WO2012085450A1 - Method for controlling at least one inlet valve of a combustion engine operating on a four-stroke cycle - Google Patents

Method for controlling at least one inlet valve of a combustion engine operating on a four-stroke cycle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012085450A1
WO2012085450A1 PCT/FR2011/053096 FR2011053096W WO2012085450A1 WO 2012085450 A1 WO2012085450 A1 WO 2012085450A1 FR 2011053096 W FR2011053096 W FR 2011053096W WO 2012085450 A1 WO2012085450 A1 WO 2012085450A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
intake
pressure
combustion chamber
valve
intake manifold
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Application number
PCT/FR2011/053096
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Nicolas Gelez
Julien Hobraiche
Damien Fournigault
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Valeo Systemes De Controle Moteur
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Publication of WO2012085450A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012085450A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0273—Multiple actuations of a valve within an engine cycle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of controlling at least one intake valve connecting an intake manifold to a combustion chamber of a heat engine operating on a four-stroke cycle namely admission, compression, expansion and exhaust.
  • This type of engine is for example used for the propulsion of motor vehicles.
  • An internal combustion engine comprises at least one cylinder forming a combustion chamber slidably receiving a piston.
  • Each cylinder is equipped with at least one intake valve and at least one exhaust valve respectively connecting it to an intake manifold and an exhaust manifold, closing and opening the valves being classically function of cam profiles mounted on a camshaft which is rotated by the engine itself.
  • valves control the admission of air and possibly fuel as well as the exhaust of the flue gases following combustion of the air and fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the operation of the heat engine described above when it operates in partial load, the volume of the combustion chamber being on the abscissa and the pressure prevailing in the combustion chamber in the ordinate.
  • a compression phase (from point B to point C) during which the valves are closed and the piston rises from its low position to its high position by compressing the mixture of air and fuel which has been introduced into the chamber combustion during the previous phase;
  • FIG. 1 The pressure-volume diagram of FIG. 1 makes it possible to assess the efficiency of the heat engine, the total work produced by the piston during an operating cycle being proportional to the area of the upper loop symbolizing the positive work produced by the engine. piston (called high pressure loop) minus the area of the lower loop symbolizing the negative work produced by the piston (so-called low pressure loop).
  • Figure 1 clearly shows that the efficiency of such an engine is relatively poor.
  • the low-pressure loop of the engine is important. Indeed, the intake valve is open substantially during the entire intake phase so that the air-fuel mixture is introduced continuously into the combustion chamber.
  • a throttle valve of the engine is therefore set to control the filling of the combustion chamber, the partial or whole closure of the throttle valve causing a decreased pressure in the intake manifold.
  • the aspiration of the air-fuel mixture into the combustion chamber is less efficient.
  • Significant pumping losses are therefore generated which ultimately results in negative work produced by the piston.
  • the air-fuel mixture present in the combustion chamber has only a low turbulent kinetic energy. Therefore, the pressure in the combustion chamber increases little when the mixture ignites which limits the force exerted on the piston to make it down.
  • valve actuators such as an electromagnetic actuator.
  • the individual valve actuators allow the valves to be opened and closed independently of the other valves and independently of the rotation of the engine crankshaft.
  • the opening time of the intake valve during the intake phase is controlled without the need to play on the throttle valve.
  • the pressure in the intake manifold is kept constant and equal to the atmospheric pressure during the intake phase, the intake valve closing once the desired amount of mixing has been introduced into the combustion chamber.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the operation of the camless heat engine described above when it operates in partial load, the volume of the combustion chamber being on the abscissa and the pressure prevailing in the combustion chamber in the ordinate.
  • Figure 2 shows that controlling the time opening of the manifold pressure admission valve in the manifold equal to the atmospheric pressure, the low pressure loop reflecting the negative work produced by the piston is removed.
  • An object of the invention is to improve the efficiency of engines comprising a system for individual valve actuation.
  • the method comprises the step of opening the intake valve during a portion of the compression time during which the combustion chamber reigns a pressure lower than a pressure in the intake manifold.
  • a first quantity of air possibly supplemented with fuel (depending on whether the engine is direct injection or not) is introduced into the combustion chamber during the intake phase and a second amount of air possibly supplemented with fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber during the compression phase.
  • the pressure difference between the pressure in the intake manifold and the pressure in the combustion chamber promotes the suction of air into the chamber so that the second amount of air has a high turbulent kinetic energy.
  • This second quantity of air also increases the turbulent kinetic energy of the first quantity of air already present in the combustion chamber.
  • the air present in the combustion chamber at the end of the compression phase thus has a very high turbulent kinetic energy which promotes the rapid increase of pressure in the combustion chamber when the mixture ignites.
  • the positive work produced by the piston is increased.
  • a fuel consumption of the engine can be reduced for a given operating point.
  • Figures 1 and 2 are volume / pressure diagrams that have already been described in connection with the presentation of the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a volume / pressure diagram on which an operating curve of a camless heat engine has been carried out when it operates in partial load, the volume of the combustion chamber being on the abscissa and the pressure prevailing in the chamber of ordinate combustion, said engine for implementing the control method of the invention;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram symbolizing the opening and closing of one of the intake valves during a cycle of operation of the engine whose operating curve is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the method according to the invention is here detailed with reference to a heat engine of a car.
