WO2012093388A2 - Biologic sunscreen compositions - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to topical compositions comprising non-viable whole cell algae and uses thereof. Methods of protecting the skin and methods of sun protection are disclosed.

Description

BIOLOGIC SUNSCREEN COMPOSITIONS

FIELD OF THE INVENTION:

[001] This invention provides, inter alia, a biologic sunscreen composition comprising whole mount Algae in a topical formulation. The compositions provide for excellent balance between UV-A and UV-B absorbance/scattering and protection.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[002] The prolonged exposure to UV radiation, such as from the sun, can lead to the formation of light dermatoses and erythemas, as well as increase the risk of skin cancers, such as melanoma, and accelerate skin aging, such as loss of skin elasticity and wrinkling. Light having wavelengths in both the UV-A range (from about 320 to 400 nm) and the UV-B range (from about 280 to about 320 nm) can cause such skin damage, and, thus, sunscreen compositions should preferably comprise both UV-A and UV-B absorbers/reflectors (UV sunscreens).

[003] Numerous UV-B absorbers are available for sunscreening purposes, however there are far fewer choices available for UV-A filtration, particularly in the longer wavelength regions of UV-A (340-400 nm). Another confounding issue in the development of high UV-A containing formulations is the fact that the concentration of such UV-A filters that can be included in sunscreen products is heavily regulated and restricted.

[004] It would therefore be desirable to have a sunscreen composition that provides both UV-A and UV-B protection, which is highly effective yet less toxic than available formulations, for example, using potentially fewer and more biocompatible ingredients. In particular, if would be desirable to have a sunscreen composition that provides equal UV-A absorbance and UV-B absorbance.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[005] The present invention relates to the finding of an unexpected, advantageous effect of whole mount algae, which, when used in a topical preparation, provides compositions having excellent UV-A and UV-B absorbance capability.

[006] This invention provides a topical composition comprising non-viable whole cell algae, wherein the non-viable whole cell algae is present at a concentration of 1-20% w/w. In some embodiments, the non- viable whole cell algae is present at a concentration of 5 -15% w/w and in some embodiments, the non-viable whole cell algae is present at a concentration of 2 -10% w/w.

[007] According to this aspect, and in some embodiments, the non-viable whole cell algae is sized to between 0.5- 15 μπι, and in some embodiments, the non-viable whole cell algae is sized to between 0.5 - 10 μπι, and in some embodiments, the non-viable whole cell algae is sized to between 0.5 - 6 μπι. [008] In some embodiments, the composition is for cosmetic application and in some embodiments, the composition further comprises a therapeutic agent for skin care.

[009] In some embodiments, the algae is a Tetraselmis, a Nannochloropsis, Isochrysis, or a combination thereof

[0010] In some embodiments, the composition is used for sun protection and in some embodiments, the composition is used to prevent skin aging or wrinkling.

[0011] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises at least one additional organic or chemical UVA or UVB filter, or combinations thereof.

[0012] In some embodiments, the invention provides a method of skin protection said method comprising the step of covering the skin with a homogeneous UVA- UVB protection shield of non- viable whole cell algae.

[0013] In some embodiments, the invention provides a method of sun protection against UVB exposure in a subject, said method comprising the step of applying a topical composition comprising non-viable whole cell algae, wherein said non-viable whole cell algae is present at a concentration of 1-20% w/w to a skin of said subject.

[0014] In some embodiments, the invention provides a method of sun protection against UVA exposure in a subject, said method comprising the step of applying a topical composition comprising non-viable whole cell algae, wherein said non-viable whole cell algae is present at a concentration of 1-20% w/w to a skin of said subject.

[0015] In some embodiments, the invention provides a method of protecting a skin against aging or wrinkling in a subject, said method comprising the step of applying a topical composition comprising non-viable whole cell algae, wherein said non-viable whole cell algae is present at a concentration of 1-20% w/w to a skin susceptible to or suffering from aging or wrinkling in said subject.

[0016] All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety as if each individual publication or patent was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. In case of a conflict between the specification and an incorporated reference, the specification shall control. Where number ranges are given in this document, endpoints are included within the range. Furthermore, it is to be understood that unless otherwise indicated or otherwise evident from the context and understanding of one of ordinary skill in the art, values that are expressed as ranges can assume any specific value or subrange within the stated ranges, optionally including or excluding either or both endpoints, in different embodiments of the invention, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit of the range, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Where a percentage is recited in reference to a value that intrinsically has units that are whole numbers, any resulting fraction may be rounded to the nearest whole number.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 presents a light micrograph of the formation of a thin layer of the algae Tetraselmis.

[0018] Figure 2 presents a light micrograph of the formation of a thin 10 μηι of a smeared gel containing 8% Nannochloropsis (X400) .

[0019] Figure 3 presents a light transmiittance curve for a Sun protection product SPF 15 formulation containing 2% Zinc and 7.5% Octhylmethxycinamate:

[0020] Figure 4 presents a light transmittance curve for a Sun protection product SPF 20 formulation

[0021] Figure 5 presents a light transmittance curve for an embodied topical formulation comprising 6% w/w of the algae type Isochrisis.

[0022] Figure 6 presents superimposed light transmittance curves for the Sun protection SPF 15 formulation and that of the embodied formulation comprising 6% w/w Isochrisis algae.

[0023] Figure 7 presents superimposed light transmittance curves for the sun protection SPF 20 formulation containing UVA and UVB filters at 14.5% concentration and that of the embodied topical lotion containing 8% w/w Nannochloropsis algae.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0024] The invention provides a topical composition, which can serve as a sunscreen. Sunscreens serve as a substance, often in the form of a cream or lotion, used to protect the skin from the damaging ultraviolet rays of the sun.

[0025] It is known that light radiation with wavelengths of between 280 nm and 400 nm makes possible browning of the human epidermis and that rays with wavelengths of between 280 nm and 320 nm, known under the name of UV-B radiation, result in erythemas and cutaneous burns which can be harmful to the development of natural tanning; this UV-B radiation therefore has to be screened out.

[0026] It is also known that UV-A rays with wavelengths of between 320 and 400 nm, which result in browning of the skin, are capable of bringing about a detrimental change in the latter, in particular in the case of sensitive skin or of skin continually exposed to solar radiation. UV-A rays are more penetrating than UV-B rays and result in particular in a loss of elasticity of the skin and the appearance of wrinkles, leading to premature aging. They promote the triggering of the erythemal reaction or enhance this reaction in some subjects and can even be the cause of phototoxic or photoallergic reactions. It is therefore desirable also to screen out UV-A radiation. [0027] Topical application sunscreen formulations are known. Sunscreen active are generally classified as organic sun screeners or inorganic sun screeners. Organic sun screeners absorb strongly at specific wavelengths and are transparent to visible light. However, some organic sun screeners such as Oxybenzone are known to cause photo allergic reactions. Inorganic (Physical) sun screeners such as Titanium dioxide at higher levels leave visible residue referred as whitening of the skin.

[0028] To overcome these allergic side effects of organic sun screeners and non-aesthetics of inorganic sun screeners, there exist the needs for devising newer formulations that can protect the skin from the harmful effects of the ultraviolet radiations of sun without any undesirable side effects.

