WO2012083682A1 - 光信号复用的方法和光复用器 - Google Patents

光信号复用的方法和光复用器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012083682A1
WO2012083682A1 PCT/CN2011/077161 CN2011077161W WO2012083682A1 WO 2012083682 A1 WO2012083682 A1 WO 2012083682A1 CN 2011077161 W CN2011077161 W CN 2011077161W WO 2012083682 A1 WO2012083682 A1 WO 2012083682A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical signal
optical
polarization
combiner
polarization state
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/077161
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
宋小鹿
蒋文斌
邓琪
曾理
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to CN201180001705XA priority Critical patent/CN102301739B/zh
Priority to EP16170071.1A priority patent/EP3121979B1/en
Priority to ES16170071T priority patent/ES2706950T3/es
Priority to EP11851916.4A priority patent/EP2696525B1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2011/077161 priority patent/WO2012083682A1/zh
Priority to JP2014515032A priority patent/JP5623675B2/ja
Publication of WO2012083682A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012083682A1/zh
Priority to US14/154,362 priority patent/US9294217B2/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04JMULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/06Polarisation multiplex systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
    • G02B27/283Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/27Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
    • G02B6/2706Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means as bulk elements, i.e. free space arrangements external to a light guide, e.g. polarising beam splitters
    • G02B6/2713Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means as bulk elements, i.e. free space arrangements external to a light guide, e.g. polarising beam splitters cascade of polarisation selective or adjusting operations
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/27Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
    • G02B6/2753Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means characterised by their function or use, i.e. of the complete device
    • G02B6/2773Polarisation splitting or combining

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a method for multiplexing optical signals and an optical multiplexer.
  • the optical layer MUX/DEMUX device can select a design scheme based on TFF (Thin Film Filter) or PLC (Planar Lightwave Circuit).
  • One of the existing MUX device design schemes is based on Zig-Zag TFF.
  • the light outputted by the multi-channel laser is collimated by the lens, and then folded back and combined by the filter and the mirror.
  • the optical fiber, the optical multiplexer composed of the filter array and the mirror, is an optical layer MUX.
  • MUX device design in the prior art, which is a PLC-based optical layer MUX device.
  • Fig. 1B the light output by the laser is coupled into a single mode fiber through a combination of a PLC array based waveguide grating.
  • the larger size of the optical layer MUX device shown in FIG. 1A is disadvantageous for integration, and the lasers of different channels in the optical layer MUX device experience different numbers of reflections and different optical path lengths, resulting in lasers outputted by different channels.
  • the difference between the input optical power and the light field energy distribution is large.
  • the coupling between the laser and the laser has a large insertion loss, and the MUX device and There is also a large insertion loss between the fibers.
  • the present invention provides a A method of multiplexing optical signals and a design scheme of an optical multiplexer.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an optical multiplexer for multiplexing at least four optical signals into one optical signal, including: a first polarization state adjusting component, a second polarization state adjusting component, a first optical path changing component, and a second Optical path changing element, polarization combiner and combiner;
  • the first polarization state adjusting component is configured to adjust a polarization state of the first optical signal before the first optical signal of the at least four optical signals is input to the polarization combiner, so that The first optical signal and the third optical signal of the at least four optical signals can be combined into one optical signal in the polarization combiner;
  • the second polarization state adjusting component is configured to adjust a polarization state of the second optical signal before the second optical signal of the at least four optical signals is input to the polarization combiner, so that The second optical signal and the fourth optical signal of the at least four optical signals can be combined into one optical signal in the polarization combiner;
  • the first optical path changing component is configured to change a propagation direction of the third optical signal and the fourth optical signal to be input into the polarization combiner;
  • the polarization combiner is configured to combine the received first optical signal and the third optical signal to obtain a fifth optical signal; and is further configured to receive the second optical signal and The fourth optical signal is combined to obtain a sixth optical signal;
  • the second optical path changing component is configured to change a propagation direction of any one of the fifth optical signal and the sixth optical signal output by the polarization combiner to be combined with another optical path After being input to the combiner, the signals can be combined into one optical signal by the combiner;
  • a combiner for combining the fifth optical signal and the sixth optical signal received by the optical combiner into one optical signal.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides an optical multiplexer for multiplexing at least four optical signals into one optical signal, including: a first polarization state adjusting component, a second polarization state adjusting component, and a first optical path changing component, a second optical path changing element, a third optical path changing element, a first polarization beam combiner, a second polarization beam combiner, and a combiner;
  • the first polarization state adjusting component is configured to adjust a polarization state of the first optical signal before the first optical signal of the at least four optical signals is input to the polarization combiner, so that The first optical signal and the second optical signal of the at least four optical signals can be combined into one optical signal in the first polarization combiner;
  • the second polarization state adjusting component is configured to adjust a polarization state of the third optical signal before the third optical signal of the at least four optical signals is input to the polarization combiner, so that The third optical signal and the fourth optical signal of the at least four optical signals can be combined into one optical signal in the second polarization combiner;
  • a first optical path changing component configured to change a propagation direction of the second optical signal to be input into the first polarization combiner
  • a second optical path changing component configured to change a propagation direction of the fourth optical signal to be input to the second polarization combiner
  • the first polarization combiner is configured to combine the first optical signal and the second optical signal received by the first polarization combiner to output a fifth optical signal;
  • the second polarization combiner is configured to combine the third optical signal and the fourth optical signal received by the second polarization combiner to output a sixth optical signal;
  • the third optical path changing component is configured to change a propagation direction of any one of the fifth optical signal and the sixth optical signal to be combined with another optical signal after being input to the combiner Synthesizing an optical signal by the combiner;
  • the combiner is configured to synthesize the fifth optical signal and the sixth optical signal received by the optical combiner.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a method for multiplexing optical signals, which multiplexes at least four optical signals into one optical signal, including:
  • the optical multiplexer and the optical signal multiplexing method provided by the present invention utilize the polarization characteristic of the laser to change the polarization state of a part of the optical signals in the multiplexed optical signals to be multiplexed, and then change the polarization state to any one of the optical signals after the change. Any one of the optical signals whose polarization state has not been changed is combined into one optical signal by polarization multiplexing, and finally the multi-path optical signal obtained by polarization multiplexing is synthesized into one optical signal.
  • the solution of the invention is based on polarization multiplexing, which reduces the number of reflections required when the multiple optical signals are multiplexed into one optical signal.
  • the optical multiplexer provided by the solution of the invention is small in size, and different optical signals are used in the optical multiplexer.
  • the difference in the optical path of the walking is small, and the insertion loss generated when the optical multiplexer provided by the solution of the present invention is coupled with the optical fiber and the laser is small.
  • 1A is a schematic structural diagram of a first optical multiplexer in the prior art
  • 1B is a schematic structural diagram of a second optical multiplexer in the prior art
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of a first structure of an optical multiplexer according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram showing a second structure of an optical multiplexer according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2C is a schematic diagram showing a third structure of an optical multiplexer according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • 2D is a schematic diagram showing a fourth structure of an optical multiplexer according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram of a first structure of an optical multiplexer according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • 3B is a schematic diagram of a second structure of an optical multiplexer according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • 3C is a schematic diagram showing a third structure of an optical multiplexer according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3D is a schematic diagram showing a fourth structure of an optical multiplexer according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart diagram of an optical signal multiplexing method according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. detailed description
  • the embodiment provides an optical multiplexer for multiplexing at least four optical signals into one optical signal.
  • the structure is as shown in FIG. 2A, and at least includes: a polarization state adjusting component 31, a polarization state adjusting component 32, and a polarization combination.
  • the polarization adjustment element 31 adjusts the polarization state of the first optical signal 1 input to the optical multiplexer such that the first optical signal 1 and the third optical signal 3 input to the polarization combiner 33 can be polarized.
