WO2012096932A1 - Improved steel pipe piles and pipe pile structures - Google Patents
Improved steel pipe piles and pipe pile structures Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012096932A1 WO2012096932A1 PCT/US2012/020738 US2012020738W WO2012096932A1 WO 2012096932 A1 WO2012096932 A1 WO 2012096932A1 US 2012020738 W US2012020738 W US 2012020738W WO 2012096932 A1 WO2012096932 A1 WO 2012096932A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- water
- pipe piles
- zone
- material thickness
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/24—Prefabricated piles
- E02D5/28—Prefabricated piles made of steel or other metals
- E02D5/285—Prefabricated piles made of steel or other metals tubular, e.g. prefabricated from sheet pile elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/06—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against corrosion by soil or water
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/02—Sheet piles or sheet pile bulkheads
- E02D5/03—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles
- E02D5/04—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles made of steel
- E02D5/06—Fitted piles or other elements specially adapted for closing gaps between two sheet piles or between two walls of sheet piles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improvement in pipe piles - and especially, steel pipe piles - which are adapted to be driven into the earth for use as a structural element in a foundation or in a wall. More particularly, the present
- invention relates to metal pipe piles, for use in a foundation or wall , which are subject to corrosion by the elements .
- Fig. 1 shows a retaining wall 10, formed of a row of steel pipe piles for example, which holds back the earth 12 on the edge of the sea 14.
- an earth anchor 16 provides horizontal support for the pipe piles against lateral forces exerted by the earth side 12. With such an anchor in place , the pipe piles are subject to a bending moment with a distribution, along their length, as shown by the graph 18.
- the vertical levels of the retaining wall are divided into zones , depending on the expected rates of corrosion of the steel. These zones, which are defined by the expected water levels due to the tides and storms are called, successively from upper to lower , the “splash zone” 20 (from the mean high water level to the top of the wall) ; the “intertidal zone” 22 (between the mean low water and the mean high water levels) ; the “low water zone” 24 (from the lowest water level to the mean low water level) ; the “permanent immersion zone” 26 (from the ocean floor to the lowest water level) ; and the "buried zone” 28 (below the ocean floor) . As shown by the graph 30 the pipe piles have different expected rates of corrosion in each of these zones .
- the outer surface of the pipe piles corrodes away at a prescribed rate, thus decreasing the wall thickness of a pipe pile.
- rusting speed rusting rate in mm/year
- Investigations of steel sheet piling with differing service lives indicate that the rusting speed decreases in time resulting from the formation of a cover layer, unless this cover layer is constantly eroded away by mechanical or chemical action. Accordingly, when rating the decrease in thickness or rusting speed, the design period or "service life", respectively, of the sheet pile member must also be stated.
- steel piling durability concerns are minimal simply because steel piling is usually over-designed, due to the use of a relatively high safety factor with steel as compared to concrete. This inherent factor obviously takes the natural and inevitable aspect of corrosion into account.
- the highest corrosion rates are usually found in the (sea water) splash zone or in the low water zone.
- the highest stresses are usually in the permanent immersion zone 26. See
- the European Pre-standard promulgated as "Eurocode 3: Design of Steel Structures - Part 5: Piling" (BS ENV 1993-5: 1997 and BS ENV 1993-5: 2007) provides tables for the expected loss of thickness due to corrosion for steel pipe piles and steel sheet piles in fresh water and in sea water for temperate climates . For example, in sea water and in the zones of high corrosion rate, it is expected that 7.5 mm of steel will be lost from the steel surface over a period of 100 years.
- the coating is relatively expensive to purchase and apply in such large quantities ;
- the coating which is toxic to plant and fish life, can bleed or rub off in the water .
- a pipe pile which comprises a substantially cylindrical, and preferably steel, pipe body extending longitudinally between two opposite ends , the pipe body being formed of a plurality of pipe
- All of the pipe sections have substantially the same outside diameter; however, two or more pipe sections have differing inside diameters, and thus a differing wall thickness, between the two ends of the pipe pile.
- This structure allows a design engineer to specify the material wall thickness of the pipe piles approximately in accordance with the expected rate of corrosion over the service life of the project, with certain ones of the pipe sections of the pipe piles having a greater wall thickness than other pipe sections .
- Fig. 1 is a representational diagram of a pipe pile retaining wall with accompanying graphs showing the approximate rate of corrosion and a typical bending moment distribution along the length of the pipe piles .
- Fig. 2 is an illustration of a row of pipe piles of the type to which the present invention relates.
- Fig. 3 is a plan view showing two pipe piles linked together by male and female connecting elements, welded to the exterior pipe pile surfaces .