[0029] In one aspect, this invention provides a means for harnessing nature to provide a sunscreen for skin, thereby providing more natural sun protection without the need for using topical chemicals, or using much fewer or lower concentrations of chemicals, for protection against sun radiation.

[0030] In some embodiments, the invention provides a topical composition comprising nonviable whole cell algae, wherein said non-viable whole cell algae is present at a concentration of about 1-20% w/w.

[0031] In some embodiments, the non-viable whole cell algae is present at a concentration of 5 - 15% w/w and in some embodiments, the non-viable whole cell algae is present at a concentration of 2 -10% w/w.

[0032] This invention provides a topical composition comprising non-viable whole cell algae, wherein the non-viable whole cell algae is present at a concentration of 1-20% w/w. In some embodiments, the non-viable whole cell algae is present at a concentration of 3 -18 % w/w, or in some embodiments, at a concentration of 4 -8% w/w, or in some embodiments, at a concentration of 5 -12% w/w, or in some embodiments, at a concentration of 4 -8% w/w, or in some embodiments, at a concentration of 1 -13% w/w,. or in some embodiments, at a concentration of 7 -16% w/w, or in some embodiments, at a concentration of 0.1 -20% w/w. In some embodiments, the invention provides a topical composition comprising non-viable whole cell algae, wherein said non- viable whole cell algae is present at a concentration of about 0.1- 10% w/w. In some embodiments, the invention provides a topical composition comprising nonviable whole cell algae, wherein said non-viable whole cell algae is present at a concentration of about 5-15% w/w. In some embodiments, the invention provides a topical composition comprising non-viable whole cell algae, wherein said non-viable whole cell algae is present at a concentration of about 10-20% w/w. [0033] According to this aspect, and in some embodiments, the non-viable whole cell algae is sized to between 0.5- 15 μιη, and in some embodiments, the non-viable whole cell algae is sized to between 0.5 - 10 μιη, and in some embodiments, the non-viable whole cell algae is sized to between 0.5 - 6 μηι.

[0034] To provide protection of the skin against UV radiation, use is generally made of anti-sun compositions comprising screening agents which are active in the UV-A region and screening agents which are active in the UV-B region.

[0035] Sunscreen topical composition with particularly advantageous contains screening agents like Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane to prevent UV-A, and screening agents which are active in the UV-B region like Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate , Ethylhexyl Salicylate and Octocrylene.

[0036] Topical sunscreen spray, cream, lotion, gel and Aerosol or other application mode are usually a combination of Sunscreen filters (Organics and physicals) in an ointment that provide the product to be dispersed equally and easy on the skin, other compound in the ointment are being used to provide water resistance, cosmetic sensory, perfume, chemical stability, preservative and anti contamination properties and other characters to provide best quality topical lotion.

[0037] In sunscreen products the sunscreen filters concentration is elevate with sun protection level (Factors). For example it is estimated that sun protection lotion with SPF 10 and good UVA protection would contain 5-10% sunscreen filters, and similar sun protection at the level of SPF 50 would include above 20% sunscreen filters.

[0038] It is known that topical application of sunscreen should be used at a concentration of 2 mg per CM . The thickness of such topical application is at the range of 20μιη. while this topical is an optimal and representing the Sun Protection Factor ( SPF) written on the label, the most common topical skin lotioning is at the range of 10 μιη.

[0039] Algae are a living particle that absorbed sunlight and convert it to energy source. Algae can be found in most open area in the globe and are highly resistance the UV radiation.

[0040] In this invention, formulated whole mount algae in topical application are being used to provide UVA and UVB sun protection.

[0041] Without being bound by theory, the invention contemplates that the use of the 0.5-20 μπι living particle that absorbs or reflects sun radiation in a cosmetic vehicle with or without sunscreen filters can provide the skin protection against sun radiation (sun protection), with algae serving as an example of such a living particle.

[0042] The invention further contemplates the potential for compositions comprising whole cell algae and other known UVA/UVB filters, which would be expected to be synergistic in their efficacy in the applications described herein. [0043] In some embodiments, the composition is for cosmetic application and in some embodiments, the composition further comprises a therapeutic agent for skin care.

[0044] In some embodiments, the alga is Tetraselmis, Isochrysis, Nannochloropsis, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the alga is N. gaditana, N. granulate, N. limnetica, N. oceanic, N. oculat , N. salina or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the algae is Tetraselmis alacris, Tetraselmis apiculata, Tetraselmis ascus, Tetraselmis astigmatica, Tetraselmis chuii, Tetraselmis convolutae, Tetraselmis cordiformis, Tetraselmis desikacharyi, Tetraselmis gracilis, Tetraselmis hazeni, Tetraselmis impellucida, Tetraselmis inconspicua, Tetraselmis levis, Tetraselmis maculate, Tetraselmis marina, Tetraselmis micropapillata, Tetraselmis rubens, Tetraselmis striata, Tetraselmis suecica, Tetraselmis tetrabrachia,Tetraselmis tetratheleTi Tetraselmis verrucosa, Tetraselmis wettsteinii, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the alga is Chlorella, Nannochloris, Porphyridium or a combination thereof.

[0045] In some embodiments, the alga is Heterokonts, Haptophyta, Cryptomonad, Dinoflagellate or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the alga is Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta, Glaucophyta, or a combination thereof.

[0046] In some embodiments, the alga is Chlorarachniophyte or Euglenid or a combination thereof.

[0047] In some embodiments, the alga is Cyanobacteria or blue green algae or a combination thereof.

[0048] . In some embodiments, the invention provides a composition comprising a non- viable combination of any algae as herein described, or use of a composition comprising the same, for the methods described hereinbelow.

[0049] In some embodiments, reference to compositions comprising and use of a non-viable whole cell alga refers, inter alia, to alga which is specifically killed prior to incorporation within the described formulation, for example, via heat, sonication or fixation, or the alga is rendered non-viable upon its formulation within the described compositions, wherein other agents within such composition negatively affect the viability of the alga, such as, for example, preservatives. In some embodiments, the alga is an isolated, dried preparation, wherein viability of the organism was compromised as part of the drying process.

[0050] In some embodiments, the invention contemplates compositions comprising and use of an alga which is viable, yet non-replicative. In some embodiments, the invention contemplates compositions comprising and use of an alga which is viable, yet when applied topically to a subject, such composition/use does not provoke any adverse response in the subject, for example, via provoking no or minimal inflammatory response in the subject. [0051] In some embodiments, the composition is used for sun protection and in some embodiments, the composition is used to prevent skin aging or wrinkling.

[0052] The compositions of this invention can be used to prevent, mitigate or abrogate skin aging or skin imperfections both men and women.

[0053] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides an easy to use topical composition and treatment for prevention, mitigation or abrogation of skin aging or skin imperfections in a subject.

