимир Константинович ВЛАДИМИРСКИЙ
Валентина Васильевна ВЛАДИМИРСКАЯ
Дмитрий Владимирович ВЛАДИМИРСКИЙ
Константин Владимирович ВЛАДИМИРСКИЙ
Original Assignee
Vladimirskiy Vladimir Konstantinovich
Vladimirskaya Valentina Vasilyevna
Vladimirskiy Dmitriy Vladimirovich
Vladimirskiy Konstantin Vladimirovich
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vladimirskiy Vladimir Konstantinovich, Vladimirskaya Valentina Vasilyevna, Vladimirskiy Dmitriy Vladimirovich, Vladimirskiy Konstantin Vladimirovich filed Critical Vladimirskiy Vladimir Konstantinovich
Priority to PCT/RU2011/000066 priority Critical patent/WO2012105864A1/fr
Publication of WO2012105864A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012105864A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D1/00—Steam central heating systems
    • F24D1/02—Steam central heating systems operating with live steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B15/00—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
    • F04B15/06—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts for liquids near their boiling point, e.g. under subnormal pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/28—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically
    • F22B1/284—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically with water in reservoirs
    • F22B1/285—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically with water in reservoirs the water being fed by a pump to the reservoirs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D10/00—District heating systems
    • F24D10/003—Domestic delivery stations having a heat exchanger
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/17—District heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of energy, and in particular to methods and technical means for heating and pumping conductive fluids, and can be used in electrode steam pumps (heart rate monitors) designed for pumping and pumping conductive fluids in heating systems and hot water supply, in various production processes, in particular, in chemical production, as well as in various machines and installations for special purposes.
  • electrode steam pumps heart rate monitors
  • the invention also relates to a power system, namely to heat-generating plants and can be used in heating systems and hot water supply of buildings and structures, as well as in various production processes, machines and plants.
  • a known method of heating and injection of a conductive fluid using an electrode sealed heating chamber with inlet and outlet check valves including heating the source conductive fluid to a boil with the formation of steam above the conductive fluid, displacing the heated conductive fluid into the discharge line through the outlet of the specified chamber and the exhaust check valve under the influence of the pressure of the specified pair with the power off of the electrodes of the heating chamber after being displaced from after days of liquid, condensation of steam with the formation of a vacuum in the heating chamber and filling the source of conductive fluid from the line of its supply to the heating chamber through the inlet of the last and inlet check valve under the influence of the specified discharge, and the above-mentioned heating of the source of conductive fluid is carried out by passing electric current through it, passing between the electrodes of the heating chamber, while controlling the on and off power of these electrodes is carried out at using a control electrode located in a heating chamber, which is configured to adjust the level of its inlet and outlet openings relative to the bottom of said chamber (USSR copyright certificate Jfe
  • the disadvantage of this method is the difficulty of controlling the working electrodes and the difficulty of controlling the temperature and flow rate of the liquid in the discharge line.
  • the closest in technical essence to the claimed method is the prototype method of heating and injecting conductive liquid, for example, water using a sealed electrode heating chamber with a vertical or close to vertical tubular body, inlet and outlet check valves, zero electrode and at least , one internal phase electrode, including passing an alternating electric current between the zero and phase electrodes through located in the heating chambers f conductive liquid with heating of the latter to a boil with the formation of steam over the conductive fluid, displacement of the heated conductive fluid from the heating chamber to the discharge line through the outlet Check valve under the influence of steam pressure, condensation of steam in the heating chamber with the formation of a vacuum in the latter and filling the heating chamber with conductive fluid through the inlet check valve under the action of the specified vacuum (USSR copyright certificate N ° 1820046, IPC 5 F04F 1/04, publ. 06/07/1993).
  • conductive liquid for example, water using a sealed electrode heating chamber with a vertical or close to vertical tubular body, inlet and outlet check valves, zero electrode and at least , one internal phase
  • a device for implementing the method of heating and injection of conductive fluid containing filled with conductive fluid sealed electrode heating chamber with a vertical housing, bottom, cover, phase, zero and control electrodes connected to its lower part with the supply line of the source conductive fluid through a vertical inlet pipe and inlet non-return valve and with a discharge line of heated conductive fluid - through the vertical outlet pipe and the outlet valve, the upper ends of said nozzles are located above the bottom of the heating chamber, which is adapted to adjust the level of the upper ends of said pipes with respect to its bottom (the above mentioned USSR Inventor's Certificate N ° 1532776).
  • a disadvantage of the known device is the complexity of its design and the resulting low reliability.
  • the closest in technical essence to the claimed device is a prototype device for heating and injecting conductive liquid, for example, water, containing a sealed electrode heating chamber filled with conductive liquid with a vertical or close to a vertical tubular body, bottom, cover, at least one an internal phase electrode and an outlet, connected by its upper part through the inlet check valve to the supply line of the source conductive fluid and the lower part - through its outlet and outlet check valve with a discharge line of heated conductive fluid, while the casing of the heating chamber serves as a zero electrode (USSR author's certificate N ° 1820046 mentioned above).
  • conductive liquid for example, water
  • the phase electrode passes along the entire height of the heating chamber, which leads to the following disadvantages of the prototype.
  • the process of heating the liquid in this device is carried out simultaneously in the entire volume of the conductive liquid filling the working cavity of the heating chamber, which requires a lot of time to heat the liquid to the boiling point necessary to start vaporization and subsequent displacement of the liquid from the heating chamber to the discharge line.
  • the low heating rate of the liquid leads to a low frequency of operating cycles in the heating chamber and, accordingly, a low volumetric flow of heated fluid to the discharge line (i.e. low productivity of the device, like a pump), which limits the scope of the known device.
  • the outlet of the heating chamber is located above its bottom at a considerable distance from the latter, which reduces the reliability of the known device, since it creates the possibility of steam from the heating chamber to the discharge line.
  • the latter causes an undesirable pulsation of the pressure of the conductive liquid, which disrupts the normal operation of the device.
  • a common disadvantage of the known methods of heating and injection of a conductive fluid and known devices for heating and injection of a conductive fluid are also large losses of heat released into the environment through the structural elements of the heating chamber, in particular through its body, bottom and cover. These heat losses lead to irrational energy costs for heating and injecting conductive fluid, reducing the efficiency and, accordingly, the efficiency of the device for heating and injecting conductive fluid.
  • the technical essence is the heat-generating installation adopted for the prototype, mainly for heating, containing a heat exchanger and a device for heating and pumping a conductive fluid, for example, water, with a feed line for the source conductive fluid, the input of which is connected to the output of the heat exchanger, and a line pumping a heated conductive fluid, the output of which is connected to the input of the heat exchanger, while the device for heating and forcing the current
  • a driving fluid is designed as a fluid-filled conductive electrode hermetic heating chamber with a vertical tubular body serving as a zero electrode, a bottom, a lid, and a phase electrode located inside said body longitudinally with respect to the latter.