  • the beam splitter 33 synthesizes an optical signal.
  • the polarization adjustment element 32 adjusts the polarization state of the second optical signal 2 input to the optical multiplexer such that the second optical signal 2 and the fourth optical signal 4 input to the polarization combiner 33 can be polarized.
  • the beam splitter 33 synthesizes an optical signal.
  • the polarization adjustment element 31 and the polarization adjustment element 32 may specifically be wave plates. It should be noted that the polarization adjusting element 31 and the polarization adjusting element 32 are any devices that can adjust the polarization state, and are not limited to the wave plate. In an embodiment, both the polarization adjustment element 31 and the polarization adjustment element 32 may be half wave plates.
  • the optical path changing element 34 changes the propagation directions of the third optical signal 3 and the fourth optical signal 4 such that the third optical signal 3 and the fourth optical signal 4 are input to the polarization combiner 33.
  • the optical path changing element 34 may be a mirror or a prism, which is not specifically limited in the present invention.
  • an anti-reflection film can also be plated on the reflective surface of the mirror or prism.
  • the polarization combiner 33 combines the received first optical signal 1 and the third optical signal 3 to obtain a fifth optical signal; the second optical signal 2 that the polarization combiner 33 receives Fourth optical signal 4 Beam, get the sixth light signal.
  • the polarization combiner combines two optical signals having different polarization states into one optical signal by polarization multiplexing.
  • the polarization state of the first optical signal 1 after passing through the polarization adjusting component 31 is changed, and the polarization of the third optical signal 3 before being input to the polarization combiner 33 is not The change occurs, so the polarization state of the first optical signal 1 input to the polarization combiner 33 is different from the polarization state of the third optical signal 3 input to the polarization combiner 33, and the first optical signal 1
  • the degree of polarization change is such that the first optical signal 1 and the third optical signal 3 of the input polarization combiner can be combined into one optical signal by the polarization combiner, and therefore, the polarization combiner 33 can The received first optical signal 1 and third optical signal 3 are combined into one optical signal.
  • the polarization combiner 33 can also combine the second optical signal 2 and the fourth optical signal 4 received by it into one optical signal.
  • the optical path changing element 36 After the sixth optical signal outputted by the polarization combiner 33 passes through the optical path changing element 36, its propagation direction is changed, and the sixth optical signal incident on the combiner 35 is incident at a suitable angle to the combiner 35. Can be combined into one optical signal.
  • the optical path changing element 36 and the optical path changing element 34 may be the same or different, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the combiner 35 is placed on the optical path of the fifth optical signal output from the polarization combiner 33, and the optical path changing element 36 is placed on the sixth optical signal output from the polarization combiner 33. On the optical path, the direction of propagation of the sixth optical signal is changed to be input to the combiner 35.
  • the combiner 35 can be placed on the optical path of the sixth optical signal output by the polarization combiner 33, and the optical path changing element 36 is placed on the fifth optical signal output by the polarization combiner 33. On the optical path, the direction of propagation of the fifth optical signal is changed to be input to the combiner 35.
  • the combiner 35 is transmissive to the first optical signal 1 and the third optical signal 3, and is reflective to the second optical signal 2 and the fourth optical signal 4. In order to reduce the loss of optical signal energy, the combiner 35 is plated with an antireflection film that increases the transmission of the first optical signal 1 and the third optical signal 3, and is plated with the second optical signal 2 and the fourth.
  • the road light signal 4 acts as an anti-reflection film that increases reflection.
  • the optical multiplexer provided by the present invention may further comprise four collimating elements: a collimating element 37, a collimating element 38, a collimating element 39, and a collimating element 310.
  • the four collimating components are respectively located on the optical path of the four optical signals input to the optical multiplexer, and collimate the beams on the respective optical paths, so that the collimated beams have better directivity and more light energy. concentrated.
  • each of the four collimating elements can be a collimating lens.
  • the collimating component may be located at any position on the optical path of the four optical signals in the optical multiplexer, preferably at the input port of the optical multiplexer.
  • the optical multiplexer provided by the present invention may further include an optical isolator 311, as shown in FIG. 2B, located on the optical path where the optical signal output by the combiner 35 is located and located after the combiner 35. , used to reduce return loss.
  • the optical multiplexer provided by the present invention includes: a polarization state adjusting component 312, a polarization state adjusting component 313, a polarization state adjusting component 314, a polarization state adjusting component 315, and a polarization beam combiner 316.
  • the polarization state adjusting element 312 changes the polarization state of the first optical signal 1 by the same degree as the polarization state of the second optical signal 2 by the polarization adjusting component 313;
  • the degree of change of the polarization state of the third optical signal 3 by 314 is the same as the degree of change of the polarization state of the fourth optical signal 4 by the polarization adjusting element 315; the polarization of the first optical signal 1 by the polarization adjusting element 312
  • the degree of state change is different from the degree of change of the polarization state of the third optical signal 3 by the polarization adjusting element 314, and the first optical signal 1 whose polarization state is adjusted and the third path whose polarization state is adjusted
  • the optical signal 3 can be combined into a single optical signal in the polarization combiner 316.
  • the polarization state of signal 3 is orthogonal.
  • the polarization adjustment elements 312, 313, 314, and 315 may each be a wave plate.
  • the off-normal adjustment element 312 and the polarization adjustment element 313 are both quarter-wave plates, and the polarization state is adjusted. Both element 314 and polarization adjustment element can be 3/4 wave plates.
  • the operation principle of the polarization combiner 316 is the same as that of the polarization combiner 33 in the optical multiplexer shown in Fig.
  • the optical axis of the combiner 316 is rotated by an angle with respect to the optical axis of the polarization combiner 33.
  • a suitable polarization combiner 316 is selected such that its interaction with the polarization adjustment element 312 is equivalent to that of FIG. 2A.
  • the polarization state adjusting element 31 and the polarization beam combiner 33 in the optical multiplexer cooperate to function.
  • the optical path changing element 317, the combiner 318, the optical path changing element 319 in the optical multiplexer of the structure shown in Fig. 2C and the optical path changing element 34, the combiner 35, and the optical path changing element 36 in the optical multiplexer of the structure shown in Fig. 2A The corresponding ones are the same, and will not be described here.
  • the optical multiplexer provided by another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2D, may further include: a collimating element 320, a collimating element 321, a collimating element 323, and a collimating element, compared to the optical multiplexer shown in FIG. 2C. 324 and optical isolator 325.
  • the collimating element and the optical isolator are the same as the collimating element and the optical isolator described in the corresponding embodiment of FIG. 2B, and no further description is given here.
  • the optical multiplexer provided by the embodiment of the invention uses the polarization characteristic of the laser to change the polarization state of the optical signal. Then, the two optical signals with different polarization states are combined into one optical signal based on the polarization multiplexing, so that the number of reflections required when the multiple optical signals are multiplexed into one optical signal can be reduced. Therefore, the optical multiplexer provided by the embodiment of the present invention
  • the power of the optical signals and the optical field energy distribution of the multiplexed signals in the multiplexed signal are small, and the multiplexer provided by the embodiment of the present invention also has a better insertion loss when combined with the laser and the optical fiber. small.
  • the embodiment provides an optical multiplexer for multiplexing at least four optical signals into one optical signal.
  • the structure is as shown in FIG. 3A, and at least includes: a polarization state adjusting component 41, a polarization state adjusting component 42, and a polarization combination.
  • the polarization adjustment element 41 adjusts the polarization state of the input first optical signal 1 such that it can be combined with the second optical signal 2 input to the polarization combiner 43 after being input to the polarization combiner 43. All the way to the light signal.