[0054] Still another aspect of the invention is represented by a composition as described herein for the prevention, mitigation or abrogation of skin aging or skin imperfections in a subject through the topical application of the various formulations designed for topical application as described herein, optionally combined with at least one skin therapeutic or stimulatory agent comprising lipoxygenase inhibitors, bradykinin inhibitors, prostaglandins and their derivatives, prostaglandin receptor agonists or antagonists, non-prostanoic prostaglandin analogues, vasodilators, cyclosporins and their analogues, antimicrobials, anti- inflammatories, retinoids, 2 0 benzaikonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, phenol, oestradiol, chlorpheniramine maleate, chlorophyllin derivatives, cholesterol, cysteine, methionine, menthol, peppermint oil, calcium pantothenate, panthenol, resorcinol, protein kinase C activators, 2 5 glycosidase inhibitors, glycosaminoglycanase inhibitors, pyroglutamic acid esters, hexosaccharidic acid or acylhexosaccharic acid, aryl- substituted 6 ethylenes, N-acylated amino acids, flavonoids, ascomycin derivatives and analogues, histamine antagonists, saponins, proteoglycanase inhibitors, oestrogen agonists and antagonists, pseudopterins, cytokines and growth factor promoters, IL-1 or IL-6 inhibitors, IL-10 promoters, TNF inhibitors, vitamins, benzophenones, hydantoin, octopirox, retinoic acid, antipruritic agents, agents for combating parasites, antifungals, nicotinic acid esters, calcium antagonist agents, hormones, triterpenes, anti-androgen agents, steroidal or non-steroidal inhibitors of 5-reductases, potassium channel agonists, FP receptor agonists, or their mixtures.

[0055] The compositions of the present invention may be formulated into a lotion, an ointment, a cream, a patch, a spray, a powder, a sachet, a suspension, an emulsion, a solution, or an oil.

[0056] Particularly, the composition of the present invention may be used by directly spreading or spraying it. Skin surfaces to which the composition of the present invention is applied include any region of the face, as well as any regions of body, for example, on the neck of the subject.

Therefore, the present invention may be used as a lotion, cream, spray, mousse, gel, etc.

[0057] In another aspect of the invention, the compositions of this invention will further comprise a suitable carrier, which carrier, in some embodiments, is adapted for topical administration to a subject. In another embodiment, the suitable carrier may comprise of at least one emollient. In further embodiments, the suitable carrier may be a skin penetrating carrier. In preferred embodiments, the skin penetrating carrier may be DMSO, liposomes, lipophilic solvents, lecithin, transcutol, melatonin, nanospheres, nanoshells, cerasomes, and/or rovisomes.

[0058] In other embodiments, the skin-penetrating carrier comprises a hollow and solid lipid structure. In another embodiment, the skin-penetrating carrier comprises a nano- structure.

[0059] In further embodiments, the suitable carrier is selected from the group consisting of a transdermal patch, lotion, ointment, paste, foam, emulsion, cream, serum, aerosol, spray, roll-on formulation, masque, cleanser, shampoo, conditioner, gel, oil or moisturizer,. In additional embodiments, the suitable carrier can be a lubricating formulation, water-based formulation, silicone-based formulation, petroleum- based formulation, natural-oil based formulation, and/or massage formulation.

[0060] In another aspect of the present invention, the composition further comprises at least one additional agent. In some embodiments, the said at least one additional agent can be selected from the group consisting of minerals, antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, antigens, analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents, sebum-reducing agents, hormones, enzymes, peptides, proteins, lipids, retinoids, vitamins, wound recovery agents, botanical extracts, MMP inhibitors, integument and skin-supporting components, or massage oils.

[0061] The compositions of the present invention can comprise or consist essentially of the components of the present invention as well as other ingredients described herein. The term, "consisting essentially of refers herein to the fact that the composition or component may include additional ingredients, but only if the additional ingredients do not materially alter the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed compositions or methods. In some embodiments, when the composition consists essentially of non-viable whole cell algae present as a primary active ingredient therein, at a concentration of between about 0.25 % - about 20.0% w/w, or present as particles ranging in a size of from between about 0.5 to about 10 microns, while other therapeutic agents may be included in the composition, the agent primarily responsible for the improved effect on the skin is the incorporation of the algae, at the concentration or particle size noted. Such compositions may further include other additives, and it may be possible to include up to about 10% by weight of materials that could materially alter the basic and novel characteristics of the invention as long as the utility of the algae (as opposed to the degree of utility) is maintained.

[0062] In one embodiment, where the composition is to be in contact with human or mammalian keratinous tissue, the additional ingredients should be suitable for application to keratinous tissue, that is, when incorporated into the composition they are suitable for use in contact with human keratinous tissue (nails, skin, lips) without undue toxicity, incompatibility, instability, allergic response, and the like within the scope of sound medical judgment. The CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook, Ninth Edition (2002) describes a wide variety of non-limiting cosmetic and pharmaceutical ingredients, commonly used in the skin care industry, which are suitable for use as additional ingredients in the compositions of the present invention. Non-limiting examples of these additional ingredient classes include: healing agents, anti-aging agents, anti-wrinkle agents, moisturizers, antibacterial agents, pesticides, antifongic agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-pruriginous agents, anaesthetic, antiviral agents, keratolytic agents, free radicals scavengers, antiseborrheic, antidandruff agents, anti-acne agents, the agents modulating the differentiation, proliferation or pigmentation of the skin and agents accelerating penetration, cleaning agents, hair conditioning agents, skin conditioning agents, hair styling agents, antidandruff agents, hair growth promoters, Fragrances, sunscreen and/or sunblock compounds, pigments, film formers, hair colors, make-up agents, detergents, pharmaceutical drugs, thickening agents, emulsifiers, humectants, emollients, antiseptic agents, deodorant actives, dermatologically acceptable carriers, surfactants, abrasives, absorbents, aesthetic components such as fragrances, colorings/colorants, essential oils, skin sensates, astringents, etc. (e.g., clove oil, menthol, camphor, eucalyptus oil, eugenol, menthyl lactate, witch hazel distillate), anti-caking agents, antifoaming agents, antimicrobial agents (e.g., iodopropyl butylcarbamate), antioxidants, binders, biological additives, enzymes, enzymatic inhibitors, enzyme-inducing agents, coenzymes, plant extracts, ceramides, peptides, buffering agents, bulking agents, chelating agents, chemical additives, colorants, cosmetic astringents, cosmetic biocides, denaturants, drug astringents, external analgesics, film formers or materials, e.g., polymers, for aiding the film- forming properties and substantivity of the composition (e.g., copolymer of eicosene and vinyl pyrrolidone), quaternary derivatives, agents increasing the substantivity, opacifying agents, pH adjusters, propellants, reducing agents, sequestrants, skin bleaching and lightening agents (e.g., hydroquinone, kojic acid, ascorbic acid, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl glucosamine), skin-conditioning agents (e.g., humectants, including miscellaneous and occlusive), skin soothing and/or healing agents and derivatives (e.g., panthenol and derivatives (e.g., ethyl panthenol), aloe vera, pantothenic acid and its derivatives, allantoin, bisabolol, and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate), skin treating agents, thickeners, and vitamins and derivatives thereof, and lignans.

[0063] The compositions of the present invention generally contain at least one additional ingredient. The compositions of the present invention may contain a plurality of additional ingredients as well. [0064] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises an antimicrobial agent selected from the group consisting of triclosan, povidone, iodine, proflavine, honey, hydrogen peroxide, clotrimazole, parabens, phenoxyethanol, diazolidinyl urea, chlorphenesin or sulfur.