  • the heat engine is an internal combustion engine comprising an engine block which here comprises four cylinders forming combustion chambers each slidably receiving a piston. It goes without saying that the method of the invention is applicable to spark ignition engines or not, having a different number of cylinders.
  • the cylinders are connected to an air intake and fuel injection system, and to a flue gas exhaust system.
  • Each cylinder is here equipped with an intake valve and an exhaust valve connecting it to the intake and exhaust systems, and a fuel injector opening here in the intake duct upstream of the intake valve.
  • At least the intake valves are associated with electromagnetic actuators of valves, known in themselves, allowing individual actuation of the valves so that they can be opened or closed independently of the other valves. Since individual valve actuators are known from the prior art, they will not be described further here.
  • the operation of the engine is controlled by a control unit (or ECU of the English "Engine Control Unit") which determines engine control instructions (such as the amount of fuel injected and the flow of intake air) depending on the acceleration demand of the driver (depressing the accelerator pedal) and detected values of engine operating parameters.
  • the control unit generates, among other things, valve closing and opening instructions for the various valve actuators to optimize the filling of the four cylinders of the engine and thereby the work produced by the engine according to the acceleration request. .
  • the cylinder inlet valve is fully open a first time.
  • the control unit generates a closing instruction of said intake valve when the desired quantity of air has been sucked into the combustion chamber, the piston having not necessarily reached its low position.
  • a throttle valve of the engine it is not necessary to partially or completely close a throttle valve of the engine as in a thermal engine of the prior art to control the filling of the cylinder.
  • the pressure in the intake manifold is thus kept constant and substantially equal to the atmospheric pressure throughout the portion where the inlet valve is open which limits any losses by pumping.
  • the first phase of opening of the intake valve makes it possible to admit a first quantity of air-fuel mixture with limited turbulent kinetic energy, the pressure in the combustion chamber tending to equilibrate with the pressure prevailing in the collector. admission during the admission phase.
  • the piston When the intake valve closes, the piston continues to descend, causing a drop in pressure in the combustion chamber. At the end of the intake phase, the piston is in its low position and the pressure in the combustion chamber is lower than the pressure in the intake manifold.
  • the piston rises from its low position to its high position, thereby compressing the first quantity of mixture present in the combustion chamber, which again increases the pressure in said chamber.
  • the intake valve is opened a second time during part of this compression phase where the pressure in the combustion chamber remains lower than the pressure in the intake manifold.
  • the inlet valve is closed when the pressure in the combustion chamber is again substantially equal to the pressure in the intake manifold.
  • the inlet valve is opened fully as in the intake phase. Alternatively, it may open only slightly the intake valve.
  • the second opening phase of the intake valve makes it possible to admit a second quantity of air-fuel mixture.
  • the pressure in the combustion chamber is lower than the pressure in the manifold: the second amount of air-fuel mixture introduced into the combustion chamber has a very high turbulent kinetic energy.
  • This second quantity of mixture further increases the turbulent kinetic energy of the first quantity of mixture already present in the combustion chamber.
  • the intake valve when the pressure in the combustion chamber is again substantially equal to the pressure in the intake manifold, the intake valve is closed.
  • the entire mixture present in the combustion chamber at the closure of the valve thus has a very high turbulent kinetic energy. Once the intake valve closed, the piston continues its rise and compresses the entire mixture introduced into the combustion chamber.
  • Opening the intake valve during the compression phase thus increases the efficiency of the engine.
  • the second opening of the intake valve causes pumping losses. These losses are however less important than in a motor of the prior art as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the increase in positive work due to this same reopening of the intake valve more than compensates for said pumped losses so that that the efficiency of an engine implementing the method according to the invention is greater than that of a motor of the prior art.
  • the process is applied to a four-cylinder combustion engine with internal combustion and indirect injection, the method will be applicable to any type of heat engine of which at least one intake valve can be controlled independently of the other valves. It will thus be possible to apply the invention to a motor whose ignition is not caused by a spark plug, for example a non-controlled ignition engine such as a diesel engine.
  • Each cylinder of the engine may have more than one intake valve and more than one exhaust valve, the invention then being applicable to the control of all or part of the intake valves.
  • a cylinder of the engine has two intake valves
  • the invention is furthermore applicable to fuel injection engines directly in the cylinder.
  • the invention is applicable to any system allowing individual actuation of at least one intake valve.
  • the inlet valve is closed a second time when the pressure in the combustion chamber is again substantially equal to the pressure in the intake manifold, the inlet valve can be closed again when the pressure in the the combustion chamber is still lower than the pressure in the intake manifold.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for controlling at least one inlet valve connecting an inlet manifold to a combustion chamber of a combustion engine operating on a four-stroke cycle, the four strokes being intake, compression, power and exhaust. According to the invention, the method involves the step of opening the inlet valve during part of the compression stroke while the pressure in the combustion chamber is lower than a pressure in the inlet manifold.

Description

Procédé de commande d'au moins une soupape d'admission d'un moteur thermique fonctionnant selon un cycle à quatre temps  Method of controlling at least one intake valve of a heat engine operating in a four-stroke cycle
L'invention concerne un procédé de commande d'au moins une soupape d'admission reliant un collecteur d'admission à une chambre de combustion d'un moteur thermique fonctionnant selon un cycle à quatre temps à savoir admission, compression, détente et échappement. The invention relates to a method of controlling at least one intake valve connecting an intake manifold to a combustion chamber of a heat engine operating on a four-stroke cycle namely admission, compression, expansion and exhaust.