- Fig. 4 is a detailed plan view of the male and female connecting elements shown in Fig . 3.
- Fig. 5 is a detailed plan view showing another embodiment of male and female connecting elements that may be used to connect pipe piles .
- Fig. 6 is a plan view of two pipe piles linked by two Z-shaped sheet piles .
- Fig. 7 is a plan view of two pipe piles linked by a U-shaped sheet pile.
- Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a retaining wall (not to scale) of the type to which the present invention relates .
- Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a pier (not to scale) of the type to which the present invention relates .
- Fig. 10a is a cross-sectional view (not to scale) showing a single pipe pile comprised of three sections, welded together end-to-end along a common longitudinal axis, with each section having the same outer diameter but a differing internal
- Fig. 10b is a lateral cross-sectional view (not to scale) of each pipe pile section of Fig. 10a.
- Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional, detailed view (not to scale) of the abutting ends of two pipe piles of differing wall thickness, welded together along their seam.
- Fig. 1 shows a retaining wall 10 formed of steel pile piles which retains and separates the earth 12, on one side, from the sea 14 on the other.
- the pipe piles in this wall are
- the pipe piles of the retaining wall are driven into the earth below the sea bed with their longitudinal axes arranged
- FIG. 2 shows such a series of pipe piles 32, arranged along a horizontal line 33 and connected together by intermediate connecting elements 34, which are affixed to the external, curved surfaces of the piles by welding.
- Fig. 3 illustrates how two such pipe piles 32 are joined by such connecting elements 34, the details of which are presented in Fig. 4.
- a "male" connecting element 36 is welded to one side of each pipe 32 and a “female” connecting element 38 is welded to the opposite side, over the entire length (or nearly the entire length) of the pipe.
- the pipes are then driven into the earth, one at a time, with the male connecting element 36, welded to one pipe, inserted in and interlocked with the female connecting element 38 that is welded to the next, adjacent pipe.
- Fig. 5 shows another type of connecting element 40 that may be used between adjacent pipes 32 to connect the pipes closely together.
- This connecting element which is similar to the connecting elements described in detail in the U.S. Patent No. 7,168,214, comprises a short male element 42 with an
- Figs . 6 and 7 each show two pipe piles 32 , also arranged side by side and longitudinally in parallel, which are separated by sheet piles instead of connectors only.
- the adjacent pipe piles are connected together by two Z ⁇ shaped sheet piles 50 and 52 ; in Fig. 7 the pipe piles are connected by an intervening U-shaped sheet pile 54.
- Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional side view of a pipe pile 32, one of many in a seaside retaining wall 60.
- the wall supports the earth 62, on one side, from eroding and falling into to the sea 64, on the other.
- the pipes of the wall, represented by pipe 32 pass through the sandy earth 66 beneath the sea floor and are preferably of sufficient length to reach the bedrock 68 below.
- the pipes are transported to the construction site in convenient (e.g. 20 foot) lengths and welded end-to-end when they are installed.
- the pipe sections can either be rammed, section by section, and welded together during the ramming process, or they can be welded first, end to end, and rammed as a single lengthy unit.
- the useful life of a pipe pile and sheet pile wall depends entirely upon the rate of corrosion of the material (e.g., steel) caused by the elements , particularly the exposure to water and/or air.
- the water - particularly salt water, brackish water or polluted water - causes a steel pile wall to corrode at an accelerated rate, particularly in the regions 70 and 72.
- Fig. 9 is a diagram, similar to Fig. 8, which shows the use of steel pipe piles 32 to support an ocean pier 76. Like Fig. 8, this diagram shows an intertidal zone 70 and a splash zone 72. As compared to the pipes of the retaining wall of Fig. 8, the steel pipe piles 32 are subjected to a substantially less bending moment. However, they are subjected to corrosion, especially in the splash zone, intertidal zone, low water zone and permanent immersion zone, as explained above in connection with Fig . 1.
- the pipe piles 32 of Figs. 8 and 9 are of differing wall thickness at different places along their length, so as to take into consideration the differing rates of corrosion during their useful life .
- Fig . 10a shows a length of pipe 32 in three sections: a lower section 86 (intended to remain continuously beneath the water level) ; a middle section 88 (intended for location in the tide zone and splash zone of the wall) and an upper section 90 (intended to remain continuously in the open air) .
- the pipe in section 88 which corrodes at a much faster rate, has a considerably thicker wall than the pipe in sections 86 and 90.
- the pipe section 86 which must withstand a greater bending stress, has a somewhat greater wall thickness than the pipe section 90.
- Fig. 11 shows in detail the welded seam between the pipe sections 86 and 88.
