WO2012079878A2 - Peptides se liant au hla dérivés de molécules antigéniques associées à la prostate et procédés d'utilisation associés - Google Patents

Peptides se liant au hla dérivés de molécules antigéniques associées à la prostate et procédés d'utilisation associés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012079878A2
WO2012079878A2 PCT/EP2011/070024 EP2011070024W WO2012079878A2 WO 2012079878 A2 WO2012079878 A2 WO 2012079878A2 EP 2011070024 W EP2011070024 W EP 2011070024W WO 2012079878 A2 WO2012079878 A2 WO 2012079878A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
seq
hla
peptides
peptide
composition
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PCT/EP2011/070024
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English (en)
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WO2012079878A3 (fr
Inventor
Toni Weinschenk
Peter Lewandrowski
Hans-Georg Rammensee
Stefan Stevanovic
Cécile GOUTTEFANGEAS
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Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh
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Priority claimed from PCT/EP2010/069675 external-priority patent/WO2011073215A2/fr
Priority to JP2013543601A priority Critical patent/JP6032853B2/ja
Priority to US13/993,291 priority patent/US9023804B2/en
Priority to EA201300693A priority patent/EA201300693A1/ru
Priority to KR1020137018147A priority patent/KR20130126671A/ko
Priority to AU2011344652A priority patent/AU2011344652B2/en
Application filed by Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh filed Critical Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh
Priority to EP11782613.1A priority patent/EP2651434A2/fr
Priority to NZ60991611A priority patent/NZ609916A/en
Priority to SG2013045737A priority patent/SG191154A1/en
Priority to CN201180059274.2A priority patent/CN103547283A/zh
Priority to CA2821582A priority patent/CA2821582A1/fr
Priority to MX2013006758A priority patent/MX2013006758A/es
Publication of WO2012079878A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012079878A2/fr
Publication of WO2012079878A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012079878A3/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/08—Peptides having 5 to 11 amino acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
    • A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/46—Cellular immunotherapy
    • A61K39/461—Cellular immunotherapy characterised by the cell type used
    • A61K39/4615—Dendritic cells
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/46—Cellular immunotherapy
    • A61K39/462—Cellular immunotherapy characterized by the effect or the function of the cells
    • A61K39/4622—Antigen presenting cells
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/46—Cellular immunotherapy
    • A61K39/464—Cellular immunotherapy characterised by the antigen targeted or presented
    • A61K39/4643—Vertebrate antigens
    • A61K39/4644—Cancer antigens
    • A61K39/464493—Prostate associated antigens e.g. Prostate stem cell antigen [PSCA]; Prostate carcinoma tumor antigen [PCTA]; Prostatic acid phosphatase [PAP]; Prostate-specific G-protein-coupled receptor [PSGR]
    • A61K39/464495—Prostate specific membrane antigen [PSMA]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
    • A61P13/08—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the prostate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
    • C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
    • C07K14/4701—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
    • C07K14/4748—Tumour specific antigens; Tumour rejection antigen precursors [TRAP], e.g. MAGE
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
    • A61K2039/55511—Organic adjuvants
    • A61K2039/55566—Emulsions, e.g. Freund's adjuvant, MF59

Definitions

  • compositions for immunotherapeutic treatment of prostate cancer are disclosed. More specifically methods of treating patients with prostate cancer comprising administering compositions comprising HLA-binding peptides derived from prostate-associated antigenic molecules, either with or without immunological adjuvants, are disclosed.
  • Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men with a reported incidence of 346,000 patients and approximately 87,000 deaths in Europe in 2006. It is the most common cancer diagnosis and the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in men in the United States. Because of the increasing sensitivity of prostate specific antigen (PSA) monitoring assays, prostate cancer is detected at an earlier and clinically localized stage, in which curative treatments like surgery and radiation can be performed. Nevertheless, these patients have a 10- 60% chance of experiencing an asymptomatic increase of PSA within 10 years, known as a "biochemical relapse.” Biochemical relapse often indicates a hidden local recurrence of the cancer or the onset of still undetectable metastases.
  • PSA prostate specific antigen
  • both treatments are hampered by a number of side effects, including the increased risk of cardiovascular difficulties, osteoporosis, weight gain, neurocognitive decline, development of urethral strictures, loss of libido and impotence, the risk of a reduction in skeletal calcium salts in terms of osteoporosis, and a markedly increased risk of pathologic bone fractures.
