WO2012092698A1 - 一种三相电流限制装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种三相电流限制装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012092698A1
WO2012092698A1 PCT/CN2011/001985 CN2011001985W WO2012092698A1 WO 2012092698 A1 WO2012092698 A1 WO 2012092698A1 CN 2011001985 W CN2011001985 W CN 2011001985W WO 2012092698 A1 WO2012092698 A1 WO 2012092698A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
current
phase
circuit
coil
magnetic saturation
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PCT/CN2011/001985
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李晓明
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山东大学
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Publication of WO2012092698A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012092698A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
    • H02H9/021—Current limitation using saturable reactors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of power system transmission and transformation, and particularly relates to a three-phase current limiting device and method.
  • the power generation capacity continues to rise, and the short-circuit current caused by the short circuit of the power system is large.
  • the short-circuit current caused by a short circuit in the power system is very harmful to the power system.
  • a trip command is issued to trip the circuit breaker and cut off the short-circuit current.
  • the ability of the circuit breaker to cut off the short-circuit current is limited.
  • the short-circuit current exceeds the maximum cut-off current value of the circuit breaker, the circuit breaker cannot cut off the short-circuit current. Therefore, the short-circuit current is reduced, and the circuit breaker can cut off the short-circuit current, thereby reducing the damage degree of the power equipment in the short circuit and improving the stability of the power system.
  • the invention patent No.: 2003101235398 Superconducting Saturated Iron Core Fault Current Limiter proposes a current limiter which utilizes the saturation characteristics of the magnetic saturation reactor core, which requires a superconducting material and is expensive. Superconducting materials are unstable in performance and complicated in maintenance equipment.
  • the invention patent number: 2004100802846 "a fault current limiter” also proposes a current limiter using the saturation characteristics of the magnetic saturation reactor core. The disadvantage of this current limiter is: providing a direct current to the DC coil The circuit is complicated; the effect of limiting the short-circuit current is limited; only limiting the short-circuit current, the price/performance ratio is not high, and so on.
  • the invention patent No.: 2010105753926 proposes a current limiting device and method with better cost performance, which is a single phase setting.
  • the power system is generally, B, (: three-phase system, therefore, three sets are required to use the device. Three sets of single-phase settings work separately, and the management is convenient; however, the three-phase systems of A, B, and C cannot be combined. Comprehensive advantages, some A, B, C three-phase system support resources are not fully utilized; the short-circuit current limit needs to be executed by the controller's trigger command, the reliability is not good enough.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the above problems, and to provide a comprehensive advantage of the combined work of the eight, B, and C three-phase systems, and the resources of the three-phase systems of A, B, and C can be fully utilized; Functional, safe and reliable, three-phase current limiting device and method with better performance.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a three-phase current limiting device comprising:
  • A-phase magnetic saturation reactor, B-phase magnetic saturation reactor and C-phase magnetic saturation reactor each magnetic saturation reactor has a closed-loop iron core, and respective reactance coils L1 and DC coils L2 are respectively mounted on the closed-loop iron cores. ;
  • a phase current transformer, B phase current transformer and C phase current transformer each current transformer has a closed loop iron core, and each of the closed loop iron cores is respectively provided with a respective primary coil L3 and a secondary coil L4;
  • the three reactance coils L1 of the three magnetic saturation reactors are respectively connected in series with the corresponding primary coils L3 of the three current transformers, and the remaining terminals of the three reactance coils L1 serve as the three-phase input terminals of the devices A, B, and C, respectively.
  • the remaining terminals of the current transformer primary coil L3 are respectively used as the three-phase output terminals of the devices A, B and C;
  • Three three-phase bridge type full-bridge rectifier circuit, three current transformer secondary coils L4 are respectively input as the three-phase bridge type full-bridge rectifier circuit, and the outputs of three three-phase bridge type full-bridge rectifier circuits are connected in parallel with one
  • the forward diode D13 is connected in series, and then serially connected with the DC coils of the three magnetic saturation reactors to form a DC closed circuit;
  • a control circuit whose output controls the conduction or interruption of three pairs of anti-parallel thyristors, respectively.
  • the three three-phase bridge full-bridge rectifier circuit is composed of 12 diodes, wherein the diode D1, the diode D2, the diode D3, and the diode D4 form a three-phase bridge full-bridge rectifier circuit; the diode D5, the diode D6, and the diode D7
  • the diode D8 constitutes a three-phase bridge full-bridge rectifier circuit; the diode D9, the diode D10, the diode Dl l, and the diode D12 form a three-phase bridge full-bridge rectifier circuit; the three-phase bridge-type full-bridge rectifier circuit output
  • the terminals are connected in parallel, and the output is also connected in parallel with the voltage protector II.
  • a series resistor R1 and a capacitor C1 are connected in parallel at both ends of the series circuit, and a series resistor R2 and a diode D14 are connected in parallel, and parallel voltage protection is also provided.
  • I in which a diode D21 is also connected in parallel with the resistor R1, the anode of the diode D21 is at a high potential of the DC loop, and the cathode of the cathode is at a low potential of the DC loop.
  • the current transformer When the current flowing through the primary coil L3 of the three current transformers is greater than the design value, the current transformer enters a saturated state; the design value is greater than the rated current value of the transmission circuit.
  • a working method of a three-phase current limiting device the process of which is: when the three-phase current limiting device is connected to the conduction command, the control module controls three pairs of anti-parallel thyristors in an off state; the three-phase alternating current of the input device is respectively The reactance coil L1 of each phase of the magnetic saturation reactor and the current transformer primary coil L3 flow; the current flowing out of each of the three-phase current transformer secondary coil L4 flows into the three-phase bridge full-bridge rectifier circuit, three-phase bridge type
  • the full-bridge rectifier circuit converts the three-phase alternating current into a direct current, and the three-phase direct current is added to the three magnetic saturation reactor DC coils L2 connected in series, and the direct current generated in the three DC coils L2 is generated in the core.
