WO2012097494A1 - 用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验单元以及组合器 - Google Patents

用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验单元以及组合器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012097494A1
WO2012097494A1 PCT/CN2011/002082 CN2011002082W WO2012097494A1 WO 2012097494 A1 WO2012097494 A1 WO 2012097494A1 CN 2011002082 W CN2011002082 W CN 2011002082W WO 2012097494 A1 WO2012097494 A1 WO 2012097494A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blood
test
tube
matching
serum
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PCT/CN2011/002082
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘辉
刘大基
Original Assignee
Liu Hui
Liu Daji
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Publication date
Application filed by Liu Hui, Liu Daji filed Critical Liu Hui
Priority to CN2011800434378A priority Critical patent/CN103299194A/zh
Publication of WO2012097494A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012097494A1/zh

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/02Blood transfusion apparatus
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/60General characteristics of the apparatus with identification means
    • A61M2205/6009General characteristics of the apparatus with identification means for matching patient with his treatment, e.g. to improve transfusion security

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a medical test device, and more particularly to a blood test unit for a one-time blood transfusion cross-matching test and a combiner formed by using the unit combination.
  • the blood transfusion blood test to be performed in the blood transfusion department of all levels of hospitals is based on the principle of safe blood transfusion. Apply for the same type of blood source of ABO blood type and RH blood type (if type A RH positive patients need blood transfusion, they must seek type A). RH-positive donors) Separate the blood cells and serum of the transfusion recipient and the recipient, and prepare the blood cells in 50% saline suspension and serum-packed tubes for later use. The test process is mainly to allow the blood and blood cells of the blood donor and the recipient to cross each other and let them react in the test tube to observe the hemolysis and agglutination, and determine whether safe blood transfusion can be performed.
  • the cross-matching test done before the transfusion is more complicated. For example, if you have a fork, you need six tubes (because each blood donor and recipient are between the blood donors and each blood donor). If the recipient needs a trigeminal one, then twelve tubes are needed. From the numbering to the loading, it is necessary to repeatedly load the blood cells and the serum between the recipient and the three donors. (Only the task of the operator is to add blood cells and serum to each tube with the sampler. Each time, 12 tubes are loaded 24 times, and the blood cells and serum are added to the main tube and the secondary tube in a mismatched manner. It can be seen that the operation is very complicated and cumbersome. Therefore, a large number of blood donors are required. In this case, the cross-testing process is more complicated, cumbersome and error-prone. Summary of the invention
  • the invention aims at the problem that the operation of the transfusion blood matching test using the common test tube in the prior art is very complicated and cumbersome, and is prone to error, and provides a blood matching test unit which can be used for the one-time blood transfusion blood matching test, based on The unit, the present invention also provides a blood test combination combiner for a one-time blood transfusion cross-matching test.
  • the use of the present invention greatly simplifies the operational steps of the one-time transfusion blood matching test and is less prone to error.
  • a blood test unit for a one-time blood transfusion blood matching test comprising a transparent test tube, the blood test unit further comprising two sample tubes for adding serum and blood cells, respectively, the transparent test tube being a seal The cavity, the two sample adding tubes are connected to the test tube.
  • the blood test unit further includes an observation portion for microscopic observation.
  • observation portion is a flat transparent test tube. Further, the observation portion is a bottom of a transparent test tube, and the bottom of the transparent test tube is flat.
  • observation portion is a sealed transparent film capsule, and the transparent film capsule is connected to the test tube.
  • the transparent film capsule is oblate and formed by molding with a test tube. Further, the connection between the transparent film capsule and the test tube is 1 cm from the top of the test tube. Further, the two sample adding tubes are connected to form a "Y" type, and the common end of the bottom is connected to the test tube.
  • sample pipe is integrally formed with the test pipe.
  • sample pipe and the test pipe are docked by a screw structure or docked by a super glue. Further, the two sample tubes have different shapes and/or colors, corresponding to serum loading and blood cell loading.
  • one of the two sample tubes has a circular cross section, and the other sample tube has a square cross section.
  • the inlet ends of the two sample adding tubes are provided with a distinguishing structure.
  • the distinguishing structure is that the inlet end of one sample pipe is spherical or cylindrical, and the inlet end of the other sample pipe is columnar or square.
  • the test tube is made of polyethylene transparent plastic and has a diameter of 1.2 cm and a length of 4 cm.
  • the present invention provides a blood test combination combiner for a one-time blood transfusion cross-matching test, the combiner comprising N 2 of the above-mentioned blood test units, N is the number of blood donors, N>2, according to the cross
  • the principle of blood test is to cycle the serum sample tube and the blood sample tube on all the blood test units, so that all the serum sample tubes correspond to the serum of the corresponding blood donor, and all the blood sample tubes correspond to the corresponding blood.
  • the blood cells of the person, and the serum sampling tubes corresponding to the same serum are combined to form N serum loading units, and the blood ball sampling tubes corresponding to the same blood cells are combined to form N blood cell loading units.
  • N 2 blood test units are equally divided into N blood test unit groups, and each blood test unit group includes N blood test units, wherein each blood test unit
  • the serum sampling tubes on the N blood matching test units in the group are combined to form N serum loading units
  • the blood cell sampling tubes on each of the blood matching test units in each of the blood matching test unit groups are respectively The blood cell sampling tubes on one of the blood matching test units of all the blood test unit groups are combined to form N blood cell loading units.
  • N 2 blood test units are equally divided into N blood test unit groups, and each blood test unit group includes N blood test units, wherein each blood test unit
  • the blood cell sampling tubes on the N blood matching test units in the group are combined to form N blood cell loading units, and the serum sampling tubes on each of the blood matching test units in each of the blood matching test unit groups are respectively combined with other
  • the serum sampling tubes on one of the blood matching test units of all the blood test unit groups are combined to form N serum addition units.
  • each blood test unit group includes one blood test unit, and the serum sample tube and the blood sample tube on the two blood test units are combined to form a serum sample unit and a blood cell. Loading unit.
  • the blood test test combiner further includes a test stand for fixing the blood test unit, the test stand includes a plurality of fixing plates and a fixing frame, and the fixing plate is provided with a blood matching test unit The fixing hole is matched with the middle test tube, and the circumferential fixing frame is provided with a matching slot with the fixing plate.
  • the slot array is distributed.
  • the fixing hole of the fixing plate is provided with a plurality of notches in a radial direction, and The fixed holes are divided along the sides to form a plurality of fixed teeth.
  • the bottom of the notch is in the shape of a round hole.
  • notches are symmetrically distributed.
  • the fixing plate and the fixing frame are made of plastic, plexiglass or metal materials.
  • the present invention obtained according to the above scheme fully complies with the reaction principle of cross-matching necessary for safe blood transfusion, and rejects the cumbersome and error-prone process of performing cross-matching test with a test tube, and the serum and blood cells of the test are provided by the present invention.