  • androgen deprivation permits early development of androgen- independent neoplastic clones, ultimately resulting in further and faster long-term tumor progression.
  • the optimal timing for initiation of androgen deprivation therapy is debated, particularly for biochemical relapses characterized by low PSA values or long mean doubling times (DT's). Given these risks, both androgen deprivation therapy and external radiotherapy are of questionable therapeutic value for patients experiencing an early biochemical relapse.
  • TAAs Tumor associated antigens
  • Numerous TAAs specific for a variety of different tumor and tissue types have been identified, including those associated with the prostate.
  • the present disclosure relates to compositions for immunotherapeutic use and methods of use thereof.
  • the present disclosure relates to the immunotherapy of cancer and more particularly, prostate cancer, and even more particularly, androgen-sensitive prostate cancer in patients with early biochemical relapse who have not received androgen deprivation therapy.
  • the present disclosure further relates to compositions of HLA-binding peptides of both HLA class I and class II, said HLA-binding peptides being derived from prostate-associated antigenic molecules, such as prostate specific antigen, prostate stem cell antigen, prostate specific membrane antigen, survivin, prostein, and transient receptor potential- p8 ("TRP-p8").
  • compositions comprising at least one HLA-binding peptide, wherein said HLA-binding peptide comprises an epitope derived from a prostate-associated antigenic molecule.
  • compositions comprising at least one HLA-binding peptide, wherein said HLA-binding peptide comprises an epitope derived from a prostate-associated antigenic molecule selected from the group consisting of: prostate specific antigen; prostate stem cell antigen; prostate specific membrane antigen; survivin;
  • prostein prostein
  • transient receptor potential-p8 transient receptor potential
  • a particularly preferred aspect of the invention relates to a composition comprising least two HLA-binding peptides, wherein: (a) at least one of the at least two HLA- binding peptides is a peptide comprising an epitope according to SEQ ID NO: 23 or a fusion protein of SEQ ID NO: 23 which comprises the 80 N-terminal amino acids of the HLA-DR antigen-associated invariant chain, and (b) at least one of the at least two peptides is a peptide comprising an epitope selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13 to SEQ ID NO: 22, and SEQ ID NO: 24 to SEQ ID NO: 42.
  • composition according to the invention comprises at least two peptides consisting of amino acid sequences according to group b).
  • compositions according to the invention comprising at least two peptides, preferably at least four peptides and more preferably ten peptides, consisting of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 23, and a peptide selected from the group of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13, and SEQ ID NO: 14, and at least one peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 15 to SEQ ID NO: 22, and SEQ ID NO: 24 to SEQ ID NO: 42.
  • composition according to the invention wherein the additional peptide is selected according to the HLA set of the subject to be treated.
  • composition according to the invention, wherein said composition comprises at least four peptides consisting of the amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 23, and a peptide selected from the group of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13, and SEQ ID NO: 14, and at least one peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 15 to SEQ ID NO: 22, and SEQ ID NO: 24 to SEQ ID NO: 42.
  • composition according to the invention wherein at least one of the peptides is a class II peptide.
  • composition according to the invention further comprising an immunological adjuvant or a mixture of two or three immunological adjuvants, such as, for example, GMCSF and Imiquimod.
  • an immunological adjuvant or a mixture of two or three immunological adjuvants such as, for example, GMCSF and Imiquimod.
  • composition according to the invention wherein said
  • immunological adjuvant comprises a Toll-like receptor agonist, for example a Toll-like receptor- 7 agonist.
  • composition according to the invention containing at least one antigen presenting cell, for example a dendritic cell, such as an autologous dendritic cell which is pulsed or loaded with a peptide.
  • a dendritic cell such as an autologous dendritic cell which is pulsed or loaded with a peptide.
  • composition according to the invention for use in the treatment of prostate cancer.
  • Preferred is a composition according to the invention, wherein said prostate cancer is androgen sensitive and the patient has not received androgen deprivation therapy.
  • composition according to the invention wherein said prostate cancer is androgen-insensitive.
  • Another aspect then relates to a method for treating prostate cancer, comprising administering to a patient an effective amount of the composition according to the invention.
  • compositions of the present disclosure comprise an epitope according to SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, or SEQ ID NO: 15 to SEQ ID NO: 23, or SEQ ID NO: 25 to SEQ ID NO: 40.