[0065] In other embodiments, the composition further comprises an antioxidant selected from the group consisting of beta glucan, curcumin, carnosine, polyphenolics, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, oligomeric proanthocyanidins, bioflavonoids, oligomeric procyanidolic complexes, leuco anthocyanin, anthocyanidin, alpha-Iipoic acid, coenzyme Q-l 0, selenium, vitamin E, vitamin C, lycopene, tocotrienols, or glutathione.

[0066] In further embodiments, the composition further comprises an analgesic comprising an amine-containing local anesthetic. In other embodiments, the composition further comprises an antihistamine analgesic. In yet further embodiments, the composition further comprises an analgesic selected from the group consisting of paracetamol, NSAIDs, benzocaine, butamben picrate, dibucaine, dibucaine hydrochloride, dimethisoquin hydrochloride, dyclonine hydrochloride, lidocaine, lidocaine hydrochloride, pramoxine hydrochloride, tetracaine, tetracaine hydrochloride, alcohols and ketones, benzyl alcohol, camphor, combinations of camphor and phenol, camphorated metacresol, juniper tar, menthol, phenol, phenolate sodium, resorcinol, antihistamines, diphenylhydramine hydrochloride, tripelennamine hydrochloride, hydrocortisone preparations, hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone acetate, allyl isothiocyanate, ammonia solutions, methyl salicylate, turpentine oil, histamine dihydrochloride, methyl nicotinate, capsaicin, capsicum, or capsicum oleoresin.

[0067] In some embodiments, the composition according to the present invention further comprises anti-inflammatory agents selected from the group consisting of hyssop, licorice extract, aloe, salicylic acid, allantaoin, bisabolol, or fumaric acid.

[0068] In other embodiments, the composition further comprises a lipid selected from the group consisting of glycerides, phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, or lecithin.

[0069] Additionally, in some embodiments, the composition further comprises a retinoid selected from the group consisting of tretinoin, retinol, rose hips, or 9-cis retinoic acid.

[0070] Additionally, some particular embodiments may further comprise vitamins wherein the said vitamin is selected from the group consisting of vitamin A, Bl, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12, C, Ester-C, D, E, F, or K. Other embodiments may comprise vitamin containing compounds such as rose hips.

[0071] Further embodiments provide for wound recovery agents selected from the group consisting of allantoin, beta glucan, geranium extract, azelaic acid, curcumin, fumaric acid, gamma linolenic acid, farsenol, or squalene. [0072] In another embodiment, the present invention provides for compositions comprising MMP inhibitors selected from the group consisting of minimal-domain MMPs, simple hemopexin domain-containing MMPs, gelatin-binding MMPs, furin-activated MMPs, and vitronectin-like insert MMPs, type I transmembrane MMPs, glycosyl-phosphatidyl inosital (GPI)-linked MMPs, or type II transmembrane MMPs.

[0073] In further embodiments, the present invention provides for compositions comprising polysaccharides such as beta glucan or dextran.

[0074] Additionally, some embodiments comprise integument and integument and skin- supporting components selected from the group consisting of vitamin K, borage oil, flax seed, cod liver oil, black currant, alpha and beta hydroxy acids, grape seed, pycnogenol, rose hips, sunscreens, tea tree oil, acetyl glucosamine algae, collagen, elastin, copper PCA, dead sea minerals, glycerin, hormone creams, human growth factor, kinetin, lanolin, mineral oil, olive oil, oxygen, perflurodecalin (Rejuvenox), soy lecithin phospholipids, hydrogen peroxide, triclosan, salicylic acid, papain, aloe vera, lavender oil, geranium oil, chamomile, calendula officinalis, squalane, magnesium oxide crystals, macademia nut oil, galactoarabinan, magnesium aluminum silicate, sweet almond oil, sesame oil, palmitoyl- pentapeptide-3, peptides, benzoic acid, butylene glycol, carbomer, phyllanthus emblica fruit extract, urea, centella asiatica extract, echinacea angustifoila (coneflower) extract, hydrolyzed wheat protein, propylene glycol, bearberry extract, licorice, carnosine, caffeine, cocoa butter, kukui nut, shea butter, mugwort extract (artemesia vulgaris), mango butter, plantago lanceolate leaf extract, xanthan gum, sodium lauryl sulfate, glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, citric acid, aartaric acid, all-trans retinoic acid, allantoin, aloe barbadensis, aminobutyric acid, arbutin, arginine amino acid, azelaic acid, caffeic acid, carnosine, retin-A, ceramides, copper gluconate, superoxide eismutase, curcumin, cystosine, beta glucan, dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA, dinitrochlorobenzene, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, hydantoin, DMSO, elastin, Ester-C, bromelian, erythropoietin (EPO), evening primrose oil, farnesol, fumaric acid, GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid/gamma amino-butyric acid), gamma linolenic acid, geranium extract, glutathione, glycyrrhiza glabra glycyrrhetic acid, hesperidin, hyaluronic acid, N6-Furfuryladenine Hormone, kojic acid, Tissue Inhibitors Of Metalloproteinases Matrixyl (TIMPS), vitamin E, vitamin C, flavonoids, palmitoyl panax ginseng root extract, pantothenic acid, pycnogenol scavenger, phosphatidylcholine, resveratrol, retinol, silicone, soy extracts, squalene, sulfur, saw palmetto, tocotrienols, ubiquinone, coenzyme QIO, botox, botulinum toxin, EGF, IGF, calendula officinalis, immortelle, green tea extract, white tea, black tea, glucosamine, algae, yeast, magnesium, magnesium aspartate, glycerin, progesterone, estrogen, lavender, cucumber, DNA, panthenol, zinc gluconate, camellia oleifera leaf extract, or pomegranate. [0075] In additional embodiments, the composition comprises at least one additional agent selected from the group consisting of base components, surfactants, thickening agents, gelling agents, stabilizing agents, emulsifying agents, dispersing agents, suspending agents, humectants, emollients, acidic or alkaline substances, buffering agents, anti-crystalline agents, lubricating agents, coloring agents, perfumes, excipients, foaming agents, diluents, fillers, binding agents, or preservatives.

[0076] In another aspect of the present invention, the described components of the composition are encapsulated by a protective membrane. In some embodiments, the protective membrane can be a liposome, nanosphere, rovisome, cerasome, or nanoshell. In another embodiment, the protective membrane encapsulates a portion of the components. In further embodiments, a protective liposomal membrane encapsulates a portion of the components.

[0077] The composition pH preferably ranges from about 5 to about 8, more preferably from about 6 to about 7. It can be adjusted by adding acid, such as, for example, hydrochloric acid or citric acid.

[0078] The compositions according to the invention may be in all the galenic forms conventionally used for a topical application, including in the form of aqueous, hydroalcoholic or oily solutions, oil-in-water emulsions (O/W), or water-in-oil emulsions (W/O), or multiple emulsions, such as water-in-oil-in-water emulsions (W/O/W) of aqueous or oily gels, of liquid anhydrous products, either pasty or solid, or dispersions of a greasy phase in an aqueous phase in the presence of spherules, such as spherules being adapted to be polymeric nanoparticles such as nanospheres or nanocapsules, or lipidic vesicles, either of a ionic and/or non ionic type. Such compositions are prepared according to the usual methods.

