WO2012102338A1 - 磁気共鳴イメージング装置及びそれを用いた血管撮像方法 - Google Patents
磁気共鳴イメージング装置及びそれを用いた血管撮像方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
- G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
- G01R33/561—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution by reduction of the scanning time, i.e. fast acquiring systems, e.g. using echo-planar pulse sequences
- G01R33/5615—Echo train techniques involving acquiring plural, differently encoded, echo signals after one RF excitation, e.g. using gradient refocusing in echo planar imaging [EPI], RF refocusing in rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement [RARE] or using both RF and gradient refocusing in gradient and spin echo imaging [GRASE]
- G01R33/5617—Echo train techniques involving acquiring plural, differently encoded, echo signals after one RF excitation, e.g. using gradient refocusing in echo planar imaging [EPI], RF refocusing in rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement [RARE] or using both RF and gradient refocusing in gradient and spin echo imaging [GRASE] using RF refocusing, e.g. RARE
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/4818—MR characterised by data acquisition along a specific k-space trajectory or by the temporal order of k-space coverage, e.g. centric or segmented coverage of k-space
- G01R33/4824—MR characterised by data acquisition along a specific k-space trajectory or by the temporal order of k-space coverage, e.g. centric or segmented coverage of k-space using a non-Cartesian trajectory
- G01R33/4826—MR characterised by data acquisition along a specific k-space trajectory or by the temporal order of k-space coverage, e.g. centric or segmented coverage of k-space using a non-Cartesian trajectory in three dimensions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
- G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
- G01R33/563—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of moving material, e.g. flow contrast angiography
- G01R33/5635—Angiography, e.g. contrast-enhanced angiography [CE-MRA] or time-of-flight angiography [TOF-MRA]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/4818—MR characterised by data acquisition along a specific k-space trajectory or by the temporal order of k-space coverage, e.g. centric or segmented coverage of k-space
- G01R33/482—MR characterised by data acquisition along a specific k-space trajectory or by the temporal order of k-space coverage, e.g. centric or segmented coverage of k-space using a Cartesian trajectory
- G01R33/4822—MR characterised by data acquisition along a specific k-space trajectory or by the temporal order of k-space coverage, e.g. centric or segmented coverage of k-space using a Cartesian trajectory in three dimensions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
- G01R33/543—Control of the operation of the MR system, e.g. setting of acquisition parameters prior to or during MR data acquisition, dynamic shimming, use of one or more scout images for scan plane prescription
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
- G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
- G01R33/567—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution gated by physiological signals, i.e. synchronization of acquired MR data with periodical motion of an object of interest, e.g. monitoring or triggering system for cardiac or respiratory gating
- G01R33/5673—Gating or triggering based on a physiological signal other than an MR signal, e.g. ECG gating or motion monitoring using optical systems for monitoring the motion of a fiducial marker
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparatus, and more particularly to an MRI apparatus that acquires a three-dimensional blood vessel image of a subject without using a contrast agent.
- MRI magnetic resonance imaging
- Non-contrast angiographic imaging it is desirable to perform electrocardiographic imaging in order to improve the ability to depict arteries or veins.
- a certain delay time is triggered by a signal (for example, R wave) obtained from the heart beat.
- the echo signal is acquired. Specifically, echo signals are acquired only during the diastole or systole of the heart.
- Non-Patent Document 1 proposes a technique for performing imaging while changing the delay time in the expansion period in real time. According to this technique, it is possible to prevent deterioration in image quality due to fluctuations in delay time, but it is impossible to solve the above-described problem due to fluctuations in diastole or systole.
- a multi-echo system sequence is generally used, and one of phase encoding and slice encoding is fixed and the step of collecting echo signals while changing the other is performed by changing one encoding. Repeat while. For this reason, the influence of T2 attenuation appears in either the phase encoding direction or the slice encoding direction.
- an MRA image blurred in the phase encoding direction or slice encoding direction may be present, which may hinder diagnosis.
- Non-Patent Document 2 discloses an imaging technique for sampling three-dimensional k-space data into a circle or an ellipse instead of sampling into a rectangle as a three-dimensional imaging technique. Note that rectangular sampling is sampling along a locus parallel to one coordinate axis in k-space, and is called orthogonal sampling.
- the present invention relates to the above-described conventional non-contrast 3D angiographic imaging problem, that is, the problem of image quality degradation and extension of the measurement time due to changes in the diastole or systole of the heart, and the image quality of the blood vessel to be depicted is a gradient magnetic field.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an MRI apparatus capable of obtaining a good blood vessel image.
- the MRI apparatus samples a circular or elliptical contour in a plane orthogonal to the readout direction of the three-dimensional k-space data as an imaging sequence (hereinafter abbreviated as circular sampling).
- circular sampling In addition to adopting an imaging sequence that performs synchronous imaging based on body movement information, depending on the imaging parameters including the delay time and signal acquisition time, the sampling trajectory and the number of sampling points of circular sampling, echo if it is a multi-echo system sequence Control the number of trains.
- the circular (elliptical) sampling of the present invention is a kind of non-orthogonal sampling compared to orthogonal sampling.
- the MRI apparatus of the present invention includes an imaging unit including a static magnetic field generation unit, a gradient magnetic field generation unit, a high-frequency magnetic field generation unit, and a magnetic resonance signal reception unit, and measurement control for controlling the operation of the imaging unit according to an imaging sequence.
- the imaging sequence includes a blood vessel imaging sequence that samples a surface orthogonal to the readout direction of the three-dimensional k-space into a circle or an ellipse, and the measurement control unit includes body motion information to be examined.
- the operation of the imaging sequence is controlled using a synchronization signal based thereon, and the circular or elliptical sampling is controlled according to the delay time from the synchronization signal and the signal acquisition time.
- the measurement control unit controls the sampling trajectory and / or the number of sampling points of the circular or elliptical sampling.
- the measurement control unit includes a calculation unit that calculates the delay time and the signal acquisition time, and the calculation unit is based on body motion information of an examination target during imaging.
- the delay time and the signal acquisition time are updated, and the circular or elliptical sampling is controlled according to the updated delay time and signal acquisition time.
- a parameter setting unit configured to set the parameters of the imaging sequence
- the measurement control unit has the circular or elliptical shape according to the parameters set in the parameter setting unit.