  • compositions comprise at least two HLA-binding peptides comprising an epitope derived from a prostate-associated antigenic molecule, wherein at least one of the at least two HLA-binding peptides is an HLA class I peptide; and at least one of the at least two HLA-binding peptides is an HLA class II peptide.
  • compositions comprising at least two HLA-binding peptides, wherein at least one of the HLA-binding peptides is an HLA class I peptide comprising an epitope selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, and SEQ ID NO: 11; and at least one of the HLA- binding peptides is an HLA class II peptide comprising an epitope selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • compositions comprising at least two HLA-binding peptides, wherein (a) at least one of the at least two HLA-binding peptides is a peptide comprising an epitope selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 15 to SEQ ID NO: 23, and SEQ ID NO: 25 to SEQ ID NO: 37, and (b) at least one of the at least two peptides is a peptide comprising an epitope selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 8 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, and SEQ ID NO: 38 to SEQ ID NO: 42.
  • compositions comprising at least two HLA-binding peptides, wherein at least one of the HLA-binding peptides is an HLA class I peptide consisting essentially of an epitope selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, and SEQ ID NO: 11; and at least one of the HLA-binding peptides is an HLA class II peptide consisting essentially of an epitope selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • compositions comprising at least two HLA-binding peptides, wherein at least one of the HLA-binding peptides is an HLA class I peptide consisting of an epitope selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, and SEQ ID NO: 11; and at least one of the HLA- binding peptides is an HLA class II peptide consisting of an epitope selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • compositions comprising at least two HLA-binding peptides, wherein at least one of the HLA-binding peptides is an HLA class I peptide binding to an allele other than HLA-A*02.
  • compositions comprising at least two HLA-binding peptides, wherein at least one of the HLA-binding peptides is an HLA class I peptide binding to an allele selected from the group of HLA-A*24, HLA-A* 11, HLA-B*41, HLA-B*51 or HLA-C.
  • compositions comprising at least six
  • HLA-binding peptides wherein: (a) at least one HLA-binding peptide comprises an epitope derived from prostate specific antigen; (b) at least one HLA-binding peptide comprises an epitope derived from prostate stem cell antigen; (c) at least one HLA-binding peptide comprises an epitope derived from prostate specific membrane antigen; (d) at least one HLA-binding peptide comprises an epitope derived from survivin; (e) at least one HLA-binding peptide comprises an epitope derived from prostein; and (f) at least one HLA-binding peptide comprises an epitope derived from transient receptor potential-p8.
  • compositions as described above wherein said composition comprises at least two peptides consisting of amino acid sequences according to group b).
  • compositions as described above comprising HLA-binding peptides according to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14 , SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:
  • compositions as described above, wherein said composition comprises the peptides consisting of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13, and SEQ ID NO: 14, and optionally at least one peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 15 to SEQ ID NO: 42.
  • compositions as described above, wherein said composition comprises at least two peptides, preferably at least four peptides and more preferably ten peptides, consisting of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14 and at least one peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 15 to SEQ ID NO: 42.
  • compositions as described above, wherein said composition comprises at least two peptides, preferably at least four peptides and more preferably ten peptides, consisting of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14 and at least one peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 15 to SEQ ID NO: 42, wherein the additional peptide is selected according to the HLA set of the subject to be treated.
  • compositions as described above, wherein said composition comprises at least four peptides consisting of the amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, and SEQ ID NO: 15 to SEQ ID NO: 42.
  • a further aspect of the disclosure relates to any of the previously described compositions, wherein at least one of the peptides is a class II peptide.
  • a further aspect of the disclosure relates to any of the previously described compositions further comprising an immunological adjuvant or a mixture of two or three immunological adjuvants, such as, for example, GMCSF and Imiquimod.
  • the immunological adjuvant can be any known immunological adjuvant, including Toll-like receptor-7 agonists imiquimod and mucin- 1-mRNA/protamine complex and the cytokine granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor ("GM-CSF").
  • An additional aspect of the disclosure relates to methods of treating prostate cancer comprising administering to a patient any of the compositions disclosed herein, either with or without an immunological adjuvant.
  • Said prostate cancer can be androgen sensitive, and the patient may have not received androgen deprivation therapy.