  • the pre-set sample loading unit in the blood test combination combiner of the one-time transfusion cross-matching test flows down to the desired plastic reaction tube to participate in the cross-reaction, without repeated loading between different tubes; After completion, the naked eye is first observed and then squeezed into the transparent film capsule for microscopic examination reserved in the reaction tube for microscopic examination, which makes the test convenient, fast, simple and regular, and not easy to make mistakes.
  • the invention has a simple structure, low production cost, and is convenient for industrial production.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a blood matching test unit in the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the Y-type blood test unit.
  • Figure 3 is a side view of a flat blood test unit.
  • Figure 4 is a side view of the bottom flat blood matching test unit.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a blood test unit having a transparent film capsule.
  • Figure 6 is a one-for-one blood test combiner.
  • Figure 7 is a split two blood test combination combiner.
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the test stand in the combiner.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of the fixing plate in the test frame.
  • Figure 10 is a top view of the test stand.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of cross-test of blood donors washing red blood cells. detailed description
  • the present invention provides a blood test unit 1 for a one-time transfusion cross-matching test that can be used in place of a glass test tube used in a one-time transfusion cross-matching test.
  • the blood test unit 1 may be entirely made of polyethylene transparent plastic based on the special hygienic requirements of the blood test device and the requirements for the observation test, but it is not limited thereto as long as the above requirements can be achieved.
  • the blood test unit 1 mainly comprises a transparent test tube 11, two sample tubes 12 and 13 in two parts.
  • the transparent test tube 11 is the entire cross-matching test reaction site, which is a sealed cavity.
  • the test tube is made of polyethylene transparent plastic and has a diameter of 1.2 cm and a length of 4 cm.
  • the two sample tubes 12 and 13 are respectively used for conducting the serum and blood cells for conducting the cross-matching test, so that the two sample tubes 12 and 13 are respectively connected to the transparent test tube 11 to facilitate the corresponding serum and blood cells. It is introduced into the transparent test tube 11 to perform a cross-matching reaction.
  • the lengths of the two sample tubes 12 and 13 can be the same or different, depending on the needs.
  • two transparent plastic tubes of the same length are selected as the sample applying tubes 12 and 13, the length of which is 18 cm, and the inner wall diameter of the tube is 5 mm.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and the phase can be adopted according to actual needs.
  • the serum sample tube 12 and the blood sample tube 13 are respectively used.
  • the present invention employs a variety of protocols to distinguish and define one for the serum addition tube 12 and the other for the blood sample application tube 13.
  • the present invention employs tubular tubes of different shapes to distinguish between the serum sample tube 12 and the blood sample application tube 13, such as a tube having a circular cross section as the blood sample application tube 13, and a tube having a square cross section as a tube.
  • the serum sample tube 12 but the present invention is not limited thereto, and other differently shaped tubes may be used to distinguish and define the serum sample tube 12 and the blood sample application tube 13.
  • the invention may also employ a differential structure at the inlet end of the two sample tubes 12, 13. If the tubes of the two sample tubes 12 and 13 are the same, the plastic tube of the above specifications is used, and the inlet end of the blood sample tube 13 is designed to have a spherical shape with a cross section of "0", and the inlet of the serum sample tube 12 is simultaneously The end is designed to have a "port" square shape (as shown in Figure 1).
  • the serum sampling tube 12 and the blood cell sampling tube 13 are distinguished by differently shaped inlet ends, but the specific shape is not limited thereto, and other shapes may be employed as long as the distinction can be achieved, such as a spherical shape and a columnar shape. and many more.
  • tubes of different colors can be used to distinguish and define the serum sample tube 12 and the blood sample tube 13, which is a common technique and will not be described in detail herein.
  • the program also has a variety of derivative programs, such as using different tags to distinguish, etc., can also be applied.
  • the scheme can be applied to both of the above schemes simultaneously.
  • the relevant person can very intuitively and accurately determine which tube is used for adding serum, which tube is used for adding blood cells, which is very convenient and not easy to make mistakes.
  • the transparent test tube 11 can be connected in various ways, and the serum sample tube 12 and the blood sample application tube 13 are directly connected to the transparent test tube 11 respectively. If it can be integrally formed with the transparent test tube 11, a corresponding connecting hole may be provided on the transparent test tube 11, and the serum sample tube 12 and the blood sample adding tube 13 respectively pass through a screw joint structure or through a superglue and a transparent test tube. 11 docking to form a whole.
  • a "Y" type is formed between the serum sample tube 12 and the blood sample application tube 13, and the common end of the bottom is connected to the test tube.
  • the connection may be formed integrally with the transparent test tube 11, or a corresponding connection hole may be provided on the transparent test tube 11, and the "Y" type serum sample tube 12 and the bottom common end of the blood sample application tube 13 pass.
  • the screwing structure or the superplastic glue is connected to the transparent test tube 11 to form a whole.
  • the blood test unit 1 of the present invention further includes an observation portion 14 for microscopically observing an adverse reaction such as fine agglutination after cross-reaction in the transparent test tube 11.
  • the observation portion 14 may be a tube body of the entire transparent test tube.
  • the tube of the transparent test tube is flat.
  • the observation portion 14 is the bottom of the transparent test tube.
  • the bottom of the transparent test tube is flat.
  • the observation portion 14 is a transparent film capsule 14, which is a sealed cavity which is connected to the test tube 11.
  • the transparent film capsule 14 of the present invention is designed to be oblate and formed integrally with the test tube.
  • the specific size is similar to that of a monocoin, that is, about 2-4 cm in diameter, but is not limited thereto.
  • the junction of the transparent film capsule 14 and the test tube 11 is 1 cm from the top of the test tube. This does not affect the reaction results and is also easy to observe.
  • the present invention can be directly observed through a microscope through the transparent film capsule 14 without the cumbersome steps of observing the glass tube to the slide, that is, This avoids problems in the operation of the glass test tube to the slide.
  • a label of a different color may be attached to the neck of the test tube 11, and a cross-unit number, a corresponding blood cell and serum number, and medical information (such as a department, Bed number, name, barcode information, etc.).
  • the present invention also provides a blood matching test combiner for a one-time blood transfusion cross-matching test.
  • the combiner includes a plurality of the above-mentioned blood matching test units, and the number of the blood matching test units corresponds to the number of blood matching N, which is N 2 , N>2 (since the number of the scholars is at least 2) Two, a blood recipient and a blood donor).
  • N the number of blood matching test units
  • the serum of each blood donor should be cross-reacted with the blood cells of other blood-matchers, and the blood cells should be cross-reacted with the serum of other blood-matchers.
  • the serum sampling tube and the blood cell sampling tube on all the blood matching test units are cyclically matched, so that all the serum sampling tubes correspond to the serum of the corresponding blood matching person, and all the blood cell sampling tubes respectively correspond to the blood cells of the corresponding blood matching person. And combining serum sampling tubes corresponding to the same serum to form N serum loading units, and combining blood cell sampling tubes corresponding to the same blood cells to form N blood cell loading units.