  • the lower end of the phase electrode is located above the bottom of the heating chamber, and the outlet of the latter is located near the lower end of the phase electrode and at a distance from the bottom of the heating chamber, which is connected by its upper part through the inlet check valve to the supply line of the source conductive fluid, and the lower part through the exhaust check valve with the discharge line of the heated conductive fluid (USSR copyright certificate Ns 1751619, IPC 5 F24H 1/20, published on July 30, 1992).
  • the unplaced part of the heated liquid remains, and therefore, the indicated zone of the heating chamber is an inoperative zone, and the energy used to heat the unplaced part of the liquid remaining in the bottom zone of the heating chamber is , in essence, unproductive (useless) costs and relate to losses that reduce the efficiency of work and, accordingly, the efficiency of the known heat-generating installation.
  • the location of the outlet of the heating chamber near the lower end of the phase electrode and at a distance from the bottom of the specified chamber reduces the reliability of the heat-generating installation, since it creates the possibility of breakthrough steam from the heating chamber to the discharge line when the voltage on the electrodes of the heating chamber rises above a predetermined value / or the magnitude of the current between them.
  • the latter causes an undesirable pulsation of the pressure of the conductive fluid, which disrupts the normal operation of the installation.
  • the objective of the present invention is to increase the efficiency of the process of heating and injection of a conductive fluid and to increase the efficiency and reliability of the device for heating and injection of a conductive fluid, and thereby increase the efficiency and reliability of the heat generating installation in which the specified device is used, while reducing weight and dimensions specified installation.
  • the mass of the bottom of the heating chamber is set in accordance with the expression:
  • S is the cross-sectional area of the working cavity of the heating chamber
  • h is the height of the column of conductive fluid in the working cavity of the heating chamber at the time of termination of transmission of electric current through the conductive fluid
  • V 3 the volume of phase electrodes and parts of their electrode holders located in the conductive fluid at the time of termination of the passage of electric current through the conductive fluid;
  • C is the specific heat of the metal from which the bottom, body, cover, phase electrodes and electrode holders of the heating chamber are made;
  • At] is the magnitude of the temperature change in the heating chamber
  • ⁇ 2 the magnitude of the change in temperature of the bottom of the heating chamber when it is heated from an external source of thermal energy to maintain the temperature of the conductive liquid not lower than its boiling point.
  • the phase electrodes are placed in the heating chamber so that the lower ends of these electrodes are facing to the bottom of the heating chamber, wherein the electrodes perform phase with a total surface area of S 3, their lower ends being selected from the condition 0.4 ⁇ S3 / S ⁇ 0.9, and the distance h 3 m I wait for the lower ends of the phase electrodes and the bottom of the heating chamber to be set from the condition 0.10 ⁇ Pe / H ⁇ 0.35, where H is the height of the working cavity of the heating chamber, and the heating chamber is made with a cylindrical shape of its working cavity, the height H and diameter d of which correspond to the condition 1.0 ⁇ H / d ⁇ 2.0.
  • hydraulic back-up is created by throttling the flow of conductive fluid with the possibility of maintaining it in the heating chamber during ousting conductive fluid from it to a steam pressure injection line sufficient in magnitude for said ousting of conductive fluid.
  • the electrodes of the heating chamber are provided with a power and control unit, and the heating chamber is equipped with a level sensor of conductive liquid installed in its upper part at a height relative to the bottom of the heating chamber, component 0.7-1.0 of the height of the working cavity of the latter, and connected by its output to the input of the specified power supply and control unit, which is configured to switching on and turning on the power of the phase electrodes upon receipt of a signal from the sensor about the passage of the specified sensor by the level
  • the mass of the bottom of the heating chamber is set in accordance with the expression:
  • S is the cross-sectional area of the working cavity of the heating chamber
  • h is the height of the column of conductive fluid in the working cavity of the heating chamber at the time of the aforementioned power failure of the phase electrodes;
  • V 3 the volume of the phase electrodes and parts of their electrode holders located in the conductive liquid at the time the level sensor is triggered to turn off the power of the phase electrodes;
  • C is the specific heat of the metal from which the bottom, body, cover, phase electrodes and electrode holders of the heating chamber are made;
  • ⁇ is the magnitude of the temperature change in the heating chamber
  • ⁇ 2 is the magnitude of the change in the temperature of the bottom of the heating chamber when it is heated from an external source of thermal energy to maintain the temperature of the conductive fluid not lower than its boiling point.
  • the heating chamber is configured to create in its bottom part of the zone of intense electric heating of the conductive liquid, located between the bottom of the heating chamber and the lower ends of the phase electrodes, for which the bottom of the heating chamber serves as a zero electrode, and the phase electrodes are placed in the heating chamber so that the lower ends of these electrodes are facing the bottom of the heating chamber, with the total surface area S 3 of the surface of the lower ends phase electrodes is selected from the condition 0.4 ⁇ Sa / S ⁇ 0.9, and the distance h 3 between the lower ends of the phase electrodes and the bottom of the heating chamber is set from the condition 0.10 Pe / N ⁇ 0.35, where N is the height of the working strip ty of the heating chamber, and the heating chamber is made with a cylindrical shape of its working cavity, the height H and diameter d of which correspond to the condition 1.0 ⁇ H / d ⁇ 2.0.
  • a booster throttle can be installed in the discharge line, located after the outlet check valve in the direction of the conductive fluid and close to the specified valve and made with a cross section tapering in the direction of the conductive fluid, while the hydraulic resistance of the retaining throttle is set to maintain the heating chamber in the process of displacing conductive fluid from it into the steam pressure injection line, sufficient in magnitude to indicate nnogo displacement conductive liquid.
  • the latter When performing the specified external source of thermal energy in the form of an electric heater, the latter can be connected to its power source through a control thermostat, while a temperature sensor is installed on the bottom of the heating chamber, the output of which is connected to the input of the specified thermostat.
  • outlet of the heating chamber is expediently made in the bottom of the latter, preferably on the axis of said chamber, or in the housing of the latter, adjacent to the bottom of the heating chamber.
  • the heating chamber can be equipped with a heat-insulating casing, and the exhaust check valve can be made with the force of its opening, adjustable depending on the magnitude of the hydraulic resistance of the discharge line.
  • the inner surface of the bottom of the heating chamber can be made conical with the apex of the cone facing down, while the outlet of the heating chamber and the conical surface of its bottom can be made, preferably coaxially with each other and with the housing of the heating chamber.
  • the outlet check valve can be placed in the bottom of the heating chamber, preferably coaxially with the outlet of the latter, with the possibility of overlapping the outlet of the specified opening.
  • the solution of the problem in relation to the invention relating to a heat generating installation is achieved by the fact that in a heat generating installation intended primarily for heating, and containing a heat exchanger and a device for heating and pumping a conductive fluid, for example, water, with a supply line of the source conductive fluid, the input of which is connected to the outlet of the heat exchanger, and the discharge line of the heated conductive fluid, the output of which is connected to the input of the heat exchanger, according to paragraph 16 of the formula invented
  • a device for heating and injecting a conductive fluid is made according to any one of claims 5-15, and a liquid-liquid type heat exchanger with a heating circuit and a heated medium circuit connected to a heat-consuming device equipped with a hot coolant supply line and a line is used as a heat exchanger.