  • Another aspect of the disclosure then relates to a method of treating either androgen-sensitive or androgen-insensitive prostate cancer in a patient, said method comprising administering to the patient any of the previously described compositions, either with or without an immunological adjuvant.
  • Fig. 1 shows the various epitopes comprised by the HLA-binding peptides in the
  • HLA-binding peptide cocktail used in Example 1 including thirteen epitopes derived from prostate-associated antigenic molecules.
  • the epitopes according to SEQ ID NO: 1 through SEQ ID NO: 12 are HLA class I epitopes, namely, HLA-A*201 -restricted epitopes.
  • the epitopes according to SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14 are HLA class II epitopes.
  • Fig. 2 provides DT statistics for the study group as a whole. DT is indicated in months, "n” indicates the number of patients whose statistics were included in each category. "%” indicates the percentage of patients falling into each category. Patient 5's doubling time was not included in the calculation of the geometric mean or the range at the end of the study, owing to his the negative doubling time.
  • Fig. 3 shows the changes in DT prior to, during, and after treatment of patients with the HLA-binding cocktail used in Example 1.
  • a positive figure indicates a PSA doubling time, which means that the patient's PSA levels are increasing.
  • a negative figure indicates a PSA half-life, which means that the patient's PSA levels are decreasing.
  • Fig. 4 shows the clinical response to treatment as segregated by immunological adjuvant type. No clinical response is indicated by the "-" symbol.
  • Interim PSA decline or stability followed by accelerated rise of PSA is indicated by the "+ / -" symbol.
  • Interim PSA rise followed by PSA decline and increase of PSA DT is indicated by the "- / +” symbol.
  • Increase of PSA DT is indicated by the "+” symbol.
  • Fig. 5 shows PSA levels in patients receiving peptides in montanide, but no adjuvant or hyperthermia.
  • Fig. 6 shows PSA levels in patients receiving peptides in montanide, with mucin-
  • Fig. 7 shows PSA levels in patients receiving peptides in montanide, with hyperthermia.
  • Fig. 8 shows PSA levels in patients receiving peptides in montanide, with GM-
  • Fig. 9 shows PSA levels in patients receiving peptides in montanide, with imiquimod.
  • Fig. 10 shows changes in PSA value from baseline in percent at Day 84.
  • Fig. 11 shows change in PSA value in percent during vaccination.
  • Fig. 12 shows the number of patients having T-cells that are reactive to each peptide after vaccination.
  • Fig. 13 shows the specificities of CD4+ T cells derived from the PBMCs of patient number 15 and patient number 26 for the PSMA 459-473 epitope and the survivin 97-111 epitope.
  • PSMA the PSMA 459-473 epitope.
  • Surv the survivin 97-111 epitope.
  • Fig. 14 shows peptide reactivity of clone Pro26_l C.
  • PMA/ionomycin antigen- independent unspecific activation;
  • Survivin (II) stimulation with the survivin 97-111 epitope;
  • PSMA (II) stimulation with the PSMA 459-473 epitope. All reactive cells are CD4 positive.
  • Fig. 15 shows peptide reactivity of clone Prol5_10 O.
  • PMA/ionomycin antigen-independent unspecific activation
  • Survivin (II) stimulation with the survivin 97-111 epitope
  • PSMA (II) stimulation with the PSMA 459-473 epitope. All reactive cells are CD4 positive.
  • Fig. 16 characterizes the response of the CD4+ survivin-specific T-cell clone
  • Prol5_ "D” to dendritic cells primed with full-length survivin or the survivin 97-111 epitope Immature dendritic cells incubated with recombinant survivin protein or a the survivin 97-111 epitope are recognized by survivin-specific T-cells from vaccinated patients as shown by intracellular cytokine staining. These results suggest that survivin is naturally processed by proteinases within dendritic cells and that the survivin 97-111 epitope is not destroyed by processing.
  • CD4+ T-cells are multifunctional as they secrete cytokines IFN- gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-2, have surface expression of CD40 ligand (CD 154) and degranulate indicated by surface expression of CD 107a.
  • CD40 ligand CD 154
  • the indicated T-cell response is antigen-specific, as the T-cells are not activated by dendritic cells incubated with the irrelevant protein RAP80, or HIV-001 peptide.
