WO2012083503A1 - 基于切伦科夫效应的断层成像方法和系统 - Google Patents

基于切伦科夫效应的断层成像方法和系统 Download PDF

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WO2012083503A1
WO2012083503A1 PCT/CN2010/002141 CN2010002141W WO2012083503A1 WO 2012083503 A1 WO2012083503 A1 WO 2012083503A1 CN 2010002141 W CN2010002141 W CN 2010002141W WO 2012083503 A1 WO2012083503 A1 WO 2012083503A1
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imaging
image
dimensional
cherenkov
optical
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French (fr)
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田捷
钟江宏
杨鑫
秦承虎
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Institute of Automation of Chinese Academy of Science
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Institute of Automation of Chinese Academy of Science
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Priority to CN201080059913.0A priority Critical patent/CN102741707B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2010/002141 priority patent/WO2012083503A1/zh
Priority to US13/519,863 priority patent/US9008397B2/en
Publication of WO2012083503A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012083503A1/zh
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01TMEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/22Measuring radiation intensity with Cerenkov detectors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T12/00Tomographic reconstruction from projections

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  • the present invention relates to an imaging system, and more particularly to a tomographic imaging system and method and system based on the Cherenkov effect. Background technique
  • the CLI quantitatively characterizes the nuclide plane profile and does not describe the depth information of the source in the body. In order to obtain depth information on the distribution of the core nucleus of the organism, Spindli et al.
  • Multi-spectral techniques are used to estimate the depth information of the source, but its essence is still single-view plane imaging; Li et al. (Opt. Lett. 2010, 35: 1109-1111 proposed Cherenkov fluorescence tomography (Cerenkov Luminescence Tomography, CLT) concept, and the realization of three-dimensional tomographic imaging of the nuclide distribution under the assumption of uniform medium model.
  • CLT Cherenkov Luminescence Tomography
  • DA diffusion approximation
  • the continuous Cherenkov spectrum is not only mainly located in the 300-700 nm band, but the energy distribution is inversely proportional to the square of the wavelength.
  • a method of tomographic imaging based on the Cherenkov effect comprises the steps of:
  • the planar optical image and the three-dimensional structure image acquired by the multi-angle are spatially registered to establish a mapping table of the geometric position relationship of the optical-microcomputer tomography; the planar optical image is based on the established geometric position mapping table.
  • the gray level intensity of each pixel point is converted into the light intensity and then mapped to the three-dimensional object body surface to form a body surface light signal intensity distribution map B;
  • the image of the acquired tomographic image is subjected to image segmentation processing, and each organ of the imaging object is segmented and given different pixel values;
  • the segmented volume data is discretized using a finite element method, and the volume grid is output;
  • step K If the target function value F K ⁇ V after the image update is iterated in step K , the iterative calculation is stopped, where V is the target threshold constant.
  • a tomography system based on the Cherenkov effect comprising: Cherenkov fluorescence detection device for acquiring planar optical images;
  • a structural imaging device for acquiring a three-dimensional structure image
  • a physical object imaging bed device for supporting an imaged object
  • the invention adopts a high-order simplified spherical harmonic approximation model and an iterative semi-threshold operator phase coupling method for global CLT reconstruction, and rapidly realizes three-dimensional tomographic imaging of radiopharmaceutical or molecular probe distribution in vivo. Since the present invention uses the conventional CCD detector to realize molecular nuclear medicine imaging, the imaging device and the imaging device such as PET/SPECT and y cameras greatly reduce the cost of equipment construction and maintenance, lower the threshold of nuclear medicine imaging research, and expand the optical molecular imaging probe. The space available for selection extends the range of optical molecular imaging research and applications. DRAWINGS
  • Figure 1 is a perspective structural view of the system of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a general structural diagram of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a Cerenkov fluorescence tomographic image reconstruction module of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a tomographic image reconstruction process according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a spatial position registration relationship diagram of optical and structural images according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional position of a medical isotope distribution intensity maximum body unit in a structural image of Cherenkov fluorescence tomographic reconstruction according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the Cherenkov fluorescence tomographic image of the embodiment of the present invention and three orthogonal cut charts showing the maximum value. detailed description
  • the present invention includes a Cerenkov Luminescence detecting device (101), a computer (109), and a black box (110), which relate to a structural imaging device (102 and 103) and a bed (104, 105). , 106, 107, 108), the physical object is supported on the bed body, for example, a human body, an animal or any imaged physical object, and the bed body is simply referred to as a small animal bed.