- the sampling trajectory of sampling is controlled to minimize the signal intensity change between data adjacent in the sampling direction.
- the blood vessel imaging method of the present invention executes a blood vessel imaging sequence that samples a surface orthogonal to the readout direction of the three-dimensional k-space as a circular or elliptical shape as an imaging sequence.
- the circular or elliptical sampling is controlled according to a delay time from the synchronization signal and a signal acquisition time using a synchronization signal based thereon.
- the present invention adopts circular sampling for blood vessel imaging, and changes the sampling locus and the number of points according to the imaging parameters of synchronous imaging, thereby eliminating blurring of the blood vessel image that occurs depending on the encoding direction and synchronous imaging. It is possible to obtain an image with no deterioration in image quality in response to a change in conditions accompanying the change, specifically, a change in imaging parameters or a change in heart rate.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an overall outline of an MRI apparatus to which the present invention is applied.
- the figure which shows an example of the pulse sequence used for a reference scan in the blood vessel imaging of 1st embodiment Diagram explaining information about cardiac cycle obtained from reference scan Diagram explaining delay time and data collection time in systole and diastole
- a diagram for explaining k-space area division by circular sampling The figure explaining the data acquisition order in the area
- the figure which shows the table which controls the data acquisition order of circular sampling (A), (b) is a figure which shows the other example of circular sampling, respectively.
- (A), (b) is a figure which shows the other example of circular sampling, respectively.
- the block diagram which shows the principal part of the MRI apparatus of 2nd embodiment.
- Diagram showing how the number of echo trains is changed by shortening the data collection time AT The figure which shows the mode of the synchronous imaging which changes DT and AT in real time It is a figure explaining echo shift and shows the case where there is no echo shift. It is a figure explaining echo shift, and shows the case where the level difference of signal intensity arises by echo shift.
- This MRI apparatus obtains a tomographic image of the subject 101 using the NMR phenomenon, and includes a static magnetic field generating magnet 102, a gradient magnetic field coil 103, a gradient magnetic field power source 109, a transmission RF coil 104, and an RF transmission unit 110.
- the reception RF antenna 105 and the signal detection unit 106, the signal processing unit 107, the measurement control unit 111, the overall control unit 108, the display / operation unit 113, and the subject 101 are mounted, and the subject 101 is statically mounted. And a bed 112 to be taken in and out of the magnetic field generating magnet 102.
- the static magnetic field generating magnet 102 is composed of a permanent magnet type, normal conducting type or superconducting type static magnetic field generating source. If the vertical magnetic field type is used, the static magnetic field generating magnet 102 is perpendicular to the body axis of the subject 101. A uniform static magnetic field is generated in each axial direction.
- the gradient magnetic field coil 103 is a coil wound in the three-axis directions of X, Y, and Z of the real space coordinate system (stationary coordinate system) of the MRI apparatus, and each gradient magnetic field coil is a gradient magnetic field power source that drives the coil. Connected to 109 to supply current.
- the gradient magnetic field power supply 109 of each gradient coil is driven according to a command from the measurement control unit 111 described later, and supplies a current to each gradient coil. Thereby, gradient magnetic fields Gx, Gy, and Gz are generated in the three-axis directions of X, Y, and Z. Position information is encoded in the echo signal by the gradient magnetic field.
- the transmission RF coil 104 is a coil that irradiates the subject 101 with an RF pulse, and is connected to the RF transmission unit 110 and supplied with a high-frequency pulse current. As a result, an NMR phenomenon is induced in the nuclear spins of the atoms constituting the biological tissue of the subject 101.
- the RF transmission unit 110 is driven in accordance with a command from the measurement control unit 111 described later, and the high frequency pulse is amplitude-modulated and amplified, and then the transmission RF coil 104 disposed in the vicinity of the subject 101 is disposed.
- the object 101 is irradiated with an RF pulse.
- the reception RF coil 105 is a coil that receives an NMR signal (echo signal) emitted by a nuclear spin NMR phenomenon that constitutes the biological tissue of the subject 101, and is connected to the signal detection unit 106, and receives the received echo signal. Is sent to the signal detector 106.
- the signal detection unit 106 performs processing for detecting an echo signal received by the reception RF coil 105. Specifically, an echo signal of the response of the subject 101 induced by the RF pulse irradiated from the RF transmission coil 104 is received by the reception RF coil 105 disposed in the vicinity of the subject 101, and measurement control described later is performed.
- the signal detection unit 106 amplifies the received echo signal, divides it into two orthogonal signals by quadrature detection, and samples each by a predetermined number (for example, 128, 256, 512, etc.)
- a predetermined number for example, 128, 256, 512, etc.
- Each sampling signal is A / D converted into a digital quantity and sent to a signal processing unit 107 described later. Therefore, the echo signal is obtained as time-series digital data (hereinafter referred to as echo data) composed of a predetermined number of sampling data.
- the signal processing unit 107 performs various processes on the echo data, and sends the processed echo data to the measurement control unit 111.
- the measurement control unit 111 mainly transmits various commands for data collection necessary for reconstruction of the tomographic image of the subject 101 to the gradient magnetic field power source 109, the RF transmission unit 110, and the signal detection unit 106. It is a control part which controls these. Specifically, the measurement control unit 111 operates under the control of the overall control unit 108 described later, and controls the gradient magnetic field power source 109, the RF transmission unit 110, and the signal detection unit 106 based on a predetermined pulse sequence, The application of the RF pulse and the gradient magnetic field pulse to the subject 101 and the detection of the echo signal from the subject 101 are repeatedly executed, and echo data necessary for image reconstruction for the imaging region of the subject 101 is collected.
- the overall control unit 108 controls the measurement control unit 111, and controls various data processing and processing result display and storage, and includes an arithmetic processing unit 114 having a CPU and a memory therein, an optical disc, And a storage unit 115 such as a magnetic disk.
- the overall control unit 108 controls the measurement control unit 111 to execute the collection of echo data.
- the arithmetic processing unit 114 encodes the encoded information applied to the echo data. Is stored in an area corresponding to the k space of the memory.
- a group of echo data stored in an area corresponding to the k space of the memory is also referred to as k space data.
- the arithmetic processing unit 114 performs processing such as signal processing or image reconstruction by Fourier transform on the k-space data, and displays the resulting image of the subject 101 on the display / operation unit 113 described later. At the same time, it is recorded in the storage unit 115.