[0079] Moreover, compositions used according to the invention can be more or less fluid and show the aspect of a white or colored cream, a balm, a milk, a lotion, a serum, a paste or a foam.

[0080] They may possibly be applied onto the skin in the form of an aerosol. They may also be in a solid form, such as a stick.

[0081] The compositions of this invention will, in some embodiments, comprise pharmaceutically acceptable and/or suitable carriers

[0082] In some embodiments, the terms, a "pharmaceutically acceptable," "acceptable," and/or "suitable" carrier includes any and/or all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, isotonic, and/or absorption delaying agents and/or the like. The phrases "pharmaceutically," "pharmacologically," "suitable," and/or "acceptable" refer to materials, substances, or compositions that do not produce an adverse, allergic or other untoward reaction when administered to a subject. The selection and use of such materials may be readily determined by one of skill in the art. [0083] Carriers can optionally include one or more components which can be biologically active or inactive. Examples of such optional inactive components include base components (e.g., water, propylene glycol, glycerol, polyethylene glycols, silicones, and/or an oil, such as liquid paraffin, vegetable oil, peanut oil, castor oil, and cocoa butter), surfactants, thickening agents (e.g., aluminum stearate and hydrogen lanolin), gelling agents, stabilizing agents, emulsifying agents, dispersing agents, suspending agents, humectants, emollients, acidic or alkaline substances, buffering agents, anti-crystalline agents, lubricating agents, coloring agents, perfumes, excipients (e.g., starch, tragacanth, and cellulose derivatives), foaming agents, diluents, fillers, binding agents, and preservatives (e.g., methyl paraben, propyl paraben, methylchloroisothiazolinone, and methylisothiazolinone). Suitable carriers also include water- based, silicone-based, petroleum-based, natural-oil based, and massage formulations.

[0084] In some embodiments, the carrier may comprise capsules suitable for depositing actives, fragrances, color, glitter etc. onto the skin and integument. Capsules suitable for deposition include, for example, capsules made from mannitol, lactose cellulose, and hydroypropylmethylcellulose. Suitable capsules are, for example, marketed using the Unispheres process of Inducehm, Dubendorf, Switzerland.

[0085] The present invention also provides for skin-penetrating or skin- permeating carriers. These include, for example, DMSO, liposomes, lipophilic solvents, lecithin, transcutol, nanospheres, nanoshells, and rovisomes.

[0086] It is known that the cosmetic or dermatological composition of the invention may also contain usual adjuvants in the cosmetic or dermatological field, such as hydrophilic or lipophilic gelling agents, hydrophilic or lipophilic actives, preservatives, antioxidants, solvents, perfumes, fillers, lipophilic or hydrophilic sun filters, bactericides, odour absorbents, colorants, salts and polymers. The amounts of these various adjuvants are those conventionally used in the involved field and, for example, range from about 0.01 to about 30% of the total weight of the composition. Such adjuvants, according to their nature, can be introduced into the greasy phase, in the aqueous phase and/or in the lipidic spherules.

[0087] Fillers adapted to be used in the composition of the invention may include, for example, besides pigments, fibres; talcum; polyamide particles, more particularly those sold under trademark ORGASOL™ by Atochem company; polyethylene powders; acrylic copolymer based microspheres, such as those made of a copolymer of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and lauryl methacrylate, sold by Dow Corning company under trademark POLYTRAP™; expanded powders such as hollow microspheres and, more particularly, microspheres sold under trademark

EXPANCEL™ by Kemanord Plast company or under trademark MICROPEARL F 80 ED™ by

Matsumoto company; powders from natural organic materials such as maize, wheat or rice starches, either cross-linked or not, such as the starch powders cross-linked by the octenylsuccinate anhydride sold under trademark DRY-FLO™ by National Starch company; silicone resin microballs such as those sold under trademark TOSPEARL™ by Toshiba Silicone company; and mixtures thereof. Such fillers may be present in amounts ranging from 0 to 20% wt, and preferably, from 1 to 10% wt based on the total weight of the composition.

[0088] Hydrophilic gelling agents may include, for example, carboxyvinyl polymers such as products sold under trademark CARBOPOL™ (CTFA name: carbomer) by Goodrich company, acrylic copolymers such as acrylate/alkylacrylate copolymers, polyacrylamides, and, for example, the mixture sold under tradename SEPIGEL™, 2-acrylamido 2-methylpropane sulfonic acid polymers and copolymers, either cross-linked or not, and neutralized or not, such as the product sold by Hoechst company under trademark "Hostacerin AMPS" (CTFA name: ammonium polyacryl-dimethyltauramide), polysaccharides such as cellulose derivatives, and more particularly hydroxyethylcellulose, natural gums such as xanthane gum, and clays.

[0089] Lipophilic gelling agents may include the modified clays such as bentones, fatty acid metal salts, polymers and copolymers of vinyl methyl ether and maleic anhydride such as products sold under trademarks STABILEZE™ by ISP company (CTFA name: PVM/MA Decadiene Crosspolymer), and polyethylenes.

[0090] Actives may include in particular all the actives known for their activity on skin ageing, such as keratolytic or prodesquamant agents, for example, a-hydroxy-acids, such as glycolic, lactic, malic, citric, tartaric, mandelic acids and the derivatives thereof; β-hydroxy-acids such as salicylic acid and the derivatives thereof; a-aceto-acids such as ascorbic acid or vitamin C and the derivatives thereof; β-ceto-acids; retinoids such as retinol (vitamin A) and the esters thereof (palmitate), retinal, retinoic acid and the derivatives thereof.

[0091] Actives may also include vitamins, such as, for example, vitamins B3 or PP (niacinamide), B5 (panthnol), E (tocopherol), Kl and the derivatives of those vitamins and more particularly the esters thereof; anti-free radical agents; sun filters; hydrating agents such as polyols; ceramides; and tensing polymers including organics such as latexes, protein hydrolysates and chitin derivatives; DHEA and the derivatives thereof such as alpha-hydroxy- DHEA; Q10 coenzyme, bleaching and depigmenting agents, such as kojic acid para- aminophenol derivatives, arbutin and the derivatives thereof, and the blends thereof.

[0092] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises at least one additional organic or chemical UVA or UVB filter, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the composition of the invention may comprise every UVA and UVB filter useful in the cosmetic field. [0093] UVB filters may include for example: 1 salicylic acid derivatives, more particularly homomenthyl salicylate and octyl salicylate; cinnamic acid derivatives, more particularly 2- ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate sold by Givaudan company under trademark PARSOL MCX™; liquid (β'-β-diphenylacrylate) derivatives, more particularly 2-ethylhexyl a-cyano-α-β- diphenylacrylate or octocrylene sold by BASF company under trademark UVINUL N539™; p- aminobenzoic acid derivatives; 4-methyl benzylidene camphor sold by Merck company under trademark EUSOLEX 6300™; 2-phenylbenzimidazole 5-sulfonic acid sold under trademark EUSOLEX 232™ by Merck company; 1,3,5-triazine derivatives, more particularly: 2,4,6-tris[p- 2'-ethylhexyl-l'-oxycarbonyl)anilino]-l,3,5-triazine sold by BASF company under trademark UVINUL T150™, and dioctyl butamido triazone sold by Sigma 3V company under trademark UVASORB HEB™, and mixtures of such filters.