  • the Cerenkov fluorescence detection device (101) is a key component of the system of the present invention, including a CCD with a typical operating temperature of -110°.
  • the structural imaging device is a high-resolution micro-CT imaging system, which is orthogonal to the Cerenkov fluorescence detector on the air-cushion optical platform;
  • the black box (110) is single-sided by lead glass, The upper and lower bottom surfaces and the remaining three sides are closed squares composed of lead plates, the inner surface of which is covered with a layer of black professional paint;
  • the bottom of the black box (110) is provided with a zigzag circular hole with a diameter of 1 cm, allowing passage through the data line.
  • the Cerenkov fluorescence detecting device (202) is a rotatably selected band pass filter (205), a CCD device for performing Cerenkov optical signal-electric signal conversion, and an optical imaging controller ( 207).
  • the optical imaging controller (207) refers to a computer-connected communication that adjusts the center wavelength and bandwidth of the bandpass filter, the operating temperature of the CCD device, the frame rate of the data acquisition, the exposure time, the aperture opening and closing, and the optical system parameters of the aperture. Hardware controller.
  • the in-vivo small animal imaging bed device (203) includes a small animal support (208) for fixing an imaged object, a 360-degree rotating table (208) for three-dimensionally adjusting the position of the imaged object, and an orthogonal translation guide (211). ), and a small animal bed controller (212).
  • the small animal bed controller (212) is a hardware controller that communicates with the computer to automatically adjust the position of the three-dimensional space of the imaged object.
  • the structural imaging device micro-CT (204) includes an X-ray source (213), an X-ray detector (214), and a micro-CT controller (215).
  • the micro-CT controller (215) refers to a hardware controller that regulates the micro-CT imaging device and communicates with the computer.
  • the optical imaging controller (207) transmits the optical image acquired by the CCD to a computer (219) to obtain a planar optical image (216).
  • the Micro-CT controller (215) transmits the imaging object structure information acquired by the X-ray detector to the computer (219) to obtain a three-dimensional structure image (218).
  • the computer (219) outputs through the Cherenkov fluorescence image reconstruction process based on the planar optical image (216) and the three-dimensional structural image (218). Cherenkov fluorescence tomography image (217).
  • the computer (219) located outside the black box not only controls the entire imaging system, but also an execution module of image processing, and the output result image includes a planar optical image (216), a three-dimensional structure image (217), and a Cherenkov fluorescence tomographic image. (218).
  • the key part of the method of the present invention means that after the computer (301) acquires the planar optical image (302) and the three-dimensional structural image (303), the following steps can be taken to obtain Cerenkov.
  • Step 304 Perform spatial position registration on the optical image (302) collected by the multi-angle and the structural image (303) based on the fixed marker point, and establish a mapping table of the geometric position relationship of the optical-CT.
  • Step 305 Establish according to step 304.
  • the geometric position mapping table converts the gray intensity of each pixel of the planar optical image into light intensity (unit: number of photons / (mm 2 ⁇ s)) and maps to the surface of the three-dimensional small animal to form the surface light signal intensity Distribution map B;
  • Step 306 The collected micro-CT image is subjected to image segmentation processing, and the main organs of the imaged object are segmented and given different pixel values to distinguish, for example, the heart, kidney, liver, bone, muscle, bladder, etc. are usually segmented;
  • Step 307 Discretize the segmented volume data outputted in step 306 using a finite element method, and output a volume mesh, such as a commonly used tetrahedral mesh;
  • p (l- f )/
  • Step 311 If the target function value F K ⁇ V after the image update is iterated in step K , the iterative calculation is stopped, and the final reconstruction result image, Cherenkov fluorescence tomographic image (312), where V is the target threshold constant, is output.
  • the present invention is shown in Figure 4 using 2-fluoro-2-deoxy -D--glucose (18 F-FDG) into tomographic
  • the implementation steps are as follows: a 23g healthy female nu/nu nude mouse is in a 2% isoflurane medical anesthetic gas and sleeps peacefully.