- the display / operation unit 113 includes a display unit for displaying the reconstructed image of the subject 101, a trackball or a mouse and a keyboard for inputting various control information of the MRI apparatus and control information for processing performed by the overall control unit 108. Etc., and an operation unit.
- the operation unit is arranged in the vicinity of the display unit, and the operator controls various processes of the MRI apparatus interactively through the operation unit while looking at the display unit.
- a body motion information detection unit that detects body motion information of the subject is provided as an accessory to the MRI apparatus.
- This body motion information detection unit is mounted on the subject 101 and detects the body motion information of the subject, and processes the signal from the sensor unit 116 and measures the processed body motion information.
- a body motion information processing unit 117 to be sent to 111. If the body motion information detection unit detects an electrocardiogram (electrocardiogram waveform) of the subject, the sensor unit 116 is an electrode for detecting an electrocardiogram, and the body motion information processing unit 117 processes an analog signal from the electrode. .
- the measurement control unit 111 controls synchronous imaging in which imaging is performed by executing a pulse sequence in synchronization with the body motion information of the subject detected by the body motion information detection unit.
- the transmission-side RF transmission coil 104 and the gradient magnetic field coil 103 are opposed to the subject 101 in the static magnetic field space of the static magnetic field generating magnet 102 into which the subject 101 is inserted, in the case of the vertical magnetic field method. If the horizontal magnetic field method is used, the object 101 is installed so as to surround it. Further, the reception RF coil 105 on the reception side is disposed so as to face or surround the subject 101.
- the MRI apparatus of the present invention has a function of performing blood vessel imaging without using a contrast agent, and has a pulse sequence for blood vessel imaging and a processing flow.
- the MRI apparatus of this embodiment includes an imaging unit including a static magnetic field generation unit, a gradient magnetic field generation unit, a high-frequency magnetic field generation unit, and a magnetic resonance signal reception unit, and a measurement control unit that controls the operation of the imaging unit according to an imaging sequence
- the imaging sequence includes a blood vessel imaging sequence that samples a surface orthogonal to the readout direction of the three-dimensional k-space into a circle or an ellipse, and the measurement control unit is synchronized based on body motion information to be examined.
- the operation of the imaging sequence is controlled using a signal, and the circular or elliptical sampling is controlled according to the delay time from the synchronization signal and the signal acquisition time.
- the measurement control unit controls the sampling trajectory and / or the number of sampling points of the circular or elliptical sampling according to, for example, the delay time from the synchronization signal and the signal acquisition time.
- this embodiment is a basic embodiment of other embodiments described later.
- a pulse sequence for sampling a k-space in a circle or an ellipse is used as a pulse sequence. It is characterized by having adopted.
- FIG. 2 shows a processing flow of blood vessel imaging according to this embodiment.
- the overall flow of this processing and the individual processing in each step are stored in advance in the storage unit 115 such as a magnetic disk as a program, and are executed by the CPU reading it into the memory as necessary and executing it.
- the storage unit 115 such as a magnetic disk as a program
- each step will be described. Since the present invention acquires a non-contrast MRA image, there is no step of administering a contrast agent to the subject.
- the operator sets the imaging conditions (imaging area, FOV, readout direction, number of image matrices, etc.) of the imaging sequence via the display / operation unit 113.
- the imaging sequence is a multi-echo pulse sequence for blood vessel imaging, which will be described later, and imaging parameters such as the number of echo trains (ETL), the echo interval (IET), and the effective echo time (effective TE) are also set.
- the lead-out direction should be substantially the same as any one of the body direction of the subject, HF (Head-Foot), RL (Right-Left), and AP (Anti-Posterior). Is preferred.
- an image obtained by repeating imaging in which the readout direction is aligned with each direction may be synthesized. For example, at the bifurcation of the subclavian artery, since blood vessels run in both the HF direction and the RL direction, imaging is performed with the HF direction and the RL direction as the readout direction, By synthesizing the two obtained images, the subclavian artery can be depicted well.
- the operator determines whether the acquired MRA image type is an arteriovenous image (diastolic image) or a vein image (systolic image). Based on this determination, an image calculation method in a step described later is set.
- step 202 the measurement control unit 111 performs a reference scan for the imaging region set in step 201.
- the echo data or image measured by the reference scan is used to determine an imaging parameter value suitable for obtaining a desired non-contrast MRA image using an imaging sequence in the steps described later.
- the pulse sequence used for the reference scan may be a pulse sequence based on a well-known PC method using a velocity encoding (VENC) pulse as shown in FIG. 3, or a pulse sequence based on an imaging sequence. If necessary, high-resolution cine imaging is also performed separately from the above-described imaging.
- VENC velocity encoding
- step 203 the arithmetic processing unit 114, based on the data (echo data or image data) measured in the reference scan in step 202, imaging parameter values (systolic and extended) suitable for obtaining a desired non-contrast MRA image.
- imaging parameter values (systolic and extended) suitable for obtaining a desired non-contrast MRA image.
- Phase delay time DT data collection time AT, blood flow velocity.
- a flow velocity graph (a portion surrounded by a dotted line) as shown in FIG. 4 can be obtained by a reference scan or the like by the PC method. From such a flow velocity graph, systolic and diastolic phases, arteries and veins can be obtained. Blood flow velocity can be read.
- the desired delay time DT and the subsequent data collection time AT can be set for the systole and the diastole, respectively.
- the diastolic delay time DT can be determined from the cine image, but it is necessary to make adjustments according to the blood vessel to be imaged. For example, when synchronous imaging is performed on the lower limbs, the delay time DT is delayed in consideration of the delay from the heart value.
- the arithmetic processing unit 114 specifically sets the imaging sequence based on the imaging condition set in step 201 and the imaging parameter value determined in step 203.
- the measurement control unit 111 starts synchronous imaging (main imaging) in synchronization with, for example, an electrocardiogram detected from the subject, using the imaging sequence specifically set in step 203.
- the measurement control unit 111 sets a delay time from the R wave. Specifically, when acquiring a vein image, the delay time (DT) from the electrocardiogram R wave is set to the systole, and when acquiring an arteriovenous image, the delay time (DT) from the electrocardiogram R wave is set. Set to diastole.
- the measurement control unit 111 sets the repetition time (TR) of the imaging sequence to a plurality of two or more heartbeats in order to set the long TR.