  • the heating medium circuit is connected by its input and output, respectively, to the output of the said discharge line and to the input of the said supply line liquid, and the circuit of the heated medium is connected by its input and output, respectively, to the cold coolant drain line from the heat-consuming device and the hot coolant supply line to the heat-consuming device.
  • the installation can be equipped with a storage tank with a gas cavity and a hydraulic cavity separated from the latter by means of a movable separator, which is located above the gas cavity and connected at its upper level through a vertically located channel to the aforementioned line for supplying the source conductive fluid close to the inlet return a valve of said device for heating and pumping a conductive fluid, wherein the movable separator of the storage tank may be in the form of a membrane or a piston, or a bellows.
  • the installation can be equipped with a device for automatic gas removal, including a self-acting check valve, the input of which is connected to the internal cavity of the heating chamber of the device for heating and injection of conductive fluid at the upper level of the specified cavity, and an automatic gas vent connected to the output of the specified check valve by its inlet , which contains a horizontally located saddle with a hole for the passage of conductive fluid and a shutter mounted under the specified saddle ohm with the possibility of closing the last hole, while the mass, geometric shape and dimensions of the specified shutter are selected so as to ensure the open position of the specified valve when air or gaseous products come from the heating chamber.
  • a device for automatic gas removal including a self-acting check valve, the input of which is connected to the internal cavity of the heating chamber of the device for heating and injection of conductive fluid at the upper level of the specified cavity, and an automatic gas vent connected to the output of the specified check valve by its inlet , which contains a horizontally located saddle with a hole for the passage of conductive fluid and a shutter mounted
  • the installation can also be equipped with a device for automatic recharge of coolant, made in the form of a hydraulic accumulator, and a pressure stabilization device through which the device for automatic recharge of coolant is connected to the aforementioned supply line of the source conductive fluid, while the pressure stabilization device can be made, preferably, in the form of a bypass valve with the ability to maintain a given pressure in the specified line.
  • the installation can be equipped with a safety valve connected to the internal cavity of the heating chamber and configured for a given maximum pressure in the specified cavity, as well as a safety valve connected to the discharge line and configured for a given maximum pressure in the latter.
  • the installation can also be equipped with a sludge trap installed in the aforementioned line of injection of conductive fluid, and at the upper points of the said supply line of the source of conductive fluid can be installed automatic gas vents.
  • temperature sensors the outputs of which connected to the said power and control unit, configured to turn off the power of the phase electrodes of the heating chamber when the temperature of the initial conductive liquid at the input of the supply line of the latter to the heating chamber or the temperature of the hot coolant in the supply line of the latter to the heat-consuming device exceeds a predetermined maximum value and with the possibility subsequent power-up of the phase electrodes of the heating chamber after lowering the specified temperature ref conductive and discharge the hot coolant fluid to a predetermined minimum value.
  • a temperature sensor can be installed in a room heated with a heat-consuming device, the output of which is connected to the aforementioned power and control unit, configured to turn off the power of the phase electrodes of the heating chamber when the air temperature in the specified room rises above a predetermined maximum value and with the possibility of subsequent power-up of the phase electrodes of the heating chamber after reducing the specified air temperature to a predetermined minimum value.
  • the installation can be equipped with a small-sized autonomous power source for the phase electrodes of the heating chamber connected to the power supply and control unit and designed for a given operating time of the heating chamber at sudden power failure of the main power source of these electrodes.
  • the technical result obtained in the practical use of the invention is to reduce the cost of electricity for heating and injection of conductive fluid, provided due to the intermittent power supply of the phase electrodes of the heating chamber with the termination and resumption of transmission of electric current through the conductive fluid, respectively, at the beginning of its displacement from the heating chamber and at the end of filling the heating chamber with conductive liquid, as well as by performing the bottom of the heating minutes massive chamber of a material with high specific heat and high thermal conductivity and capacity in the heating chamber is reversibly heat exchange between the conductive liquid and the bottom of said chamber to the inlet to the bottom of the heating chamber from an external low power a source of thermal energy of an amount of heat sufficient to maintain a temperature in the conductive liquid not lower than the boiling point of the specified liquid, and to ensure further displacement of the conductive liquid from the heating chamber after the cessation of transmission of electric current through it only with the help of the vapor pressure energy generated above the conductive liquid for account specified maintaining the temperature of the latter.
  • the exclusion of electric heating of the conductive fluid during its displacement from the heating chamber after the cessation of transmission of electric current through the fluid provides the specified reduction in energy costs.
  • the technical result is an increase in the volumetric supply of heated liquid to the discharge line (i.e., the productivity of a device like a pump), which is ensured by creating in the bottom part of the heating chamber between the bottom of the last and lower ends of the phase electrodes a zone of intense electric heating of the conductive liquid, allowing to reduce the time of heating the liquid to the boiling point necessary to start vaporization and subsequent displacement of the liquid from the heating chamber to the discharge line, which, in turn, allows you to increase the frequency of duty cycles in the heating chamber and, accordingly, the indicated volumetric flow of heated fluid into the discharge line.
  • An increase in the volumetric supply of heated liquid at the device outlet (in the discharge line) is also ensured by the effective use of the entire working volume of the heating chamber in it, which is achieved by providing the possibility of displacing the conductive fluid from the entire working cavity of the heating chamber.
  • an increase in the volumetric supply of heated liquid to the discharge line expands the scope of the device and, at the same time, reduces the specific cost of electricity for heating and injection of conductive fluid per unit volume (e.g. 1 m) of heated liquid coming from the heating chamber to the discharge line.
  • the reduction of the cost of electricity for heating and injection of conductive fluid is also achieved by eliminating the inherent in the prototype of the claimed device of irrational costs of electricity for heating and injection of conductive fluid lost due to the loss of heat leaving in the device known from the prototype into the environment through the walls of the heating chamber.
  • the specified reduction in the cost of electricity for heating and injection of conductive fluid achieved through the use of intermittent transmission of electric current through the conductive fluid, creating a reversible heat transfer process between the conductive fluid and the bottom of the specified chamber in the heating chamber with the supply of heat to the bottom of the heating chamber from an external source of thermal energy to maintain the temperature of the conductive fluid not lower than its boiling point, as well as by creating constant part of the heating zone an intensive electric heating chamber of conductive liquid and exclusion of heat leak through the heating chamber wall into the environment, according to the calculated data may be not less than 40% of the electricity consumption, which occur in the prior art of the claimed device.
  • This provides a significant increase in the efficiency of the process of heating and injection of a conductive fluid and an increase in the operating efficiency and, accordingly, the efficiency of a device for heating and injection of a conductive fluid, thereby increasing the efficiency and efficiency of a heat generating installation in which the said device is the main working body.
  • Another technical result is the elimination of the need for a place in the prototype of the claimed device for installing electrodes to the entire height of the heating chamber with a tight passage of the phase electrode through the cover and bottom of the heating chamber, which simplifies the design and manufacture of the device and reduces its weight and cost.