Ce type de moteur thermique est par exemple utilisable pour la propulsion de véhicules automobiles.  This type of engine is for example used for the propulsion of motor vehicles.
ARRIERE PLAN TECHNOLOGIQUE DE L'INVENTION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Un moteur thermique à combustion interne comporte au moins un cylindre formant une chambre de combustion recevant à coulissement un piston. Chaque cylindre est équipé d'au moins une soupape d'admission et d'au moins une soupape d'échappement le reliant respectivement à un collecteur d'admission et à un collecteur d'échappement, la fermeture et l'ouverture des soupapes étant classiquement fonction de profils de cames montées sur un arbre à cames qui est entraîné en rotation par le moteur lui-même. An internal combustion engine comprises at least one cylinder forming a combustion chamber slidably receiving a piston. Each cylinder is equipped with at least one intake valve and at least one exhaust valve respectively connecting it to an intake manifold and an exhaust manifold, closing and opening the valves being classically function of cam profiles mounted on a camshaft which is rotated by the engine itself.
Dans un moteur thermique à combustion interne fonctionnant selon un cycle à quatre temps, pour chaque cylindre, les soupapes contrôlent l'admission d'air et éventuellement de carburant ainsi que l'échappement des gaz brûlés suite à une combustion du mélange air et carburant dans la chambre de combustion.  In an internal combustion engine operating on a four-stroke cycle, for each cylinder, the valves control the admission of air and possibly fuel as well as the exhaust of the flue gases following combustion of the air and fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.
La figure 1 est un diagramme traduisant le fonctionnement du moteur thermique décrit ci-dessus lorsqu'il fonctionne en charge partielle, le volume de la chambre de combustion étant en abscisse et la pression régnant dans la chambre de combustion en ordonné.  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the operation of the heat engine described above when it operates in partial load, the volume of the combustion chamber being on the abscissa and the pressure prevailing in the combustion chamber in the ordinate.
Au cours du cycle à quatre temps se succèdent :  During the four-stroke cycle, one succeeds:
- une phase d'admission (du point A au point B) au cours de laquelle la soupape d'admission est maintenue ouverte pendant sensiblement toute la durée de la descente du piston ; - an intake phase (from point A to point B) during which the intake valve is maintained open for substantially the entire duration of the descent of the piston;
- une phase de compression (du point B au point C) au cours de laquelle Les soupapes sont fermées et le piston monte de sa position basse à sa position haute en compressant le mélange d'air et de carburant qui a été introduit dans la chambre de combustion lors de la phase précédente ;  a compression phase (from point B to point C) during which the valves are closed and the piston rises from its low position to its high position by compressing the mixture of air and fuel which has been introduced into the chamber combustion during the previous phase;
- une phase de détente (du point C au point D) qui suit l'inflammation du mélange et au cours de laquelle le piston redescend sous l'effet de l'augmentation de pression résultant de la combustion du mélange ; c'est le temps moteur du cycle ;  an expansion phase (from point C to point D) following the ignition of the mixture and during which the piston descends under the effect of the increase in pressure resulting from the combustion of the mixture; it is the driving time of the cycle;
- une phase d'échappement (du point D au point A) au cours de laquelle le piston remonte alors que la soupape d'échappement est maintenue ouverte pour évacuer les gaz brûlés .  an exhaust phase (from point D to point A) during which the piston rises while the exhaust valve is kept open to evacuate the flue gases.
Le diagramme pression-volume de la figure 1 permet d'apprécier le rendement du moteur thermique, le travail total produit par le piston lors d'un cycle de fonctionnement étant proportionnel à l'aire de la boucle supérieure symbolisant le travail positif produit par le piston (dite boucle haute pression) moins l'aire de la boucle inférieure symbolisant le travail négatif produit par le piston (dite boucle basse pression) . La figure 1 montre ainsi clairement que le rendement d'un tel moteur est relativement médiocre.  The pressure-volume diagram of FIG. 1 makes it possible to assess the efficiency of the heat engine, the total work produced by the piston during an operating cycle being proportional to the area of the upper loop symbolizing the positive work produced by the engine. piston (called high pressure loop) minus the area of the lower loop symbolizing the negative work produced by the piston (so-called low pressure loop). Figure 1 clearly shows that the efficiency of such an engine is relatively poor.
Premièrement, la boucle basse pression du moteur thermique est importante. En effet, la soupape d'admission est ouverte sensiblement pendant toute la phase d'admission de sorte que du mélange air-carburant est introduit en continu dans la chambre de combustion. Un papillon des gaz du moteur thermique est donc réglé pour pouvoir contrôler le remplissage de la chambre de combustion, la fermeture partielle ou entière du papillon des gaz provoquant une diminution de la pression dans le collecteur d'admission. De par la diminution de la pression dans le collecteur d'admission, l'aspiration du mélange air-carburant dans la chambre de combustion est moins efficace. Des pertes par pompage importantes sont donc engendrées ce qui se traduit au final par un travail négatif produit par le piston. First, the low-pressure loop of the engine is important. Indeed, the intake valve is open substantially during the entire intake phase so that the air-fuel mixture is introduced continuously into the combustion chamber. A throttle valve of the engine is therefore set to control the filling of the combustion chamber, the partial or whole closure of the throttle valve causing a decreased pressure in the intake manifold. By reducing the pressure in the intake manifold, the aspiration of the air-fuel mixture into the combustion chamber is less efficient. Significant pumping losses are therefore generated which ultimately results in negative work produced by the piston.