  • the small animal CT contrast agent Fenestra LC 0.2ml and 11.1 MBq 18 F-FDG set in vivo micro-CT imaging system parameters, the scanning X-ray emitting source voltage is 50kV, power 50W, detector integration time 0.467s, the rotational speed of the turntable 1.07s, a single frame of the projected image size 1120x2344, the imaging time of a single frame 3.0s, 360 projections, CT scan after 30 minutes of drug injection to obtain three-dimensional structure image;
  • Set Cerenkov optical in-vivo imaging system parameters CCD exposure time is 3min, aperture pseudo 2.8, focal length 55mm, imaging object and The distance between the lenses is 15cm, the pixel combined value is 2, and the optical scanning is performed after 60 minutes of drug injection.
  • the optical filter is not used in the experiment.
  • the small animal turntable is imaged once every 90 degrees to obtain a planar optical image.
  • the CT imaging registration and fusion steps establish a surface intensity map B, where the surface triangle grid contains: 1934 nodes, 3899 patches; Dividing, can separate the kidney, bone, bladder, muscle and other tissues, wherein the geometric center position of the bladder is (34.7mm, 14.5mm, 5.0mm), and the surface mesh is discretized through the finite element mesh to establish a tetrahedron Grid, the number of nodes 3952, the number of sides 25778, the number of triangular patches 42471, the number of tetrahedrons 20844; According to the imaging method of the present invention, after the detected surface intensity distribution and the volume mesh are established, the weighting of the mixed spectrum is selected. Coefficients are used as optical property parameters of complex biological tissues to reconstruct CLT images and characterize the isotope distribution in vivo.
  • the spatial position registration is performed, and the registration distance between the optical mark point and the micro-CT mark point is displayed in the same image. error.
  • 601 indicates the kidney
  • 602 indicates the bone
  • 603 indicates the bladder
  • 604 indicates the tetrahedral unit having the largest fluorescence intensity value after CLT reconstruction
  • the 604 geometric center position is (34.4mm, 13.2mm, 4.7mm), located inside the bladder