  • the present invention provides a specific loop matching method (shown in FIG. 7), which divides N 2 blood test units into N blood test unit groups, and each blood test unit group includes N blood test units, wherein the serum sample tubes on the N blood test units in each of the blood test unit groups are combined to form N serum sample units, and each of the blood test unit groups
  • the blood cell sampling tubes on the blood matching test units are combined with the blood ball sampling tubes on a blood matching test unit of all other blood matching test unit groups to form N blood cell loading units.
  • each of the N blood test units in the blood test unit group corresponds to one serum sample unit, and the N blood test units respectively correspond to N blood sample loading units, so that each group is matched with blood.
  • one serum loading unit is added to its own serum and blood cells, which is used for comparison, as a comparison unit, which is convenient for observation and comparison, and the remaining N-1 blood test units are used to complete with other blood donors. Cross-matching reaction of blood cells.
  • each serum loading unit corresponds to the serum of one blood donor, and the N serum tubes are added.
  • the blood of the blood donor at the same time, the blood cells of the N blood donor are respectively passed through N blood cells.
  • the sample loading unit performs the loading, that is, each blood cell loading unit corresponds to a blood cell of a blood donor, wherein
  • N blood cells plus tubes are added to the blood cells of the blood donor.
  • a cross-matching test of blood serum of one blood donor and all other blood donors can be completed, and a reaction unit of self-serum and blood cells is also provided.
  • the present invention provides another loop matching method, which is to reverse the combination method of the above-mentioned serum sample tube and blood cell sample tube, that is, N 2 blood test units are equally divided into N a blood test unit group, each blood test unit group includes N blood test units, wherein the blood test tubes on the N blood test units in each blood test unit group are combined to form N blood cells
  • the sample loading unit at the same time, the serum sample tube on each of the blood test units in each of the blood test unit groups is combined with the serum sample tube on a blood test unit of all other blood test unit groups. N serum loading units are formed together.
  • the combiner comprises two blood test units 1, 2, the serum sample tubes 12 and 22 on the two blood test units 1, 2 and the blood sample application tubes 13, 23 are combined to form a serum sample.
  • the present invention also provides a test stand 100 for a fixed blood test unit.
  • the test stand 100 includes a plurality of fixed plates 101 and a holder 102.
  • each of the fixing plates 101 has a square shape, and a fixing hole 101a fitted to the test tube in the blood matching test unit is opened, so that the blood matching test unit is fixed therein.
  • the fixing plate 101 is provided with a plurality of notches 101b in the radial direction on the fixing hole 101a, and the edge of the fixing hole is divided to form a plurality of fixing teeth 101c.
  • the present invention is provided with five notches 101b symmetrically on the fixing hole 101a, the bottom of the notch is a circular hole shape, and the edge of the fixing hole is divided into five fixed teeth 101c, thereby further improving the matching blood.
  • the test unit has a fixed effect.
  • the frame structure is a whole frame, and the left and right sides are the support frame 102a.
  • the front and rear sides are open while the top is open, and a plurality of slots 102b are arranged side by side, and the spacing between the slots 102b is matched with the fixing plate 101, so that the fixing plate 101 can be inserted into the front and rear sides of the fixing frame 102.
  • the slots 102b are arranged in an array and are arranged in an array (as shown in FIG. 10). In this way, all the blood matching test units in the entire combiner can be placed in the test stand 100, and a set of arrangement can be arranged according to the blood test unit group, thereby avoiding unnecessary troubles in the test. The trouble is that it is easy to observe and can improve the convenience of the cross-matching test.
  • the fixing plate and the fixing frame on it can be made of plastic, organic 3 ⁇ 4 or metal material.
  • the test is for a blood donor and a donor. As shown in Figure 6, the test uses a one-for-one blood test combination.
  • the combiner includes two blood test units 1, 2, two.
  • the serum sampling tubes 12, 22 and the blood cell sampling tubes 13, 23 on the blood matching test units 1, 2 are combined to form a serum loading unit 3 and a blood cell loading unit 4, respectively.
  • the cross section of the serum sample tube on each of the blood test units is " ⁇ , type, and the cross section of the blood sample tube is "0".
  • the two blood test units 1, 2 are arranged on the test stand as needed, and the serum sample tubes 12 and 22 and the blood sample application tubes 13, 23 are respectively combined to form a serum sample unit 3 and a blood cell loading unit. 4. And the green label number is attached to the two " ⁇ " type serum sampling tubes 12, 22 in the serum loading unit 3, and the two "0" type blood ball sampling tubes 13, 23 are placed in the blood cell loading unit 4. Paste the red label number.
  • the blood test unit 1 of the blood donor blood serum and the blood donor blood cell is added as a main tube, and the serum sample tube 12 is added to the blood donor serum 0.5 ml, and the blood cell sample tube 13 is added to the blood sample tube 13 Blood donor blood pool saline 0.3ml.
  • the blood test unit 2 which is added to the blood cells of the recipient and the serum of the donor is used as a secondary tube, and the serum sample tube 22 is added to the blood donor serum 0.5 ml, and the blood sample addition tube 23 is added to the 50% recipient. Blood cell saline 0.3 ml.
  • the recipient was numbered 0 for ease of presentation and the two donors were numbered 1, 2, respectively.
  • this test uses a binary-matching blood test combiner.
  • the 9-matching test unit was evenly divided into three blood test unit groups A0, Al, and A2, and each blood test unit group included three blood test units.
  • the three "mouth” type serum sample tubes 12, 22, 32 on the three blood test units 1, 2, 3 in the blood test unit AO are combined to form a serum sample unit A01, and the serum is added.
  • the sample unit A01 corresponds to the serum of the recipient No. 0, that is, the serum sample tubes 12, 22, and 32 are added to the serum of the recipient No. 0.
  • the three " ⁇ " plow serum sampling tubes 42, 52, 62 on the three blood test units 4, 5, 6 in the blood test unit group A1 are combined to form a serum sample unit Al l , which is added
  • the sample unit Al l corresponds to the serum of the donor No. 1, that is, the serum sample tubes 42, 52, 62 are added to the serum of the donor No. 1.
  • the three " ⁇ " type serum sample tubes 72, 82, 92 on the three blood test units 7, 8, 9 in the blood test unit group A2 are combined to form a serum sample unit ,2, and the serum is loaded.
  • the unit A21 corresponds to the serum of the donor No. 2, that is, the serum sample tubes 42, 52, 62 are added to the serum of the donor No. 2.
  • the "O" type blood sample adding tube 13 in the blood matching test unit 1 of the blood matching test unit group AO is respectively the "0" type blood sample adding tube in the blood matching test unit 4 in the blood matching test unit group A1.
  • 43 and the "0" type blood sample adding tube 73 in the blood matching test unit ⁇ in the blood matching test unit group A2 are combined to form a blood cell loading unit A22, which corresponds to the blood of the blood donor No. 2
  • the ball that is, the blood cell sampling tubes 13, 43, and 73 are all added to the blood cells of the blood donor No. 2.