Deuxièmement, le mélange air-carburant présent dans la chambre de combustion n'a qu'une faible énergie cinétique turbulente. Dès lors, la pression dans la chambre de combustion augmente peu lorsque le mélange s'enflamme ce qui limite la force exercée sur le piston pour le faire redescendre .  Secondly, the air-fuel mixture present in the combustion chamber has only a low turbulent kinetic energy. Therefore, the pressure in the combustion chamber increases little when the mixture ignites which limits the force exerted on the piston to make it down.
Pour améliorer le rendement du moteur, il est connu de ne plus actionner les soupapes à l'aide de cames et d'un arbre à cames mais d'associer à chaque soupape un actionneur individuel de soupape (comme un actionneur électromagnétique) . Les actionneurs individuels de soupape permettent d' ouvrir et de fermer les soupapes indépendamment des autres soupapes et indépendamment de la rotation du vilebrequin du moteur.  To improve the efficiency of the engine, it is known not to actuate the valves using cams and a camshaft but to associate each valve with an individual valve actuator (such as an electromagnetic actuator). The individual valve actuators allow the valves to be opened and closed independently of the other valves and independently of the rotation of the engine crankshaft.
Il est ainsi possible de maîtriser le temps d'ouverture de la soupape d'admission lors de la phase d'admission. Le remplissage du cylindre est donc contrôlé sans qu'il soit nécessaire de jouer sur le papillon des gaz. La pression dans le collecteur d'admission est maintenue constante et égale à la pression atmosphérique durant la phase d'admission, la soupape d'admission se fermant une fois la quantité souhaitée de mélange introduite dans la chambre de combustion.  It is thus possible to control the opening time of the intake valve during the intake phase. The filling of the cylinder is controlled without the need to play on the throttle valve. The pressure in the intake manifold is kept constant and equal to the atmospheric pressure during the intake phase, the intake valve closing once the desired amount of mixing has been introduced into the combustion chamber.
La figure 2 est un diagramme traduisant le fonctionnement du moteur thermique sans came décrit ci- dessus lorsqu'il fonctionne en charge partielle, le volume de la chambre de combustion étant en abscisse et la pression régnant dans la chambre de combustion en ordonné. La figure 2 montre bien qu'en contrôlant le temps d'ouverture de la soupape d'admission à pression dans le collecteur égale à la pression atmosphérique, la boucle basse pression traduisant le travail négatif produit par le piston est supprimée. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the operation of the camless heat engine described above when it operates in partial load, the volume of the combustion chamber being on the abscissa and the pressure prevailing in the combustion chamber in the ordinate. Figure 2 shows that controlling the time opening of the manifold pressure admission valve in the manifold equal to the atmospheric pressure, the low pressure loop reflecting the negative work produced by the piston is removed.
De façon avantageuse quel que soit le point de fonctionnement du moteur, il est possible de contrôler le temps d'ouverture de la soupape d'admission pour toujours introduire la quantité voulue de mélange air-carburant dans la chambre de combustion à pression dans le collecteur d'admission égale à la pression atmosphérique.  Advantageously, whatever the operating point of the engine, it is possible to control the opening time of the intake valve to always introduce the desired amount of air-fuel mixture into the pressure combustion chamber in the collector intake equal to atmospheric pressure.
Toutefois, la fermeture précoce de la soupape d'admission durant la phase d'admission s'accompagne d'une limitation de l'énergie cinétique turbulente du mélange introduit dans la chambre de combustion. Ainsi, même si le rendement du moteur sans came est meilleur par la suppression des pertes par pompage, il s'avère encore faible .  However, the early closure of the intake valve during the intake phase is accompanied by a limitation of the turbulent kinetic energy of the mixture introduced into the combustion chamber. Thus, even if the efficiency of the camless motor is better by eliminating pump losses, it is still low.
OBJET DE L'INVENTION  OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
Un but de l'invention est d'améliorer le rendement des moteurs comprenant un système permettant un actionnement individuel de soupape.  An object of the invention is to improve the efficiency of engines comprising a system for individual valve actuation.
BREVE DESCRIPTION DE L'INVENTION En vue de la réalisation de ce but, on propose un procédé de commande d'au moins une soupape d'admission reliant un collecteur d'admission à une chambre de combustion d'un moteur thermique fonctionnant selon un cycle à quatre temps à savoir admission, compression, détente et échappement.  BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION With a view to achieving this object, there is provided a method of controlling at least one intake valve connecting an intake manifold to a combustion chamber of a heat engine operating in a cycle. four-stroke namely admission, compression, expansion and exhaust.
Selon l'invention, le procédé comporte l'étape d'ouvrir la soupape d'admission durant une partie du temps de compression pendant laquelle dans la chambre de combustion règne une pression inférieure à une pression dans le collecteur d'admission.  According to the invention, the method comprises the step of opening the intake valve during a portion of the compression time during which the combustion chamber reigns a pressure lower than a pressure in the intake manifold.