  • the flux is larger than the magnetic flux generated by the alternating current in the reactance coil, and the magnetic saturation reactor core is deeply saturated; the impedance of the reactance coil L1 of the three magnetic saturation reactors to the transmission circuit has
  • the control module controls three pairs of anti-parallel thyristors in an all-on state; the three three-phase current transformer secondary coils L4 all flow from the anti-parallel thyristors , does not flow into the three-phase bridge type full-bridge rectifier circuit, does not flow into the magnetic saturation reactor DC coil L2; the magnetic saturation reactor core is out of saturation, The reactance of the magnetic saturation reactor coil L1 connected in series in the transmission circuit has a maximum value.
  • the three current transformers are designed with a current transformer saturation point corresponding to the short-circuit current, so that the short-circuit current passed by the three current transformers is faster than the design value, and the current of the DC coil of the magnetic saturation reactor is automatically reduced.
  • the short circuit current can also be automatically limited if the control circuit is out of control.
  • the current of the three magnetic saturation reactor DC coils L2 is the sum of the three, B, and C three-phase currents.
  • the non-fault phase current can be automatically reduced without control circuit control.
  • the current of the DC coil of the magnetic saturation reactor can also automatically limit the short-circuit current when the control circuit loses control.
  • the discharge design value of the overvoltage protector I, II is the highest voltage value across the overvoltage protector when the short circuit current flows through the DC coil; when the short circuit current flowing through the three-phase current limiting device is greater than the design value, the voltage protection Modules I and II discharge, automatically reduce the current of the DC coil of the magnetic saturation reactor, and automatically limit the short-circuit current when the control circuit loses control.
  • the invention provides a comprehensive advantage that can play the combined work of the three-phase system of A, B and C, and the resources of the three-phase system of A, B and C are fully utilized; the automatic short-circuit current is limited, safe and reliable, and the performance is better.
  • Three-phase current limiting device Three-phase current limiting device.
  • the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
  • the control circuit of the three-phase system of A, B, C can set a grounding point, so that the potential of the whole control circuit to the earth is zero, and the control circuit is more secure.
  • the ratio between the primary coil and the secondary coil of the current transformer By changing the ratio between the primary coil and the secondary coil of the current transformer, the number of turns of the DC coil of the magnetic saturation reactor can be reduced or increased, and the parameter design of the three-phase current limiting device can be more flexible and convenient.
  • the saturation point of the current transformer the current transformer can be quickly saturated in the short-circuit current, automatically reducing the current of the DC coil of the magnetic saturation reactor, and automatically limiting the short-circuit current when the control circuit is out of control, and Protected thyristors and diodes.
  • the current of the DC coil of the magnetic saturation reactor is supplied by the three phases A, B and C.
  • the currents A, B, (: the sum of the three-phase currents supplied to the DC coil of the magnetic saturation reactor, when the power system is in normal operation, the magnetic saturation reactor is supplied.
  • the current of the DC coil is larger than that of the split-phase current limiting device, which can reduce the DC coil turns of the magnetic saturation reactor.
  • the non-fault phase is the load current, which reduces the total current of the DC coil of the magnetic saturation reactor, and can automatically limit the short-circuit current without control circuit control.
  • the discharge design value of the protector is the highest voltage value across the overvoltage protector when the short-circuit current flows through the DC coil; when the short-circuit current flowing through the three-phase current limiting device is greater than the design value, the overvoltage protector discharges and automatically decreases
  • the current of the DC coil of the magnetic saturation reactor can also be automatically limited if the control circuit is out of control. Short circuit current.
  • Figure 1 shows the structure and connection of a three-phase current limiting device
  • Phase A input terminal 2. Phase B input terminal, 3. Phase C input terminal, 4. Phase A output terminal, 5. B Phase output terminal, 6. Phase C output terminal, 7. Phase A magnetic saturation reactor, 8. Phase B magnetic saturation reactor, 9. Phase C magnetic saturation reactor, 10. Phase A current transformer, 11. Phase B Current transformer, 12. Phase C current transformer, 13. Overvoltage protector I, 14. Overvoltage protector II, 15. Control module.
  • a three-phase current limiting device structure and connection mode is shown in Figure 1. it includes:
  • phase magnetic saturation reactor 7 B phase magnetic saturation reactor 8 and C phase magnetic saturation reactor 9; each magnetic saturation reactor has a closed loop iron core, and each of the closed loop iron cores is respectively provided with a respective reactance coil L1, DC coil L2;
  • Three pairs of anti-parallel thyristors, three pairs of anti-parallel thyristors are respectively connected with the secondary coil L4 of three current transformers;
  • the three reactance coils L1 of the three magnetic saturation reactors are respectively connected in series with the three current transformer primary coils L3, and the remaining terminals of the three reactance coils L1 are respectively used as the device A phase input terminal 1, the B phase input terminal 2, and the C phase input. Terminal, three current transformer primary coil L3 remaining terminals as device A phase output terminal 4, B phase output terminal 5, B phase output terminal 6;
  • Three three-phase bridge type full-bridge rectifier circuit, three current transformer secondary coils L4 are respectively input as the three-phase bridge type full-bridge rectifier circuit, and the outputs of three three-phase bridge type full-bridge rectifier circuits are connected in parallel with one
  • the forward diode D13 is connected in series, and then serially connected with the DC coils of the three magnetic saturation reactors to form a DC closed circuit;
  • a control circuit whose output controls the conduction or interruption of three pairs of anti-parallel thyristors, respectively.
  • the three three-phase bridge full-bridge rectifier circuit is composed of 12 diodes, wherein the diode D1, the diode D2, the diode D3, and the diode D4 form a three-phase bridge full-bridge rectifier circuit; the diode D5, the diode D6, and the diode D7
  • the diode D8 constitutes a three-phase bridge full-bridge rectifier circuit; the diode D9, the diode D10, the diode Dl l, and the diode D12 form a three-phase bridge full-bridge rectifier circuit; the three-phase bridge-type full-bridge rectifier circuit output Parallel, at the same time the output is also connected in parallel with the voltage protector 1114.