  • the "0" type blood sample adding tube 23 in the blood matching test unit 2 in the blood matching test unit group AO is respectively the ' ⁇ ' type blood sample adding tube 53 in the blood matching test unit 5 in the blood matching test unit group A1.
  • the "0" type blood sample adding tube 83 in the blood matching test unit 8 in the blood test unit group A2 is combined to form a blood cell loading unit A12, which corresponds to the blood cell of the blood donor No. 1, that is,
  • the blood cell sampling tubes 23, 53, and 83 are all added to the blood cells of the blood donor No. 1.
  • the ' ⁇ ' type blood cell sampling tube 33 in the blood matching test unit 3 in the blood matching test unit group AO is respectively the "0" type blood sample adding tube 63 in the blood matching test unit 6 in the blood matching test unit group A1.
  • the "O" type blood sample adding tube 93 in the blood matching test unit 9 in the blood matching test unit group A2 is combined to form a blood cell loading unit A02, which corresponds to the blood cell of the 0th blood donor, that is, Among them, the blood cell sample tubes 33, 63, and 93 are all added to the blood cells of the recipient 0.
  • the specification simplifies the loading procedure, and the above-mentioned combiner is fixed to the test frame according to the corresponding grouping arrangement in use, and according to the above corresponding relationship, the corresponding blood cell suspension is added to each blood cell loading unit.
  • the solution was 0.3 ml, and 0.5 ml of the corresponding serum was added to each serum sample unit.
  • a test of the blood serum of a blood donor and all blood donors can be completed, including a blood cell and serum control unit of the blood group, such as the AO group.
  • the combiner provided by the present invention can perform trigeminal, quadruple, and the like according to the number of blood donors, and the corresponding grouping and combination can be realized according to the above scheme.
  • the specific operation is the same as above, and will not be described here.
  • the cross-test tube is the same as the cross-test tube for whole blood, that is, the blood test unit provided by the present invention is used.
  • the disposable blood transfusion matching experiment combiner provided by the invention applies the numbering and sampling complicated complicated blood matching cross-reaction process to the pre-filling tube array combination device for numbering and loading.
  • Make the test label eye-catching add samples according to the coordinates to prevent the error from being fast and accurate, improve the accuracy, shorten the time and play a credible role, especially when transferring multiple blood, using coordinate combination pairing, significantly reducing the loading
  • the number of times the program is repeated such as trigeminal one, multi-fork one, is only required to concentrate the blood sample tube of 0, 1, 2, 3 in the corresponding "mouth" serum loading unit by three (multiple) units plus 0.5 ml serum.
  • the reaction tube of the present invention is provided with a film capsule, which facilitates observation of each cross reaction with a microscope, with or without fine agglutination. The round-trip sampling time from the original glass tube slide was saved.
  • the disposable blood transfusion cross-expansion combination applicator can be kept as a blood transfusion bag after being used up, and disposed according to the hospitality requirements, avoiding the risk of occupational exposure when the staff cleans and disinfects the test tube and the slide, and meets the hospitality requirements.