  • Fig. 17 shows the response of the CD4+ survivin-specific T-cell clone Pro26-10-
  • dendritic cells primed with full-length survivin, survivin 97-111 epitope, or the PSMA 459- 473 epitope are recognized by antigen-specific T-cells from vaccinated patients as shown by intracellular cytokine staining. Although responsive to both survivin and PSMA epitopes, the T cell response was stronger in response to stimulation with survivin epitopes.
  • CD4+ T-cells are multifunctional as they secrete cytokines IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-2, have surface expression of CD40 ligand (CD 154) and degranulate indicated by surface expression of CD 107a.
  • CD40 ligand CD 154
  • the indicated T-cell response is antigen-specific, as the T- cells are not activated by dendritic cells incubated with the irrelevant protein RAP80.
  • Fig. 18 shows the response of the CD4+ survivin-specific T-cell clone Pro26-10-
  • Fig. 19 shows the response of the CD4+ survivin-specific T-cell clone Pro26-10-
  • Fig. 20 shows the response of the CD4+ PSMA-specific T-cell clone Pro26-10-D to dendritic cells primed with full-length survivin, survivin 97-111 epitope, full length PSMA, or the PSMA 459-473 epitope.
  • Immature dendritic cells incubated with PSMA 459-473 epitope are recognized by antigen-specific T-cells from vaccinated patients as shown by intracellular cytokine staining.
  • These CD4+ T-cells are multifunctional as they secrete cytokines IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-2, have surface expression of CD40 ligand (CD 154) and degranulate indicated by surface expression of CD 107a.
  • the indicated T-cell response is antigen-specific, as the T- cells are not activated by dendritic cells incubated with the survivin or the survivin 97-111 epitope.
  • Fig. 21 shows that several tumor cell lines expressing different HLA-DR alleles are recognized by patient-derived PBMCs (shown for the patients Pro26 and Prol5). Patients develop multi-clonal T-cell responses after vaccination with survivin 97-111.
  • Survivin 97-111 shows promiscuous binding to several HLA class II alleles: DR1; (see also Wang et al.); DQ5 (not tested by Wang et al); DR11 (see also Wang et al.); or DRB3 (in contrast to Wang et al., 2008, Table 1). Functional presentation of survivin 97-111 is possible in the context of several HLA class II molecules (TNF-alpha production).
  • HLA class I HLA- A, -B, C
  • HLA-DQ functional class II molecules on the cell surface
  • HLA-DP functional class II molecules on the cell surface
  • Class I molecules are composed of a heavy chain (-A, -B, -C) and a beta-2-microglobulin that is constant in all three genes.
  • class II molecules are composed of two each of variable chains (alpha and beta).
  • serologic types are given, which are based on antibody binding.
  • DQ3 for example comprises different alleles of HLA-DQ alpha and beta chains that are commonly found together and react with a particular antibody.
  • Stimulation of an immune response is dependent upon the presence of antigens recognized as foreign by the host immune system.
  • various antigens that are (1) expressed specifically in prostate tissue or prostate tumors; and (2) are recognized by T-cells have successfully been identified.
  • Such antigens are capable of stimulating T-cells and inducing antigen-specific T-cell responses to prostate cancer cells when they are expressed as a complex of HLA molecule and peptide on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), ultimately leading to tumor cell lysis.
  • APCs antigen-presenting cells
  • various epitopes of the protein survivin have been recognized as prostate TAAs.
  • the discovery and characterization of TAAs specific for prostate has now raised the possibility of using a host's immune system to intervene in tumor growth.
  • Various mechanisms of harnessing both the humoral and cellular arms of the immune system are currently explored for cancer immunotherapy.
  • CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells CTL
  • CD8+ T-cells which recognize class I molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-bearing peptides of usually 8 to 10 residues derived from proteins or defect ribosomal products (DRIPS) located in the cytosol, play an important role in this response.
  • MHC major histocompatibility complex
  • DRIPS defect ribosomal products
  • MHC major histocompatibility complex
  • HLA human leukocyte antigen
  • MHC class I MHC class I molecules that can be found on most cells having a nucleus which present peptides that result from proteolytic cleavage of mainly endogenous, cytosolic or nuclear proteins, DRIPS, and larger peptides.
  • DRIPS cytosolic or nuclear proteins
  • peptides derived from endosomal compartments or exogenous sources are also frequently found on MHC class I molecules. This non-classical way of class I presentation is referred to as cross-presentation in literature.