  • a series resistor R1 and a capacitor C1 are connected in parallel at both ends of the series circuit, and a series resistor R2 and a diode D14 are connected in parallel, and parallel voltage protection is also provided.
  • a resistor D21 is also connected in parallel with a diode D21 at both ends of the resistor R1, the anode of the diode D21 is at a high potential of the DC loop, and the cathode of the cathode is at a low potential of the DC loop.
  • the current transformer When the current flowing through the primary coil L3 of the three current transformers is greater than the design value, the current transformer enters saturation Specification state; the design value is greater than the rated current value of the transmission circuit.
  • the control module 15 controls the three pairs of anti-parallel thyristors D15, thyristor D16, thyristor D17, thyristor D18, thyristor D19, and thyristor D20 to be in an off state.
  • the three-phase AC current of the input device A, B, and C flows through the reactance coil L1 of each phase of the magnetic saturation reactor and the primary coil L3 of the current transformer.
  • A, B, C three-phase current transformer secondary coil L4 flows out of current proportional to primary coil L3, A, B, C three-phase current transformer secondary coil L4 current flows into three-phase bridge full-bridge rectifier circuit
  • the three-phase bridge type full-bridge rectifier circuit converts the three-phase alternating current into a direct current, through the positive terminal of the direct current terminal, through the diode D13 connected in the forward direction, and the direct current flows into the three magnetic saturation reactors serially connected in series.
  • the coil L2 flows from the negative pole of the three-phase bridge full-bridge rectifier circuit back to the three-phase bridge full-bridge rectifier circuit.
  • the DC current output from the three-phase bridge full-bridge rectifier circuit is the sum of the three-phase currents of A, B, and C.
  • the current in the DC coil L2 of the magnetic saturation reactor generates a magnetic flux in the core of the magnetic saturation reactor, and the magnetic flux generated by the direct current in each DC coil L2 in the iron core is larger than the magnetic flux generated in the alternating current in the reactance coil L1.
  • the magnetic saturation reactor core is deeply saturated.
  • the magnetic saturation reactor DC coil L2 has zero reactance to direct current.
  • the magnetic saturation reactor DC coil L2 has resistance to direct current, but the resistance is small. Increasing the diameter of each magnetic saturation reactor DC coil L2 can further reduce the resistance.
  • the impedance of each of the magnetic saturation reactor DC coils L2 to the transmission circuit is small.
  • the load current of the transmission circuit is small, and the DC current supplied to the DC coil L2 of each magnetic saturation reactor is small; the load current of the transmission circuit is large, and the DC current supplied by the transmission circuit current to the DC coil L2 of each magnetic saturation reactor is Big.
  • the cores of the magnetic saturation reactors are always in a saturated state; the cores of the magnetic saturation reactors are in a saturated state, and the impedance of each magnetic saturation reactor coil L1 to the transmission circuit is small, which does not affect the load.
  • Use electricity Since the DC current in the DC coil L2 has self-regulating ability, the DC current in the DC coil L2 is automatically reduced when the load current is small, which can reduce the loss during normal operation of the power system.
  • the control module 15 controls three pairs of antiparallel thyristors D15, thyristor D16, thyristor D17, thyristor D18, thyristor D19, and thyristor D20. Fully conductive state. The thyristors connected in reverse parallel are all turned on, bypassing the secondary coil L4 of the 4, B, and C phase current transformers, and the currents of the secondary coils L4 of the current transformers all flow from the thyristors, and do not flow into the three-phase bridge type. The bridge rectifier circuit does not flow into the DC coil L2 of each magnetic saturation reactor.
  • the DC current in the DC coil L2 of the three-phase magnetic saturation reactor of A, B, C is zero; the core of each magnetic saturation reactor is out of saturation, and the reactance of each magnetic saturation reactor coil L1 connected in series in the transmission circuit is very Big. Thereby achieving the purpose of limiting the amplitude of the alternating current.
  • the DC coil L1 of each magnetic saturation reactor is an energy storage element.
  • the control module 15 controls the three pairs of anti-parallel thyristors D15, thyristor D16, thyristor D17, inter-crystalline tube D18, thyristor D19, and thyristor D20 in a fully-on state, the DC current in the DC coil L2 of each magnetic saturation reactor cannot be Immediately dropped to zero.
  • Diode D14 and series connected resistor R2 The book provides a freewheeling path.
  • the resistor R2 consumes energy and accelerates the DC current drop in the DC coil L2 of each magnetic saturation reactor to zero.
  • the capacitor C1 and the series connected resistor R1 can also accelerate the DC current drop in the DC coil L2 of each magnetic saturation reactor to zero.
  • Other de-excitation devices can be added to the DC current loop in series with each of the magnetic saturation reactor DC coils L2 as needed, and many existing de-excitation devices are available. Accelerate the DC current drop in the DC coil L2 of each magnetic saturation reactor to zero, which can improve the performance of the current limiting device.
  • Overvoltage protectors 113, 1114 are used to protect individual diodes, thyristors, and related components.
  • the maximum voltage across the overvoltage protector can be set to the discharge voltage of the overvoltage protector 113, ⁇ 4, and K is greater than 1; thus, when the short circuit current exceeds the K multiple of the rated current, the voltage is set.
  • the protectors 113 and ⁇ 4 are discharged, and the DC drop in each of the magnetic saturation reactor DC coils L2 is zero, the reactance of the reactance coil L1 of each magnetic saturation reactor is increased, the short-circuit current is limited, and the short-circuit current is passed through the three-phase current limiting device.
  • the iron core in each of the magnetic saturation reactors may adopt a mouth-shaped iron core, and the DC coils L2 in the A, B, and C three-phase magnetic saturation reactors are serially connected to form an open triangle.
  • the iron core in each of the magnetic saturation reactors may also adopt two-port iron core, and the reactance coil L1 of each magnetic saturation reactor is composed of a reactance coil L1 wound on two iron cores respectively, and each magnetic saturation reactance
  • the DC coil L2 of the device is composed of DC coils respectively wound on two iron cores, for example: the structure proposed by the "short circuit current limiting device and method" of the invention patent number: 2008101592788; the magnetic saturation reactor can be invented Patent No.: 2010105840411 "Structure of a magnetically-saturated reactor”; other types of magnetic saturation reactors.