  • This increases the reliability of the device by eliminating the inherent prototype of the possibility of violating the tightness of the bottom of the heating chamber at the passage through it of a phase electrode.
  • the technical result is the exclusion during operation of the device for heating and injection of conductive fluid, the possibility of steam entering the discharge line of the heated conductive fluid and the elimination of the undesirable pressure pulsation in the specified line, which also improves the reliability of the specified device and, accordingly , increasing the reliability of the heat generating installation.
  • Providing the heat-generating installation with a device for automatically feeding coolant, a device for automatic gas removal, a pressure stabilization device, safety valves and a sludge trap enables efficient, safe and reliable operation of the installation in automatic mode without the presence of maintenance personnel.
  • supplying the installation with a power and control unit and temperature sensors makes it possible to optimize the energy costs of the installation by automatically maintaining the set temperature of the coolant in the supply line of the source conductive fluid, and / or at the inlet of the heat-consuming device, and / or air temperature in a room heated by this heat-consuming device.
  • supplying the installation with a small-sized autonomous power source, designed for a given time of operation of the heating chamber provides the possibility of operation of the installation during the specified time in the event of a sudden outage of the main power supply of the working electrodes of the heating chamber.
  • the claimed device for heating and injecting a conductive fluid is used to implement the claimed method of heating and injecting a conductive fluid
  • the method and device of the present invention taken together form a single inventive concept, since they are aimed at solving the same problem - increasing the efficiency of the heating and injecting conductive liquids and increasing the efficiency and reliability of the device for heating and pumping conductive liquid and allow one to obtain a different technical result is a reduction in the cost of electricity for heating and pumping a conductive fluid.
  • these method and device meet the requirement of unity of invention.
  • the claimed device is used as part of the whole in the claimed heat-generating installation and at the same time forms together with the latter a single inventive concept, since the use of the claimed device in the specified installation gives the latter positive technical qualities inherent in the claimed device, namely: increasing the efficiency and reliability of the proposed installation by increasing the efficiency and reliability of the work included as part of the whole claimed device, as well as reducing the mass and dimensions of the claimed installation by reducing the weight and dimensions of the claimed device.
  • the specified device and installation also meet the requirement of the unity of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a General view of a device for heating and pumping a conductive fluid
  • FIG. 2 is an embodiment of the lower part of the heating chamber of the device with a discharge valve integrated in the bottom;
  • - Fig.Z is a general view of a heat generating installation
  • FIG. 4 is a section aa in Fig.Z;
  • FIG. 5 is a device for automatic gas removal.
  • a device for heating and injecting a conductive fluid comprises a sealed electrode heating chamber 1 (FIG. 1) with an internal working cavity 2 filled with a conductive fluid, for example, water, a tubular body 3 installed in a vertical or close to vertical position, bottom 4, a cover 5, an outlet 6, a zero electrode 7 and one or more phase electrodes 8.
  • the zero electrode 7 is equipped with a zero terminal 9 connected to ground (not shown), and each of the phase electrode Ovs 8 is installed inside the housing 3 and mounted on a longitudinal electrode holder 10, equipped with a phase terminal 1 1 and an insulating sleeve 12.
  • the heating chamber 1 is connected with its upper part through the inlet check valve 13 to the line 14 for supplying the initial conductive fluid, and the lower part through the outlet 6 x and an exhaust check valve 15 with a discharge line 16 for the injection of heated conductive fluid.
  • the outlet 6 of the heating chamber 1 is made in the bottom 4 of the latter (Fig.2,3), preferably on the axis of the chamber 1, or in the housing 3 of the latter (Fig. 1) adjacent to the bottom 4 of the heating chamber 1.
  • the cover 5 can be made of durable and heat-resistant dielectric material or metal.
  • the heating chamber 1 is configured to intermittently power the phase electrodes 8, for which the electrodes 7 and 8 are equipped with a power supply and control unit 17, to which the zero 9 and phase 11 terminals of the indicated electrodes are connected, and the heating chamber 1 is equipped with a sensor 18 of a level of conductive liquid installed in its upper part at a height h relative to the bottom 4, comprising 0.7-1.0 height H of the working cavity 2 of the heating chamber 1, and p By connecting its output to the input of the power and control unit 17.
  • the power and control unit 17 is configured to turn off and turn on the power of the phase electrodes 8 when a signal is received from the level sensor 18 that the level of the conductive liquid has passed through the specified sensor, respectively, when the conductive fluid is forced out of heating chamber 1 and when filling with the last conductive fluid.
  • the power supply and control unit 17 is configured to supply the phase electrodes 8 with alternating electric current and may have one working phase “A” at its output (FIG. 3) - when one or more phase electrodes are installed in the heating chamber 1 for 8 s single-phase power supply or three working phases “A”, “B” and “C” - when three or more phase electrodes 8 with three-phase power are installed in the heating chamber 1.
  • the minimum value of the indicated height h is set equal to 0.7 of the height H of the working cavity 2, taking into account the fact that with a decrease in height h below 0.7 N, the energy consumption for supplying the phase electrodes 8 sharply increases without a significant increase in the temperature of the conductive liquid and / or its bulk feed to the discharge line 16.
  • the heating chamber 1 structural measures are provided that allow the conductive fluid to be displaced from the working cavity 2 in the absence of electrical heating of the conductive fluid, which takes place after the level sensor 18 is activated to turn off the power of the phase electrodes 8.
  • the heating chamber 1 is designed to allow reverse heat exchange between the conductive liquid and bottom 4 with the transfer of heat from the conductive liquid to the bottom 4 in the process of passing an electric current through t conductive liquid until the level 18 sensor trips to turn off the power of the phase electrodes 8 and transfers heat in the opposite direction - from the bottom 4 to the conductive liquid when the level drops last after the level 18 sensor goes off to turn off the power of the phase electrodes 8.
  • the bottom 4 is equipped with an external a source of thermal energy 19, the thermal power of which is several times less than the thermal power generated by passing current between the electrodes 7 and 8.
  • the source 19 is preferably made in de flat electric heater mounted on the outer surface of the bottom 4 preferably from the bottom side of the latter.
  • the bottom 4 is made massive of a material with high specific heat capacity and high thermal conductivity, and the mass of the bottom 4 when designing the device is set to the maximum possible value, based on the specified overall and weight parameters of the device.
  • the mass of the bottom 4 and the specific heat of the material used for its manufacture, as well as the thermal power of the external heat source 19 are set on the basis of calculated and / or experimental data with the possibility of transferring from the bottom 4 to the conductive liquid enough heat to maintain the temperature of the specified liquid is not lower than its boiling point after the level sensor 18 is triggered to turn off the power of the phase electrodes 8 at the minimum energy consumption of the heat source 19 ii.
  • Q K is the amount of heat accumulated in the housing 3, the cover 5, the phase electrodes 8 and their electrode on the holders 10 until the level sensor 18 responds to power off the phase electrodes 8;
  • q is the amount of heat received by the bottom 4 from an external source of thermal energy 19 to maintain the temperature of the conductive liquid not lower than its boiling point;
  • k the coefficient of heat loss determined theoretically and / or experimentally, taking into account the amount of heat lost as a result of its dissipation during heat exchange between the conductive fluid and the structural elements of the heating chamber 1. According to the calculated data, the value of k ranges from 0.01-0.05 in depending on the degree of thermal insulation of the heating chamber 1.