  • the polarization adjustment element 42 adjusts the polarization state of the input third optical signal 3 such that it can be combined with the fourth optical signal 4 input to the polarization combiner 44 after being input to the polarization combiner 44. All the way to the light signal.
  • the polarization adjusting elements 43 and 44 may specifically be wave plates. It should be noted that the polarization state adjusting component can be any device that can adjust the polarization state, and is not limited to the wave plate. In still another embodiment, both the polarization adjustment element 43 and the polarization adjustment element 44 may be half wave plates.
  • the optical path changing element 45 changes the propagation direction of the second optical signal 2 input to the optical multiplexer so that it is input into the polarization combiner 43 and can be combined with the first optical signal 1 input to the polarization combiner 45. All the way to the light signal.
  • the optical path changing element 46 changes the propagation direction of the fourth optical signal 4 input to the optical multiplexer so that it is input to the polarization combiner 44 and can be combined with the third optical signal 3 input to the polarization combiner 46.
  • Optical signal Optical signal.
  • the optical path changing elements 45, 46 may be mirrors or prisms, which are not specifically limited in the present invention.
  • an anti-reflection film can also be plated on the reflective surface of the mirror or prism.
  • the polarization combiner 43 combines the received first optical signal 1 and the second optical signal 2 to obtain a fifth optical signal; the third optical signal 3 received by the polarization combiner 44 And fourth optical signal Combine and get the sixth optical signal.
  • the working principle of the polarization combiner 43 and the polarization combiner 44 is similar to that of the polarization combiner in the first embodiment, and will not be described herein.
  • the fifth optical signal is directly incident into the combiner 47, and the sixth optical signal passes through the optical path changing element 48 and changes the propagation direction to be incident on the combiner 47 at an appropriate angle so that the sixth optical signal and the fifth optical path
  • the signals can be combined into one optical signal in the combiner.
  • the combiner 47 is placed on the optical path of the fifth optical signal output from the polarization combiner 43, and the sixth optical signal output from the polarization combiner 44 is placed by the optical path changing element 48. On the optical path, the direction of propagation of the sixth optical signal is changed to be input to the combiner 47.
  • the combiner 47 can be placed on the optical path of the sixth optical signal output by the polarization combiner 43, and the optical path changing component 48 is placed on the fifth optical signal output by the polarization combiner 43. On the optical path, the direction of propagation of the fifth optical signal is changed to be input to the combiner 47.
  • the combiner 47 combines the received fifth optical signal and the sixth optical signal into one optical signal.
  • the combiner 47 is transmissive for the first optical signal 1 and the second optical signal 2, and is reflective for the third optical signal 3 and the fourth optical signal 4.
  • the combiner 47 may be plated with an antireflection film that increases the transmission of the first optical signal 1 and the second optical signal 2, and is plated with the third optical signal 3 and
  • the four-way optical signal 4 acts as an anti-reflection film that increases reflection.
  • the optical multiplexer provided by the present invention may further comprise four collimating elements: a collimating element 49, a collimating element 410, a collimating element 411, and a collimating element 412.
  • the four collimating components are respectively located on the optical path of the four optical signals input to the optical multiplexer, and collimate the beams on the respective optical paths, so that the collimated beams have better directivity and more light energy. concentrated.
  • each of the four collimating elements can be a collimating lens.
  • the collimating component may be located at any position on the optical path of the four optical signals in the optical multiplexer, and preferably in the vicinity of the input port of the optical multiplexer, as for the positional relative relationship between the collimating component and the polarization adjusting component,
  • the invention is not limited.
  • the optical multiplexer provided by the present invention may further comprise an optical isolator 413, as shown in FIG. 3B, which is located behind the combiner 47 and located on the optical path where the optical signal output by the combiner 47 is located, for reducing echo. loss.
  • the optical multiplexer provided by the present invention includes: a polarization state adjusting component 414, a polarization state adjusting component 415, a polarization state adjusting component 416, a polarization state adjusting component 417, and a polarization beam combiner 418.
  • the polarization state adjusting component 414 pairs the first optical signal 1
  • the degree of change of the polarization state is different from the degree of change of the polarization state of the second optical signal 2 by the polarization state adjusting element 414, and the adjusted first optical signal 1 and the polarization state of the polarization state are adjusted.
  • the two optical signals 2 can be combined into one optical signal in the polarization combiner 418.
  • the polarization state of the first optical signal 1 output by the polarization adjusting component 414 and the second output of the polarization adjusting component 415 The polarization state of the optical signal 2 is orthogonal; the degree of change of the polarization state of the third optical signal 3 by the polarization adjusting element 416 is different from the degree of change of the polarization state of the optical signal 4 of the fourth optical signal 4 by the polarization adjusting element 417, And the third optical signal 3 whose polarization state is adjusted and the fourth optical signal 4 whose polarization state is adjusted can be combined into one optical signal in the polarization combiner 419.
  • the polarization adjusting component 416 The polarization state of the output third optical signal 3 is orthogonal to the polarization state of the fourth optical signal 4 output by the polarization adjustment element 417.
  • the polarization adjustment elements 414, 415, 416, and 417 may each be a wave plate.
  • the off-normal adjustment element 414 and the polarization adjustment element 416 are both quarter-wave plates, and the polarization state is adjusted. Both element 415 and polarization adjustment element 417 can be 3/4 wave plates.
  • the working principle of the polarization combiners 418, 419 is the same as that of the polarization combiners 43, 44 in the optical multiplexer shown in Fig. 3A, but the device selection is slightly There is a difference that the optical axis of the polarization combiner 418 is rotated by an angle with respect to the optical axis of the polarization combiner 43, and the optical axis of the polarization combiner 419 is rotated by an angle with respect to the optical axis of the polarization combiner 44, for example, A suitable polarization combiner 418 is configured such that its interaction with the polarization adjustment element 414 is equivalent to the interaction of the polarization adjustment element 41 and the polarization combiner 43 of the optical multiplexer shown in FIG.
  • the polarization combiner 419 is configured such that it cooperates with the polarization adjustment element 416 to function the same as the polarization adjustment element 42 and the polarization combiner 44 of FIG. 3A.
  • the combiner 47 and the optical path changing component 48 respectively correspond to the same, and details are not described herein.
  • FIG. 3D Another embodiment provides an optical multiplexer, as shown in FIG. 3D, which may further include: a collimating element 424, a collimating element 425, a collimating element 426, and a collimating element, as compared to the optical multiplexer shown in FIG. 3C. 427 and optical isolator 428.
  • the collimating element and the optical isolator are the same as the collimating element and the optical isolator described in the corresponding embodiment of FIG. 3B, and no further description is given here.
  • the optical multiplexer provided by the embodiment of the present invention uses the polarization characteristic of the laser to change the polarization state of the optical signal, and then combines two optical signals with different polarization states into one optical signal based on polarization multiplexing, thereby reducing multiplexing of multiple optical signals.
  • the number of reflections required to form an optical signal, and therefore, provided by the embodiment of the present invention The optical multiplexer is not only small in size, but also has a small difference in power and optical field energy distribution of each optical signal in the multiplexed signal, and the multiplexer provided by the embodiment of the present invention is inserted into the laser and the optical fiber. The damage is also small.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for multiplexing an optical signal, which is used for multiplexing at least four optical signals into one optical signal, and the process is as shown in FIG. 4 . As shown, including:
  • Step S1 adjusting a polarization state of the first optical signal of the at least four optical signals, so that the first optical signal and the second optical signal of the at least four optical signals can be polarized and multiplexed Combining into one optical signal; adjusting a polarization state of the third optical signal of the at least four optical signals, so that the third optical signal and the fourth optical signal of the at least four optical signals can Combine into one optical signal by polarization multiplexing;
  • Step S2 combining the first optical signal and the second optical signal with the polarization state adjusted by polarization multiplexing to output a fifth optical signal; and adjusting the polarization state by polarization multiplexing.