  • the performance of the device has its own characteristics, so as to be applied to different occasions.
  • the magnetic saturation reactor of the "current limiting device and method with flexible switching characteristics" of the invention patent number: 2010105753926 is selected, the three-phase current limiting device can be almost completely turned on to the normal excitation current. Change between the two states.
  • a grounding point can be set on the secondary coil side of the current transformer, so that the potential of the control circuit 15 to the ground is zero, and the control circuit is safer.
  • the number of turns of the DC coil L2 of each magnetic saturation reactor can be reduced or increased, and the parameter index design of the three-phase current limiting device can be more flexible.
  • the primary coil L3 is twice the secondary coil L4
  • the direct current flowing through the DC coil L2 of each magnetic saturation reactor is doubled, and the number of turns of the direct current coil L2 is reduced by half to obtain the same magnetic through.
  • the number of turns of the DC coil L2 of each of the magnetic saturation reactors of the present invention may be smaller than the number of turns of the reactance coil L1.
  • each current transformer can be quickly saturated in the short-circuit current, and the current of each magnetic saturation reactor DC coil L2 can be automatically reduced, and the control circuit can automatically limit when the control circuit loses control.
  • Short-circuit current and protects each thyristor and each diode. For example: Set the current circuit of the transmission circuit for each current transformer The saturation value, in this way, once the current transformers are saturated, the current of each current transformer secondary coil L4 is small, and the direct current in the DC coil L2 of each magnetic saturation reactor drops to a small value, and the reactance coil of each magnetic saturation reactor The reactance of L1 is increased to limit the short-circuit current so that the short-circuit current is not more than twice the rated current.
  • the current of each magnetic saturation reactor DC coil L2 is provided by three phases of B, C, and the current supplied to the DC coil L2 of each magnetic saturation reactor is the sum of the three-phase currents of eight, B, and C. When the power system is in normal operation, it is supplied to each.
  • the current of the DC coil L2 of the magnetic saturation reactor is larger than that of the phase-separated current limiting device, and the number of DC coils L2 of each magnetic saturation reactor used in the three-phase current limiting device is smaller than that of the phase-separated current limiting device.
  • the power system has an asymmetric short circuit, especially the single-phase grounding short circuit with the highest probability of failure, only the fault phase has a short-circuit current, and the non-fault phase is the load current. (Compared with the three-phase short-circuit current) the magnetic saturation reactor is reduced. The total current of the DC coil can automatically limit the short-circuit current of the asymmetric short circuit without the control of the control circuit. This feature is superior to the split-phase current limiting device.