  • expression (1) takes the following form:
  • ⁇ is the magnitude of the temperature change in the heating chamber 1;
  • the mass of liquid included in expression (2) is determined by the expression:
  • S is the cross-sectional area of the working cavity 2 of the heating chamber 1;
  • V 3 is the volume of the phase electrodes 8 and parts of their electrode holders 10 located in the conductive liquid at the moment the level sensor 18 is triggered to turn off the power of the phase electrodes 8.
  • the set value of the mass of the bottom 4 should correspond to the following condition:
  • M d [(1 + k) (Sh-V 3 ) p C) K / c - (1 -k) M K ] / (l -k + At 2 / At. (4)
  • the heating chamber 1 with one axial phase electrode 8 (Fig. 1), having a diameter and a cross-sectional area S of the cavity 2, respectively 90 mm and 6359 mm, a height H of the working cavity 2, equal to 170 mm, and a height h of installing the level sensor 18 relative to the bottom 4, equal to 150 mm, which is 0.88 N.
  • the bottom 4 is made of steel with a specific heat capacity of 0.50 kJ / (kg ° C), and water with a density of 10 "6 kg / mm 3 and a specific heat capacity equal to 4.18 kJ / (kg ° C).
  • the value of the change in temperature At in the heating chamber 1 will be set equal to 135 ° C, and the value of the change in temperature At 2 of the bottom 4 as a result of its heating from the source 19 is equal to 20 ° C. Substituting the specified parameters into expression (4) and taking the heat loss coefficient to equal 0.02, we find the required value of the mass of the bottom 4 for such a heating chamber - M d > 1, 52 kg.
  • the heating chamber 1 is configured to create a bottom part zone 20 of intense electric heating of the conductive fluid located between the bottom 4 and the lower ends of the phase electrodes 8.
  • the bottom 4 of the heating chamber 1 serves as the zero electrode 7 with or without the housing 3, and the phase electrodes 8 are placed in the heating chamber 1 so that the lower ends of the indicated electrodes face the bottom 4.
  • the total surface area S 3 of the lower ends of the phase electrodes 8 is selected from the condition 0.4 ⁇ Sa S ⁇ 0.9
  • the distance h 3 between the lower ends of the phase electrodes 8 and the bottom 4 is specified from ovium 0.10 1 g / N ⁇ 0.35
  • the heating chamber 1 is made with a cylindrical shape of its working cavity 2, the height H and diameter d of which correspond to the condition 1.0 ⁇ H / d ⁇ 2.0.
  • the total surface area S 3 of the surface of the lower ends of the phase electrodes 7 is selected from the condition 0.4 ⁇ S 3 / S ⁇ 0.9, taking into account the fact that when S 3 ⁇ 0.4S, the rate of heating of the liquid in the cavity 2 of chamber 1 decreases sharply, and when S 3 > 0.9S sharply increases the hydraulic resistance created by the phase electrodes 7 in the path of movement of the heated liquid and steam from the bottom zone 20 of intense electric heating of the conductive liquid to the upper part of the working cavity 2 of the chamber 1, which slows down the heat transfer process between the heated liquid in the zone 20, and colder liquid located above the phase electrodes 8, and ultimately also leads to a decrease in the rate of heating of the liquid in the cavity 2 of the chamber 1 and, at the same time, to a decrease in the temperature of the liquid at the outlet of the device in the discharge line 16.
  • the decrease in the rate of heating of the liquid in the cavity 2 of the chamber 1 increases the time of heating the liquid to boiling and the time of displacement of the liquid from the cavity 2 to the discharge line 16, which leads to a decrease in the frequency of working cycles of displacement of the liquid from the chamber 1 and, accordingly, to a decrease in the volumetric supply of heated liquid to iniyu discharge 16.
  • increased fluid heating time and the boiling time and the displacement fluid from the cavity 2 causes an increase in electricity consumption for heating and whipping the conductive liquid.
  • the indicated decrease in the volumetric supply of heated liquid and an increase in the cost of electricity causes a decrease in the efficiency of the device.
  • the height H and the diameter d of the working cavity 2 of the heating chamber 1 are set from the condition 1.0 ⁇ H / d ⁇ 2.0, taking into account that when H / d> 2.0, the replacement time of the cold conductive liquid located in the upper part of the working cavity 2, a hot conductive fluid rising from the area 20 of intensive heating of the conductive fluid, which, as well as at S 3 > 0.9S, slows down the heat transfer process between the heated fluid in zone 20 and the colder fluid above phase electrodes 8, and ultimately lead leads to a decrease in the rate of heating of the liquid in the working cavity 2 of the chamber 1 and, accordingly, to a decrease in the frequency of the operating cycles of displacing the liquid from the chamber 1 and the volumetric supply of heated liquid to the discharge line 16.
  • a backup throttle 21 is installed in the discharge line 16, located downstream of the exhaust valve 15 conductive fluid and close to the specified valve.
  • the throttle 21 is made in the form of a jet with a cross section tapering in the direction of movement of the conductive fluid. The taper angle of the tapering part of the throttle 21 and the diameter of the outlet opening next to the tapering part are selected by calculation and / or experimentally with the above-mentioned vapor pressure in the working cavity 2.
  • the latter is connected to its power source (for example, to the mains) through a control thermostat 22, which serves to adjust the thermal power of the source 19.
  • the thermostat 22 is equipped with a temperature sensor 23 mounted on the bottom 4 of the heating chamber 1 and connected by its output to the input of the thermostat 22.
  • the most important structural parameters of the heating chamber 1 for carrying out the invention are the mass of the bottom 4 of the heating chamber 1, the height H and the diameter d of the working cavity 2, the ratio H / d, the height h at which the level sensor 18 is installed relative to the bottom 4, the distance h 3 between the lower ends of the phase electrodes 8 and the bottom 4 of the heating chamber 1, the ratio of the total area S 3 of the lower ends of the phase electrodes 8 to the cross-sectional area S of the working cavity 2 of the chamber 1, containing the volume of the zone 20 intense electric heating, the entire volume of the working cavity 2 of the heating chamber 1 containing the conductive fluid, the wall thickness of the housing 3, the bottom of the 4th cover 5 of the heating chamber 1 if the specific heat capacity of the material from which the housing 3, the bottom 4 and the cover 5 are made.
  • the heating chamber 1 is equipped with a heat-insulating casing 24, which reduces the cost of electricity for heating and injection of the conductive fluid, the conductivity of the conductive fluid, the specific heat of the material from which the bottom 4, the housing 3 and the cover 5 of the heating chamber 1, the hydraulic resistance of the outlet 6 of the heating chamber 1, exhaust valve 15, throttle 21 and discharge line 16, the magnitude of the opening force of the exhaust valve 15 and the above geometric parameters of the heating chamber 1, including the distance b e between the lower ends of the phase electrodes 8 and the bottom 4 of the chamber 1, are set with the expectation of ensuring a given temperature and / or pressure, and / or volumetric supply of conductive fluid to discharge line 16 with minimal energy consumption for heating the conductive fluid in the working cavity 2 of the heating chamber 1 and for pumping the specified fluid from the cavity 2 into the discharge line 16 at a given value hydraulic resistance to the flow of heated conductive fluid provided from the side of the discharge line 16.