Ainsi, une première quantité d'air éventuellement additionné de carburant (selon que le moteur est à injection directe ou pas) est introduite dans la chambre de combustion durant la phase d'admission et une deuxième quantité d'air éventuellement additionné de carburant est introduite dans la chambre de combustion durant la phase de compression. Or, la différence de pression entre la pression dans le collecteur d'admission et la pression dans la chambre de combustion favorise l'aspiration d'air dans la chambre de sorte que la deuxième quantité d' air a une forte énergie cinétique turbulente. Cette deuxième quantité d'air augmente en outre l'énergie cinétique turbulente de la première quantité d'air déjà présente dans la chambre de combustion. L'air présent dans la chambre de combustion à la fin de la phase de compression présente donc une très haute énergie cinétique turbulente qui favorise l'augmentation rapide de pression dans la chambre de combustion lorsque le mélange s'enflamme. Le travail positif produit par le piston s'en trouve augmenté. Thus, a first quantity of air possibly supplemented with fuel (depending on whether the engine is direct injection or not) is introduced into the combustion chamber during the intake phase and a second amount of air possibly supplemented with fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber during the compression phase. However, the pressure difference between the pressure in the intake manifold and the pressure in the combustion chamber promotes the suction of air into the chamber so that the second amount of air has a high turbulent kinetic energy. This second quantity of air also increases the turbulent kinetic energy of the first quantity of air already present in the combustion chamber. The air present in the combustion chamber at the end of the compression phase thus has a very high turbulent kinetic energy which promotes the rapid increase of pressure in the combustion chamber when the mixture ignites. The positive work produced by the piston is increased.
De façon avantageuse, par ce procédé, on peut diminuer une consommation en carburant du moteur thermique pour un point de fonctionnement donné.  Advantageously, by this method, a fuel consumption of the engine can be reduced for a given operating point.
BREVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINS  BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
L' invention sera mieux comprise à la lumière de la description qui suit d'un mode de mise en œuvre particulier non limitatif de l'invention.  The invention will be better understood in the light of the following description of a particular non-limiting embodiment of the invention.
II sera fait référence aux figures ci-jointes, parmi lesquelles :  Reference will be made to the attached figures, among which:
les figures 1 et 2 sont des diagrammes volume/pression qui ont déjà été décrits en relation avec la présentation de l'art antérieur ;  Figures 1 and 2 are volume / pressure diagrams that have already been described in connection with the presentation of the prior art;
- la figure 3 est un diagramme volume/pression sur lequel a été porté une courbe de fonctionnement d'un moteur thermique sans came (dit « camless ») lorsqu' il fonctionne en charge partielle, le volume de la chambre de combustion étant en abscisse et la pression régnant dans la chambre de combustion en ordonnée, ledit moteur permettant de mettre en application le procédé de commande de l'invention ; FIG. 3 is a volume / pressure diagram on which an operating curve of a camless heat engine has been carried out when it operates in partial load, the volume of the combustion chamber being on the abscissa and the pressure prevailing in the chamber of ordinate combustion, said engine for implementing the control method of the invention;
la figure 4 est un schéma symbolisant l'ouverture et la fermeture d'une des soupapes d'admission durant un cycle de fonctionnement du moteur dont la courbe de fonctionnement est représentée sur la figure 3.  FIG. 4 is a diagram symbolizing the opening and closing of one of the intake valves during a cycle of operation of the engine whose operating curve is shown in FIG. 3.
DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTION Le procédé selon l'invention est ici détaillé en référence à un moteur thermique d'une voiture. Le moteur thermique est un moteur à combustion interne comportant un bloc moteur qui comporte ici quatre cylindres formant des chambres de combustion recevant chacun à coulissement un piston. Il va de soi que le procédé de l'invention est applicable à des moteurs à allumage commandé ou non, ayant un nombre différent de cylindres.  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The method according to the invention is here detailed with reference to a heat engine of a car. The heat engine is an internal combustion engine comprising an engine block which here comprises four cylinders forming combustion chambers each slidably receiving a piston. It goes without saying that the method of the invention is applicable to spark ignition engines or not, having a different number of cylinders.
Les cylindres sont reliés à un système d'admission d'air et d'injection de carburant, et à un système d'échappement des gaz brûlés. Chaque cylindre est ici équipé d'une soupape d'admission et d'une soupape d'échappement le reliant aux systèmes d'admission et d'échappement, et d'un injecteur de carburant débouchant ici dans le conduit d'admission en amont de la soupape d'admission. Au moins les soupapes d'admission sont associées à des actionneurs électromagnétiques de soupapes, connus en eux-mêmes, permettant un actionnement individuel des soupapes de sorte qu'elles peuvent être ouvertes ou fermées indépendamment des autres soupapes. Les dispositifs individuels d' actionnement de soupape étant connus de l'art antérieur, ils ne seront pas décrits plus en détail ici.  The cylinders are connected to an air intake and fuel injection system, and to a flue gas exhaust system. Each cylinder is here equipped with an intake valve and an exhaust valve connecting it to the intake and exhaust systems, and a fuel injector opening here in the intake duct upstream of the intake valve. At least the intake valves are associated with electromagnetic actuators of valves, known in themselves, allowing individual actuation of the valves so that they can be opened or closed independently of the other valves. Since individual valve actuators are known from the prior art, they will not be described further here.