  • the third optical signal and the fourth optical signal are combined to output a sixth optical signal;
  • Step S3 changing a propagation direction of any one of the fifth optical signal and the sixth optical signal to synthesize one optical signal with another optical signal.
  • the polarization state adjustment of the optical signal can be realized by a polarization state adjusting element such as a wave plate.
  • the polarization modes of the first optical signal and the third optical signal may be adjusted by using a half wave plate, and the adjusted polarization state and the polarization state before the adjustment are orthogonal to each other.
  • the method for multiplexing optical signals provided by the present invention may further include: performing, by using polarization multiplexing, the first path optical signal and the second path optical signal adjusted by polarization polarization Before the merging, the polarization state of the second optical signal to be combined is also adjusted.
  • the polarization state and the polarization state of the adjusted second optical signal are first.
  • the polarization states of the road light signals are orthogonal to each other;
  • the polarization state of the fourth optical signal to be combined is also performed. Adjusting, preferably, the polarization state of the adjusted fourth optical signal of the polarization state and the polarization state of the adjusted fourth optical signal of the polarization state are orthogonal to each other.
  • the polarization state of the first optical signal and the third optical signal may be adjusted by using a 1/4 wave plate, and the third optical signal and the fourth optical signal are used by the 3/4 wave plate. The polarization state is adjusted.
  • the method for multiplexing an optical signal provided by the present invention further includes: combining the first optical signal and the second optical signal that have been adjusted in polarization state by polarization multiplexing. Before the beam, collimating the first optical signal and the second optical signal;
  • the third optical signal and the fourth optical signal adjusted by the polarization state are combined by polarization multiplexing, the third optical signal and the fourth optical signal are quasi-aligned straight.
  • the collimation of the optical signal may be performed before the polarization state of the optical signal is adjusted, or may be performed after the polarization state of the optical signal is adjusted, which is not limited by the present invention.
  • the optical signal multiplexing method provided by the embodiment of the invention uses the polarization characteristic of the laser to change the polarization state of the optical signal, and then combines two optical signals with different polarization states into one optical signal based on polarization multiplexing, thereby reducing multi-path light.
  • the difference between the power of the road signal and the light field energy distribution is small.
  • the present invention is described by taking four optical signals into one optical signal as an example.
  • optical signal when four or more optical signals are used, it can also be implemented by using the inventive scheme. For example, when the five optical signals are multiplexed into one optical signal, the four optical signals can be multiplexed into one optical signal by using the scheme described in the foregoing embodiment, and then the optical signal is combined with the remaining optical signal. .

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Description

光信号复用的方法和光复用器 技术领域
本发明涉及通信领域, 尤其涉及一种光信号复用的方法和光复用器。
背景技术
网络流量迅速增长,促进了路由器和传送设备线卡容量的持续增长,伴随 着光通信产业的发展, 客户侧光收发模块相关技术也在不断演进, 高速率、 低 成本、 低功耗、 小型化、 可插拔的光收发模块逐渐成为行业关注的热点。