  • the heating chamber 1 is equipped with a heat-insulating casing 24, which reduce
  • the exhaust valve 15 can be made with adjustable within the specified limits the force of its opening.
  • the valve 15 can be configured to adjust the preload of its spring 25 (figure 2) due to the axial movement of the support 26 of the last using a rotating handle 27 connected by an axis 28 to a support 26, while the axis 28 has a threaded connection with the lower part of the housing 29 of the valve 15 and is equipped with a locking lock nut 30.
  • the inner surface 31 (FIG. 2) of the bottom 4 can be made conical with the top of the cone facing downward, with the outlet 6 of the heating chamber 1 and the conical surface 31 the bottoms 4 are made coaxially with each other and with the housing 3 of the heating chamber 1.
  • the exhaust valve 15 can be placed in the bottom 4, preferably coaxially with the outlet 6, with the possibility of overlapping them in 6 hole course.
  • the electrodes 7 and 8 are made of stainless steel or any other electrically conductive material that is resistant to various types of aggressive conductive fluids and to all types of electrocorrosion (especially to intergranular corrosion), and the insulating sleeves 12 of the electrode holders 10 are made of dielectric structural material resistant to aggressive liquids and high temperature, for example, from fluoroplastic, polycrystalline polymers (according to iefirefirketon - tekapik) used at high temperatures (up to 300 ° C), etc.
  • the housing 3 of the heating chamber 1 can be made cylindrical or with a different geometric shape.
  • the housing 3 may be made with a cross section in the form of an ellipse or triangle, or rectangle, or polygon (not shown).
  • the shape of the lower ends of the phase electrodes 8 can also be different, for example, round, ellipse, triangular, rectangular, polygonal, etc.
  • the described device for heating and pumping a conductive fluid can be used for its intended purpose in the heat generating installation shown in Fig. 3, designed primarily for systems heating.
  • said installation comprises the above-described device for heating and forcing a conductive liquid, for example, water, connected by lines 14 and 16 to a heat exchanger 32, to which a heat-consuming device 33 is also connected, made, for example, in the form of one or more heating radiators, boilers, heating and ventilation apparatus, underfloor heating, etc. and provided with a hot coolant supply line 34 and a cold coolant exhaust line 35.
  • the heat exchanger 32 is made in the form of a dual-circuit non-contact liquid-liquid heat exchanger (for example, in the form of a surface heat exchanger countercurrent heat exchanger) with a heating circuit 36 and a heated medium circuit 37.
  • the heating medium circuit 36 is connected by its input 38 and output 39, respectively, to lines 16 and 14, and the heated medium circuit (for example, water) 37 is connected by its input 40 and output 41, respectively, to lines 35 and 34.
  • the installation is equipped with a storage tank 42 with a gas cavity 43 and separated from it by means of a movable separator 44, a hydraulic cavity 45, filled with a coolant in the form of a conductive fluid.
  • the hydraulic cavity 45 is located above the gas cavity 43 and is connected at its upper level through a vertically located channel 46 to the line 14 for supplying the source conductive fluid close to the inlet check valve 13 of the said device for heating and forcing the conductive fluid, and the movable separator 44 of the storage tank 42 made in the form of a membrane or piston, or bellows.
  • the installation is equipped with a device 47 for automatic gas removal, including a self-acting check valve 48 (figure 5), the input of which is connected to the inner cavity 2 of the heating chamber 1 of the device for heating and injection of conductive fluid at the upper level of the cavity 2, and an automatic gas vent 49 connected to its input to the outlet of the check valve 48.
  • the valve 48 contains a horizontally located seat 50 with an opening 51 for the passage of gaseous products removed from the working cavity 2 of the chamber 1, and a shutter 52 mounted under the seat 50 with the possibility of overlapping the opening 51 of the latter, while the mass, geometric shape and dimensions of the shutter 52 are selected with in such a way that the valve 48 is open when air or gaseous products enter it from the cavity 2 of the heating chamber 1.
  • the gas vent 49 is located at the minimum possible distance from the valve 48 and Gross, with the passage therethrough of the gaseous products in only one direction - from the valve 48 outlet to the output of the gazootvodchika 49 and does not allow permeation therethrough of air into the cavity 2 of the chamber 1 upon occurrence of discharge in the cavity 2.
  • the installation is also equipped with a device 53 made in the form of a hydraulic accumulator for automatically feeding the circulation circuit of the installation with a coolant in the form of a conductive liquid.
  • the device 53 is connected to line 14 through a pressure stabilization device 54, made in the form of a bypass valve (pressure reducer) with the ability to maintain a given pressure in line 14 due to the bypass of fluid from line 14 to a drain line (not shown).
  • a pressure stabilization device 54 made in the form of a bypass valve (pressure reducer) with the ability to maintain a given pressure in line 14 due to the bypass of fluid from line 14 to a drain line (not shown).
  • the pressure relief valve 55 is connected to the cavity 2 and the pressure relief valve 56 is connected to the line 14, while valves 55 and 56 are set to the specified maximum pressure, respectively, in cavity 2 and in line 14 and are connected by their exits to a drain line (not shown).
  • the installation is also equipped with a sludge trap 57, installed after the retaining throttle 21 in the direction of the fluid in line 16, and to enable removal of gaseous products released from the conductive fluid during its heating and throttling through the hydraulic resistances encountered in the path of the fluid, the installation is equipped with automatic gas guides 58 connected by their inputs to line 14 at the highest points of the latter, which are places of possible lazy gaseous products.
  • the installation is equipped with a pressure gauge 59 for visual monitoring of pressure in line 14 and dial thermometers 60, 61, 62 and 63 for visual monitoring of fluid temperature, respectively, in lines 14, 16, 34 and 35.
  • a circulation pump 64 and a check valve 65 are installed with the possibility of circular circulation of the coolant along the specified working circuit - from the output of the heat-consuming device 33 and then along line 35, circuit 37 of the heat exchanger 32 and line 34 to the input heat-consuming device 33 and 1 with the exception of the possibility of circular circulation of the coolant in the opposite direction.
  • temperature sensors are installed, respectively 66 and 67, made, for example, in the form of overhead thermostats.
  • an air temperature sensor 68 can be installed in a room (not shown) heated by device 33.
  • the output of each of the sensors 66-68 is connected to a power supply and control unit 17 configured to turn off the power of the phase electrodes 8 of the heating chamber 1 when the temperature of the coolant in line 34 of the heat-consuming device 33 and / or the temperature of the conductive fluid in line 14, and / or the temperature of the air in the specified room is higher than the specified maximum value and with the possibility after power on the phase electrodes 8 after reducing the specified temperature of the coolant, and / or conductive fluid, and / or air to a predetermined minimum value.