Le fonctionnement du moteur thermique est commandé par une unité de commande (ou ECU de l'anglais « Engine Control Unit ») qui détermine des instructions de commande du moteur (comme la quantité de carburant injecté et le débit d'air d'admission) en fonction de la demande d'accélération du conducteur (enfoncement de la pédale d'accélération) et des valeurs détectées de paramètres de fonctionnement du moteur. L'unité de commande génère entre autres des consignes de fermeture et d'ouverture de soupapes à destination des différents actionneurs de soupapes pour optimiser le remplissage des quatre cylindres du moteur thermique et par là le travail produit par le moteur selon la demande d'accélération. The operation of the engine is controlled by a control unit (or ECU of the English "Engine Control Unit") which determines engine control instructions (such as the amount of fuel injected and the flow of intake air) depending on the acceleration demand of the driver (depressing the accelerator pedal) and detected values of engine operating parameters. The control unit generates, among other things, valve closing and opening instructions for the various valve actuators to optimize the filling of the four cylinders of the engine and thereby the work produced by the engine according to the acceleration request. .
Un cycle de fonctionnement va être à présent décrit pour un des cylindres.  An operating cycle will now be described for one of the cylinders.
En référence aux figures 3 et 4, durant la phase d'admission, la soupape d'admission du cylindre est ouverte entièrement une première fois. L'unité de commande génère une consigne de fermeture de ladite soupape d'admission quand la quantité souhaitée d'air a été aspirée dans la chambre de combustion, le piston n'ayant pas nécessairement atteint sa position basse. Ainsi, par une fermeture précoce de la soupape d'admission, il n'est pas nécessaire de fermer partiellement ou entièrement un papillon des gaz du moteur thermique comme dans un moteur thermique de l'art antérieur pour contrôler le remplissage du cylindre. La pression dans le collecteur d'admission est donc maintenue constante et sensiblement égale à la pression atmosphérique durant toute la partie où la soupape d' admission est ouverte ce qui limite d'éventuelles pertes par pompage.  Referring to Figures 3 and 4, during the intake phase, the cylinder inlet valve is fully open a first time. The control unit generates a closing instruction of said intake valve when the desired quantity of air has been sucked into the combustion chamber, the piston having not necessarily reached its low position. Thus, by early closing of the intake valve, it is not necessary to partially or completely close a throttle valve of the engine as in a thermal engine of the prior art to control the filling of the cylinder. The pressure in the intake manifold is thus kept constant and substantially equal to the atmospheric pressure throughout the portion where the inlet valve is open which limits any losses by pumping.
La première phase d'ouverture de la soupape d'admission permet d'admettre une première quantité de mélange air-carburant à énergie cinétique turbulente limitée, la pression dans la chambre de combustion tendant à s'équilibrer avec la pression régnant dans le collecteur d'admission durant la phase d'admission.  The first phase of opening of the intake valve makes it possible to admit a first quantity of air-fuel mixture with limited turbulent kinetic energy, the pressure in the combustion chamber tending to equilibrate with the pressure prevailing in the collector. admission during the admission phase.
A la fermeture de la soupape d'admission, le piston continue de descendre ce qui provoque une baisse de pression dans la chambre de combustion. A la fin de la phase d'admission, le piston est dans sa position basse et la pression dans la chambre de combustion est inférieure à la pression dans le collecteur d'admission. When the intake valve closes, the piston continues to descend, causing a drop in pressure in the combustion chamber. At the end of the intake phase, the piston is in its low position and the pressure in the combustion chamber is lower than the pressure in the intake manifold.
Durant la phase de compression, le piston monte de sa position basse à sa position haute comprimant ainsi la première quantité de mélange présente dans la chambre de combustion ce qui augmente de nouveau la pression dans ladite chambre. Selon l'invention, la soupape d'admission est ouverte une deuxième fois durant une partie de cette phase de compression où la pression dans la chambre de combustion demeure inférieure à la pression dans le collecteur d'admission. De préférence, la soupape d'admission est refermée lorsque la pression dans la chambre de combustion est de nouveau sensiblement égale à la pression dans le collecteur d'admission.  During the compression phase, the piston rises from its low position to its high position, thereby compressing the first quantity of mixture present in the combustion chamber, which again increases the pressure in said chamber. According to the invention, the intake valve is opened a second time during part of this compression phase where the pressure in the combustion chamber remains lower than the pressure in the intake manifold. Preferably, the inlet valve is closed when the pressure in the combustion chamber is again substantially equal to the pressure in the intake manifold.
Ici, la soupape d'admission est ouverte entièrement comme dans la phase d'admission. Alternativement, on pourra n'ouvrir que faiblement la soupape d'admission.  Here, the inlet valve is opened fully as in the intake phase. Alternatively, it may open only slightly the intake valve.
La deuxième phase d' ouverture de la soupape d'admission permet d'admettre une deuxième quantité de mélange air-carburant. Cette fois, la pression dans la chambre de combustion est inférieure à la pression dans le collecteur : la deuxième quantité de mélange air-carburant introduite dans la chambre de combustion a donc une très haute énergie cinétique turbulente. Cette deuxième quantité de mélange augmente en outre l'énergie cinétique turbulente de la première quantité de mélange déjà présente dans la chambre de combustion.  The second opening phase of the intake valve makes it possible to admit a second quantity of air-fuel mixture. This time, the pressure in the combustion chamber is lower than the pressure in the manifold: the second amount of air-fuel mixture introduced into the combustion chamber has a very high turbulent kinetic energy. This second quantity of mixture further increases the turbulent kinetic energy of the first quantity of mixture already present in the combustion chamber.