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Description

用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验单元以及组合器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种医疗试验器材, 具体涉及一种用于一次性输血交叉配 血试验的配血试验单元以及利用该单元组合形成的组合器。 背景技术
到目前为止, 各级医院输血科要做的输血交叉配血试验均是根据安全 输血的原则, 申请 ABO血型和 RH血型相同型的血源 (如 A型 RH阳性患 者需输血则必须寻求 A型 RH阳性的供血者), 将输血者和受血者的血球和 血清分别进行分离并将血球配成 50%盐水悬液和血清分装试管中以备用。 试验过程主要是让供血者及受血者的血清和血球进行相互交叉让其在试管 内反应再观察其溶血凝集现象, 判断能否实施安全输血。
在现有技术中, 输血交叉配血试验还尚无专用器具, 通常是采用普通 试管来进行试验, 这种试验如一位病人只输一人份血, 则在输血交叉配血 试验时, 应取主、 次两个试管分别加入: 受血者血清 +供血者血球 (主管) 和受血者血球 +供血者血清(次管)。 25-30°C, 5-10分钟离心取出, 利用肉 眼观察有无溶血和凝集现象, 再将叉后血液滴入玻片上用显微镜观察有无 凝集现象,最后报告主、次管有无溶血和凝集现象,结论"相符"或"不相符", 并以此来判断可否输入此供血者的血液。
如果受血者需要大量输血 (两人份以上)供血者血液的情况下,其输血前 所做的交叉配血试验就更为复杂。 例如二叉一就需要六支试管 (因为每位供 血者与受血者之间以及每位供血者之间都要进行交叉配血试验), 如果受血 者需要三叉一时, 那要十二支试管, 从编号到加样要进行反复多次将受血 者和三个供血者之间的血球和血清隔位加样 (仅加样这一任务操作者用加 样器给每支试管加血球和血清各一次, 则十二支试管要加样 24次, 而且还 要把血球和血清按配对错位的方式加到主管和次管, 可见其操作是非常复 杂繁琐的), 因此需要多位供血者大量血液的情况下, 交叉试验过程更为复 杂繁琐且易出错。 发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中采用普通试管进行输血交叉配血试验所存在的 操作非常复杂繁琐, 且容易出错的问题, 而提供一种可用于一次性输血交 叉配血试验的配血试验单元, 基于该单元, 本发明还提供一种用于一次性 输血交叉配血试验的配血试验组合器。 利用本发明能够大大简化一次性输 血交叉配血试验的操作步骤, 并且不易出错。
为了达到上述目的, 本发明采用如下的技术方案:
用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验单元, 包括透明试验管, 所 述配血试验单元还包括分别用于加血清和血球的两根加样管, 所述透明试 验管为一密封腔体, 所述两根加样管与试验管连接导通。
在上述方案的最优实例中, 所述配血试验单元还包括用于显微镜观察 的观察部。
进一步的, 所述观察部为扁平状的透明试验管。 ' 进一步的, 所述观察部为透明试验管底部, 所述透明试验管底部为扁 平状。
进一步的, 所述观察部为密封的透明薄膜囊, 所述透明薄膜囊与试验 管连接导通。
再进一步的, 所述透明薄膜囊为扁圆状, 与试验管一^ ^成型而成。 再进一步的, 所述透明薄膜囊与试验管的连接处距试验管顶部 lcm。 进一步的,所述两根加样管连接形成 "Y "型, 其底部公用端与试验管相 接导通。
进一步的, 所述加样管与试验管一体成型。
进一步的,所述加样管与试验管通过螺接结构对接或通过强力胶对接。 进一步的, 所述两根加样管的形状和 /或颜色不同, 对应血清加样和血 球加样。
再进一步的, 所述两根加样管中一加样管的截面为圆形, 另一加样管 的截面为方形。
进一步的, 所述两根加样管的进口端设置有区别结构。
再进一步的, 所述区别结构为一根加样管的进口端为球状或圆柱状, 另一根加样管的进口端为柱状或方体状。 进一步的, 所述试验管由聚乙烯透明塑料制成, 其直径为 1.2cm, 长 4cm。
基于上述方案, 本发明提供的用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试 验组合器, 该组合器包括 N2个上述配血试验单元, N为配血者人数, N>2, 根据交叉配血试验原则对所有配血试验单元上的血清加样管和血球加样管 进行循环配对, 使得所有血清加样管分别对应相应配血者的血清, 所有血 球加样管分别对应相应配血者的血球, 并将对应相同血清的血清加样管组 合在一起, 形成 N个血清加样单元, 将对应相同血球的血球加样管组合在 一起, 形成 N个血球加样单元。
进一步的,所述循环配对时,将 N2个配血试验单元平均分为 N个配血 试验单元组, 每个配血试验单元组包括 N个配血试验单元, 其中每个配血 试验单元组中 N个配血试验单元上的血清加样管组合在一起形成 N个血清 加样单元, 同时每个配血试验单元组中的每个配血试验单元上的血球加样 管分别与其它所有配血试验单元组的某一配血试验单元上的血球加样管组 合在一起形成 N个血球加样单元。
进一步的,所述循环配对时,将 N2个配血试验单元平均分为 N个配血 试验单元组, 每个配血试验单元组包括 N个配血试验单元, 其中每个配血 试验单元组中 N个配血试验单元上的血球加样管组合在一起形成 N个血球 加样单元, 同时每个配血试验单元组中的每个配血试验单元上的血清加样 管分别与其它所有配血试验单元组的某一配血试验单元上的血清加样管组 合在一起形成 N个血清加祥单元。
进一步的, 当 N=2时, 每个配血试验单元组包括 1个配血试验单元, 两个配血试验单元上的血清加样管和血球加样管分别组合形成血清加样单 元和血球加样单元。
进一步的, 所述配血试验组合器还包括一用于固定配血试验单元的试 验架, 所述试验架包括复数个固定板和一固定架, 所述固定板上开设有与 配血试验单元中试验管相配合的固定孔, 所述周定架上设置有与固定板相 配合插槽。
进一步的, 所述插槽阵列分布。
进一步的, 所述固定板的固定孔上沿径向方向开设有复数个缺口, 将 固定孔的沿边分割形成复数个固定齿。
再进一步的, 所述缺口的底部为圆孔状。
再进一步的, 所述缺口对称分布。
进一步的, 所述固定板和固定架由塑料、 有机玻璃或金属材料制成。 根据上述方案得到的本发明完全符合安全输血所必须的交叉配血的反 应原理, 其摒弃原来用试管做交叉配血试验的繁琐且容易出错的过程, 将 试验的血清与血球通过本发明提供的一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验 组合器中预先设定好的加样单元向下流至所需达到的塑料反应试管中参加 交叉反应, 无需在不同的试管间进行反复的加样; 反应完毕后, 先肉眼观 察再将反应物挤向反应试管中预留的用于显微镜检査的透明薄膜囊中分别 进行镜检, 使得试验方便、 快捷、 操作简单有规律且不易出错。
在结构上, 本发明结构简单, 制作成本低, 便于工业生产制作。 附图说明
以下结合附图和具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明。
图 1为本发明中配血试验单元的结构示意图。
图 2为 Y型配血试验单元的结构示意图。
图 3为扁平状的配血试验单元的侧视图。
图 4为底部扁平状的配血试验单元的侧视图。
图 5为具有透明薄膜囊的配血试验单元结构示意图。
图 6为一叉一配血试验组合器。
图 7为一叉二配血试验组合器。
图 8为组合器中试验架的截面图。
图 9为试验架中的固定板的结构示意图。
图 10为试验架俯视图。
图 11为洗涤红细胞的供血者交叉试验示意图。 具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、 创作特征、 达成目的与功效易于明白 了解, 下面结合具体图示, 进一步阐述本发明。 参见图 1,本发明提供用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验单元 1, 该试验单元可用于替代一次性输血交叉配血试验中所使用的玻璃试管。