  • the installation can be equipped with a small-sized autonomous source 69 of the power supply of the phase electrodes 8 with alternating electric current connected to the block 17 and designed for a given time of operation of the heating chamber 1 when the power supply of the main electrodes of these electrodes suddenly shuts off.
  • the source 69 can be made in the form of a battery with a converter with the possibility of recharging the battery and has a switch 70 and an automatic control device 71 configured to automatically turn on the switch 70 when the power supply to the unit 17 suddenly turns off and automatically turn off the switch 70 when the power to the unit 17 is restored.
  • the device 71 may be configured to install the source 69 to recharge and stop charging after accumulation in the source 69 predetermined amount of electricity during recharging.
  • the method of heating and injecting conductive fluid is carried out using the above-described device for heating and injecting conductive fluid as follows.
  • an alternating electric current is passed through the electrodes 7 and 8 at a given voltage at terminals 9 and 1 1, as a result of which the fluid heats up.
  • the bottom 4 is heated from below using an external source of thermal energy 19.
  • an intensive electric heating zone 20 of the conductive liquid is created between the lower ends of the phase electrodes 8 and the bottom 4.
  • the liquid located in zone 20 has a small mass in comparison with the mass of the entire liquid filling the working cavity 2 of chamber 1, and therefore the liquid in zone 20 is rapidly heated to boiling and, together with the steam generated during boiling, rises from zone 20 to the upper part of the cavity 2, pushing the cold liquid from the upper part of the cavity 2 down to the zone 20 of intense electric heating, which accelerates the process of heating the conductive liquid in the chamber 1 and provides the possibility of increasing the frequency of duty cycles in evatelnoy chamber 1 and, respectively, the volumetric flow of the heated liquid in the discharge line 16 without increasing the power consumption for power electrodes 8 formed in the upper portion of the cavity 2 produces steam in the chamber 1 pressure P K; the value of which at the beginning of the boiling liquid increased by the closed position of the exhaust valve 15.
  • the retaining throttle 21 creates hydraulic resistance (backwater) in the path of the conductive fluid in the discharge line 16. Due to the specified hydraulic resistance in the discharge line 16 in the working cavity 2 of the chamber 1 creates a vapor pressure sufficient in magnitude to displace the conductive fluid in the discharge line 16.
  • the throttle 21 eliminates possible fluctuations in the shutter of the exhaust valve 15. The hydraulic resistance of the inductor 21 and its geometric parameters corresponding to this resistance are determined by theoretical calculations and / or experimentally.
  • the essence of the invention is to create in the heating chamber 1 a process of reversible heat transfer between the conductive liquid and the bottom 4, which makes it possible to reduce the cost of electricity for heating and pumping the conductive fluid.
  • the temperature of the latter as a result of the indicated heat losses in the absence of an external heat source 19 can drop below boiling point. Under such conditions, a temperature balance will occur in the heating chamber 1, at which the conductive liquid has the same temperature as the inner surface of the bottom 4, which eliminates the possibility of heat transfer from the bottom 4 to the conductive liquid, thereby eliminating the possibility of reversible heat transfer in the heating chamber 1 , and therefore, the possibility of further displacement of the conductive fluid from the working cavity 2.
  • an external source of thermal energy 19 allows you to start the specified reverse heat transfer due to the supply to the bottom 4 from the source 19 insignificant amount of heat, allowing to raise the temperature of the inner surface of the bottom 4 above the temperature of the conductive liquid and bring the heating chamber 1 from the state of the specified temperature balance.
  • heat exchange is reversed in the heating chamber 1, after which the heat is transferred in the opposite direction - from the bottom 4 of the heating chamber 1 to the conductive liquid.
  • the specified reverse heat transfer in the heating chamber 1 is carried out with minimal energy consumption of the external heat source 19, sufficient to compensate for the heat loss caused by heat leakage from the heating chamber 1, and to heat the inner surface of the bottom 4 to the boiling point of the conductive liquid.
  • the boiling of the conductive liquid in the working cavity 2 continues without stopping, despite the termination of its electrical heating after the level sensor 18 has been triggered by turning off the power to the phase electrodes 8.
  • the specified boiling is accompanied by the formation of steam over the conductive liquid, under the action of pressure energy of which further complete displacement of the tocopr the leading fluid from the working cavity 2 to the discharge line 16 through the check valve 15.
  • the thermostat 22 which receives information about the temperature of the outer surface of the bottom 4 from the sensor 23, set the heat power of the source 19 at a level at which the amount of heat is transferred from the source 19 to the bottom 4, not exceeding the amount of heat required to maintain the temperature of the conductive liquid in working cavity 2 is not lower than its boiling point.
  • the pressure in the cavity 2 decreases below the above value after which the exhaust valve 15 closes, and steam condenses in the cavity 2.
  • a vacuum is formed, under the action of which the inlet valve 13 opens and the cavity 2 is filled with a new portion of the initial conductive fluid coming from line 14.
  • the sensor 18 is activated to turn on the power of the phase electrodes 8. If the sensor is installed at a height h equal to the height H of the working cavity 2, the indicated operation of the sensor 18 occurs at the end of the rise in the level of the conductive fluid, i.e. .
  • the block 17 After receiving the signal from the output of the sensor 18, the block 17 turns on the power of the phase electrodes 8, as a result of which the transmission of current through the conductive fluid between the lower ends of the electrodes 8 and the bottom 4 resumes, and, accordingly, intense electrical heating of the conductive fluid in the bottom zone 20 is resumed, accompanied by intense circulation of the heated liquid from zone 20 to the upper part of the working cavity 2 with the expulsion of cold conductive liquid from it into zone 20.
  • the intake valve 13 closes.
  • the frequency of the operating cycles of heating and injection of the conductive fluid in the heating chamber 1 gradually increases as the bottom 4, the housing 3, the cover 5 and the electrodes 8 with the electrode holders 10 are heated and reaches the working level after heating of these structural elements of the heating chamber is completed 1.
  • the massive bottom 4 can be heated using an external source of thermal energy 19 until the electrode is turned on 8.
  • the opening valve 15 When changing the value of hydraulic resistance to the flow of heated conductive fluid provided from the discharge line 16, which can occur, for example, when changing the number of consumers of heated conductive fluid connected to the discharge line 16, the opening valve 15 is adjusted to maintain the required efficiency device operation.
  • the opening force of the exhaust valve 15 in the case of a decrease in the specified hydraulic resistance, the opening force of the exhaust valve 15 is increased by increasing the pre-compression force of the spring 25 (Fig. 2) by moving its support 26 upward with the help of the rotating handle 27, and in the case of increasing the specified hydraulic resistance, the opening force is reduced exhaust valve 15 by reducing the pre-compression force of the spring 25 by moving its support 26 down.