  • control module 15 When the control module 15 controls three pairs of anti-parallel thyristors D15, thyristor D16 thyristors, thyristors D17, thyristors D18, thyristors D19, and thyristors D20 are in an off state.
  • the magnetic saturation reactor cores are in a saturated state, and the impedance of each magnetic saturation reactor coil L1 to the transmission circuit has a minimum value.
  • the control module 15 controls three pairs of anti-parallel thyristors D15, thyristor D16, thyristor D17, thyristor D18, thyristor D19, and thyristor D20 are in a fully conducting state.
  • the DC current in the DC coil L2 of each three-phase magnetic saturation reactor is zero; the core of each magnetic saturation reactor is out of saturation, and the reactance of each magnetic saturation reactor coil L1 connected in series in the transmission circuit has a maximum value.
  • the control module 15 controls three pairs of anti-parallel thyristors D15, thyristor D16, thyristor D17, thyristor D18, thyristor D19, and thyristor D20 to gradually increase the conduction angle from the fully off state, the reactance of each magnetic saturation reactor coil L1 is The minimum value changes continuously to the maximum value.
  • Each of the three-phase current limiting devices becomes a continuous magnetron reactor.
  • the components of the three-phase current limiting device and method can be designed and manufactured by the prior art, and can be fully realized. It has broad application prospects.

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Description

明 一种三相电流限制装置及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及电力系统送变电技术领域， 特别涉及一种三相电流限制装置及方法。
背景技术
随着电力系统的不断发展， 发电容量的不断上升， 电力系统发生短路引起的短路电流很 大。 电力系统发生短路引起的短路电流对电力系统的危害是很大的。 继电保护装置在电力系 统发生短路时， 发出跳闸命令， 使断路器跳闸， 切断短路电流。 断路器切断短路电流的能力 有限制， 短路电流超过断路器最大切断电流值时， 断路器无法切断短路电流。 因此， 减小短 路电流， 使断路器能够切断短路电流， 可减小电力设备在短路时的损害程度， 提高电力系统 的稳定性。
近年来研究限制短路电流的方法与装置 （也称电流限制器） 成为热门课题。
发明专利号为： 2003101235398 的 "超导饱和铁心故障限流器"提出了一种利用磁饱和 电抗器铁芯的饱和特性构成电流限制器， 这种故障限流器需要超导材料， 价格贵， 超导材料 性能不稳定， 维护设备复杂。 发明专利号为： 2004100802846 的 "一种故障电流限制器"也 提出了一种利用磁饱和电抗器铁芯的饱和特性构成电流限制器， 这种电流限制器的缺点是： 给直流线圈提供直流电流的电路复杂； 限制短路电流的效果有限； 只有限制短路电流作用， 性价比不高， 等等。
发明专利号为： 2010105753926 的 "具有柔性开关特性的电流限制装置及方法"提出了 一种性价比较好的电流限制装置及方法， 这种装置是单相设置。 电力系统一般是 、 B、 （：三 相系统， 所以， 采用该装置需设置三套。 三套单相设置分别工作， 管理比较方便； 但是， 不 能发挥 A、 B、 C三相系统联合工作的综合优点， 一些 A、 B、 C三相系统相互支持的资源得不 到充分利用； 对短路电流的限制需要通过控制器的触发命令执行， 可靠性不够好。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了解决上述问题， 提供一种能发挥八、 B、 C三相系统联合工作的综 合优势， A、 B、 C三相系统的资源可得到充分利用； 对短路电流有自动限制功能， 安全可靠， 性能更优的三相电流限制装置及方法。
为实现上述目的， 本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种三相电流限制装置， 它包括：
A相磁饱和电抗器、 B相磁饱和电抗器和 C相磁饱和电抗器； 各磁饱和电抗器分别有闭环 铁芯， 在各闭环铁芯上分别安装有各自的电抗线圈 Ll、 直流线圈 L2;
A相电流互感器、 B相电流互感器和 C相电流互感器； 各电流互感器分别有闭环铁芯， 在 各闭环铁芯上分别安装有各自的一次线圈 L3、 二次线圈 L4;
三对反向并联的晶闸管， 每对反向并联的晶闸管分别与三台电流互感器中相应的二次线 圈 L4并联；
三台磁饱和电抗器的三个电抗线圈 L1则分别与三台电流互感器中对应的一次线圈 L3串 联， 三个电抗线圈 L1余下的端子分别作为装置 A、 B、 C三相输入端子， 三个电流互感器一次 线圈 L3余下的端子分别作为装置 A、 B、 C三相输出端子；
三个三相桥式全桥整流电路，三只电流互感器二次线圈 L4分别作为该三相桥式全桥整流 电路输入， 三个三相桥式全桥整流电路的输出并联后与一只正向二极管 D13串联， 再与三台 磁饱和电抗器的直流线圈依次串连， 形成直流闭合电路；
一个控制电路， 其输出分别控制三对反向并联的晶闸管的导通或截断。