[0094] UVA filters may include for example: dibenzoylmethane derivatives, more particularly 4-

(tert-butyl)4'-methoxy dibenzoylmethane sold by Givaudan company under trademark PARSOL

1789™; benzene l,4[di(3-methylidenecampho-10-sulfonic)] acid, possibly under a partially or totally neutralized form, sold under trademark MEXORYL SX™ by Chimex company; benzophenone derivatives, for example: 2,4 dihydroxybenzophenone (benzophenone-1),

2,2',4,4 '-tetra-hydroxybenzophenone (benzophenone-2), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone

(benzophenone-3) sold under trademark UVINUL M40™ by BASF company, 2-hydroxy-4- methoxy-benzophenone-5 -sulfonic acid (benzophenone-4) as well as the sulfonate form thereof

(benzophenone-5) sold by BASF company under trademark UVINUL MS40™, 2,2'-dihydroxy-

4,4'-dimethoxy-benzophenone (benzophenone-6), 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzophenone

(benzophenone-7), 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone (benzophenone-8), the disodium salt of the 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethoxy-benzophenone-5,5'-disulfonic diacid (benzophenone-

9), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-methyl-benzophenone (benzophnone-10), benzophenone-11, 2- hydroxy-4-(octyloxy)enzophenone (benzophenone-12); silane derivatives or polyorganosiloxanes with a benzophenone group; anthranilates, more particularly the menthyl anthranilate sold by Haarman & Reiner company under trademark NEO HELIOPAN MA™; compounds having per molecule at least two benzoazolyl groups or at least one benzodiazolyl group, more particularly the 14-bis-benzimidazolyl-phenylene-3,3',5,5'-tetrasulfonic acid as well as the salts thereof sold by Haarman & Reimer company; silica-based derivatives of N- substituted benzimidazolyl-benzazoles or benzofuranyl-benzazoles, and in particular: 2-[l-[3-

[1,3,3,3 -tetramethyl- 1 - [(trimethylsilyl)oxy] -disiloxanyl] -propyl] - lH-benzimidazol-2-yl] - benzoxazole, 2- [ 1 - [3- [,3 ,3 ,3 -tetramethyl- 1 - [(trimethylsilyl)oxy] -disiloxanyl] -propyl] - 1H- benzimidazol-2-yl]-benzoxazole, 2-[l-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propyl)-lH-benzimidazol-2-yl]- benzoxazole, 6-methoxyl-l,r-bis(3-trimethylsilanyl-propyl)-lH, l'H-[2,2']bibenzimidazolyl- benzoxazole, 2-[l-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propyl)-lH-benzimidazol-2-yl]-benzothiazole, which are described in Patent Application EP-A-1 028 120; triazine derivatives, and more particularly, the 2,4-bis{[4-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-2-hydroxy]-phenyl}-6-(4-phenyl)-l,3,5-triazine sold by Ciba Geigy compnay under trademark TINOSORB S™ and the 2,2'-methylenebis-[6-(2H benzotriazol-2-yl)4-(l,l,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenol] sold by Ciba Geigy company under trademark TINOSORB M™; and mixtures thereof.

[0095] A blend of several of such filters may also be used, as well as a blend of UVB and UVA filters, and also blends with physical filters.

[0096] Physical filters may include titanium (amorphous or crystallized titanium dioxide under the rutile or anatase form), zinc, iron, zirconium, cerium oxides or the blends thereof. Such metal oxides can be in the form of particles having a micrometric or a nanometric size (nano- pigments). In the nano-pigment form, the particle average sizes range, for example, from about 5 to about 100 nm. Nano-pigments are preferably used in the composition of the invention.

[0097] Filters usually used in the composition of the invention include 2-ethylhexyl p- methoxycinnamate sold under trademark Parsol MCX by Hoffmann-Laroche company, benzene l,4[di(3-methylidenecaampho-10-sulfonic )] acid sold under trademark MEXORYL SX™ by Chimex company, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone sold under trademark UVINUL M40™ by BASF company, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5 sulfonic acid sold under trademark EUSOLEX 232™ by Merck company, and the blends thereof.

[0098] The invention provides, in some embodiments, for skin smoothing and skin wrinkle and fine wrinkle attenuation.

[0099] The invention therefore also provides, in some embodiments, a cosmetic treatment method for tensing and smoothing the skin for immediately attenuating the wrinkles and/or the fine wrinkles, characterized in that a composition such as defined here above is applied onto the skin.

[00100] The invention also provides, in some embodiments, a cosmetic treatment method for a wrinkled skin, wherein a composition such as defined hereinabove is applied onto said wrinkled skin in an effective amount for attenuating wrinkles or fine wrinkles, or other signs of skin aging.

[00101] All terms such as "skin aging," "signs of skin aging," "topical application," and the like are used in the sense in which they are generally and widely used in the art of developing, testing and marketing cosmetic and personal care products. The term "cosmetic composition" or more briefly just "composition" in accordance with the present invention relates to a formulation that can be used for cosmetic purposes or as a basis for delivery of one or more pharmaceutical ingredients. It is also possible that these formulations are used for two or more of these same purposes at one time. [00102] In some embodiments, the compositions of this invention are formulated as part of a cosmetic product.

[00103] "Cosmetics," as used herein, include without limitation, lipstick, mascara, rouge, foundation, blush, eyeliner, lip liner, lip gloss, facial or body powder, sunscreens and blocks, mousse, sprays, whether in the form of creams, lotions, gels, ointments, emulsions, colloids, solutions, suspensions, compacts, solids, pencils, spray-on formulations, brush-on formulations and the like.

[00104] The compositions of this invention are useful in the prevention, mitigation or abrogation of skin aging or skin imperfections in a subject.

[00105] "Signs of skin aging or skin imperfections" include, but are not limited to, all outward visibly and tactilely perceptible manifestations as well as any other macro or micro effects due to skin aging. Such signs may be induced or caused by intrinsic factors or extrinsic factors, e.g., chronological aging and/or environmental damage. These signs may result from processes which include, but are not limited to, the development of textural discontinuities such as wrinkles and coarse deep wrinkles, skin lines, crevices, bumps, large pores (e.g., associated with adnexal structures such as sweat gland ducts, sebaceous glands, or hair follicles), or unevenness or roughness, loss of skin elasticity (loss and/or inactivation of functional skin elastin), sagging (including puffiness in the eye area and jowls), loss of skin firmness, loss of skin tightness, loss of skin recoil from deformation, discoloration (including undereye rings), blotching, sallowness, hyperpigmented skin regions such as age spots and freckles, keratoses, abnormal differentiation, hyperkeratinization, elastosis, collagen breakdown, and other histological changes in the stratum corneum, dermis, epidermis, the skin vascular system (e.g., telangiectasia or spider vessels), and underlying tissues, especially those proximate to the skin.

[00106] The compositions of this invention for use in prophylactically regulating a skin condition includes delaying, minimizing and/or preventing visible and/or tactile discontinuities in skin (e.g., texture irregularities in the skin which may be detected visually or by feel), including signs of skin aging.