Selon un mode de réalisation privilégié, lorsque la pression dans la chambre de combustion est de nouveau sensiblement égale à la pression dans le collecteur d'admission, la soupape d'admission est refermée.  According to a preferred embodiment, when the pressure in the combustion chamber is again substantially equal to the pressure in the intake manifold, the intake valve is closed.
L'ensemble du mélange présent dans la chambre de combustion à la fermeture de la soupape présente donc une très haute énergie cinétique turbulente. Une fois la soupape d'admission refermée, le piston continue sa montée et compresse l'ensemble du mélange introduit dans la chambre de combustion. The entire mixture present in the combustion chamber at the closure of the valve thus has a very high turbulent kinetic energy. Once the intake valve closed, the piston continues its rise and compresses the entire mixture introduced into the combustion chamber.
L'ensemble du mélange présent dans la chambre de combustion à la fin de la phase de compression a conservé sa haute énergie cinétique turbulente.  The entire mixture present in the combustion chamber at the end of the compression phase retained its high turbulent kinetic energy.
Lorsque le piston atteint sensiblement sa position haute, une étincelle est provoquée dans la chambre de combustion par une bougie d'allumage mettant le feu au mélange air-carburant. Du fait de sa haute énergie cinétique turbulente, la combustion du mélange entraîne une augmentation importante et rapide de la pression dans la chambre de combustion. Un travail positif plus important sera ainsi produit par le piston.  When the piston reaches substantially its high position, a spark is caused in the combustion chamber by a spark plug igniting the air-fuel mixture. Due to its high turbulent kinetic energy, the combustion of the mixture causes a large and rapid increase in the pressure in the combustion chamber. More positive work will be produced by the piston.
L'ouverture de la soupape d'admission durant la phase de compression permet ainsi d'augmenter le rendement du moteur .  Opening the intake valve during the compression phase thus increases the efficiency of the engine.
Il est à noter que la deuxième ouverture de la soupape d'admission entraîne des pertes par pompage. Ces pertes sont toutefois moins importantes que dans un moteur de l'art antérieur comme le montre la figure 1. En outre, l'augmentation du travail positif due à cette même réouverture de la soupape d'admission compense largement lesdites pertes par pompage de sorte que le rendement d'un moteur mettant en œuvre le procédé selon l'invention est plus important que celui d'un moteur de l'art antérieur.  It should be noted that the second opening of the intake valve causes pumping losses. These losses are however less important than in a motor of the prior art as shown in FIG. 1. In addition, the increase in positive work due to this same reopening of the intake valve more than compensates for said pumped losses so that that the efficiency of an engine implementing the method according to the invention is greater than that of a motor of the prior art.
Bien entendu l'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de mise en œuvre décrit et on peut y apporter des variantes de réalisation sans sortir du cadre de l'invention tel que défini par les revendications.  Naturally, the invention is not limited to the mode of implementation described and variations can be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
Bien qu' ici le procédé soit appliqué à un moteur thermique à quatre cylindres à combustion interne et injection indirecte, le procédé sera applicable à tout type de moteur thermique dont au moins une soupape d'admission peut être commandée indépendamment des autres soupapes. On pourra ainsi appliquer l'invention à un moteur dont l'allumage n'est pas provoqué par une bougie d'allumage comme par exemple un moteur à allumage non commandé tel qu'un moteur diesel. Although here the process is applied to a four-cylinder combustion engine with internal combustion and indirect injection, the method will be applicable to any type of heat engine of which at least one intake valve can be controlled independently of the other valves. It will thus be possible to apply the invention to a motor whose ignition is not caused by a spark plug, for example a non-controlled ignition engine such as a diesel engine.
Chaque cylindre du moteur thermique pourra comporter plus d'une soupape d'admission et plus d'une soupape d'échappement, l'invention étant alors applicable à la commande de tout ou partie des soupapes d'admission.  Each cylinder of the engine may have more than one intake valve and more than one exhaust valve, the invention then being applicable to the control of all or part of the intake valves.
Par exemple, si un cylindre du moteur thermique comporte deux soupapes d'admission, on pourra ouvrir une même soupape d'admission pendant les deux phases d'ouverture pour l'introduction du mélange air-carburant dans la chambre de combustion. On pourra aussi ouvrir une première soupape d'admission pendant la première phase d'ouverture et une deuxième soupape d'admission pendant la deuxième phase d'ouverture. On pourra également envisager d'ouvrir les deux soupapes d'admission de façon simultanée pour l'une des phases d'ouverture et d'ouvrir seulement l'une ou l'autre des deux soupapes d'admission pour l'autre phase d'ouverture. On pourra également envisager que les deux soupapes d'admission soient ouvertes simultanément pour les deux phases d'ouverture. Les durées d'ouverture des soupapes peuvent également être différentes.  For example, if a cylinder of the engine has two intake valves, one can open a same intake valve during the two opening phases for the introduction of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. It will also be possible to open a first intake valve during the first opening phase and a second intake valve during the second opening phase. It will also be possible to open the two intake valves simultaneously for one of the opening phases and to open only one or the other of the two intake valves for the other phase of operation. opening. It can also be envisaged that the two intake valves are open simultaneously for the two opening phases. The opening times of the valves may also be different.