- the ends of the pipe sections are chamfered at an angle of about 30 to 35° , leaving a "land" of at least 1/16 inches to make abutting contact with the adjacent section.
- the weld material 96 fills the space afforded by the chamfer .
- the civil engineer When designing port or a pier, the civil engineer should specify the chamfer for each pipe section, for example 35° with a 1/16 inch land, The engineer should also specify the following parameters : 1. The number, the lengths and the wall thicknesses of all the pipes; more specifically, all the pipe sections that make up the pipes to be used in a project.
- Di ferent pipes in the project may have different outer diameters, but all the pipe sections making up an individual pipe must have the same outer diameter.
- the inner and outer tolerance of the outer diameter for example, an OD of 36 inches from minus 0 to plus 1/4 inch.
- the type and grade of material for example, the steel base grade ASTM A572, Grade 50.
- the type of pipe for example, spiral wound and welded for thinner pipe having a wall thickness of less than 1 inch, or rolled and longitudinally welded for thicker pipe.
- the invention has the advantage of supplanting the need for coating the pipes in regions susceptible to increased corrosion (the tidal zone and splash zone, for example) , while at the same time allowing for reduced pipe thickness in the regions which are less susceptible to corrosion (the region beneath the earth for example) .
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2824049A CA2824049A1 (en) | 2011-01-11 | 2012-01-10 | Improved steel pipe piles and pipe pile structures |
EP12733969.5A EP2663695A4 (en) | 2011-01-11 | 2012-01-10 | Improved steel pipe piles and pipe pile structures |
AU2012205690A AU2012205690B8 (en) | 2011-01-11 | 2012-01-10 | Improved steel pipe piles and pipe pile structures |
BR112013017716A BR112013017716A2 (en) | 2011-01-11 | 2012-01-10 | improved steel tube piles and pipe pile structures |
CN2012800051248A CN103314163A (en) | 2011-01-11 | 2012-01-10 | Improved steel pipe piles and pipe pile structures |
SG2013051743A SG191848A1 (en) | 2011-01-11 | 2012-01-10 | Improved steel pipe piles and pipe pile structures |
JP2013549489A JP2014506966A (en) | 2011-01-11 | 2012-01-10 | Pipe piles, support structures and retaining walls |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201161431491P | 2011-01-11 | 2011-01-11 | |
US61/431,491 | 2011-01-11 | ||
USPCT/US2011/022491 | 2011-01-26 | ||
USPCT/US2011/02491 | 2011-01-26 | ||
PCT/US2011/022491 WO2012096679A1 (en) | 2011-01-11 | 2011-01-26 | Improved steel pipe piles and pipe pile structures |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012096932A1 true WO2012096932A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
WO2012096932A8 WO2012096932A8 (en) | 2013-10-17 |
Family
ID=49328702
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2012/020738 WO2012096932A1 (en) | 2011-01-11 | 2012-01-10 | Improved steel pipe piles and pipe pile structures |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2663695A4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012096932A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10435858B2 (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2019-10-08 | Lawrence S. Maxwell | Modular grid foundation |
US11053655B2 (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2021-07-06 | Lawrence S. Maxwell | Modular grid foundation |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2161721A (en) * | 1984-07-20 | 1986-01-22 | Nippon Steel Corp | Precoated corrosion-resistant steel pipe piles for marine use, and structure thereof |
US20040120775A1 (en) * | 2001-04-25 | 2004-06-24 | Fomenkov Aleksandr Alekseevich | Grooved sheet pile and method for production thereof |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS61155521A (en) * | 1984-12-27 | 1986-07-15 | Nippon Steel Corp | Assembled formwork with reinforcing support metal for preventing corrosion of steel tubular pile |
DE102007020747A1 (en) * | 2007-05-03 | 2008-11-13 | Pilepro Llc | Arrangement of several sheet pile wall components and welding profile for this purpose |
-
2012
- 2012-01-10 WO PCT/US2012/020738 patent/WO2012096932A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-01-10 EP EP12733969.5A patent/EP2663695A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2161721A (en) * | 1984-07-20 | 1986-01-22 | Nippon Steel Corp | Precoated corrosion-resistant steel pipe piles for marine use, and structure thereof |
US20040120775A1 (en) * | 2001-04-25 | 2004-06-24 | Fomenkov Aleksandr Alekseevich | Grooved sheet pile and method for production thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP2663695A4 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10435858B2 (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2019-10-08 | Lawrence S. Maxwell | Modular grid foundation |
US11053655B2 (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2021-07-06 | Lawrence S. Maxwell | Modular grid foundation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2663695A4 (en) | 2015-11-04 |
WO2012096932A8 (en) | 2013-10-17 |
EP2663695A1 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
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