  • 605 indicates muscle.
  • the CLT image obtained by applying the method of the present invention that is, the in-body distribution of 18 F-FDG
  • 309 indicates the position of the above three cutaway images in the CLT image
  • CLT reconstruction constant /7 125
  • the light intensity is normalized to the 0-1 range
  • the entire CLT image reconstruction time is less than 0.65 s; according to the micro-CT structural data analysis, and the FDG is uniformly distributed in the bladder light, etc.
  • the tomographic reconstruction error of the imaging method of the present invention is 1.4 mm.
  • the invention can realize in-vivo three-dimensional imaging of radiopharmaceuticals, and provides a low-cost molecular imaging tool for molecular nuclear medical imaging research and clinical application thereof.

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Description

基于切伦科夫效应的断层成像方法和系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种成像系统,特别是关于一种基于切伦科夫效应的断层 成像系统与方法和系统。 背景技术
切伦科夫荧光成像 (Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging, CLI)的出现为光 学成像应用到临床奠定技术基础。 2010年美国 A. Ruggiero等证实 (J. Nucl. Med. 2010,51: 1123-1130)利用高能 或者 α粒子在介质中高速运动过程产 生的切伦科夫辐射 (Cerenkov Emission)以及穿透至成像目标体表的可见光 子, 光学成像系统可以实现对医学同位素的在体成像。这意味着除了正电 子发射断层成像 (Positron Emission Tomography, PET)和单光子发射计算机 断层成像 (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography, SPECT)方式, 光 学成像己经成为一种分子核医学成像模态。
CLI 定量表征的是核素平面分布图, 不能描述光源在体内的深度信 息。 为了获取生物体内核素分布的深度信息, Spindli等 Me
2010,55:483~ 95)采用多光谱技术估算光源深度信息, 但其本质依然是单 视角平面成像; Li等 (Opt. Lett. 2010,35: 1109- 1111提出了切伦科夫荧光断 层成像 (Cerenkov Luminescence Tomography, CLT)概念,并实现了均匀介质 模型假设下的在体核素分布的三维断层成像。这两种成像方法的理论基础 都是扩散近似 (Diffusion Approximation, DA)假设。 实际上, 连续的切伦科 夫光谱不仅主要位于 300-700nm波段, 而且能量分布与波长的平方成反 比。复杂生物组织在这种蓝谱段占优的可见光穿透时表现出如下特性: 光 学散射系数与吸收系数的比值极有可能位于 10以内。 这时 DA模型不能 用来模拟光在生物组织中的传播。 为了提高 CLT成像质量, 我们已经提 出并证明了基于辐射传输方程 (Radiation Transport Equation, RTE)的三阶 简化球谐近似 (The Third-order Simplied Spherical Harmonics Approximation, SP3)前向模型能够更为真实地逼近切伦科夫光子在生物组织中传播的物 理现象。然而, 放射性药物的在体分布往往具有局部集中与总体稀疏的特 性。在重建方法上, 它需要一种能够实现多峰值与稀疏解并存的全域最优 解反演模型, 并成为 CLT成像技术难题。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种基于切伦科夫效应的断层成像系统和方法。 按照本发明的一方面, 一种基于切伦科夫效应的断层成像方法, 包括 步骤:
采集平面光学图像和三维结构图像;