所述三个三相桥式全桥整流电路是由 12只二极管组成， 其中二极管 Dl、 二极管 D2、 二 极管 D3、 二极管 D4构成一个三相桥式全桥整流电路； 二极管 D5、 二极管 D6、 二极管 D7、 二 极管 D8构成一个三相桥式全桥整流电路； 二极管 D9、 二极管 D10、 二极管 Dl l、 二极管 D12 构成一个三相桥式全桥整流电路； 所述三个三相桥式全桥整流电路输出端并联， 同时输出端 还并联过电压保护器 II。
所述三台磁饱和电抗器的三个直流线圈 L2串接后，该串联电路两端还分别并联有串联的 电阻 R1和电容 Cl， 并联有串联的电阻 R2和二极管 D14, 还并联过电压保护器 I； 其中电阻 R1两端还并联一只二极管 D21， 二极管 D21的正极在直流回路的高电位， 负极在直流回路的 低电位。
所述三台电流互感器的一次线圈 L3 流过的电流大于设计值时， 电流互感器进入饱和状 态； 该设计值大于输电回路额定电流值。
一种三相电流限制装置的工作方法， 它的过程为- 三相电流限制装置接到导通命令时，控制模块控制三对反向并联的晶闸管处于截止状态； 输入装置的三相交流电流分别经各相别的磁饱和电抗器的电抗线圈 L1 和电流互感器一次线 圈 L3流通； 各三相电流互感器二次线圈 L4流出的电流都流入三相桥式全桥整流电路， 三相 桥式全桥整流电路把三相交流电变为直流电流， 三相直流电流相加后流入串行连接的三个磁 饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2， 三个直流线圈 L2中的直流电流在铁芯产生的磁通大于电抗线圈中 交流电流所产生的磁通， 磁饱和电抗器铁芯深度饱和； 三个磁饱和电抗器的电抗线圈 L1对输 电回路的阻抗有最小值；
当三相电流限制装置接到限制电流命令时， 控制模块控制三对反向并联的晶闸管处于全 导通状态； 三个三相电流互感器二次线圈 L4的电流全部从反向并联的晶闸管流通， 不流入三 相桥式全桥整流电路，也不流入磁饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2;磁饱和电抗器铁芯脱离饱和状态， 串联在输电回路中的磁饱和电抗器线圈 L1的电抗有最大值。
所述三个电流互感器设计有对应短路电流的电流互感器饱和点， 使三个电流互感器通过 的短路电流大于该设计值时快速饱和， 自动减小磁饱和电抗器直流线圈的电流， 在控制电路 失去控制的情况下， 也能自动限制短路电流。
所述三个磁饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2的电流为八、 B、 C三相电流之和， 当电力系统发生不 对称短路， 在没有控制电路控制的情况下， 非故障相电流能自动减小磁饱和电抗器直流线圈 的电流， 在控制电路失去控制的情况下， 也能自动限制短路电流。
所述过电压保护器 I、 II的放电设计值为短路电流流过直流线圈时过电压保护器两端的 最高电压值； 当流过三相电流限制装置的短路电流大于该设计值时， 电压保护模块 I、 II放 电， 自动减小磁饱和电抗器直流线圈的电流， 在控制电路失去控制的情况下， 也能自动限制 短路电流。
本发明提供了一种能发挥 A、 B、 C三相系统联合工作的综合优势， A、 B、 C三相系统的 资源得到充分利用； 对短路电流有自动限制功能， 安全可靠， 性能更优的三相电流限制装置。
本发明的有益效果是： A、 B、 C三相系统的控制电路可以设置一个接地点， 使整个控制 电路对大地的电位为零， 控制电路更加安全。 可以通过改变电流互感器一次线圈与二次线圈 之间的变比， 来减小或增加磁饱和电抗器直流线圈的匝数， 使三相电流限制装置的参数指标 设计更加灵活和方便。 可以通过设计电流互感器的饱和点， 使电流互感器在短路电流时快速 饱和， 自动减小磁饱和电抗器直流线圈的电流， 在控制电路失去控制的情况下， 也能自动限 制短路电流， 并且保护了晶闸管和二极管。 磁饱和电抗器直流线圈的电流由 A、 B、 C三相提 供， 供给磁饱和电抗器直流线圈的电流 A、 B、 （：三相电流之和， 电力系统正常运行时， 供 给磁饱和电抗器直流线圈的电流比分相式电流限制装置大， 可减少磁饱和电抗器直流线圈匝 数。 当电力系统发生不对称短路， 特别是发生故障概率最多的单相接地短路时， 只有故障相 有短路电流， 非故障相为负荷电流， 减小了磁饱和电抗器直流线圈的总电流， 在没有控制电 路控制的情况下， 也能自动限制短路电流， 该特点优于分相式电流限制装置。 过电压保护器 的放电设计值为短路电流流过直流线圈时过电压保护器两端的最高电压值； 当流过三相电流 限制装置的短路电流大于该设计值时， 过电压保护器放电， 自动减小磁饱和电抗器直流线圈 的电流， 在控制电路失去控制的情况下， 也能自动限制短路电流。
附图说明
图 1表示一种三相电流限制装置结构与连接方式；
其中， 1. A相输入端子， 2. B相输入端子， 3. C相输入端子， 4. A相输出端子， 5. B 相输出端子， 6. C相输出端子， 7. A相磁饱和电抗器， 8. B相磁饱和电抗器， 9. C相磁饱 和电抗器， 10. A相电流互感器， 11. B相电流互感器， 12. C相电流互感器， 13. 过电压保 护器 I, 14. 过电压保护器 II， 15. 控制模块。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
一种三相电流限制装置结构与连接方式如图 1所示。 它包括：
A相磁饱和电抗器 7、 B相磁饱和电抗器 8和 C相磁饱和电抗器 9; 各磁饱和电抗器分别 有闭环铁芯， 在各闭环铁芯上分别安装有各自的电抗线圈 Ll、 直流线圈 L2;
A相电流互感器 10、 B相电流互感器 11和 C相电流互感器 12; 各电流互感器分别有闭环 铁芯， 在各闭环铁芯上分别安装有一次线圈 L3、 二次线圈 L4;
三对反向并联的晶闸管，三对反向并联的晶闸管分别与三台电流互感器的二次线圈 L4并 联；
三台磁饱和电抗器的三个电抗线圈 L1分别与三台电流互感器一次线圈 L3串联， 三个电 抗线圈 L1余下的端子分别作为装置 A相输入端子 1、 B相输入端子 2、 C相输入端子， 三个电 流互感器一次线圈 L3余下的端子分别作为装置 A相输出端子 4、 B相输出端子 5、 B相输出 端子 6；
三个三相桥式全桥整流电路，三只电流互感器二次线圈 L4分别作为该三相桥式全桥整流 电路输入， 三个三相桥式全桥整流电路的输出并联后与一只正向二极管 D13串联， 再与三台 磁饱和电抗器的直流线圈依次串连， 形成直流闭合电路；
一个控制电路， 其输出分别控制三对反向并联的晶闸管的导通或截断。
所述三个三相桥式全桥整流电路是由 12只二极管组成， 其中二极管 Dl、 二极管 D2、 二 极管 D3、 二极管 D4构成一个三相桥式全桥整流电路； 二极管 D5、 二极管 D6、 二极管 D7、 二 极管 D8构成一个三相桥式全桥整流电路； 二极管 D9、 二极管 D10、 二极管 Dl l、 二极管 D12 构成一个三相桥式全桥整流电路； 所述三个三相桥式全桥整流电路输出并联， 同时输出端还 并联过电压保护器 1114。
所述三台磁饱和电抗器的三个直流线圈 L2串接后，该串联电路两端还分别并联有串联的 电阻 R1和电容 Cl， 并联有串联的电阻 R2和二极管 D14， 还并联过电压保护器 113; 其中电 阻 R1两端还并联一只二极管 D21 , 二极管 D21的正极在直流回路的高电位， 负极在直流回路 的低电位。
所述三台电流互感器的一次线圈 L3 流过的电流大于设计值时， 电流互感器进入饱和状 说明书 态； 该设计值大于输电回路额定电流值。