近年来各模块厂家相继推出 100GE客户侧模块, 其发送侧大多的解决方 案是采用 4个分立的 TOSA ( Transmitter Optical Subassembly, 光发射次模块) 器件, 外置光层的 MUX ( multiplexer, 复用器) 器件将 4通道 TOSA输出的 光合波后进入单模光纤传输。诸多厂商下一代光模块的目标是, 通过设计集成 的 TOSA, 降低发送侧关键器件的体积和功耗, 实现模块向小型化的 CFP2甚 至 CFP4封装形式演进。
在向下一代更小封装的演进过程中,模块的发送侧若采用集成 TOSA设计 方案, 需要将 4路激光器以及 MUX器件甚至激光器驱动都集成在一个 TOSA 中,如何将 4路激光器输出的光耦合进单模光纤即如何设计集成的光层 4: 1 复 用器件成为研究的热点。 现有技术中, 光层 MUX/DEMUX器件可以选择基于 TFF ( Thin Film Filter, 薄膜滤波器)或者基于 PLC ( Planar Lightwave Circuit, 平面光波导) 的设计方案。
现有的 MUX器件设计方案之一是基于 Zig-Zag 的 TFF, 如图 1A所示, 多路激光器输出的光通过透镜准直后再经过滤波片和反射镜多次折返合束后 耦合进单模光纤, 该滤波片阵列和反射镜组成的光复用器即光层 MUX。
现有技术中还有另一种 MUX器件设计方案, 其是基于 PLC的光层 MUX 器件,如图 1B所示, 激光器输出的光通过基于 PLC阵列波导光栅合束后耦合 进入单模光纤传输。
但是, 图 1A所示的光层 MUX 器件体积较大不利于集成, 并且在光层 MUX器件内不同通道的激光经历的反射次数不同而且所走的光程差异较大, 导致不同通道输出的激光入纤光功率和光场能量分布差异较大。 而图 1B所示 的光层 MUX器件, 其与激光器之间的耦合存在很大的插损, 且 MUX器件与 光纤之间的耦合也存在很大的插损, 为了满足系统的应用需求, 必然需要提高 激光器的输出光功率以补偿插损,从而将导致整体功耗增加、系统可靠性下降。 发明内容
为了解决现有技术中光层复用器的体积大、输出的各通道的光功率和光场 能量分布差异较大、 以及在与光纤耦合时产生较大的插损等缺点, 本发明提供 了一种光信号复用的方法和光复用器的设计方案。
本发明实施例提供一种光复用器,用于将至少四路光信号复用成一路光信 号, 包括: 第一偏振态调整元件、 第二偏振态调整元件、 第一光路改变元件、 第二光路改变元件、 偏振合束器和合束器;
所述第一偏振态调整元件,用于在所述至少四路光信号中的第一路光信号 输入到所述偏振合束器之前,调整所述第一路光信号的偏振态,使得所述第一 路光信号与所述至少四路光信号中的第三路光信号在所述偏振合束器中能被 合并成一路光信号;
所述第二偏振态调整元件,用于在所述至少四路光信号中的第二路光信号 输入到所述偏振合束器之前,调整所述第二路光信号的偏振态,使得所述第二 路光信号与所述至少四路光信号中的第四路光信号在所述偏振合束器中能被 合并成一路光信号;
所述第一光路改变元件,用于改变所述第三路光信号和所述第四路光信号 的传播方向, 使其输入到所述偏振合束器中;
所述偏振合束器,用于将其接收到的第一路光信号和第三路光信号进行合 束,得到第五路光信号; 还用于将其接收到的第二路光信号和第四路光信号进 行合束, 得到第六路光信号;
所述第二光路改变元件,用于改变所述偏振合束器输出的所述第五路光信 号和所述第六路光信号中的任意一路光信号的传播方向,使其与另外一路光信 号在输入到所述合束器后能被所述合束器合并成一路光信号;
合束器,用于将其接收到的所述第五路光信号和所述第六路光信号合并成 一路光信号。
本发明实施例还提供一种光复用器,用于将至少四路光信号复用成一路光 信号, 包括: 第一偏振态调整元件、第二偏振态调整元件、第一光路改变元件、 第二光路改变元件、 第三光路改变元件、 第一偏振合束器、 第二偏振合束器和 合束器;
所述第一偏振态调整元件,用于在所述至少四路光信号中的第一路光信号 输入到所述偏振合束器之前,调整所述第一路光信号的偏振态,使得所述第一 路光信号与所述至少四路光信号中的第二路光信号在所述第一偏振合束器中 能被合并成一路光信号;
所述第二偏振态调整元件,用于在所述至少四路光信号中的第三路光信号 输入到所述偏振合束器之前,调整所述第三路光信号的偏振态,使得所述第三 路光信号与所述至少四路光信号中的第四路光信号在所述第二偏振合束器中 能被合成一路光信号;
第一光路改变元件, 用于改变所述第二路光信号的传播方向,使其输入到 所述第一偏振合束器中;
第二光路改变元件, 用于改变所述第四路光信号的传播方向,使其输入到 所述第二偏振合束器中;
所述第一偏振合束器,用于将其接收到的第一路光信号和第二路光信号进 行合束, 输出第五路光信号;
所述第二偏振合束器,用于将其接收到的第三路光信号和第四路光信号进 行合束, 输出第六路光信号;
所述第三光路改变元件用于改变所述第五路光信号和所述第六路光信号 中任意一路光信号的传播方向,使其与另外一路光信号在输入到所述合束器后 被所述合束器合成一路光信号;
所述合束器,用于将其接收到的所述第五路光信号和第六路光信号合成一 路光信号。 本发明实施例还提供一种光信号复用的方法,将至少四路光信号复用成一 路光信号, 包括:
调整所述至少四路光信号中的第一路光信号的偏振态,使得所述第一路光 信号与所述至少四路光信号中的第二路光信号能通过偏振复用被合并成一路 光信号; 调整所述至少四路光信号中的第三路光信号的偏振态,使得所述第三 路光信号与所述至少四路光信号中的第四路光信号能通过偏振复用被合并成 一路光信号;
通过偏振复用将偏振态经调整后的所述第一路光信号和所述第二路光信 号进行合束,输出第五路光信号; 通过偏振复用将偏振态经调整后的所述第三 路光信号和所述第四路光信号进行合束, 输出第六路光信号;
改变所述第五路光信号和所述第六路光信号中的任意一路光信号的传播 方向, 使其与另外一路光信号合成一路光信号。
本发明提供的光复用器和光信号复用的方法利用激光的偏振特性,改变需 要复用的多路光信号中的部分光信号的偏振态,然后将偏振态经过改变后的任 意一路光信号和偏振态未经改变的任意一路光信号通过偏振复用合成一路光 信号, 最终将偏振复用得到的多路光信号再合成一路光信号。本发明方案基于 偏振复用, 减少了多路光信号复用成一路光信号时所需的反射次数, 因此, 本 发明方案提供的光复用器体积小,不同路光信号在光复用器中所走的光程差异 较小,而且本发明方案提供的光复用器与光纤、激光器耦合时产生的插损较小。 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施 例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地, 下面描述 中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲, 在不付 出创造性劳动性的前提下, 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图 1A为现有技术中的第一种光复用器的结构示意图;
图 1B为现有技术中的第二种光复用器的结构示意图;
图 2 A为本发明实施例一提供的光复用器的第一结构示意图;
图 2B为本发明实施例一提供的光复用器的第二结构示意图;
图 2C为本发明实施例一提供的光复用器的第三结构示意图;
图 2D为本发明实施例一提供的光复用器的第四结构示意图;
图 3 A为本发明实施例二提供的光复用器的第一结构示意图;
图 3B为本发明实施例二提供的光复用器的第二结构示意图;
图 3C为本发明实施例二提供的光复用器的第三结构示意图;
图 3D为本发明实施例二提供的光复用器的第四结构示意图; 图 4为本发明实施例三提供的光信号复用方法的流程示意图。 具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清 楚、 完整地描述, 显然, 所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例, 而不是 全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例, 本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造 性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例, 都属于本发明保护的范围。
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚, 下面将结合附图对本发明 实施方式作进一步地详细描述。 实施例一
本实施例提供一种光复用器, 用于将至少四路光信号复用成一路光信号, 其结构如图 2A所示, 至少包括: 偏振态调整元件 31、 偏振态调整元件 32、 偏 振合束器 33、 、 光路改变元件 34、 合束器 35和光路改变元件 36。