- the imaging sequence is executed during a black frame period (data collection period AT).
- FIG. 5A shows an example of acquiring a vein image with the delay time (DT) set to the systole
- FIG. 5B shows an arteriovenous image with the delay time (DT) set to the diastole. Each example is shown.
- a pulse sequence for sampling the k space into a circle or an ellipse is executed.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of a pulse sequence used in the present invention, and shows a 3D pulse sequence of the fast spin echo (FSE) method.
- FSE fast spin echo
- the encode gradient magnetic field is a repetitive loop (inner loop) in which one of the slice encode direction and the phase encode direction (eg, slice encode) is fixed and the other (eg, phase encode) is changed. (Slice encoding) is applied so as to be repeated while changing.
- slice encode the phase encode direction
- phase encode the phase encode direction
- the sampling of echoes along a circular (elliptical) locus is repeated while simultaneously changing the encoding gradient magnetic fields (G1, G2) in two directions. The two directions are selected in a direction orthogonal to the lead-out direction (Gr).
- FIG. 7 shows an example of circular sampling.
- the arrows in the circled area indicate the data collection direction, that is, the sampling locus, and the black circle is the sampling start position.
- the k-space coordinates are not expressed as ky and kz, but are expressed as k1 and k2.
- the k space is divided into a plurality of regions according to the number of echoes (also referred to as the number of echo trains or echo factors) to be sampled after one excitation pulse irradiation (one shot).
- the number of echo trains is set in step 201 together with the pulse sequence echo interval (IET: inversion pulse application interval) and the like.
- IET inversion pulse application interval
- all the points can be ordered in each of the k1 direction and the k2 direction by virtually randomly changing the positions of the points arranged on the grid.
- the data acquisition order determined in this way is recorded in advance in a table (memory area) as shown in FIG. 10, and when the pulse sequence starts, the encoded gradient magnetic fields G1 and G2 are controlled according to the order recorded in the table. .
- step 204 When synchronous imaging (main imaging) is started in step 204, the circular scan described above is performed in step 205 and step 206 while synchronizing electrocardiograms. Specifically, data collection is performed according to the delay time DT set in step 203 using body motion information (for example, an R wave of an electrocardiogram) sent from the body motion information processing unit 117 to the measurement control unit 111 as a trigger. Collect echoes of the number of echo trains. At that time, the encode gradient magnetic fields G1 and G2 are controlled according to the order recorded in the table, and echo data for one shot is collected. Data collection is repeated every set repetition time (TR), here 3R-R, and finally all data including a portion surrounded by a circle in the k space shown in FIG. 9 is collected.
- TR set repetition time
- step 207 the measurement control unit 111 determines whether or not the measurement of the echo data amount based on the imaging condition set in step 201, that is, the echo data amount necessary for image reconstruction is completed. ) Return to step 205 to continue circular sampling. If completed (Yes), the process proceeds to step 208. Determination of completion of data acquisition (step 207) can be performed by determining whether or not the number of scheduled repetitions determined at the time of parameter setting has been completed.
- the arithmetic processing unit 114 reconstructs a three-dimensional image by performing inverse Fourier transform on the three-dimensional k-space data. Then, according to the image type set in step 201, the arithmetic processing unit 114 performs various calculations between the vein image (systole image) and the arteriovenous image (diastolic image). For example, if the acquisition of the arterial image is set in step 201, the difference calculation is performed between the systolic image and the diastolic image, and the three-dimensional image acquired as a result of the difference calculation is converted into the three-dimensional arterial image. And
- the arithmetic processing unit 114 creates a projection image in a desired direction using the three-dimensional image data acquired in step 208, and obtains a final non-contrast MRA image.
- processing for creating a projection image for example, a known MIP (Maximum Intensity Projection) method or volume rendering method can be used.
- the influence of T2 attenuation can be distributed in two directions other than the readout direction. It is possible to obtain a blood vessel image with less blur and without any deterioration in image quality. Further, since the number of sampling points can be reduced as compared with the case of sampling in a rectangular shape, the imaging time can be shortened.
- FIG. 11A shows a case where the sampling angle is different for each shot
- FIG. 11B shows a case where the sampling is performed with a different angle for each of a plurality of shots (blades) having the same angle.
- the former is also called radial scan
- the latter is also called hybrid radial scan.
- the sampling angle is determined by the combination (ratio) of the gradient magnetic fields G1 and G2 in two directions, and radial sampling can be performed by changing this ratio.
- the measurement control unit includes a calculation unit that calculates a delay time and a signal acquisition time from the synchronization signal, and the calculation unit calculates the delay time based on the body motion information of the examination target being imaged. And the signal acquisition time is updated, and the circular or elliptical sampling is controlled according to the updated delay time and signal acquisition time. For example, the measurement control unit increases or decreases the number of echo trains according to increase or decrease in signal acquisition time before and after the update.
- this embodiment is characterized in that the delay time DT and the data collection AT of the synchronous imaging are changed in accordance with the change in the heart rate of the subject being imaged.
- the configuration of the apparatus is the same as that shown in FIG. 1, but as the function of the arithmetic processing unit 114, the heart rate of the subject being imaged is input from the body motion information processing unit 117, and accordingly
- the measurement control unit 111 has a function of recalculating systolic QT, diastolic TQ, delay time DT, and data collection time AT during imaging, a function of monitoring the filling rate of the memory (k space), and the measurement control unit 111. The difference is that a function for controlling the pulse sequence is provided based on the calculated delay time DT and data collection time AT.
- FIG. 13 shows details of the arithmetic processing unit 114 and the measurement control unit 111 that realize the above functions.
- the measurement control unit 111 includes a scan control unit 1110 that controls a pulse sequence executed in imaging, and a heart rate (or RR interval Trr) of the subject being imaged from the body motion information processing unit 117. Is compared with the heart rate previously set in the arithmetic processing unit 114, and the body motion information (the R wave of the electrocardiogram) input from the body motion information processing unit 117 is sent to the scan control unit 1110 A number comparison / determination unit 1112 is provided.
- the arithmetic processing unit 114 also includes a parameter setting unit 1143 that sets parameters of the pulse sequence, a memory 1140 that stores k-space data, imaging parameters, and the like, and a determination result of the heart rate comparison / determination unit 1112 of the measurement control unit 111.