基于固定标记点,将多角度采集的平面光学图像和三维结构图像进行 空间位置配准, 建立光学-微型计算机断层成像的几何位置关系的映射表; 基于建立的几何位置映射表,将平面光学图像的各个象素点的灰度强 度转化为光照强度后映射到三维对象体表, 形成体表光信号强度分布图 B;
将采集到的微型计算机断层成像的图像进行图像分割处理,分割出成 像对象的各个器官并赋予不同像素值;
对分割后的体数据使用有限元方法进行离散, 输出体网格;
基于有限元 SP3前向模型, 将已知的三维对象体表光信号强度分布 B 与体内未知的医学同位素分布 S之间建立线性关系映射表, B=AS,其中, A是前向模型输出的系统参数矩阵, B为 m维列向量, S是 n维列向量, 且 m是小于 n的正整数;
基于 L1/2正则化理论建立断层图像重建的每步迭代运算目标函数 F(S) = min{||B - AS||2 + p||S||1/2}, 其中 p = (1-^ )/||Α||2是正则化参数;
第 K+1步迭代更新体内同位素分布图 SK+1 = Hpq(TK(Sk)), TK(Sk) = SK + qKAT(B― ASK), 其中 K是正整数, qK = 4| TK \ ||A||2/3, H = (h(Sl), h(s2), ···, h(sn))T, h(s) = 2s(l + cos((2;r- 2^)/3))/3且 s>^(pq)3/2, h(s) = 0 且 s^ ^(pq)3/2, = arcos(O.125 pq(|s|/3)-3/2), 是实常数;
如果第 K步迭代图像更新后的目标函数值 FK<V, 则停止迭代计算, 其中 V是目标阈值常数。
按照本发明的另一方面, 一种基于切伦科夫效应的断层成像系统, 包 括: 切伦科夫荧光探测装置, 用于采集平面光学图像;
结构成像装置, 用于采集三维结构图像;
. 物理对象成像床体装置, 用于支撑成像对象;
计算机, 用于形成平面光学图像、三维结构图像和切伦科夫荧光断层 图像。
本发明采用高阶简化球谐近似模型和迭代半阈值算子相耦合的方法 进行全域 CLT重建, 快速实现放射性药物或分子探针体内分布的三维断 层成像。 由于本发明采用普通 CCD探测器实现分子核医学成像, 相对于 PET/SPECT和 y相机等成像装置大幅降低了设备建造与维护成本,降低了 核医学成像研究的门槛, 拓展了光学分子影像探针可供选择的空间, 延伸 了光学分子影像研究与应用的范围。 附图说明
图 1是本发明系统组成的立体结构图;
图 2是本发明总体组成结构图;
图 3是本发明的切伦科夫荧光断层图像重建模块实施方式流程图; 图 4是本发明实施案例的断层图像重建过程原理图;
图 5是本发明实施案例的光学与结构图像空间位置配准关系图; 图 6 是本发明实施案例的切伦科夫荧光断层重建的医学同位素分布 强度最大值体单元在结构图像中的三维位置示意图;
图 7 是本发明本发明实施案例的切伦科夫荧光断层图像及经过最大 值的三个正交切面图。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做详细的描述。
如图 1所示, 本发明包括切伦科夫荧光 (Cerenkov Luminescence)探测 装置 (101)、 计算机 (109)和暗箱 (110), 涉及结构成像装置 (102和 103)与床 体 (104、 105、 106、 107、 108), 床体上支撑物理对象, 例如, 人体、 动 物或任何被成像的物理对象, 床体简称为小动物床。切伦科夫荧光探测装 置 (101)是本发明的系统部分关键部件, 包括典型工作温度 -110° 的 CCD、 带宽 lOnm或 20nm的中心波长范围 500-650nm的带通滤波器组及相关光 学成像配件; 带通滤波片组装在一个步进电机驱动的旋转轴上, 共 6个通 光孔可供旋转选择检测不同波段的切伦科夫光子,其中一个通光孔未装光 学滤波片; 可以脱离成像系统的小动物支架 (104)被设计安装有 24个光学 与 micm-CT都可以辨识的直径 2mm的圆形标记点,其底盘含有螺钉并固 定在 360度旋转台 (105)上;小动物可以随着 3个步进电机独立驱动的 360 度旋转台 (105) 和正交平移导轨 (106、 107)的三维移动改变空间位置; 结 构成像装置是高分辨率 micro-CT成像系统, 与切伦科夫荧光探测器成正 交态势位于气垫式光学平台上;暗箱 (110)是单面由铅玻璃、上下两底面和 其余三个面由铅板组成的封闭式正方体, 其内表面覆盖一层黑色专业涂 料; 暗箱 (110)底部设有一个直径 1cm的曲折圆形孔道, 允许通过数据线 实现成像系统控制器与计算机之间的数据传输,并容纳一条医学麻醉气体 输送管。