偏振态调整元件 31对输入到光复用器的第一路光信号 1的偏振态进行调 整,使得第一路光信号 1与输入到偏振合束器 33的第三路光信号 3能被偏振合束 器 33合成一路光信号。
偏振态调整元件 32对输入到光复用器的第二路光信号 2的偏振态进行调 整,使得第二路光信号 2与输入到偏振合束器 33的第四路光信号 4能被偏振合束 器 33合成一路光信号。
偏振态调整元件 31和偏振态调整元件 32,具体可以是波片。需要说明的是, 偏振态调整元件 31和偏振态调整元件 32是任何可以起偏振态调整作用的器件, 并不仅限于波片。在一实施例中, 偏振态调整元件 31和偏振态调整元件 32均可 以是半波片。
光路改变元件 34改变第三路光信号 3和第四路光信号 4的传播方向,使得第 三路光信号 3和第四路光信号 4输入到偏振合束器 33中。光路改变元件 34可以为 反射镜, 也可以是棱镜, 本发明不做具体限定。 为减少光信号能量的损失, 还 可以在反射镜或者棱镜的反射面上镀上增反膜。
偏振合束器 33将其接收到的第一路光信号 1和第三路光信号 3合束,得到第 五路光信号; 偏振合束器 33将其接收到的第二路光信号 2和第四路光信号 4合 束, 得到第六路光信号。
偏振合束器是通过偏振复用将偏振态不同的两路光信号合成一路光信号。 在本实施例中, 第一路光信号 1在经过偏振态调整元件 31后, 其偏振态发生了 改变, 而第三路光信号 3在输入到偏振合束器 33之前, 其偏振态并未发生改变, 故输入到偏振合束器 33的第一路光信号 1的偏振态与输入到偏振合束器 33的第 三路光信号 3的偏振态是不同的,并且第一路光信号 1的偏振态改变的程度是要 使得输入偏振合束器的第一路光信号 1和第三路光信号 3能被偏振合束器合并 成一路光信号, 因此, 偏振合束器 33可以将其接收到的第一路光信号 1和第三 路光信号 3合并成一路光信号。 同理, 偏振合束器 33也可以将其接收到的第二 路光信号 2和第四路光信号 4合并成一路光信号。
偏振合束器 33输出的第六路光信号经过光路改变元件 36后,改变了其传播 方向,以合适的角度入射到合束器 35后与入射到合束器 35的第六路光信号刚好 能被合并成一路光信号。 需要说明的是, 光路改变元件 36与光路改变元件 34 可以相同, 也可以不同, 本发明不做限定。
在本实施例中,合束器 35是放置在偏振合束器 33输出的第五路光信号的光 路上, 而用光路改变元件 36放置在偏振合束器 33输出的第六路光信号的光路 上, 改变第六路光信号的传播方向使其输入到合束器 35中。 在另一实施例中, 合束器 35可以放置在偏振合束器 33输出的第六路光信号的光路上,而光路改变 元件 36放置在偏振合束器 33输出的第五路光信号的光路上,改变第五路光信号 的传播方向使其输入到合束器 35中。
其中,合束器 35对第一路光信号 1和第三路光信号 3是透射作用,对第二路 光信号 2和第四路光信号 4是反射作用。 为减少光信号能量的损失, 合束器 35 上镀有对第一路光信号 1和第三路光信号 3起增加透射作用的增透膜,镀有对第 二路光信号 2和第四路光信号 4起增加反射作用的增反膜。
在另一实施例中, 如图 2B所示, 本发明提供的光复用器还可以包含四个 准直元件: 准直元件 37, 准直元件 38, 准直元件 39, 准直元件 310。 四个准直 元件分别位于输入到光复用器的四路光信号所在的光路上,对各自所在光路上 的光束进行准直作用, 使得经准直后的光束方向性更好, 光能量更为集中。 在 又一实施例中, 四个准直元件均可以为准直透镜。 准直元件具体可以位于光复 用器中四路光信号的光路上的任何位置,最优的是处于光复用器的输入端口附 近, 至于准直元件与偏振态调整元件之间的位置相对关系, 本发明不作限定。 在一实施例中, 本发明提供的光复用器还可以进一步包括一个光隔离器 311, 如图 2B所示, 其位于合束器 35输出的光信号所在的光路上且位于合束器 35之后, 用于减少回波损耗。
在一实施例中, 如图 2C所示, 本发明提供的光复用器包括: 偏振态调整 元件 312、 偏振态调整元件 313、 偏振态调整元件 314、 偏振态调整元件 315、 偏 振合束器 316、 光路改变元件 317、 光路改变元件 319和合束器 318。 在本实施例 中,偏振态调整元件 312对第一路光信号 1的偏振态改变的程度, 与偏振态调整 元件 313对第二路光信号 2的偏振态改变的程度相同; 偏振态调整元件 314对第 三路光信号 3的偏振态改变的程度, 与偏振态调整元件 315对第四路光信号 4的 偏振态改变的程度相同;偏振态调整元件 312对第一路光信号 1的偏振态改变的 程度, 与偏振态调整元件 314对第三路光信号 3的偏振态改变的程度不同, 且使 得偏振态经调整后的第一路光信号 1与偏振态经调整后的第三路光信号 3在偏 振合束器 316中能被合并成一路光信号,优选的,偏振态调整元件 312输出的第 一路光信号 1的偏振态, 与偏振态调整元件 314输出的第三路光信号 3的偏振态 正交。 在又一实施例中, 偏振态调整元件 312, 313, 314和 315均可以为波片, 优选的, 偏正态调整元件 312和偏振态调整元件 313均为 1/4波片, 偏振态调整 元件 314和偏振态调整元件均可以为 3/4波片。 在图 2C所示结构的光复用器中, 偏振合束器 316的工作原理与图 2A所示光复用器中的偏振合束器 33的工作原 理相同, 但是在器件选择上稍有差异, 偏振合束器 316的光轴相对于偏振合束 器 33的光轴旋转一定角度, 例如, 选择合适的偏振合束器 316, 使得其和偏振 态调整元件 312配合所起的作用相当于图 2A所示光复用器中偏振态调整元件 31和偏振合束器 33配合所起的作用。 图 2C所示结构的光复用器中的光路改变 元件 317、 合束器 318、 光路改变元件 319与图 2A所示结构的光复用器中光路改 变元件 34、 合束器 35、 光路改变元件 36分别对应相同, 此处不再进行赘述。
另一实施例提供的光复用器, 如图 2D所示, 相比于图 2C所示的光复用器 还可以进一步包括: 准直元件 320、 准直元件 321、 准直元件 323、 准直元件 324 和光隔离器 325。 在本实施例中, 准直元件、 光隔离器与图 2B对应实施例中描 述的准直元件、 光隔离器相同, 此处不再对其进行赞述。
本发明实施例提供的光复用器,利用激光的偏振特性,改变光信号偏振态, 然后基于偏振复用将偏振态不同的两路光信号合成一路光信号,从而可以减少 多路光信号复用成一路光信号时所需的反射次数, 因此, 本发明实施例提供的 光复用器不仅体积小、输出的一路复用信号中各路光信号的功率和光场能量分 布差异性较小, 而且本发明实施例提供的复用器在与激光器、光纤进行輛合时 的插损也较小。 实施例二
本实施例提供一种光复用器, 用于将至少四路光信号复用成一路光信号, 其结构如图 3A所示, 至少包括: 偏振态调整元件 41、 偏振态调整元件 42、 偏 振合束器 43、 偏振合束器 44、 光路改变元件 45、 光路改变元件 46、 合束器 47 和光路改变元件 48。
偏振态调整元件 41对输入的第一路光信号 1的偏振态进行调整, 使得其在 输入到偏振合束器 43后能与输入到偏振合束器 43的第二路光信号 2被合并成一 路光信号。
偏振态调整元件 42对输入的第三路光信号 3的偏振态进行调整, 使得其在 输入到偏振合束器 44后能与输入到偏振合束器 44的第四路光信号 4被合并成一 路光信号。
其中, 偏振态调整元件 43和 44具体可以是波片。 需要说明的是, 偏振态调 整元件可以是任何可以起偏振态调整作用的器件, 并不仅限于波片。在又一实 施例中, 偏振态调整元件 43和偏振态调整元件 44均可以是半波片。
光路改变元件 45改变输入到光复用器的第二路光信号 2的传播方向, 使其 输入到偏振合束器 43中能与输入到偏振合束器 45的第一路光信号 1被合并成一 路光信号。
光路改变元件 46改变输入到光复用器的第四路光信号 4的传播方向, 使其 输入到偏振合束器 44中能与输入到偏振合束器 46的第三路光信号 3被合成一路 光信号。
光路改变元件 45、 46可以为反射镜,也可以是棱镜,本发明不做具体限定。 为减少光信号能量的损失, 还可以在反射镜或者棱镜的反射面上镀上增反膜。
偏振合束器 43将其接收到的第一路光信号 1和第二路光信号 2进行合束,得 到第五路光信号; 偏振合束器 44将其接收到的第三路光信号 3和第四路光信号 进行合束,得到第六路光信号。偏振合束器 43和偏振合束器 44的工作原理和实 施例一中偏振合束器的工作原理类似, 此处不再赘述。
第五路光信号直接入射到合束器 47中,第六路光信号经过光路改变元件 48 后改变传播方向以合适角度入射到合束器 47,以使得第六路光信号和第五路光 信号能在合束器中被合并成一路光信号。