基于配血试验器具的特殊卫生要求以及便于观察试验的要求, 该配血 试验单元 1整体都可采用聚乙烯透明塑料制成, 但是并不限于此, 只要能 够达到上述要求的即可。
由图可知,该配血试验单元 1主要包括透明试验管 11,两根加样管 12、 13两部分。
其中透明试验管 11是整个交叉配血试验反应场所, 其为密封腔体。试 验管由聚乙烯透明塑料制成, 其直径为 1.2cm, 长 4cm。
两根加样管 12、 13分别用于传导进行交叉配血试验的血清和血球, 这 样两根加样管 12、 13分别与透明试验管 11逹接导通, 这样便于将相应的 血清和血球导入到透明试验管 11中进行交叉配血反应。
两根加样管 12、 13长度可以相同或不同, 根据需要而定。 在本实用新 型中,选用两根长度一致的透明塑料管作为加样管 12、 13 ,其长度为 18cm, 管的内壁直径为 5mm, 但是本发明并不限于此, 可以根据实际的需求采用 相适应的长度和宽度的管。
由于两根加样管 12、 13分别用于加样血清和血球, 即分别为血清加样 管 12和血球加样管 13。为了便于区分两个不同功能的加样管,本发明采用 多种方案来区分和确定一个为血清加祥管 12和另一个为血球加样管 13。
为此,本发明采用不同形状的管状来区分血清加样管 12和血球加样管 13, 如采用截面为圆形状的管来作为血球加样管 13, 同时采用截面为方形 状的管来作为血清加样管 12, 但是本发明并不限于此, 还可以采用其他不 同形状的管来区分和确定血清加样管 12和血球加样管 13。
作为另一方案, 本发明还可以采用在两根加样管 12、 13的进口端设置 有区别结构。 如两根加样管 12、 13的管体相同采用上述规格的塑料管, 并 且将血球加样管 13的进口端设计成截面为" 0"型的球状, 同时将血清加样 管 12的进口端设计成截面为"口"方体状(如图 1所示)。 由此通过不同形状 的进口端来区分血清加样管 12和血球加样管 13,但是具体的形状并不限于 此, 同样可采用其他形状, 只要能够达到区分目的就可以了, 如球状与柱 状等等。 作为第三种方案, 可以采用不同颜色的管来区分和确定血清加样管 12 和血球加样管 13, 此方案为常用技术, 此处不加以详述。 该方案还有多种 的衍生方案, 例如利用不同的标签来进行区别等等, 同样可以应用。 该方 案可以同时应用到上述两种方案中。
基于上述方案, 本发明在使用时, 相关人员可非常直观和准确的确定 哪个管用于加血清、 哪个管甩于加血球, 非常的便捷, 且不易出错。
对于血清加样管 12和血球加样管 : 13与透明试验管 11的连接方式可以 有多种,血清加样管 12和血球加样管 13分别直接与透明试验管 11相接导 通。 如可以与透明试验管 11一体成型而成, 也可以在透明试验管 11上设 置相应的连接孔, 血清加样管 12和血球加样管 13分别通过螺接结构或通 过强力胶与透明试验管 11进行对接形成一个整体。
参见图 2, 血清加样管 12和血球加样管 13之间一体形成 "Y"型, 其底 部公用端与试验管相接导通。连接的方式可以为与透明试验管 11一体成型 而成, 也可以在透明试验管 11上设置相应的连接孔, " Y"型的血清加样管 12和血球加样管 13 的底部公用端通过螺接结构或通过强力胶与透明试验 管 11进行对接形成一个整体。
参见图 3至 5, 本发明提供的配血试验单元 1还包括一观察部 14, 该 观察部 14用于显微镜观察该透明试验管 11 中交叉反应后有无细小凝集等 不良反应。
如图 3所示, 该观察部 14, 可以为整个透明试验管的管体。 为便于观 察, 透明试验管的管体为扁平状。
如图 4所示, 该观察部 14为透明试验管的底部。 为便于观察, 透明试 验管的底部为扁平状。
如图 5所示, 观察部 14为一透明薄膜囊 14, 该透明薄膜囊 14为密封 状的腔体, 其与试验管 11连接导通。
为了便于观察, 本发明将透明薄膜囊 14设计为扁圆状, 与试验管一体 成型而成。 其具体大小与一元硬币相近, 即直径约 2-4cm, 但是并不限于 此。 同时, 透明薄膜囊 14与试验管 11的连接处距试验管顶部 lcm。 这样 不影响反应结果, 也便于观察。 由此, 通过透明薄膜囊 14本发明可直接通 过显微镜进行观察, 无需通过玻璃试管到玻片进行观察的繁琐步骤, 即方 便又避免玻璃试管到玻片的操作过程中存在的问题。
基于上述方案得到的配血试验单元 1在使用时,可以在试验管 11的颈 部贴上不同颜色的标签, 甩于编写交叉单元号、 相应的血球和血清编号、 医疗信息 (如科别、 床号、 姓名、 条码信息等) 等。
为了能够准确快速的对配血者进 fi配血试验, 本发明还提供一种用于 一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验组合器。
参见图 6和图 7,该组合器包括复数个上述配血试验单元,配血试验单 元的个数与配血人数 N相对应, 为 N2 , N>2 (由于配学者的人数至少是 2 两位, 即一位受血者和一位供血者)。 根据交叉配血试验原则, 每位配血者 的血清要与其他配血者的血球进行交叉反应试验, 同时其血球要与其他配 血者的血清进行交叉反应试验, 为此根据交叉配血试验原则对所有配血试 验单元上的血清加样管和血球加样管进行循环配对, 使得所有血清加样管 分别对应相应配血者的血清,所有血球加样管分别对应相应配血者的血球, 并将对应相同血清的血清加样管组合在一起, 形成 N个血清加样单元, 将 对应相同血球的血球加样管组合在一起, 形成 N个血球加样单元。
基于上述方案, 本发明提供一种具体的循环配对方法 (如图 7所示), 其将 N2个配血试验单元平均分为 N个配血试验单元组,每个配血试验单元 组包括 N个配血试验单元, 其中每个配血试验单元组中 N个配血试验单元 上的血清加样管组合在一起形成 N个血清加样单元, 同时每个配血试验单 元组中的每个配血试验单元上的血球加样管分别与其它所有配血试验单元 组的某一配血试验单元上的血球加样管组合在一起形成 N个血球加样单 元。
这样形成的组合器, 其中每组配血试验单元组中的 N个配血试验单元 对应一个血清加样单元, N个配血试验单元分别对应 N个血球加样单元, 这样在每组配血试验单元组中, 有一个血清加样单元是加入自身的血清和 血球, 其用于对比, 作为对比单元, 这样便于观察比较, 其余 N-1个配血 试验单元用于完成与其他配血者血球的交叉配血反应。
其操作方便, 只要将 N位配血者的血清分别通过 N个血清加样单元进 行加样, 即每个血清加样单元对应一位配血者的血清, 其中的 N个血清加 管都加入该位配血者的血清; 同时将 N位配血者的血球分别通过 N个血球 加样单元进行加样, 即每个血球加样单元对应一位配血者的血球, 其中的
N个血球加管都加入该位配血者的血球。 由此, 在一组配血试验单元组中, 即可完成一位配血者的血清与其他所有配血者血球的交叉配血试验, 同时 具有一个自身血清与血球的反应对比单元。
基于上述具体方案的原理, 本发明提供另一种循环配对方法, 该配对 方法是将上述的血清加样管和血球加样管的组合方法对调, 即将 N2个配血 试验单元平均分为 N个配血试验单元组,每个配血试验单元组包括 N个配 血试验单元, 其中每个配血试验单元组中 N个配血试验单元上的血球加样 管组合在一起形成 N个血球加样单元, 同时每个配血试验单元组中的每个 配血试验单元上的血清加样管分别与其它所有配血试验单元组的某一配血 试验单元上的血清加样管组合在一起形成 N个血清加样单元。
其具体的原理和操作方式与上述相似, 此处不加以赘述。
当只有两个配血者的时候, 即 N=2时, 此时配血交叉试验比较简单, 只要利用自身的血清与对方的血球和自身的血球与对方的血清试验即可, 无需什么对照单元。 为此, 本发明针对 N=2时, 提供一种优化的组合器。 如图 6, 该组合器包括两个配血试验单元 1、 2, 两个配血试验单元 1、 2上 的血清加样管 12、 22和血球加样管 13、 23分别组合形成血清加样单元 3 和血球加样单元 4。
由于上述方案可知, 当配血人数增加时, 其所需的配血试验单元的个 数是成倍增加的, 其数目比较的多, 通过手持是不现实的。 为此, 本发明 还提供一种用于固定配血试验单元的试验架 100。
参见图 8, 该试验架 100包括复数个固定板 101和一固定架 102。
参见图 9,每个固定板 101为方形,其上开设有与配血试验单元中试验 管相配合的固定孔 101a, 这样便于配血试验单元固定其中。