如图 2所示,本发明所述的一种基于切伦科夫效应的断层成像方法结 合多模态成像装置的总体框架原理图。所述的切伦科夫荧光探测装置 (202) 是由可旋转选用的带通滤波片 (205)、 用于完成切伦科夫光信号-电信号转 换的 CCD器件、 和光学成像控制器 (207)。 光学成像控制器 (207)是指调节 带通滤波片中心波长与带宽、 CCD 器件的工作温度、 数据采集的帧频、 曝光时间、光圈开合与孔径等光学系统参数的与计算机相连接通信的硬件 控制器。 所述的在体小动物成像床体装置 (203)包括用于固定成像对象的 小动物支架 (208)、 用于三维调节成像对象位置的 360度旋转台 (208)和正 交平移导轨 (211)、 以及小动物床控制器 (212)。 小动物床控制器 (212)是自 动调节成像对象三维空间位置的与计算机相连接通信的硬件控制器。所述 的结构成像装置 micro-CT(204)包括 X射线光源 (213)、X射线探测器 (214)、 micro-CT控制器 (215)。 micro-CT控制器 (215)是指调节 micro-CT成像装 置并且与计算机相连接通信的硬件控制器。 光学成像控制器 (207)将 CCD 采集的光学图像传送给计算机 (219), 得到平面光学图像 (216)。 Micro-CT 控制器 (215)将 X射线探测器采集到的成像对象结构信息传送到计算机 (219), 得到三维结构图像 (218)。 所述的计算机 (219)通过切伦科夫荧光图 像重建流程, 在平面光学图像 (216)与三维结构图像 (218)的基础上, 输出 切伦科夫荧光断层图像 (217)。 因此, 位于暗箱外部的计算机 (219)不仅控 制着整个成像系统, 更是图像处理的执行模块, 输出结果图像包括平面光 学图像 (216)、 三维结构图像 (217)和切伦科夫荧光断层图像 (218)。
如图 3所示 (宽箭头表示信息流向), 本发明方法关键部分是指计算 机 (301)在采集平面光学图像 (302)和三维结构图像 (303)后, 经过如下步骤 可以获得切伦科夫荧光断层图像 (312):
步骤 304: 基于固定标记点, 将多角度采集的光学图像 (302)与结构图 像 (303)进行空间位置配准, 建立光学 -CT的几何位置关系一一映射表; 步骤 305: 依照步骤 304建立的几何位置映射表, 将平面光学图像各 像素点的灰度强度转化为光照强度 (单位: 光子个数 /(mm2 · s)) 后映射 到三维小动物体表, 形成体表光信号强度分布图 B;
步骤 306: 采集到的 micro-CT图像经过图像分割处理, 分割出成像 物体各个主要器官并赋予不同像素值以示区分, 例如, 通常分割出心脏、 肾、 肝、 骨骼、 肌肉、 膀胱等;
步骤 307: 对步骤 306输出的分割后体数据使用有限元方法离散, 输 出体网格, 例如经常使用的四面体网格;
步骤 308: 基于有限元 SP3前向模型, 就已知的小动物体表光信号强 度分布图 B 与体内未知的医学同位素分布 S 之间建立线性关系映射表 B=AS, 从数学角度分析, A是前向模型输出的系统参数矩阵、 B为 m维 列向量、 S是 n维列向量, 且 m是小于 n的正整数;
步骤 309: 基于 L1/2正则化理论建立断层图像重建的每步迭代运算目 标函数 F(S) = min{||B - AS||2 + p||S||1/2},其中 p = (l- f )/||A||2是正则化参数; 步骤 310: 第 K+1步迭代更新体内同位素分布图 SK+1 = Hpq(TK(Sk)), TK(Sk) = SK + qKAT(B— ASK),其中 K是正整数, qK = 4| TK \m ||A||2/3, H = (h(s , h(s2), ···, h(sn))T, h(s) = 2s(l + cos((2^- 2^)/3))/3且 s>/7(pq)3/2, h(s) = 0 且 s 77(pq)3/2, ^= arcos(0.125 pq(|s|/3y3/2), ;7是常实数;
步骤 311 : 如果第 K步迭代图像更新后的目标函数值 FK<V, 则停止 迭代计算, 输出最终重建结果图像, 切伦科夫荧光断层图像 (312), 其中 V 是目标阈值常数。
如图 4所示,本发明中使用 2-氟 -2-脱氧 -D-葡萄糖 (18F-FDG)进行断层成 像实施步骤如下:一只体重 23g健康雌性 nu/nu型裸鼠处于 2%异氟垸医学麻 醉气体中平静沉睡, 经过尾静脉注射小动物 CT造影剂 Fenestra LC 0.2ml和 11.1 MBq 18F-FDG; 设置 micro-CT在体成像系统参数, X光发射源的扫描 电压为 50kV, 功率 50W, 探测器积分时间 0.467s, 转台转动速度为 1.07s, 单帧投影图像大小 1120x2344, 单帧成像时间为 3.0s, 投影数 360个, 在药 剂注射 30min后进行 CT扫描, 获得三维结构图像; 设置切伦科夫光学在体 成像系统参数, CCD曝光时间是 3min, 光圈伪 2.8, 焦距 55mm, 成像物 体与镜头之间的距离为 15cm, 像素合并值 2, 在药剂注射 60min后进行光 学扫描,实验中未采用光学滤波片,小动物转台每隔旋转 90度后成像一次, 获得平面光学图像; 经过光学 -CT成像配准与融合步骤, 建立体表光强分 布图 B, 其中表面三角网格含: 1934个节点, 3899个面片; 经过体数据分 割, 可以分离出肾、 骨、 膀胱、 肌肉等组织, 其中膀胱的几何中心位置为 (34.7mm, 14.5mm, 5.0mm),将上述表面网格经过有限元体网格离散化,建 立四面体网格, 节点数 3952, 边数 25578, 三角形面片数 42471, 四面体数 20844; 根据本发明成像方法, 在探测得到的体表光强分布与体网格建立 后, 选用混合光谱对应的加权系数作为复杂生物组织的光学特性参数, 重 建出 CLT图像, 表征在体医学同位素分布。