  • the heat generating installation described above works as follows. Using the device for heating and forcing the conductive fluid that serves as the heat carrier, which is part of the heat generating installation, the cold coolant is heated in the form of a conductive fluid, for example, water supplied to the specified device via line 14 from outlet 39 of circuit 36 of heat exchanger 32, in accordance with the method described above. and supplying the heated fluid along the discharge line 16 to the input 38 of the specified circuit 36. At the same time, using the pump 64, the coolant is circulated in a circular manner the same circuit of the heat-consuming device 33. During the indicated circulation, heat from the heated conductive fluid passing through the circuit 36 of the heat exchanger 32 is transferred to the heat transfer medium of the heat-consuming device 33 passing through the circuit 37 of the heat exchanger 32.
  • a conductive fluid for example, water supplied to the specified device via line 14 from outlet 39 of circuit 36 of heat exchanger 32, in accordance with the method described above. and supplying the heated fluid along the discharge line 16 to the input 38 of the specified circuit 36.
  • the thus heated fluid passes through the line 34 to the input of the heat-consuming device 33, and after the heat is transferred to the latter, it is cooled in line via line 35 through the check valve 65 to the input 40 of the circuit 37 of the heat exchanger 32 and again heats up when passing through circuit 37 of the latter.
  • the fluid from the line 14 is forced under pressure from the line 16 into the hydraulic cavity 45 of the storage tank 42, which leads to compression of the gas in the gas cavity 43 of the tank 42 by the separator 44 and the accumulation of potential energy of gas pressure in the cavity 43, which is used to accelerate the process of filling the working cavity 2 of the chamber 1 with the coolant coming from line 14.
  • the specified acceleration is ensured by the fact that the filling of the cavity 2 with cold coolant is provided both under the action of the vacuum generated in the working cavity 2 in the process of steam condensation, and under the influence of pressure on the coolant in line 14 from the gas cavity 43 of the container 42.
  • the separator 44 of the container 42 is moved by pressure from the side of the gas cavity 43 towards the hydraulic cavity 45, displacing the liquid from the cavity 45 into the working cavity 2 of the chamber 1.
  • the heat CITEL accumulating container 42 together with valve 56 also allows to exclude dangerous pressure overshoots in line 14 during the displacement of fluid from the heating chamber 1 to the discharge line 16.
  • gaseous products released from the coolant in the working cavity 2 are removed from the specified cavity through a self-acting valve 48 (Fig. 5) and an automatic gas vent 49, and gaseous products accumulating in the upper points of line 14 are removed using automatic gas vents 58
  • the loss of coolant resulting from leaks and the conversion of the coolant into said gaseous products is made up by means of an automatic make-up device 53.
  • the coolant is cleaned of sludge contaminants using a sludge trap 57
  • the pressure in line 14 is maintained at a predetermined level by means of a pressure stabilization device 54 by transferring liquid from line 14 to the drain line if the specified pressure is exceeded above a predetermined value, and the possibility of increasing the working pressure cavity 2 and in line 14 above the maximum permissible value is eliminated by means of safety valves 55 and 56 by bypassing the liquid through these valves into the drain line.
  • the heating rate of the coolant in the heating chamber 1 and, accordingly, the temperature of the coolant in the discharge line 16 is maintained at the required level by setting the current value between the electrodes 7 and 8 using the power supply and control unit 17 as well as by selecting a conductive fluid with the required electrical conductivity and installing, using the device 54, the required pressure value in line 14.
  • using the heat exchanger 32 provide lower than in the discharge line 16 the temperature of the coolant in the input line 34 of the heat-consuming device 33, required for normal operation of the latter.
  • a circulation pump 64 create such a flow rate of the coolant through the circuit 37 of the heat exchanger 32, at which the coolant passing through the circuit 37 has time to warm up to a temperature not exceeding the specified limits determined by the operational characteristics of the heat-consuming device 33.
  • the power supply and control unit 17 which receives temperature excess signals from the sensors 66-68, turns off the power to the electrodes 8, and after lowering the temperature of the coolant in line 33, and / or the temperature of the conductive fluid in line 14, and / or the temperature of the air in the specified room to a predetermined minimum value again includes power to the electrodes 8.
  • the device 71 In the event of a sudden shutdown of the power supply to the unit 17, the device 71 automatically turns on the switch 70, after which the electrodes 8 receive power from an autonomous source 69. After restoring the power to the unit 17, the device 71 automatically turns off the switch 70 and sets the source 69 to recharge, and after accumulation in the source 69 to the process of recharging a predetermined amount of electricity stops charging the source 69.
  • the invention relates to a method for heating and pumping a conductive fluid and a device for implementing this method, can be used in the energy sector, in particular in electrode steam pumps (heart rate monitors) for pumping and pumping conductive fluids in heating and hot water systems, as well as in various production processes, in particular, in chemical production, and in various machines and installations for special purposes.
  • electrode steam pumps heart rate monitors
  • the invention relating to a heat-generating installation can be used in the power system in heating and hot water supply of buildings and structures, as well as in various production processes, machines and installations.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés et des moyens techniques de chauffage et d'alimentation en liquides conducteurs de courant (LCC), et peut être utilisée dans la production d'électricité dans des dispositifs de transmission et d'alimentation en LCC de systèmes de chauffage et d'alimentation en eau chaude. Ce procédé de chauffage et d'alimentation en LCC est mis en œuvre dans une installation comprenant une chauffage à électrodes étanche, et consiste à faire passer un courant électrique alternatif entre les électrodes de manière à chauffer le liquide jusqu'à l'ébullition, à refouler le liquide chauffé via un clapet de sortie antiretour sous l'effet de la pression de la vapeur, à condenser la vapeur de manière à obtenir une raréfaction dans la chambre, puis à remplir celle-ci via un clapet antiretour d'entrée sous l'effet de ladite raréfaction. L'envoi du courant électrique à travers le liquide est interrompu pendant le processus de purge, et est rétabli lors du processus de remplissage de la chambre lorsque l'on dépasse un niveau donné de la cavité de travail de la chambre situé à une hauteur donnée par rapport au fond. Le procédé consiste ensuite à créer un échange thermique réversible par l'envoi vers le fond d'une quantité de chaleur suffisante pour maintenir la température du liquide au moins à sa température d'ébullition.
PCT/RU2011/000066 2011-02-04 2011-02-04 Procédé et dispositif de chauffage d'un liquide conducteur de courant et installation génératrice de chaleur WO2012105864A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN113276704A (zh) * 2021-05-24 2021-08-20 魏杰 一种新能源汽车充电枪用充电桩
CN116613405A (zh) * 2023-06-02 2023-08-18 宁波邵金塑料制品有限公司 一种电池盒

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SU1532776A1 (ru) * 1987-07-20 1989-12-30 Ленинградский сельскохозяйственный институт Устройство нагрева и перекачки жидкости
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CN113276704B (zh) * 2021-05-24 2023-09-19 国网浙江省电力有限公司嵊泗县供电公司 一种新能源汽车充电枪用充电桩
CN116613405A (zh) * 2023-06-02 2023-08-18 宁波邵金塑料制品有限公司 一种电池盒
CN116613405B (zh) * 2023-06-02 2023-11-03 宁波邵金塑料制品有限公司 一种电池盒

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