在本实施例中,合束器 47是放置在偏振合束器 43输出的第五路光信号的光 路上, 而用光路改变元件 48放置在偏振合束器 44输出的第六路光信号的光路 上, 改变第六路光信号的传播方向使其输入到合束器 47中。 在另一实施例中, 合束器 47可以放置在偏振合束器 43输出的第六路光信号的光路上,而光路改变 元件 48放置在偏振合束器 43输出的第五路光信号的光路上,改变第五路光信号 的传播方向使其输入到合束器 47中。
合束器 47将接收到的第五路光信号和第六路光信号合成一路光信号。合束 器 47对第一路光信号 1和第二路光信号 2是透射作用, 对第三路光信号 3和第四 路光信号 4是反射作用。 为减少光信号能量的损失, 合束器 47上可以镀有对第 一路光信号 1和第二路光信号 2起增加透射作用的增透膜,镀有对第三路光信号 3和第四路光信号 4起增加反射作用的增反膜。
在另一实施例中, 如图 3B所示, 本发明提供的光复用器还可以包含四个 准直元件: 准直元件 49, 准直元件 410, 准直元件 411, 准直元件 412。 四个准 直元件分别位于输入到光复用器的四路光信号所在的光路上,对各自所在光路 上的光束进行准直作用, 使得经准直后的光束方向性更好, 光能量更为集中。 在又一实施例中, 四个准直元件均可以为准直透镜。 准直元件具体可以位于光 复用器中四路光信号的光路上的任何位置,最优的是处于光复用器的输入端口 附近,至于准直元件与偏振态调整元件之间的位置相对关系,本发明不作限定。
本发明提供的光复用器还可以进一步包括一个光隔离器 413, 如图 3B所 示, 其位于合束器 47之后且位于合束器 47输出的光信号所在的光路上, 用于减 少回波损耗。
在一实施例中, 如图 3C所示, 本发明提供的光复用器包括: 偏振态调整 元件 414、 偏振态调整元件 415, 偏振态调整元件 416, 偏振态调整元件 417、 偏 振合束器 418, 偏振合束器 419, 光路改变元件 420, 光路改变元件 421、 合束器 422和光路改变元件 423。在本实施例中,偏振态调整元件 414对第一路光信号 1 的偏振态改变的程度,与偏振态调整元件 414对第二路光信号 2的偏振态改变的 程度不同, 且使得偏振态经调整后的第一路光信号 1与偏振态经调整后的第二 路光信号 2在偏振合束器 418中能被合并成一路光信号,优选的,偏振态调整元 件 414输出的第一路光信号 1的偏振态, 与偏振态调整元件 415输出的第二路光 信号 2的偏振态正交; 偏振态调整元件 416对第三路光信号 3的偏振态改变的程 度, 与偏振态调整元件 417对第四路光信号 4的偏振态改变的程度不同, 且使得 偏振态经调整后的第三路光信号 3与偏振态经调整后的第四路光信号 4在偏振 合束器 419中能被合并成一路光信号,优选的,偏振态调整元件 416输出的第三 路光信号 3的偏振态, 与偏振态调整元件 417输出的第四路光信号 4的偏振态正 交。 在又一实施例中, 偏振态调整元件 414, 415, 416和 417均可以为波片, 优 选的, 偏正态调整元件 414和偏振态调整元件 416均为 1/4波片, 偏振态调整元 件 415和偏振态调整元件 417均可以为 3/4波片。在图 3C所示结构的光复用器中, 偏振合束器 418、 419的工作原理与图 3A所示光复用器中的偏振合束器 43、 44 的工作原理相同, 但是在器件选择上稍有差异, 偏振合束器 418的光轴相对于 偏振合束器 43的光轴旋转一定角度, 偏振合束器 419的光轴相对于偏振合束器 44的光轴旋转一定角度, 例如, 选择合适的偏振合束器 418, 使得其和偏振态 调整元件 414配合所起的作用相当于图 3A所示光复用器中偏振态调整元件 41 和偏振合束器 43配合所起的作用; 选择合适的偏振合束器 419, 使得其和偏振 态调整元件 416配合所起的作用与图 3A中偏振态调整元件 42和偏振合束器 44 配合所起的作用相同。 图 3C所示结构的光复用器中的光路改变元件 420、 光路 改变元件 421、 合束器 422、 光路改变元件 423和图 3A所示结构的光复用器中的 光路改变元件 45、光路改变元件 46、合束器 47、光路改变元件 48分别对应相同, 此处不再进行赘述。
另一实施例提供的光复用器, 如图 3D所示, 相比于图 3C所示的光复用器 还可以进一步包括: 准直元件 424、 准直元件 425、 准直元件 426、 准直元件 427 和光隔离器 428。 在本实施例中, 准直元件、 光隔离器与图 3B对应实施例中描 述的准直元件、 光隔离器相同, 此处不再对其进行赞述。
本发明实施例提供的光复用器,利用激光的偏振特性,改变光信号偏振态, 然后基于偏振复用将偏振态不同的两路光信号合成一路光信号,从而可以减少 多路光信号复用成一路光信号时所需的反射次数, 因此, 本发明实施例提供的 光复用器不仅体积小、输出的一路复用信号中各路光信号的功率和光场能量分 布差异性较小, 而且本发明实施例提供的复用器在与激光器、光纤进行輛合时 的插损也较小。 实施例三
相应于实施例一和实施例二提供的光复用器,本发明实施例还提供一种光 信号的复用方法, 用于将至少四路光信号复用成一路光信号, 其流程如图 4所 示, 包括:
步骤 S1 : 调整所述至少四路光信号中的第一路光信号的偏振态,使得所述 第一路光信号与所述至少四路光信号中的第二路光信号能通过偏振复用被合 并成一路光信号; 调整所述至少四路光信号中的第三路光信号的偏振态,使得 所述第三路光信号与所述至少四路光信号中的第四路光信号能通过偏振复用 被合并成一路光信号;
步骤 S2:通过偏振复用将偏振态经调整后的所述第一路光信号和所述第二 路光信号进行合束,输出第五路光信号; 通过偏振复用将偏振态经调整后的所 述第三路光信号和所述第四路光信号进行合束, 输出第六路光信号;
步骤 S3 :改变所述第五路光信号和所述第六路光信号中的任意一路光信号 的传播方向, 使其与另外一路光信号合成一路光信号。
在步骤 S1中, 光信号的偏振态调整可以通过波片等偏振态调整元件来实 现。在一具体的实施例中, 可以采用半波片对第一路光信号和第三路光信号的 偏振态进行调整, 调整后的偏振态与调整前的偏振态相互正交。
在另一实施例中, 本发明提供的光信号复用的方法还可以进一步包括: 在通过偏振复用将偏振态经调整后的所述第一路光信号和所述第二路光 信号进行合束之前, 对即将进行合束的所述第二路光信号的偏振态也进行调 整,优选的, 偏振态经调整后的第二路光信号的偏振态与偏振态经调整后的第 一路光信号的偏振态相互正交;
在通过偏振复用将偏振态经调整后的所述第三路光信号和所述第四路光 信号进行合束之前, 对即将进行合束的所述第四路光信号的偏振态也进行调 整,优选的, 偏振态经调整后的第四路光信号的偏振态与偏振态经调整后的第 四路光信号的偏振态相互正交。 在该实施例中, 可以利用 1/4波片对第一路光信号和第三路光信号的偏振 态进行调整, 利用 3/4波片对第二路光信号和第四路光信号的偏振态进行调整。
在又一实施例中, 本发明提供的光信号的复用方法还进一步包括: 在通过偏振复用将偏振态经调整后的所述第一路光信号和所述第二路光 信号进行合束之前, 对所述第一路光信号和所述第二路光信号进行准直;
在通过偏振复用将偏振态经调整后的所述第三路光信号和所述第四路光 信号进行合束之前, 对所述第三路光信号和所述第四路光信号进行准直。
需要说明的是,对光信号的准直可以在调整光信号的偏振态之前进行, 也 可以在调整光信号的偏振态之后进行, 本发明不做限定。
本发明实施例提供的光信号复用的方法, 利用激光的偏振特性, 改变光信 号偏振态, 然后基于偏振复用将偏振态不同的两路光信号合成一路光信号,从 而可以减少多路光信号复用成一路光信号时所需的反射次数, 因此,采用本发 明实施例提供的光信号复用的方法将多路信号复用成一路信号后,可以使得最 后得到的复用信号中各路信号的功率和光场能量分布差异性较小。 在上述关于光复用器和光信号复用方法的实施例中,均是以将四路光信号 复用成一路光信号为例阐述本发明,可以理解的是, 当将四路以上的光信号复 用成一路信号时, 也可以采用发明的方案来实现。 例如, 将五路光信号复用成 一路光信号时,可以采用前文实施例描述的方案先将其中四路光信号复用成一 路光信号, 然后再与剩下的一路光信号合成一路光信号。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于 此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内, 可轻易想到 变化或替换, 都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。 因此, 本发明的保护范围应 所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种光复用器, 其特征在于, 用于将至少四路光信号复用成一路光信 号, 至少包括: 第一偏振态调整元件、 第二偏振态调整元件、 第一光路改变元 件、 第二光路改变元件、 偏振合束器和合束器;