如图 5所示, 在应用本发明所述装置采集的多角度平面光学图像的基 础上, 经过空间位置配准, 同一幅图像中显示建立光学标记点与 micro-CT 标记点之间配准距离误差。
如图 6所示, 在应用本发明方法得到的分割后结构图像, 601指示着肾 脏, 602指示着骨骼, 603指示着膀胱, 604指示着 CLT重建后获得荧光强 度值最大的四面体单元,且 604几何中心位置为 (34.4mm, 13.2mm, 4.7mm), 位于膀胱内部, 605指示着肌肉。
如图 7所示, 在应用本发明方法得到的 CLT图像, 即 18F-FDG的在体分 布, 306指示着 CLT图像的 X = 34.4mm时的切面图, 307指示着 CLT图像的 Y = 13.2mm时的切面图, 308指示着 CLT图像的 Z = 4.7mm时的切面图, 309 指示着上述三个切面图在 CLT图像中的位置; CLT重建常数 /7 = 125; 在 CLT的切片图中, 光照强度归一化到 0-1范围; 整幅 CLT图像重建时间小于 0.65s; 依照 micro-CT结构数据分析, 并假设 FDG在膀胱光中均匀分布, 等 效于在体均匀光源, 本发明的成像方法断层成像重建误差是 1.4mm。 本发明可以实现放射性药物的在体三维成像,为分子核医学成像研究 及其临床应用提供一种低成本分子影像工具。
尽管为说明目的公开了本发明的具体实施案例与附图,辅助理解本发 明的内容并据以实施, 但是专业技术人员可以理解: 在不脱离本发明及所 附的权利要求的精神与范围内, 各种替换和修改都是可能的。 因此, 本发 明不应该局限于最佳实施案例和附图所公开的内容,本发明要求保护的范 围以权利要求书界定的范围为准。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种基于切伦科夫效应的断层成像方法, 包括步骤:
采集平面光学图像和三维结构图像;
基于固定标记点,将多角度采集的平面光学图像和三维结构图像进行 空间位置配准, 建立光学-微型计算机断层成像的几何位置关系的映射表; 基于建立的几何位置映射表,将平面光学图像的各个象素点的灰度强 度转化为光照强度后映射到三维对象体表, 形成体表光信号强度分布图 B;
将采集到的微型计算机断层成像的图像进行图像分割处理,分割出成 像对象的各个器官并赋予不同像素值;
对分割后的体数据使用有限元方法进行离散, 输出体网格;
基于有限元 SP3前向模型, 将已知的三维对象体表光信号强度分布 B 与体内未知的医学同位素分布 S之间建立线性关系映射表, B=AS,其中, A是前向模型输出的系统参数矩阵, B为 m维列向量, S是 n维列向量, 且 m是小于 n的正整数;
基于 L1/2正则化理论建立断层图像重建的每步迭代运算目标函数 F(S) = min{||B - AS||2 + p||S||1/2}, 其中 p = (1-^ )/||Α||2是正则化参数;
第 K+1步迭代更新体内同位素分布图 SK+1 = Hpq(TK(Sk)), TK(Sk) = SK + qKAT(B - ASK), 其中 K是正整数, qK = 4| Τκ |3/2 ||Α||2/3, Η = (h(Sl), h(s2),…, h(sn))T, h(s) = 2s(l + cos((2^- 2^)/3))/3且 s>^(pq)3/2, h(s) = 0 且 s^ ^(pq) 3/2, = arcos(O.125 pq(|s|/3)-3/2), ;7是实常数;
如果第 K步迭代图像更新后的目标函数值 FK<V, 则停止迭代计算, 其中 V是目标阈值常数。
2. —种基于切伦科夫效应的断层成像系统, 包括:
切伦科夫荧光探测装置, 用于采集平面光学图像;
结构成像装置, 用于采集三维结构图像;
物理对象成像床体装置, 用于支撑成像对象;
计算机, 用于形成平面光学图像、三维结构图像和切伦科夫荧光断层 图像。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的系统, 其特征在于所述切伦科夫荧光断层 图像是根据权利要求 1所述的方法实现的。
4. 根据权利要求 2所述的系统, 其特征在于所述切伦科夫荧光探测 装置包括低温 CCD。
5. 根据权利要求 2所述的系统, 其特征在于所述成像对象包括人体 或小动物。
6. 根据权利要求 2所述的系统, 其特征在于所述切伦科夫荧光探测 装置包括:
光学成像控制器,用于控制可旋转选用的带通滤波器和完成切伦科夫 光信号电信号转换的 CCD器件。
7. 根据权利要求 2所述的系统, 其特征在于所述物理对象成像床体 装置包括:
物理对象床体控制器, 用于控制固定成像对象的小动物支架、用于三 维调节成像对象位置的 360度旋转台和正交平移导轨。
8. 根据权利要求 2所述的系统, 其特征在于所述结构成像装置包括: 结构成像控制器, 用于调节 X射线光源和 X射线探测器。
9. 根据权利要求 2所述的系统, 其特征在于切伦科夫荧光探测装置 和结构成像装置成正交态势位于气垫式光学平台上。
10. 根据权利要求 2所述的系统, 其特征在于还包括暗箱, 用于容纳 切伦科夫荧光探测装置、 结构成像装置、 物理对象成像床体装置。
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