- a parameter setting unit 1143 that sets parameters of the pulse sequence
- a memory 1140 that stores k-space data, imaging parameters, and the like
- a determination result of the heart rate comparison / determination unit 1112 of the measurement control unit 111 When it is determined that recalculation is necessary, the systolic QT and diastolic TQ are recalculated using the newly input heart rate, and the delay time is calculated using the recalculated systolic QT and diastolic TQ.
- a calculation unit 1142 for recalculating the DT and the data collection time AT, and a monitoring unit 1144 for monitoring the filling rate of data filled in the k space of the memory 1140 are provided.
- FIG. 14 shows a processing flow. 14, steps 201 to 204, 206, 208 to 209 indicated by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 2 are processed in the same manner as the steps having the same reference numerals in FIG. In the following, the processing steps different from the processing flow of FIG. 2 will be mainly described.
- step 401 initial values Trr 0 , QT 0 , TQ 0 of the RR interval Trr, systole QT, and diastole TQ are calculated and stored in the memory of the arithmetic processing unit 114.
- Trr the average Trr, ave of the interval Trr between the R wave and the next R wave is obtained and set as Trr 0 .
- Trr may be obtained from the heart rate initially set in step 203, or may be obtained using information from the body motion information processing unit 117.
- the average is, for example, the average of Trr obtained by measurement of 5 heart rates or more.
- initial values TQ 0 and QT 0 of the systole and the diastole are calculated by the following equations (1) and (2).
- Equation (1) k1 and k2 are coefficients obtained empirically. k1 depends on whether it is a healthy person or a heart disease patient, sex, and age. In the case of a healthy person, a value of 0.375 to 0.390 is used depending on age and sex. For heart patients, 0.410 is used for women and 0.405 for men. k2 is 0.07.
- step 204 using the imaging sequence specifically set in step 203, for example, synchronous imaging (main imaging) is started in synchronization with an electrocardiogram detected from the subject.
- the imaging sequence is a circular sampling pulse sequence based on FSE as shown in FIG.
- the sensor unit 116 that detects body motion information of the subject monitors the heart rate of the subject being imaged, and the body motion information processing unit 117 processes the signal from the sensor unit 116. Then, the processed body motion information is sent to the measurement control unit 111.
- step 403 the measurement control unit 111 (heart rate comparison / determination unit 1112) compares the monitored heart rate with the set heart rate in step 403.
- step 404 the measurement control unit Determine whether there is any fluctuation.
- step 404 If it is determined in step 404 that there is a fluctuation in heart rate, the arithmetic processing unit 114 (calculation unit 1142) recalculates and changes the delay time DT and the data collection time AT (step 405). If it is determined in step 404 that there is no fluctuation in heart rate, DT and AT are not changed (step 406).
- Trr ave is first obtained from the average of five heart rates using equations (3) and (4).
- the five heartbeats used for averaging may be the latest five heartbeats or may be arbitrarily set by the user.
- the average Trr, ave can be calculated by weighting the measured time. For example, the weight is increased as the time is closer.
- Trr, ave, QT (i) and TQ (i) at that time are calculated by the same formulas as the above formulas (1) and (2).
- a new DT (i) is calculated by the following equation (5). Further, the data collection time AT is calculated by the equation (6) based on the ratio of TQ 0 obtained from the heart rate set as a parameter and TQ (i) obtained from the heart rate varied during the main imaging.
- DT d is the diastolic delay time
- DT d0 is the parameterized diastolic delay time
- AT d is the diastolic data collection time
- AT d0 is the parameterized expansion time. Data collection time for the period.
- Non-patent Document 2 Non-patent Document 2
- the delay time DTs and the data collection time ATs set for the systole do not have to be changed from the time of setting the parameters.
- the above-described calculation method of DT s , AT s , DT d , and AT d is an example.
- step 404 If it is determined in step 404 that the heart rate does not fluctuate, imaging and imaging by circular sampling is continued until all scheduled data amounts are acquired using the set delay time DT and data collection time AT. (Steps 206 and 407).
- the delay time DT recalculated by the arithmetic processing unit 114 (cardiac cycle information calculation unit 1142).
- the imaging by the circular sampling is continued until all scheduled data amounts are acquired (steps 206 and 407).
- the body motion information processing unit 117 While the imaging is measured, the body motion information processing unit 117 continues to monitor the heart rate in step 402, and whenever it is determined that the heart rate has changed, the arithmetic processing unit 114 (heart cycle information calculation unit 1142) Recalculates the delay time DT and the data collection time AT, and updates their values.
- the heart rate comparison / determination unit 1112 may determine the change in heart rate (step 404) for each TR or a plurality of TRs.
- FIG. 15 shows how the number of echo trains is changed by shortening (extending) the AT.
- the part surrounded by the dotted line is the changed part.
- FIG. 15 shows an example in which the imaging sequence is fast spin echo (FSE) as in FIG. 6.
- FSE fast spin echo
- the AT 15 shows a case where the number of echo trains set as a parameter is 7, and the AT is shortened by reducing the number of echo trains to 6 in accordance with the change in the heart rate.
- the number of echo trains may be increased to acquire high frequency data that could not be acquired due to the AT shortening.
- the determination of data acquisition completion in step 407 is performed while monitoring the filling rate of the k space. Therefore, for example, the filling rate monitoring unit 1144 of the arithmetic processing unit 114 compares the number of data points in the table (FIG. 10) for controlling the application of the gradient magnetic field in circular sampling with the number of actually measured data points, and k-space Monitor the filling rate and which data is not measured.
- the high-frequency data that cannot be acquired is acquired when the AT is extended, and the imaging is terminated when the k-space filling rate reaches 100%. Alternatively, imaging may be terminated when the filling rate of the k space reaches a predetermined rate, and high-frequency data that cannot be acquired at that time may be subjected to estimation processing. Thereafter, the image reconstruction process and the projection process in steps 208 and 209 are the same as in the first embodiment.
- the present embodiment by changing the DT and AT of the systole and diastole while imaging, it is possible to always perform imaging with an appropriate cardiac phase and data collection time as shown in FIG. It is possible to prevent deterioration of image quality and extension of imaging time.
- the MRI apparatus of the present embodiment includes a parameter setting unit that sets parameters of an imaging sequence, and the measurement control unit controls the sampling trajectory of the circular or elliptical sampling according to the parameters set in the parameter setting unit.