进一步的, 固定板 101在固定孔 101a上沿径向方向开设有复数个缺口 101b, 将固定孔的沿边分割形成复数个固定齿 101c。
如图所示,本发明在固定孔 101a上对称的开设有 5个缺口 101b,该缺 口的底部为圆孔状, 并将固定孔的沿边分割形成 5个固定齿 101c, 这样进 一步提高对配血试验单元固定效果。
对于固定架 102, 整体为一方框的框架结构, 左右两侧是支撑架 102a, 前后两侧开口,同时顶部开口,且并列的设置有多个插槽 102b,且插槽 102b 间的间距与固定板 101相配合, 使得固定板 101能够从固定架 102的前后 两侧插入到插槽 102b间中并阵列分布(如图 10所示)。这样使得整个组合 器中的所有配血试验单元能够安置在试验架 100中, 并且可以按照配血试 验单元组进行一组一组的排布安置, 避免试验 ^元混乱给观察比较带来不 必要的麻烦, 这样既便于观察又能够提高交叉配血试验的便捷性。 - 对于试验架 100的材质, 其上的固定板和固定架可以由塑料、 有机 ¾ 璃或金属材料制成。
基于上述方案得到的配血试验组合器的具体交叉配血试验过程如下:
1、 一叉一试验
该试验针对一位受血者和一位供血者的情况, 如图 6所示, 该试验采 用一叉一配血试验组合器, 该组合器包括两个配血试验单元 1、 2, 两个配 血试验单元 1、 2上的血清加样管 12、 22和血球加样管 13、 23分别组合形 成血清加样单元 3和血球加样单元 4。
其中每个配血试验单元上的血清加样管的截面为 "□,,型,血球加样管的 截面为 "0"型。
首先根据需要将两个配血试验单元 1、 2交叉排列在试验架上, 同时将 血清加样管 12、 22和血球加样管 13、 23分别组合形成血清加样单元 3和 血球加样单元 4。 并且将血清加样单元 3 中两个 "□"型血清加样管 12、 22 上贴上绿色标签编号, 同时将血球加样单元 4中两个 "0"型血球加样管 13、 23上贴上红色标签编号。
试验加样时, 对 "□"型贴绿色标签管按编号加入 0.5ml血清, 对 "0"型 贴红色标签管按编号加入血球悬液。
其中, 将加入受血者血清原液和供血者血球的配血试验单元 1作为主 管, 其上的血清加样管 12加入受血者血清 0.5ml, 同时其上的血球加样管 13加入 50%供血者血球盐水 0.3ml。
将加入受血者血球和供血者血清的配血试验单元 2作为次管, 其上的 血清加样管 22加入供血者血清 0.5ml,同时其上的血球加样管 23加入 50% 受血者血球盐水 0.3ml。
在完成加样后, 对两个配血试验单元进行一下操作: ( 1 )将上述两个配血试验单元中透明试管内的交叉物轻轻摇动, 混匀 后放入 25°C温箱中反应 5-10分钟;
(2)取出低速离心 2分钟,在分别观察上清液,有无溶血、凝集现象;
(3 )若无溶血、 凝集现象, 则将透明试管内反应物摇匀后轻推入其上 的透明薄膜囊中用显微镜观察有无细小凝集现象。
(4) 当受血者血清 +供血者血球、 供血者血清 +受血者血球均无溶血、 凝集现象, 结论"相符"报告后临床方可输血。
2、 二叉一试验
该试验针对一位受血者和两位供血者的情况, 为便于表述将受血者编 号为 0, 两位供血者分别编号为 1、 2。
如图 7所示, 该试验采用二叉一配血试验组合器。 该组合器 9 (N2, N=3 )个配血试验单元 1-9。 根据交叉配血试验原则, 将 9配血试验单元均 匀分为三个配血试验单元组 A0、 Al、 A2, 每个配血试验单元组分别包括 三个配血试验单元。
其中将配血试验单元组 AO中三个配血试验单元 1、 2、 3上的三个 "口" 型血清加样管 12、 22、 32组合在一起形成血清加样单元 A01, 该血清加样 单元 A01对应于 0号受血者的血清, 即其中的血清加样管 12、 22、 32都加 入 0号受血者的血清。
将配血试验单元组 A1中三个配血试验单元 4、 5、 6上的三个"□ "犁血 清加样管 42、 52、 62组合在一起形成血清加样单元 Al l , 该血清加样单元 Al l对应于 1号供血者的血清, 即其中的血清加样管 42、 52、 62都加入 1 号供血者的血清。 '
将配血试验单元组 A2中三个配血试验单元 7、 8、 9上的三个"□ "型血 清加样管 72、 82、 92组合在一起形成血清加样单元 Α2 , 该血清加样单元 A21对应于 2号供血者的血清, 即其中的血清加样管 42、 52、 62都加入 2 号供血者的血清。
同时, 将配血试验单元组 AO中配血试验单元 1中的" O"型血球加样管 13分别于配血试验单元组 A1中配血试验单元 4中的" 0"型血球加样管 43 和配血试验单元组 A2中配血试验单元 Ί中的" 0"型血球加样管 73组合在 一起形成血球加样单元 A22, 该血球加样单元 A22对应于 2号供血者的血 球, 即其中的血球加样管 13、 43、 73都加入 2号供血者的血球。
将配血试验单元组 AO中配血试验单元 2中的" 0"型血球加样管 23分 别于配血试验单元组 A1中配血试验单元 5中的 'Ό"型血球加样管 53和配 血试验单元组 A2中配血试验单元 8中的" 0"型血球加样管 83组合在一起 形成血球加样单元 A12, 该血球加样单元 A12对应于 1号供血者的血球, 即其中的血球加样管 23、 53、 83都加入 1号供血者的血球。
将配血试验单元组 AO中配血试验单元 3中的 'Ό"型血球加样管 33分 别于配血试验单元组 A1 中配血试验单元 6中的" 0"型血球加样管 63和配 血试验单元组 A2中配血试验单元 9中的" O"型血球加样管 93组合在一起 形成血球加样单元 A02, 该血球加样单元 A02对应于 0号受血者的血球, 即其中的血球加样管 33、 63、 93都加入 0号受血者的血球。
通过上述组合器, 规范简化了加样程序, 在使用时将上述组合器按照 相应的分组对应的排列固定到试验架上, 根据上述对应关系, 对每个血球 加样单元都加入相应的血球悬液 0.3ml,对每个血清加样单元都加入相应的 血清 0.5ml。
由此, 在一组配血试验单元组中即可完成一位配血者的血清与所有配 血者血球的反应试验, 其中包括该位配血者自身血球和血清的对照单元, 如 AO组中的配血试验单元 3, A1组中的配血试验单元 5, A2组中的配血 试验单元 7。
后续的操作和报告同上一叉一试验, 此处不加以赘述。
基于上述二叉一试验, 利用本发明提供的组合器根据配血者的人数以 此类推可以进行三叉一、 四叉一等等, 只需稂据上述方案实现相应的分组 和组合即可。 具体的操作同上, 此处不加以赘述。
3、 只需洗涤红细胞的供血者交叉试验 (部供血清)
对于只供受血者洗涤红细胞的也必须要进行交叉试验, 其交叉实验管 与供全血的交叉试验管相同, 即采用本发明提供的配血试验单元。
把每位供血者的红细胞悬液与受血者血清逐个进行单管 (主管) 交叉 即可, 具体如图 11所示。 '
本发明提供的一次性输血交叉配血实验组合器将原本从编号、 加样复 杂繁琐的配血交叉反应过程应用于预达加样管排列组合器进行编号加样, 做到试验标签醒目, 按坐标集中加样以防出错达到迅速准确无误, 提高准 确度, 缩短时间起到可信的作用, 特别是输多位血时, 采用坐标组合配对, 明显减少了加样的程序重复的次数,如三叉一, 多叉一都只要按三 (多)个单 元集中相应的 "口"血清加样单元中 0、 1、 2、 3的血清加样管加上 0.5ml血 清; " 0,,血球加样单元中中的 0、1、2、3的血球加样管加上血球悬液各 0.3ml, 即整个过程只需 8次取样、 加样过程, 操作者能按排列加样, 头脑清晰不 乱 (此装置可平常预先排列备用, 遇急诊需立即使用时达到方便、 快捷的效 果)。
本发明中的反应试管附带簿膜囊, 便于用显微镜观察每个交叉反应, 有无 细小凝集。 省掉了原来由每支玻璃试管转玻片的往返取样时间。
同时, 一次性输血交叉实验组合加样器用完后可像输血袋一样保留备 查, 按院感要求进行处置, 避免了工作人员清洗消毒试管和玻片时发生职 业暴露的危险, 符合院感要求。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、 主要特征和本发明的优点。 本 行业的技术人员应该了解, 本发明不受上述实施例的限制, 上述实施例和 说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理, 在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前 提下, 本发明还会有各种变化和改进, 这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的 本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims

权 利 要求
1、 用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验单元, 包括透明试验管, 其 特征在于, 所述配血试验单元还包括分别甩于加血清和血球的两根加样管, 所 述透明试验管为一密封腔体, 所述两根加样管与试验管连接导通。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的甩于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验单元, 包括透明试验管, 其特征在于, 所述试验管由聚乙烯透明塑料制成, 其直径为 1.2cm, 长 4cm。
3、根据权利要求 1所述的用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验单元, 包括透明试验管, 其特征在于, 所述配血试验单元还包括用于显! [镜观察的观 察部。
4、根据权利要求 3所述的用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验单元, 包括透明试验管, 其特征在于, 所述观察部为扁平状的透明试验管。
5、根据权利要求 3所述的用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验单元, 包括透明试验管, 其特征在于, 所述观察部为透明试验管底部, 所述透明试验 管底部为扁平状。
6、根据权利要求 3所述的用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验 元, 包^ ^透明试验管, 其特征在于, 所述观察部为密封的透明薄膜囊, 所述透明薄 膜囊与试验管连接导通。
7、根据权利要求 6所述的用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验单元, 包括透明试验管, 其特征在于, 述透明薄膜囊为扁圆状, 与试验管一体成型而 成。
8、根据权利要求 6所述的用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验单元, 包括透明试验管, 其特征在于, 所述透明薄膜囊与试验! ^的连接处距试验管顶 部 lc nio
9、根据权利要求 1所述的用于一次性输血交叉配 试验的配血试验单元, 包括透明试验管, 其特征在于, 所述两根加样管连接形成' Ύ"型, 其底部公用 端与试验管相接导通。
10、根据权利要求 1或 9所述的翔于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验 单元, 包括透明试验管, 其特征在于, 所述加样管与试验管一体成型。
11、根据权利要求 1或 9所述的用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验 单元, 所述加样管与试验管通过螺接结构对接或通过强力胶对接。
12、根据权利要求 1或 9所述的用于一次性输 交叉配血试验的配血试验 单元, 所述两根加样管的形状和 /或颜色不同, 对应血清加样和血球加样。
13、根据权利要求 1或 9所述的用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验 单元, 所述两根加样管中一加样管的截面为圆形, 另一加样管的截面为方形。
14、根据权利要求 1或 9所述的用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验 单元, 所述两根加样管的进口端设置有区别结构。 ,
15、 根据权利要求 14 述的用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验单 元, 所述区别结构为一根加样管的进口端为球状或圆柱状, 另一根加样管的进 口端为柱状或方体状。
16、用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验组合器, 其特征在于, 所述 组合器包括 N2个权利要求 1至 9中任一项所述的配血试验单元, N为配血者 人数, N≥2, 根据交叉配血试验原则对所有配血试验单元上的血清加样管和血 球加样管进行循环配对,使得所有血清加样管分别对应相应配血者的血清, 所 有血球加样管分别对应相应配血者的血球,并将对应相同血清的血清加样管组 合在一起,形成 N个血清加样单元,将对应相同血球的血球加样管组合在一起, 形成 N个血球加样单元。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验组 合器, 其特征在于, 所述循环配对时, 将 N2个配血试验单元平均分为 N个配 血试验单元组,每个配血试验单元组包括 N个配血试验单元,其中每个配血试 验单元组中 N个配血试验单元上的血清加样管组合在一起形成 N个血清加样 单元,词时每个配血试验单元组中的每个配血试验单元上的血球加样管分别与 其它所有配血试验单元组的某一配血试验单元上的血球加样管组合在一起形 成 N个血球加样单元。
18、 根据权利要求 16所述的用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验组 合器, 其特征在于, 所述循环配对时, 将 N2个配血试验单元平均分为 N个配 血试验单元组,每个配血试验单元组包括 N个配血试验 元,其中每个配血试 验单元组中 N个配血试验单元上的血球加样管组合在一起形成 N个血球加样. 单元, 同时每个配血试验单元组中的每个配血试验单元上的血清加样管分别与 其它所有配血试验单元组的某一配血试 ¾单元上的血清加样管组合在一起形 成 N个血清加样单元。
19、 根据权利要求 16所述的用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验组 合器, 其特征在于, 当 N=2时, 每个配血试验单元组包括 1个配血试验单元., 两个配血试验单元上的血清加样管和血球加样管分别组合形成血清加样单元 和血球加样单元。
20、 根据权利要求 16所述的用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验组 合器, 其特征在于, 所述配血试验组合器还包括一用于固定配血试验单元的试 验架,所述试验架包括复数个固定板和一固定架, 所述固定板上开设有与配血 试验单元中试验管相配合的固定孔, 所述固定架上设置有与固定板相配合插 槽。
21、 根据权利要求 20所述的用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验组 合器, 其特征在于, 所述插槽阵列分布。
22、 根据权利要求 20所述的用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验组 合器, 其特征在于, 所述固定板的固定孔上沿径向方向开设有复数个缺口, 将 固定孔的沿边分割形成复数个固定齿。
23、 根据权利要求 22所述的用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验组 合器, 其特征在于, 所述缺口的底部为圆孔状。
24、根据权利要求 22或23所述的用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试 验组合器, 其特征在于, 所述缺口对称分布。
25、 根据权利要求 20所述的用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验组 合器, 其特征在于, 所述固定板和固定架由塑料、 有机玻璃或金属材料制成。
PCT/CN2011/002082 2011-01-19 2011-12-12 用于一次性输血交叉配血试验的配血试验单元以及组合器 WO2012097494A1 (zh)

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