[00107] The compositions of this invention for use in therapeutically regulating a skin condition includes ameliorating, e.g., diminishing, minimizing and/or effacing, discontinuities in skin, including signs of skin aging. Some of the products produced using the compositions of the present invention and indeed the compositions themselves may be used for prophylactically or therapeutically regulating a skin condition.

[00108] Some of the products and compositions of the present invention are useful for improving skin appearance and/or feel. For example, preferred compositions of the present invention are useful for improving the state of the skin that is imperfect or subject to aggression by providing an immediate visual improvement in skin appearance following application of the composition to the skin. Generally speaking, compositions of the present invention which further contain particulate materials will be most useful for providing the immediate visual improvement.

[00109] Some of the compositions of the present invention may also provide additional benefits, including stability, absence of significant (consumer-unacceptable) skin irritation, antiinflammatory activity and good aesthetics.

[00110] In some embodiments, the invention provides a method of sun protection against UVB exposure in a subject, said method comprising the step of applying a topical composition comprising non-viable whole cell algae, wherein said non-viable whole cell algae is present at a concentration of 0.1-20% w/w to a skin of said subject.

[00111] In some embodiments, the invention provides a method for the prevention, mitigation or abrogation of skin aging or skin imperfections in a subject, said method comprising topically contacting affected skin in a subject with a composition comprising non-viable whole cell algae, wherein said non-viable whole cell algae is present at a concentration of 0.1-20% w/w in said composition.

[00112] In some embodiments, the skin exposure to the formulation is for a period of time of between at least about 6-8 hours in a 24-hour period. In some embodiments, for best results such exposure is every day. In some embodiments, improvement of the skin's appearance as herein described may be seen in as little as 7 days post-initiation of treatment, and in some embodiments, subjects will see improvement in the reduction of crow's feet, crow's feet wrinkles, overall skin glow, and overall reduction of the appearance of skin wrinkles in under 28 days.

[00113] In some embodiments, the invention provides a method of sun protection against UVA exposure in a subject, said method comprising the step of applying a topical composition comprising non-viable whole cell algae, wherein said non-viable whole cell algae is present at a concentration of 0.1-20% w/w to a skin of said subject.

[00114] In some embodiments, the invention provides a method of protecting a skin against aging or wrinkling in a subject, said method comprising the step of applying a topical composition comprising non-viable whole cell algae, wherein said non-viable whole cell algae is present at a concentration of 0.1-20% w/w to a skin susceptible to or suffering from aging or wrinkling in said subject.

[00115] By "administering" or "application" it is meant that a composition is delivered to the subject in such a way that it can achieve the desired purpose. Compositions of the present invention can be administered to any suitable subject including animals, humans, and other organisms. In the context of animals, the compositions of the present invention can also be used for veterinary administration to any suitable animal subject such as, for example, cats, dogs, or horses.

[00116] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed in the scope of the claims.

[00117] In one embodiment, the term "about" refers to a variance of from 1- 10%, or in another embodiment, 5 - 15%, or in another embodiment, up to 10%, or in another embodiment, up to 25% variance from the indicated values, except where context indicates that the variance should not result in a value exceeding 100%.

[00118] In the claims articles such as "a", "an" and "the" mean one or more than one unless indicated to the contrary or otherwise evident from the context. Claims or descriptions that include "or" or "and/or" between members of a group are considered satisfied if one, more than one, or all of the group members are present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process unless indicated to the contrary or otherwise evident from the context. The invention includes embodiments in which exactly one member of the group is present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process. The invention also includes embodiments in which more than one, or all of the group members are present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process. Furthermore, it is to be understood that the invention provides, in various embodiments, all variations, combinations, and permutations in which one or more limitations, elements, clauses, descriptive terms, etc., from one or more of the listed claims is introduced into another claim dependent on the same base claim unless otherwise indicated or unless it would be evident to one of ordinary skill in the art that a contradiction or inconsistency would arise. Where elements are presented as lists, e.g. in Markush group format or the like, it is to be understood that each subgroup of the elements is also disclosed, and any element(s) can be removed from the group. It should it be understood that, in general, where the invention, or aspects of the invention, is/are referred to as comprising particular elements, features, etc., certain embodiments of the invention or aspects of the invention consist, or consist essentially of, such elements, features, etc. For purposes of simplicity those embodiments have not in every case been specifically set forth in haec verba herein. Certain claims are presented in dependent form for the sake of convenience, but Applicant reserves the right to rewrite any dependent claim in independent format to include the elements or limitations of the independent claim and any other claim(s) on which such claim depends, and such rewritten claim is to be considered equivalent in all respects to the dependent claim in whatever form it is in (either amended or unamended) prior to being rewritten in independent format.

[00119] Although described with specific examples, the present invention provides for some embodiments comprising variations of the components described above.

[00120] Accordingly, variations, omissions, substitutions, and changes may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[00121] The following examples describe certain embodiments of the invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of what is encompassed by the invention in any way.

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLE 1:

Preparation of Biologic Sunscreen Formulations

[00122] Several types of algae include Spirulina, Donaliela, Hematococus, Nannochloropsis and tetraselmis were formulated as a topical GEL, Water in Oil emulsion and Oil in Water emulsion containing 10% w/w non-viable, intact algae.

[00123] Table 1 presents the ingredients and their concentration in a prepared, embodied water in oil emulsion of the invention.

Table 1 Water in oil emulsion containing 10 % algae.

[00124] Table 2 presents the ingredients and their concentration in a prepared, embodied oil water emulsion of the invention. Table 2, Oil in Water formula containing 10% algae:

100

[00125] Table 3 presents the ingredients and their concentration in a prepared, embodied Gel formulation of the invention.

Table 3, Gel with 10% algae

[00126] Each of the formulations were found to be stable, possessing good cosmetic sensory properties and being easy for use in terms of dispensing the formulations on skin. [00127] In addition, other formulations were prepared, whereby Algae were incorporated within the indicated base formulations, containing a combination of UVA and UVB sunscreen Filters [00128] Table 4 presents the ingredients and their concentration in a prepared water in oil emulsion, containing 10% algae and UVA and UVB filters.

Table 4 Water in oil emulsion containing 10 % algae and UVA , UVB Filters.

100

[00129] Table 5 presents the ingredients and their concentration in a prepared oil emulsion, containing 10% algae and UVA and UVB filters.

Table 5, Oil in Water formula containing 10% algae and UVA , UVB Filters:

Ingredients %

Algae 10

Octocrylene (UVB) 5

Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane (UVA) 5

Polyglyceryl-2 Dipolyhydroxystearate 2 PEG-30 Dipolyhydroxystearate 2

Dicaprylyl Ether 4

Octyldodecanol 4

Cetearyl Isononanoate 5

Dicaprylyl Carbonate 6

Cyclomethicone 4

Bees Wax 2

Aqua 66.2

Butylene glycol 3

Magnesium Sulfate 1

Preservative 0.8

100

[00130] Table 6 presents the ingredients and their concentration in a prepared, gel containing

10% algae and UVA and UVB filters.

Table 6, Gel with 10% algae and UVA , UVB Filters.

EXAMPLE 2:

Skin Coverage with the Biologic Sunscreen Formulations

[00131] Formulations according to Tables 1-6 containing algae were prepared, and tested on human skin for sensorial feeling and cosmetic properties. Due to the small particle (algae) size the sensorial feeling of the above was consistent with that observed upon use of traditional cosmetic topical preparations. It can be concluded that whole mount algae at a size below 20μπι and at a concentration of w/w of up to 20%, do not influence the cosmetics sensory of topical on skin.