- the measurement control unit divides a circular or elliptical sampling region into a plurality of sections, and in the sampling of two adjacent sections, the data closest to the boundary between the two sections is the sampling start position or both.
- the sampling trajectory is controlled to be the sampling end position.
- the measurement control unit has the circular or elliptical shape so that the echo of the effective TE is arranged in the low band of the k space according to the effective echo time (TE).
- the area to be sampled is divided.
- non-contrast synchronous blood vessel imaging is performed by circular sampling in the same manner as in the first and second embodiments, and circular sampling imaging is performed after a predetermined delay time DT using a synchronization signal as a trigger.
- Data is collected at a predetermined data collection time AT by operating the sequence.
- the present embodiment is characterized in that the measurement order in circular sampling is controlled, and the step difference in signal strength of k-space data that can be caused by echo shift is reduced as much as possible.
- FIGS. 17 and 18 are diagram showing the data collection direction (sampling trajectory) in a plane perpendicular to the kx direction of 3Dk space
- (b) is a diagram showing the same k-space plane as (a)
- k-space The circle inscribed in the matrix indicates a general area for circular sampling, and the arrows indicate the data acquisition order of echo trains.
- (C) is a figure which shows signal strength.
- FIGS. 17 and 18 show simplified examples in which IET is 5 ms and the number of echo trains is 7 as imaging parameters.
- the measurement order of the k-space is determined so that the time when the low-frequency data of the k-space is measured becomes the effective TE.
- the effective TE is 20 ms
- the above-described imaging parameters the k-space area divided into the same number of areas as ⁇ echo train number ⁇ 1> If echoes are sequentially measured in the area, low-frequency data is acquired with effective TE.
- the effective TE is 35 ms
- the echo up to the effective TE is wasted by shifting the start position of the echo train and starting sampling from an intermediate position in the k space. Instead, the low frequency data is acquired with the effective TE.
- FIG. 17 when the effective TE is 20 ms, the above-described imaging parameters, the k-space area divided into the same number of areas as ⁇ echo train number ⁇ 1> If echoes are sequentially measured in the area, low-frequency data is acquired with effective TE.
- the effective TE is 35 ms
- the echo up to the effective TE is wasted by
- echo shift Shifting the echo for starting data acquisition so that the echo of the effective TE is arranged in the low band of the k space according to the effective TE is referred to as echo shift.
- the signal intensity of each echo is attenuated gradually as the first echo of the echo train is the strongest due to the T2 attenuation.
- FIG. 17 When there is no echo shift (FIG. 17), there is no step in signal intensity in k-space, but when echo shift is performed (FIG. 18), at the boundary between the first echo and the last echo of echo train. A step in signal strength is produced. Artifacts occur in an image reconstructed in a state in which a step in signal intensity has occurred.
- the step of the signal intensity associated with the echo shift is eliminated by changing the division method and controlling the data collection order in the division.
- An embodiment corresponding to FIG. 20 is shown in FIG. FIGS. 21A to 21C are the same as FIG.
- the division is not performed at the center of the k-space, but is divided into the low-frequency data section 1 centered on the k-space origin and the outer section 2.
- data is collected from one boundary (for example, B1) to the other boundary (for example, B2) of the two boundaries B1 and B2 of the sections 1 and 2.
- B1 boundary
- B2 the other boundary
- To collect it is possible to prevent the signal intensity step at the boundaries B1 and B2 from occurring as shown in (c). Can do.
- FIG. 21 shows the case where the k space is divided into two sections, that is, when data on one arc is collected in two shots. However, even when the k space is divided into three or more sections, at each boundary, By controlling the data collection order so that the start or end of data in the sections on both sides coincides, it is possible to prevent a step in signal intensity from occurring.
- the imaging process flow is the same as that in the first or second embodiment.
- the number of shots for acquiring data on one circular arc of circular sampling is determined, and it is determined whether echo shift is necessary.
- the k space is divided into sections according to the determined number of shots, and the data collection order is determined so as not to cause a step difference in signal intensity at the boundary of each section.
- the processing flow of FIG. 14 it is possible to monitor the heart rate and recalculate the delay time DT and the data collection time AT accordingly.
- the last (seventh) echo is not measured in Category 1, and the data on the highest frequency side in Category 2 (Originally, the 3rd and 4th echoes) are not measured, and the data that was not measured in Category 1 (the data at the boundary between Category 1 and Category 2) is measured as the 6th echo.
- the number of echo trains can be reduced while eliminating the step difference in signal intensity.
- it is estimated whether the high frequency data that has not been measured is measured during AT extension.
- the number of echo trains is controlled and the signal acquisition order is controlled to prevent the above-described signal intensity step from occurring.
- FIG. 22 (a) is the same radial sampling (radial scan) as FIG. 11 (a), but here, the boundary 222 of the section is set on the concentric circle inside the circle 220 inscribed in the k space, and k The space is divided into a section 1 that is inside the boundary and a section 2 that is outside. As a result, one sampling path (spoke) corresponding to the diameter of the circle 220 is divided into a path 225 that passes through section 1 and a path 227 that passes through section 2, and the data on each path is one shot echo train. Will be collected.
- the data on the path 225 passing through the section 1 starts from the point on the boundary 222 or the point closest to the boundary 222, and the data is collected at the point on the boundary or the point closest to the boundary at the opposite position. Let it finish.
- the data on the route 227 passing through the section 2 starts from a point adjacent to the point where the data collection of the section 1 is started, and goes to the high frequency side. Thereafter, the data collection is terminated at a point adjacent to the point at which the data collection of the category 1 is terminated from the corresponding high frequency side.
- Data is collected with the sampling trajectory as described above in all paths (spokes), and finally all data in the region surrounded by the circle 220 is collected.
- the step of the signal intensity at the boundary can be eliminated, and artifacts caused by the step can be suppressed.
- Fig. 22 (b) shows the same radial sampling (hybrid radial scan) as Fig. 11 (b), but, like the radial scan of Fig. 22 (a), k-space is divided into two sections at circular boundaries. The data collection order is controlled so that two adjacent data across the boundary are both data collection start points or both are the end points. As a result, the same effect as in FIG.
- the delay time DT and the data collection time AT can be adjusted according to the heart rate while monitoring the heart rate during imaging as in the second embodiment.