L' invention est en outre applicable aux moteurs à injection de carburant directement dans le cylindre.  The invention is furthermore applicable to fuel injection engines directly in the cylinder.
L' invention est applicable à tout système permettant un actionnement individuel d' au moins une soupape d' admission .  The invention is applicable to any system allowing individual actuation of at least one intake valve.
Bien qu'ici, la soupape d'admission soit refermée une deuxième fois lorsque la pression dans la chambre de combustion est de nouveau sensiblement égale à la pression dans le collecteur d'admission, la soupape d'admission pourra être refermée lorsque la pression dans la chambre de combustion est encore inférieure à la pression dans le collecteur d'admission.  Although here, the inlet valve is closed a second time when the pressure in the combustion chamber is again substantially equal to the pressure in the intake manifold, the inlet valve can be closed again when the pressure in the the combustion chamber is still lower than the pressure in the intake manifold.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de commande d'au moins une soupape d'admission reliant un collecteur d'admission à une chambre de combustion d'un moteur thermique fonctionnant selon un cycle à quatre temps à savoir admission, compression, détente et échappement, le procédé étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte l'étape d'ouvrir la soupape d'admission durant une partie du temps de compression pendant laquelle dans la chambre de combustion règne une pression inférieure à une pression dans le collecteur d'admission. A method of controlling at least one intake valve connecting an intake manifold to a combustion chamber of a heat engine operating in a four-stroke cycle namely admission, compression, expansion and exhaust, the method being characterized in that it comprises the step of opening the intake valve during a portion of the compression time during which in the combustion chamber reigns a pressure lower than a pressure in the intake manifold.
2. Procédé de commande selon la revendication 1, comportant l'étape de fermer la soupape d'admission lorsque la pression dans la chambre de combustion est sensiblement égale à la pression dans le collecteur d'admission.  2. Control method according to claim 1, including the step of closing the inlet valve when the pressure in the combustion chamber is substantially equal to the pressure in the intake manifold.
3. Procédé de commande selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la soupape d'admission est entièrement ouverte.  3. Control method according to claim 1, wherein the inlet valve is fully open.
4. Procédé de commande selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la soupape d'admission n'est que faiblement ouverte .  4. Control method according to claim 1, wherein the intake valve is only slightly open.
5. Procédé de commande selon la revendication 1, comportant en outre l'étape d'ouvrir la soupape d'admission pendant une partie du temps d'admission lorsque la pression dans le collecteur d'admission est constante et sensiblement égale à la pression atmosphérique.  5. Control method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of opening the intake valve during a part of the admission time when the pressure in the intake manifold is constant and substantially equal to the atmospheric pressure. .
6. Procédé de commande selon la revendication 5, appliqué à la commande de deux soupapes d'admission reliant le collecteur d'admission à la chambre de combustion, le procédé comportant en outre l'étape d'ouvrir simultanément à la première soupape d'admission, la deuxième soupape d'admission durant une partie du temps de compression pendant laquelle dans la chambre de combustion règne une pression inférieure à une pression dans le collecteur d'admission. 6. A control method according to claim 5, applied to the control of two intake valves connecting the intake manifold to the combustion chamber, the method further comprising the step of simultaneously opening the first valve of intake, the second intake valve during a portion of the compression time during which in the combustion chamber reigns a pressure lower than a pressure in the intake manifold.
7. Procédé de commande selon la revendication 5, appliqué à la commande de deux soupapes d'admission reliant le collecteur d'admission à la chambre de combustion, le procédé comportant en outre l'étape d'ouvrir simultanément à la première soupape d'admission, la deuxième soupape d'admission pendant une partie du temps d'admission lorsque la pression dans le collecteur d'admission est constante et sensiblement égale à la pression atmosphérique. 7. A control method according to claim 5, applied to the control of two intake valves connecting the intake manifold to the combustion chamber, the method further comprising the step of simultaneously opening at the first valve of intake, the second intake valve during a portion of the admission time when the pressure in the intake manifold is constant and substantially equal to atmospheric pressure.
8. Procédé de commande selon la revendication 1, appliqué à la commande de deux soupapes d'admission reliant le collecteur d'admission à la chambre de combustion, le procédé comportant en outre l'étape d'ouvrir la deuxième soupape d'admission pendant une partie du temps d'admission lorsque la pression dans le collecteur d'admission est constante et sensiblement égale à la pression atmosphérique .  8. Control method according to claim 1, applied to the control of two intake valves connecting the intake manifold to the combustion chamber, the method further comprising the step of opening the second intake valve during a part of the admission time when the pressure in the intake manifold is constant and substantially equal to the atmospheric pressure.
PCT/FR2011/053096 2010-12-22 2011-12-20 Method for controlling at least one inlet valve of a combustion engine operating on a four-stroke cycle WO2012085450A1 (en)

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FR1061101A FR2972219B1 (en) 2010-12-22 2010-12-22 METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AT LEAST ONE INTAKE VALVE OF A THERMAL MOTOR OPERATING ACCORDING TO A FOUR-STROKE CYCLE.
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WO2020043445A1 (en) 2018-08-30 2020-03-05 IFP Energies Nouvelles Method for controlling a dual-intake internal combustion engine

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