[00132] When different commercially available samples of algae were thus formulated, spread over the skin and observed via light microscopy, it was found that algae having a size of less than 20 μπι formed a consistent thin layer that totally covered the skin surface. To demonstrate the consistency of the algae layer, microscopic glass slides were spread with the formulation containing 15% Tetraselamis algae. The glass was covered with lmg lotion/cm to create a 10 μηι thin layer and observed under microscope (Figure 1). As indicated by the microscopic observation, the lotion containing 15% Tetraselamis provided full consistent coverage..

[00133] Similar tests were conducted with Nannochloropsis. A lotion comprising 8% Nannochloropsis formulated in a cosmetic vehicle were smeared on a glass slide. The Nannochloropsis formulation provided full consistency coverage and exhibited a similar appearance to that observed in Figure 1 (Figure 2).

EXAMPLE 3:

Sun Protection with the Biologic Sunscreen Formulations

[00134] Sunscreen formulations are known to reduce the transmission of UVA and UVB light into skin, which can be monitored, inter alia, via the determination of light transmission by spectrophotometry. Sunscreen protection as represented by a sun protection factor (SPF) value to skin burn (Minimal erythematic dose) is typically determined in in vivo testing of human skin irradiated with UVB (280-320 nm only) radiation. For example, a sun protection of formulation containing 2% Zinc oxide w/w (physical filter for UVA and UVB) and 7.5% of Octhylmethxycinamate has been found to provide an in-vivo value of SPF 15 (Sun Protection Factor) indicating that this sunscreen provides the skin with 15 times its native protection against sun burn. The same SPF 15 formula was used in a spectrophotometric assay, which provided a transmittance curve for a 10 μπι layer of applied composition as shown in Figure 3. From Fig 3 it can be observed that the transmission of UVB light (280-320nm) is lowered to about 10%.

[00135] Figure 4, presents another example of the usefulness of the spectrophotometric assay for determining sunscreen efficacy. In this instance, a sunscreen of SPF 20 capability having higher UVA protection was assessed. The formulation contained: Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate 7.5%, Ethylhexyl Salicylate 4%, Octocrylene 1% and sunscreen filter to absorb UVA Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane 2%. A total of 14.5% of sunscreen filter in the formula was needed to provide the skin protection of 20 times the skin protection against sun burn and to provide some protection against UVA. The SPF 20 formula was used to show the transmittance curve for a 10 μπι layer thick lotion, as described above, when assayed via spectrophotometry, with transmittance being less, when probing for light transmittance in the UVB range (280-320), as well in the UVA range (320-400nm) .

[00136] When a formulation containing 6% w/w of Isochrisis algae was utilized, the formulation exhibited a profile comparable to that of SPF 15 formulation, in terms of the transmittance values obtained (Fig 5).

[00137] When superimposing the transmission curve for the 2%Zinc and 7.5% OMC formulation (SPF 15 in vivo) with that for the 6% Isochrisis algae (Fig 6) once can observe a comparable efficacy for the 6% algae-containing formulation, in terms of its ability to prevent UV transmission at the same ratio as SPF 15 formula containing 9.5% organic and physical filters.

[00138] Moreover, from figure 6, it was evident that the Isocrisis-containing formulation performed more effectively in terms of preventing transmission in the UVB region (280-320 nra).

[00139] Other types of algae were demonstrated to be effective in terms of reducing UVA transmission, as well (Figure 7). An 8% w/w Nannochloropsis-containing formulation was effective in preventing UVA transmission (320nm-400nm).

[00140] The above-described examples support the finding that a formulation comprising whole mount Algae of a size of less than 15 μπι, when formulated within a cosmetic or topical composition, prevents UV radiation, thereby functioning as sunscreen filters.

EXAMPLE 4:

Biologic sunscreen efficacy is comparable to that of existing filters

A method to evaluate the absorbency or the scattering entities of physical or organic filter is the following:

lmg of the tested material was diluted in 100ml solvent or / H₂0. The Absorbance of the dilute material at 280-320nm was evaluated and compared to commercially available physical and organic filters. The results are provided in Table 7, hereinbelow:

[00141] Thus administration of Nannochloropsis at a concentration of lmg per 100ml demonstrated UVB absorption similar to that observed with known physical and organic sunscreen filters.

[00142] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed in the scope of the claims.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A topical composition comprising non-viable whole cell algae, wherein said non-viable whole cell algae is present at a concentration of 1 -20% w/w.

2. A topical composition comprising non-viable whole cell algae, wherein said non-viable whole cell algae is present at a concentration of 5-15% w/w.

3. A topical composition comprising non- viable whole cell algae, wherein said non-viable whole cell algae is present at a concentration of 2 -10% w/w.

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein said non-viable whole cell algae is sized to between 0.5- 15 μηι.

5. The composition of claim 1, wherein said non-viable whole cell algae is sized to between 0.5 - 10 μπι.

6. The composition of claim 1, wherein said non-viable whole cell algae is sized to between 0.5 - 6 μπι.

7. The composition of claim 1, wherein said composition is for cosmetic application.

8. The composition of claim 7, wherein said composition further comprises a therapeutic agent for skin care.

9. The composition of claim 1, wherein said composition is used for sun protection.

10. The composition of claim 1, wherein said composition is used to prevent skin aging or wrinkling.

11. The composition of claim 1, wherein said composition further comprises at least one additional organic or chemical UVA or UVB filter, or combinations thereof.

12. A method of skin protection said method comprising the step of covering the skin with a homogeneous UVA- UVB protection shield of non-viable whole cell algae.

13. A method of sun protection against UVB exposure in a subject, said method comprising the step of applying a topical composition comprising non-viable whole cell algae, wherein said non-viable whole cell algae is present at a concentration of 1 -20% w/w to a skin of said subject.

14. A method of sun protection against UVA exposure in a subject, said method comprising the step of applying a topical composition comprising non-viable whole cell algae, wherein said non-viable whole cell algae is present at a concentration of 1 -20% w/w to a skin of said subject.

15. A method of protecting a skin against aging or wrinkling in a subject, said method comprising the step of applying a topical composition comprising non-viable whole cell algae, wherein said non-viable whole cell algae is present at a concentration of 1 -20% w/w to a skin susceptible to or suffering from aging or wrinkling in said subject.

16. The method of claim 12-15, wherein said non-viable whole cell algae is sized to between 0.5- 15 μηι.

17. The method of claim 12-15, wherein said non-viable whole cell algae is sized to between 0.5 - 10 μιη.

18. The method of claim 12-15, wherein said non-viable whole cell algae is sized to between 0.5 - 6 μηι.

19. The method of claim 12-15, wherein said composition is for cosmetic application.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein said composition further comprises a therapeutic agent for skin care.

21. The method of claim 12-15, wherein said composition is used for sun protection.

22. The method of claim 12-15, wherein said composition is used to prevent skin aging or wrinkling.

23. The method of claim 12-15, wherein said composition further comprises at least one additional organic or chemical UVA or UVB filter, or combinations thereof.