- the method is the same as the method described for the circular sampling in FIG. 21.
- the AT is shortened, the high frequency data is not measured, and when the AT is extended, the high is not measured. Collect area data.
- the imaging sequence includes application of a gradient magnetic field for dephasing or rephasing in three orthogonal directions.
- this embodiment is a further improvement example of the above-described first to third embodiments, and is dephasing or rephasing in all directions of HF, RL, and AP including the lead-out direction. It is characterized by applying a pulse. This is shown in FIG. In the figure, a square filled with black indicates a dephase or rephase pulse. A square surrounded by a dotted line indicates an increase / decrease amount of each encoding amount.
- the measurement control unit (111) controls the sampling locus and / or the number of sampling points of the circular or elliptical sampling according to the delay time from the synchronization signal and the signal acquisition time.
- the measurement control unit (111) includes calculation units (1141, 1142) for calculating the delay time and the signal acquisition time.
- the calculation unit calculates the delay time and the signal acquisition time based on the body movement information of the examination target being imaged. Update and control circular or elliptical sampling according to the updated delay time and signal acquisition time.
- the measurement controller (111) should increase or decrease the number of echo trains according to the increase or decrease in signal acquisition time before and after the update.
- the measurement control unit (111) divides the circular or elliptical sampling area into areas for each echo number, and virtually arranges the arrangement position of the same echo number for each shot.
- the measurement control unit (111) determines the circular or elliptical sampling start position according to the effective echo time (TE) so that the echo of the effective TE is arranged in a low region of the k space. .
- a parameter setting unit (1143) that sets the parameters of the imaging sequence is provided, and the measurement control unit (111) controls the sampling trajectory of circular or elliptical sampling according to the parameters set in the parameter setting unit (1143). And minimizing changes in signal strength between adjacent data in the sampling direction.
- a circular or elliptical sampling area is divided into a plurality of sections, and in the sampling of two adjacent sections, the data closest to the boundary between the two sections are both the sampling start position or the sampling end position. Control the sampling trajectory so that
- a circular or elliptical sampling area is divided into a first section including at least the center of k-space and areas on both sides thereof, and a second section including an area not included in the first section.
- the lead-out direction is the traveling direction of the blood vessel of the subject.
- the parameter setting unit that sets the parameters of the imaging sequence sets the imaging parameters using echoes or images measured by the reference scan.
- the parameter setting unit that sets the parameters of the imaging sequence sets the repetition time (TR) of the imaging sequence to a multiple of the cardiac cycle of the subject.
- the imaging sequence should include application of a gradient magnetic field for phase or rephase to modulate the phase of nuclear magnetization centered on blood flow.
- the imaging sequence includes application of gradient magnetic fields for dephasing or rephasing in three orthogonal directions, respectively.
- the imaging sequence is a multi-echo system sequence that continuously acquires a plurality of echo signals after one magnetization excitation.
- the multi-echo sequence is a fast spin echo sequence.
- Circular or elliptical sampling is performed by sampling a k-space region surrounded by a circle or ellipse in an arc shape from one end to the other end in a first direction orthogonal to the readout direction, or circular or elliptical.
- Sampling is performed by sampling a k-space region surrounded by a circle or an ellipse radially from the center toward the periphery of the circle or ellipse.
- the present invention in 3D non-contrast-enhanced MRA, it is possible to prevent deterioration in image quality caused by various causes and provide an MRA image with good image quality useful for diagnosis. Specifically, it is possible to avoid the influence of T2 attenuation in the specific encode axis direction as much as possible, and to obtain a high-quality image with less blur. Further, it is possible to prevent image quality deterioration due to a change in heart rate during imaging. Further, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of a signal intensity step during echo shift and improve the image quality.
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Abstract
Description
計測制御部は、例えば、前記円形又は楕円形のサンプリングのサンプリング軌跡および/又はサンプリング点数を制御する。
本実施形態のMRI装置は、静磁場発生部、傾斜磁場発生部、高周波磁場発生部および磁気共鳴信号受信部を備えた撮像部と、撮像シーケンスに従い、前記撮像部の動作を制御する計測制御部とを備え、前記撮像シーケンスは、三次元k空間のリードアウト方向と直交する面を円形又は楕円形にサンプリングする血管撮像シーケンスを含み、前記計測制御部は、検査対象の体動情報に基づく同期信号を用いて、前記撮像シーケンスの動作を制御し、同期信号からの遅延時間及び信号取得時間に応じて、前記円形又は楕円形のサンプリングを制御する。