当三相电流限制装置投入正常运行的电力系统和接到导通命令时，控制模块 15控制三对 反向并联的晶闸管 D15、 晶闸管 D16、 晶闸管 D17、 晶闸管 D18、 晶闸管 D19、 晶闸管 D20处 于截止状态。 输入装置的 A、 B、 C三相交流电流经各相别的磁饱和电抗器的电抗线圈 L1和电 流互感器一次线圈 L3流通。 A、 B、 C三相电流互感器二次线圈 L4流出与一次线圈 L3成比例 的电流， A、 B、 C三相电流互感器二次线圈 L4的电流分别流入三相桥式全桥整流电路， 三相 桥式全桥整流电路把三相交流电流变为直流电流， 经直流端子正极输出， 经正向串行连接的 二极管 D13， 直流电流流入依次串行连接的三个磁饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2， 从三相桥式全桥 整流电路负极流回三相桥式全桥整流电路。 三相桥式全桥整流电路输出的直流电流是 A、 B、 C三相电流之和。 磁饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2中的电流在磁饱和电抗器铁芯中产生磁通， 各直 流线圈 L2中的直流电流在铁芯产生的磁通大于电抗线圈 L1中的交流电流所产生的磁通， 磁 饱和电抗器铁芯深度饱和。磁饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2对直流电的电抗为零， 磁饱和电抗器直 流线圈 L2对直流电有电阻， 但电阻很小； 加大各磁饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2的直径， 可进一 步减小电阻。各磁饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2对于输电回路的阻抗很小。输电回路的负荷电流小， 输电回路电流给各磁饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2提供的直流电流就小； 输电回路的负荷电流大， 输电回路电流给各磁饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2提供的直流电流就大。不论输电回路的负荷电流 大小， 各磁饱和电抗器铁芯始终处于饱和状态； 各磁饱和电抗器铁芯处于饱和状态， 各磁饱 和电抗器线圈 L1对输电回路的阻抗很小， 不会影响负载的用电。 由于直流线圈 L2中的直流 电流有自我调节能力， 负荷电流小时， 直流线圈 L2中的直流电流自动减小， 可减低电力系统 正常运行时的损耗。
当输电回路正常运行时接到限制电流命令或发生短路故障时接到限制电流命令， 控制模 块 15控制三对反向并联的晶闸管 D15、 晶闸管 D16、 晶闸管 D17、 晶闸管 D18、 晶闸管 D19、 晶闸管 D20处于全导通状态。 反向并联的各晶闸管全导通， 使4、 B、 C相电流互感器二次线 圈 L4旁路， 各电流互感器二次线圈 L4的电流全部从各晶闸管流通， 不流入三相桥式全桥整 流电路， 也不流入各磁饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2。 这样， A、 B、 C三相磁饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2中的直流电流为零； 各磁饱和电抗器铁芯脱离饱和状态， 串联在输电回路中的各磁饱和电 抗器线圈 L1的电抗很大。 从而达到限制交流电流幅值的目的。
各磁饱和电抗器的直流线圈 L1是储能元件。控制模块 15控制三对反向并联的晶闸管 D15、 晶闸管 D16、 晶闸管 D17、 晶间管 D18、 晶闸管 D19、 晶闸管 D20处于全导通状态后， 各磁饱 和电抗器的直流线圈 L2中的直流电流不能马上降为零。 二极管 D14与串接的电阻 R2， 为其 明书 提供续流通路。 电阻 R2消耗能量， 加快各磁饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2中的直流电流降为零。 电容 C1与串接的电阻 Rl， 也可加快各磁饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2中的直流电流下降为零。 根 据需要， 在与各磁饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2串联的直流电流回路中还可以增加其他灭磁装置， 有许多现有的灭磁装置可供选择。 加快各磁饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2中的直流电流下降为零， 即可提高电流限制装置的性能。
过电压保护器 113、 1114用于保护各个二极管、 晶闸管和有关元件。 可以设定输电回路 K倍数的额定电流时各过电压保护器两端的最高电压为过电压保护器 113、 ΙΠ4的放电值， K 大于 1 ; 这样， 当短路电流超过 K倍数的额定电流时， 电压保护器 113、 ΙΠ4放电， 各磁饱 和电抗器直流线圈 L2中的直流下降为零， 各磁饱和电抗器的电抗线圈 L1的电抗增大， 限制 短路电流， 使通过三相电流限制装置的短路电流不大于 K倍数的额定电流。
所述各磁饱和电抗器中的铁芯可以采用一个口子形铁芯， A、 B、 C 三相磁饱和电抗器中 的直流线圈 L2串行连接成开口三角形。所述各磁饱和电抗器中的铁芯还可以采用二个口子形 铁芯， 各磁饱和电抗器的电抗线圈 L1由分别绕制在两个铁芯上的电抗线圈 L1组成， 各磁饱 和电抗器的直流线圈 L2 由分别绕制在两个铁芯上的直流线圈组成， 例如： 发明专利号为： 2008101592788 的 "短路电流限制装置及方法"提出的结构； 所述磁饱和电抗器可以采用发 明专利号为： 2010105840411 的 "一种磁饱和电抗器"提出的结构； 还可以是其它类型的磁 饱和电抗器。 采用不同的磁饱和电抗器， 其装置的性能各有特点， 以便应用于不同的场合。 各磁饱和电抗器如果选用发明专利号为： 2010105753926 的 "具有柔性开关特性的电流限制 装置及方法" 的磁饱和电抗器， 则所述三相电流限制装置可在几乎完全导通至正常励磁电流 两种状态之间变化。
可以在电流互感器二次线圈侧设置一个接地点， 使控制电路 15对大地的电位为零， 控制 电路更加安全。
可以通过改变各电流互感器一次线圈 L3与二次线圈 L4之间的变比， 来减小或增加各磁 饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2的匝数，使三相电流限制装置的参数指标设计更加灵活和方便；例如： 一次线圈 L3是二次线圈 L4的 2倍，流过各磁饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2的直流电流就增大 2倍， 直流线圈 L2的匝数减小一半即可获得同等磁通。 本发明的各磁饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2的匝 数可以小于电抗线圈 L1的匝数。
可以通过设计各电流互感器的饱和点， 使各电流互感器在短路电流时快速饱和， 自动减 小各磁饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2的电流， 在控制电路失去控制的情况下， 也能自动限制短路电 流， 并且保护了各晶闸管和各二极管。 例如： 设定输电回路二倍额定电流时为各电流互感器 饱和值， 这样， 各电流互感器一旦饱和， 各电流互感器二次线圈 L4电流很小， 各磁饱和电抗 器的直流线圈 L2中的直流电流下降到很小， 各磁饱和电抗器的电抗线圈 L1的电抗增大， 限 制短路电流， 使短路电流不大于二倍额定电流。