所述第一偏振态调整元件,用于在所述至少四路光信号中的第一路光信号 输入到所述偏振合束器之前,调整所述第一路光信号的偏振态,使得所述第一 路光信号与所述至少四路光信号中的第三路光信号在所述偏振合束器中能被 合并成一路光信号;
所述第二偏振态调整元件,用于在所述至少四路光信号中的第二路光信号 输入到所述偏振合束器之前,调整所述第二路光信号的偏振态,使得所述第二 路光信号与所述至少四路光信号中的第四路光信号在所述偏振合束器中能被 合并成一路光信号;
所述第一光路改变元件,用于改变所述第三路光信号和所述第四路光信号 的传播方向, 使其输入到所述偏振合束器中;
所述偏振合束器,用于将其接收到的第一路光信号和第三路光信号进行合 束,得到第五路光信号; 还用于将其接收到的第二路光信号和第四路光信号进 行合束, 得到第六路光信号;
所述第二光路改变元件,用于改变所述偏振合束器输出的所述第五路光信 号和所述第六路光信号中的任意一路光信号的传播方向,使其与另外一路光信 号在输入到所述合束器后能被所述合束器合并成一路光信号;
合束器,用于将其接收到的所述第五路光信号和所述第六路光信号合并成 一路光信号。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的光复用器, 其特征在于, 所述第一偏振态调整元件 和所述第二偏振态调整元件均具体为半波片。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的光复用器, 其特征在于, 所述光复用器还进一步包 括第三偏振态调整元件和第四偏振态调整元件;
所述第三偏振态调整元件,用于在所述第三路光信号输入到所述偏振合束 器之前,调整所述第三路光信号的偏振态,使得偏振态经调整后的所述第三路 光信号与偏振态经调整后的所述第一路光信号在所述偏振合束器中能被合并 成一路光信号; 所述第四偏振态调整元件,用于在所述第四路光信号输入到所述偏振合束 器之前,调整所述第四路光信号的偏振态,使得偏振态经调整后的所述第四路 光信号与偏振态经调整后的所述第二路光信号在所述偏振合束器中能被合并 成一路光信号。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的光复用器, 其特征在于, 所述第一偏振态调整元件 和第二偏振态调整元件为 1/4波片, 所述第三偏振态调整元件和第四偏振态调 整元件为 3/4波片。
5、 如权利要求 1至 4任一项所述的光复用器, 其特征在于, 还进一步包括: 第一准直元件, 用于在所述第一路光信号输入到所述偏振合束器之前,对 所述第一路光信号进行准直;
第二准直元件, 用于在所述第二路光信号输入到所述偏振合束器之前,对 所述第二路光信号进行准直;
第三准直元件, 用于在所述第三路光信号输入到所述偏振合束器之前,对 所述第三路光信号进行准直;
第四准直元件, 用于在所述第四路光信号输入到所述偏振合束器之前,对 所述第四路光信号进行准直。
6、 如权利要求 1至 4任一项所述的光复用器, 其特征在于, 还进一步包括 光隔离器, 所述光隔离器位于所述合束器之后, 并且位于所述合束器输出的一 路光信号所在的光路上。
7、 一种光复用器, 其特征在于, 用于将至少四路光信号复用成一路光信 号, 至少包括: 第一偏振态调整元件、 第二偏振态调整元件、 第一光路改变元 件、 第二光路改变元件、 第三光路改变元件、 第一偏振合束器、 第二偏振合束 器和合束器;
所述第一偏振态调整元件,用于在所述至少四路光信号中的第一路光信号 输入到所述偏振合束器之前,调整所述第一路光信号的偏振态,使得所述第一 路光信号与所述至少四路光信号中的第二路光信号在所述第一偏振合束器中 能被合并成一路光信号;
所述第二偏振态调整元件,用于在所述至少四路光信号中的第三路光信号 输入到所述偏振合束器之前,调整所述第三路光信号的偏振态,使得所述第三 路光信号与所述至少四路光信号中的第四路光信号在所述第二偏振合束器中 能被合成一路光信号;
第一光路改变元件, 用于改变所述第二路光信号的传播方向,使其输入到 所述第一偏振合束器中;
第二光路改变元件, 用于改变所述第四路光信号的传播方向,使其输入到 所述第二偏振合束器中;
所述第一偏振合束器,用于将其接收到的第一路光信号和第二路光信号进 行合束, 输出第五路光信号;
所述第二偏振合束器,用于将其接收到的第三路光信号和第四路光信号进 行合束, 输出第六路光信号;
所述第三光路改变元件用于改变所述第五路光信号和所述第六路光信号 中任意一路光信号的传播方向,使其与另外一路光信号在输入到所述合束器后 被所述合束器合成一路光信号;
所述合束器,用于将其接收到的所述第五路光信号和第六路光信号合成一 路光信号。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的光复用器, 其特征在于, 所述第一偏振态调整元件 和所述第二偏振态调整元件具体为半波片。
9、 如权利要求 7所述的光复用器, 其特征在于, 所述光复用器还进一步包 括第三偏振态调整元件和第四偏振态调整元件;
所述第三偏振态调整元件,用于在所述第二路光信号输入到所述偏振合束 器之前,调整所述第二路光信号的偏振态,使得偏振态经调整后的所述第二路 光信号与偏振态经调整后的所述第一路光信号在所述第一偏振合束器中能被 合并成一路光信号;
所述第四偏振态调整元件,用于在所述第四路光信号输入到所述偏振合束 器之前,调整所述第四路光信号的偏振态,使得偏振态经调整后的所述第四路 光信号与偏振态经调整后的所述第三路光信号在所述第二偏振合束器中能被 合并成一路光信号。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的光复用器, 其特征在于, 所述第一偏振态调整元 件和第二偏振态调整元件为 1/4波片, 所述第三偏振态调整元件和第四偏振态 调整元件为 3/4波片。
11、 如权利要求 7至 10任一项所述的光复用器, 其特征在于, 还进一步包 括:
第一准直元件, 用于在所述第一路光信号输入到所述偏振合束器之前,对 所述第一路光信号进行准直;
第二准直元件, 用于在所述第二路光信号输入到所述偏振合束器之前,对 所述第二路光信号进行准直;
第三准直元件, 用于在所述第三路光信号输入到所述偏振合束器之前,对 所述第三路光信号进行准直;
第四准直元件, 用于在所述第四路光信号输入到所述偏振合束器之前,对 所述第四路光信号进行准直。
12、 如权利要求 7至 10任一项所述的光复用器, 其特征在于, 还进一步包 括光隔离器, 所述光隔离器位于所述合束器之后, 并且位于所述合束器输出的 所述一路光信号所在光路上。
13、 一种光信号复用的方法, 其特征在于, 将至少四路光信号复用成一路 光信号, 包括:
调整所述至少四路光信号中的第一路光信号的偏振态,使得所述第一路光 信号与所述至少四路光信号中的第二路光信号能通过偏振复用被合并成一路 光信号; 调整所述至少四路光信号中的第三路光信号的偏振态,使得所述第三 路光信号与所述至少四路光信号中的第四路光信号能通过偏振复用被合并成 一路光信号;
通过偏振复用将偏振态经调整后的所述第一路光信号和所述第二路光信 号进行合束,输出第五路光信号; 通过偏振复用将偏振态经调整后的所述第三 路光信号和所述第四路光信号进行合束, 输出第六路光信号;
改变所述第五路光信号和所述第六路光信号中的任意一路光信号的传播 方向, 使其与另外一路光信号合成一路光信号。
14、 如权利要求 13所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法还进一步包括: 在通过偏振复用将偏振态经调整后的所述第一路光信号和所述第二路光 信号进行合束之前, 调整所述第二路光信号的偏振态,使得所述第二路光信号 的偏振态与偏振态经调整后的第一路光信号的偏振态相互正交; 在通过偏振复用将偏振态经调整后的所述第三路光信号和所述第四路光 信号进行合束之前,调整所述第四路光信号的偏振态,使得所述第四路光信号 的偏振态与偏振态经调整后的第三路光信号的偏振态相互正交。
15、如权利要求 13或 14所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还进一步包括: 在通过偏振复用将偏振态经调整后的所述第一路光信号和所述第二路光 信号进行合束之前, 对所述第一路光信号和所述第二路光信号进行准直;
在通过偏振复用将偏振态经调整后的所述第三路光信号和所述第四路光 信号进行合束之前, 对所述第三路光信号和所述第四路光信号进行准直。
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