計測制御部は、例えば、同期信号からの遅延時間及び信号取得時間に応じて、前記円形又は楕円形のサンプリングのサンプリング軌跡および/又はサンプリング点数を制御する。
本実施形態のMRI装置は、計測制御部が、同期信号からの遅延時間及び信号取得時間を算出する計算部を備え、計算部が、撮像中の検査対象の体動情報に基づき、前記遅延時間及び信号取得時間を更新し、更新された遅延時間及び信号取得時間に応じて、前記円形又は楕円形のサンプリングを制御する。計測制御部は、例えば、更新前後の信号取得時間の増減に応じて、エコートレイン数を増減する。
本実施形態のMRI装置は、撮像シーケンスのパラメータを設定するパラメータ設定部を備え、計測制御部は、パラメータ設定部に設定されたパラメータに応じて、前記円形又は楕円形のサンプリングのサンプリング軌跡を制御し、サンプリング方向に隣接するデータ間の信号強度変化を最小にする。計測制御部は、例えば、円形又は楕円形のサンプリングする領域を複数の区分に分割し、隣接する2つの区分のサンプリングにおいて、当該2つの区分の境界に最も近いデータがともにサンプリングの開始位置又はともにサンプリングの終了位置となるようにサンプリング軌跡を制御する。
本実施形態のMRI装置は、撮像シーケンスが、直交する三方向について、それぞれディフェイズ又はリフェイズ用の傾斜磁場の印加を含むものである。
即ち、本実施形態は、上述した第一~第三実施形態のさらなる改良例であり、リードアウト方向を含む、H-F、R-L、A-Pの全ての方向にディフェイズ又はリフェイズパルスを印加することが特徴である。この様子を図23に示す。図中、黒で塗りつぶした四角がディフェイズ又はリフェイズパルスを示している。また点線で囲った四角は、各エンコード量の増減量を示している。
計測制御部(111)は、同期信号からの遅延時間及び信号取得時間に応じて、前記円形又は楕円形のサンプリングのサンプリング軌跡および/又はサンプリング点数を制御すること。
計測制御部(111)は、前記円形又は楕円形のサンプリング領域をエコー番号毎の領域に分け、同じエコー番号の配置位置をショット毎に仮想的にランダムにすること。
計測制御部(111)は、実効エコー時間(TE)に応じて、該実効TEのエコーが前記k空間の低域に配置されるように、前記円形又は楕円形のサンプリング開始位置を決定すること。
撮像シーケンスのパラメータを設定するパラメータ設定部は、リファレンススキャンによる計測されたエコー又は画像を用いて撮像パラメータを設定すること。
撮像シーケンスのパラメータを設定するパラメータ設定部は、撮像シーケンスの繰り返し時間(TR)を被検体の心周期の複数倍に設定すること。
撮像シーケンスは、直交する三方向について、それぞれディフェイズ又はリフェイズ用の傾斜磁場の印加を含むこと。
撮像シーケンスは、1回の磁化励起後に連続して複数のエコー信号を取得するマルチエコー系シーケンスであること。例えば、マルチエコー系シーケンスは、ファーストスピンエコー系シーケンスであること。
Claims (20)
- 静磁場発生部、傾斜磁場発生部、高周波磁場発生部および磁気共鳴信号受信部を備えた撮像部と、
撮像シーケンスに従い、前記撮像部の動作を制御する計測制御部と、を備えた磁気共鳴イメージング装置において、
前記撮像シーケンスは、三次元k空間のリードアウト方向と直交する面を円形又は楕円形にサンプリングする血管撮像シーケンスを含み、
前記計測制御部は、検査対象の体動情報に基づく同期信号を用いて、前記撮像シーケンスの動作を制御し、同期信号からの遅延時間及び信号取得時間に応じて、前記円形又は楕円形のサンプリングを制御することを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項1に記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置において、
前記計測制御部は、同期信号からの遅延時間及び信号取得時間に応じて、前記円形又は楕円形のサンプリングのサンプリング軌跡および/又はサンプリング点数を制御することを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置において、
前記計測制御部は、前記遅延時間及び信号取得時間を算出する計算部を備え、前記計算部は、撮像中の検査対象の体動情報に基づき、前記遅延時間及び信号取得時間を更新し、
更新された遅延時間及び信号取得時間に応じて、前記円形又は楕円形のサンプリングを制御することを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項3に記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置において、
前記計測制御部は、更新前後の信号取得時間の増減に応じて、エコートレイン数を増減することを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項1に記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置において、
前記計測制御部は、前記円形又は楕円形のサンプリング領域をエコー番号毎の領域に分け、同じエコー番号の配置位置をショット毎に仮想的にランダムにすることを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項1に記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置であって、
前記撮像シーケンスのパラメータを設定するパラメータ設定部を備え、
前記計測制御部は、前記パラメータ設定部に設定されたパラメータに応じて、前記円形又は楕円形のサンプリングのサンプリング軌跡を制御し、サンプリング方向に隣接するデータ間の信号強度変化を最小にすることを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項6に記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置において、
前記計測制御部は、前記円形又は楕円形のサンプリングする領域を複数の区分に分割し、隣接する2つの区分のサンプリングにおいて、当該2つの区分の境界に最も近いデータがともにサンプリングの開始位置又はともにサンプリングの終了位置となるようにサンプリング軌跡を制御することを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項7に記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置において、
前記計測制御部は、前記円形又は楕円形のサンプリングする領域を、少なくともk空間の中心とその両側の領域を含む第1の区分と、第1の区分に含まれない領域を含む第2の区分とに分割することを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項6に記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置において、
前記計測制御部は、実効エコー時間(TE)に応じて、該実効TEのエコーが前記k空間の低域に配置されるように、前記円形又は楕円形のサンプリングする領域を区分わけすることを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項1又は6に記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置において、
前記リードアウト方向が、前記被検体の血管の走行方向であることを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項1又は6に記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置において、
前記撮像シーケンスのパラメータを設定するパラメータ設定部を備え、
前記パラメータ設定部は、リファレンススキャンによる計測されたエコー又は画像を用いて撮像パラメータを設定することを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項1又は6に記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置において、
前記撮像シーケンスのパラメータを設定するパラメータ設定部を備え、
前記パラメータ設定部は、撮像シーケンスの繰り返し時間(TR)を前記被検体の心周期の複数倍に設定することを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項1又は6に記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置であって、
前記撮像シーケンスは、血流を中心とする核磁化の位相を変調するためのディフェイズ又はリフェイズ用の傾斜磁場の印加を含むことを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項13に記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置であって、
前記撮像シーケンスは、直交する三方向について、それぞれディフェイズ又はリフェイズ用の傾斜磁場の印加を含むことを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項1又は6に記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置であって、
前記撮像シーケンスは、1回の磁化励起後に連続して複数のエコー信号を取得するマルチエコー系シーケンスであることを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項15に記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置であって、
前記マルチエコー系シーケンスは、ファーストスピンエコー系シーケンスであることを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項1記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置であって、
前記円形又は楕円形のサンプリングは、円又は楕円で囲まれるk空間領域を、リードアウト方向と直交する第1の方向の一端から他端に向かって円弧状にサンプリングすることを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 請求項1記載の磁気共鳴イメージング装置であって、
前記円形又は楕円形のサンプリングは、円又は楕円で囲まれるk空間領域を、中心から前記円又は楕円の周縁に向かって放射状にサンプリングすることを特徴とする磁気共鳴イメージング装置。 - 磁気共鳴イメージング装置を用いた血管撮像方法であって、
撮像シーケンスとして、三次元k空間のリードアウト方向と直交する面を円形又は楕円形にサンプリングする血管撮像シーケンスを実行し、
その際、検査対象の体動情報に基づく同期信号を用いて、同期信号からの遅延時間及び信号取得時間に応じて、前記円形又は楕円形のサンプリングを制御することを特徴とする血管撮像方法。 - 請求項19に記載の血管撮像方法であって、
同期信号からの遅延時間及び信号取得時間に応じて、前記円形又は楕円形のサンプリングのサンプリング軌跡および/又はサンプリング点数を制御することを特徴とする血管撮像方法。
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