各磁饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2的电流由 、 B、 C三相提供， 供给各磁饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2的电流为八、 B、 C三相电流之和， 电力系统正常运行时， 供给各磁饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2 的电流比分相式电流限制装置大，三相电流限制装置所用各磁饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2匝数比 分相式电流限制装置的少。 当电力系统发生不对称短路， 特别是发生故障概率最大的单相接 地短路时， 只有故障相有短路电流， 非故障相为负荷电流， （与三相短路电流比较）减小了磁 饱和电抗器直流线圈的总电流， 在没有控制电路控制的情况下， 也能自动限制不对称短路的 短路电流， 该特点优于分相式电流限制装置。
当控制模块 15控制三对反向并联的晶闸管 D15、 晶闸管 D16晶闸管、 晶闸管 D17、 晶闸 管 D18、 晶闸管 D19、 晶闸管 D20处于截止状态。 各磁饱和电抗器铁芯处于饱和状态， 各磁饱 和电抗器线圈 L1对输电回路的阻抗有最小值。当控制模块 15控制三对反向并联的晶闸管 D15、 晶闸管 D16、 晶闸管 D17、 晶闸管 D18、 晶闸管 D19、 晶闸管 D20处于全导通状态。 各三相磁 饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2中的直流电流为零； 各磁饱和电抗器铁芯脱离饱和状态， 串联在输电 回路中的各磁饱和电抗器线圈 L1的电抗有最大值。 当控制模块 15控制三对反向并联的晶闸 管 D15、 晶闸管 D16、 晶闸管 D17、 晶闸管 D18、 晶闸管 D19、 晶闸管 D20从全截止状态逐步 加大导通角， 各磁饱和电抗器线圈 L1的电抗就从最小值连续变化到最大值。各三相电流限制 装置就变为连续磁控电抗器。
所述一种三相电流限制装置及方法的各部件可用现有技术设计制造， 完全可以实现。 有 广阔应用前景。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种三相电流限制装置， 其特征是， 它包括：
A相磁饱和电抗器、 B相磁饱和电抗器和 C相磁饱和电抗器； 各磁饱和电抗器分别有闭环 铁芯， 在各闭环铁芯上分别安装有各自的电抗线圈 Ll、 直流线圈 L2;
A相电流互感器、 B相电流互感器和 C相电流互感器； 各电流互感器分别有闭环铁芯， 在 各闭环铁芯上分别安装有各自的一次线圈 L3、 二次线圈 L4;
三对反向并联的晶闸管， 每对反向并联的晶闸管分别与三台电流互感器中相应的二次线 圈 L4并联；
三台磁饱和电抗器的三个电抗线圈 L1则分别与三台电流互感器中对应的一次线圈 L3串 联， 三个电抗线圈 L1余下的端子分别作为装置 A、 B、 C三相输入端子， 三个电流互感器一次 线圈 L3余下的端子分别作为装置 A、 B、 C三相输出端子；
三个三相桥式全桥整流电路，三只电流互感器二次线圈 L4分别作为该三相桥式全桥整流 电路输入， 三个三相桥式全桥整流电路的输出并联后与一只正向二极管 D13串联， 再与三台 磁饱和电抗器的直流线圈依次串连， 形成直流闭合电路；
一个控制电路， 其输出分别控制三对反向并联的晶闸管的导通或截断。
2.如权利要求 1所述的三相电流限制装置， 其特征是， 所述三个三相桥式全桥整流电路 是由 12只二极管组成， 其中二极管 Dl、 二极管 D2、 二极管 D3、 二极管 D4构成一个三相桥 式全桥整流电路； 二极管 D5、 二极管 D6、 二极管 D7、 二极管 D8构成一个三相桥式全桥整流 电路； 二极管 D9、 二极管 D10、 二极管 Dll、 二极管 D12构成一个三相桥式全桥整流电路； 所述三个三相桥式全桥整流电路输出端并联， 同时输出端还并联过电压保护器 II。
3.如权利要求 1所述的三相电流限制装置， 其特征是， 所述三台磁饱和电抗器的三个直 流线圈 L2串接后， 该串联电路两端还分别并联有串联的电阻 R1和电容 Cl， 并联有串联的电 阻 R2和二极管 D14, 还并联过电压保护器 I； 其中电阻 R1两端还并联一只二极管 D21 , 二极 管 D21的正极在直流回路的高电位， 负极在直流回路的低电位。
4.如权利要求 1所述的三相电流限制装置， 其特征是， 所述三台电流互感器的一次线圈 L3流过的电流大于设计值时， 电流互感器进入饱和状态；该设计值大于输电回路额定电流值。
5.—种采用权利要求 1所述的三相电流限制装置的工作方法， 其特征是， 它的过程为： 三相电流限制装置接到导通命令时，控制模块控制三对反向并联的晶闸管处于截止状态； 输入装置的三相交流电流分别经各相别的磁饱和电抗器的电抗线圈 L1 和电流互感器一次线 圈 L3流通； 各三相电流互感器二次线圈 L4流出的电流都流入三相桥式全桥整流电路， 三相 桥式全桥整流电路把三相交流电变为直流电流， 三相直流电流相加后流入串行连接的三个磁
权利要求书 饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2， 三个直流线圈 L2中的直流电流在铁芯产生的磁通大于电抗线圈中 交流电流所产生的磁通， 磁饱和电抗器铁芯深度饱和； 三个磁饱和电抗器的电抗线圈 L1对输 电回路的阻抗有最小值；
当三相电流限制装置接到限制电流命令时， 控制模块控制三对反向并联的晶闸管处于全 导通状态； 三个三相电流互感器二次线圈 L4的电流全部从反向并联的晶闸管流通， 不流入三 相桥式全桥整流电路，也不流入磁饱和电抗器直流线圈 L2;磁饱和电抗器铁芯脱离饱和状态， 串联在输电回路中的磁饱和电抗器线圈 L1的电抗有最大值。
6.—种权利要求 5所述的三相电流限制装置的工作方法， 其特征是， 所述三个电流互感 器设计有对应短路电流的电流互感器饱和点， 使三个电流互感器通过的短路电流大于该设计 值时快速饱和， 自动减小磁饱和电抗器直流线圈的电流， 在控制电路失去控制的情况下， 也 能自动限制短路电流。
7.—种权利要求 5所述的三相电流限制装置的工作方法， 其特征是， 所述三个磁饱和电 抗器直流线圈 L2的电流为 、 B、 C三相电流之和， 当电力系统发生不对称短路， 在没有控制 电路控制的情况下， 非故障相电流能自动减小磁饱和电抗器直流线圈的电流， 在控制电路失 去控制的情况下， 也能自动限制短路电流。
8.—种权利要求 5所述的三相电流限制装置的工作方法， 其特征是， 所述过电压保护器 I、 Π 的放电设计值为短路电流流过直流线圈时过电压保护器两端的最高电压值； 当流过三 相电流限制装置的短路电流大于该设计值时， 电压保护模块 I、 II放电， 自动减小磁饱和电 抗器直流线圈的电流， 在控制电路失去控制的情况下， 也能自动限制短路电流。
PCT/CN2011/001985 2011-01-06 2011-11-29 一种三相电流限制装置及方法 WO2012092698A1 (zh)

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