  • MHC class II molecules can be found predominantly on professional antigen presenting cells (APCs), and present predominantly peptides of exogenous proteins that are taken up by APCs during the course of endocytosis, and are subsequently processed.
  • APCs professional antigen presenting cells
  • class I alternative ways of antigen processing are described that allow peptides from endogenous sources to be presented by MHC class II molecules (e.g. autophagocytosis).
  • CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes bearing the appropriate TCR
  • CD4-positive helper T-cells bearing the appropriate TCR.
  • HLA class I molecules are found on every nucleated cell of the body and function to display fragments of cytosolic proteins to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells ("CTLs").
  • CTLs cytotoxic T cells
  • the proteins are cleaved in proteasomes, and the resulting peptides are transported out of the cytosol into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and are bound to HLA class I molecules.
  • the complex between the antigen and the HLA-class I molecule is then transported to the cell surface where the antigen can be presented to CTLs. Presentation of the antigen to CTL induces a cascade eventually leading to expansion of antigen-specific CTLs that directly kill cells have the antigen/HLA complex bound to their surface.
  • HLA-class I molecules typically are derived from endogenous intracellular protein molecules, there are indications that exogenous antigens taken up by the cell by macropinocytosis or phagocytosis can also be presented.
  • an antigen-specific CTL response can be induced by immunizing the host directly with polypeptides containing an HLA-class I specific epitope.
  • HLA-class II molecules are found almost exclusively on professional antigen-presenting cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells.
  • Professional APCs endocytose extra-cellular proteins by the professional APC, digested in lysosomes, and bound by the HLA-class II molecule prior to the molecule's migration to the plasma membrane.
  • HLA-class Il-bound peptides are presented to CD4+ T helper cells ("T helper cells").
  • T helper cells do not have any direct cytotoxic or phagocytic activity and thus do not directly kill infected or dysfunctional host cells, but instead function by inducing or augmenting the response of other immune system components to the infected or dysfunctional cell.
  • activation of CD4+ T cells can lead to locally increased levels of interferon-gamma (IFNy).
  • IFNy interferon-gamma
  • CD4-positive helper T-cells play an important role in orchestrating the effector functions of anti-tumor T-cell responses and for this reason the identification of CD4-positive T- cell epitopes derived TAAs may be of great importance for the development of pharmaceutical products for triggering anti-tumor immune responses. It has been shown in mammalian animal models that local secretion of interferon-gamma ⁇ by T helper cells can inhibit tumor development via inhibition of angiogenesis, even in the absence of CTLs. See Qin, Z. and T. Blankenstein. CD4+ T-cell ⁇ mediated tumor rejection involves inhibition of angiogenesis that is dependent on IFN gamma receptor expression by non-hematopoietic cells. Immunity.
  • T helper cells that recognize TAAs presented by HLA class II molecules can counteract tumor progression via the induction of an antibody response (Kennedy, R.C., M.H. Shearer, A.M. Watts, and R.K. Bright. CD4+ T lymphocytes play a critical role in antibody production and tumor immunity against simian virus 40 large tumor antigen. Cancer Res. 2003, 63 : 1040-1045).
  • HLA class II-binding TAAs In contrast to HLA class I-binding TAAs, only a small number of HLA class II- binding TAAs have been described so far (www.cancerimmunity.org, www.syfpeithi.de). Since the constitutive expression of HLA class II molecules is usually limited to cells of the immune system, the possibility of isolating class II peptides directly from primary tumors was not considered possible. However, a number of MHC class II epitopes have recently been identified directly from tumors.
  • MHC class II molecules EP 1642905, EP 1760088; Dengjel J, Nastke MD, Gouttefangeas C, Gitsioudis G, Schoor O, Altenberend F, Miiller M, Kramer B, Missiou A, Sauter M, Hennenl otter J, Wernet D, Stenzl A, Rammensee HG, Klingel K, Stevanovic S.;
  • MHC-class-I-binding peptides are usually 8-10 amino acid residues in length and usually contain two conserved residues
  • each MHC allele has a "binding motif determining which peptides can bind specifically to the binding groove (Rammensee HG, Bachmann J, Stevanovic S. MHC ligands and peptide motifs, Austin Bioscience, USA, 1997).
  • TCR T-cell receptors
  • the antigens that are recognized by the tumor specific T-lymphocytes can be molecules derived from all protein classes, such as enzymes, receptors, transcription factors, etc.
  • tumor-associated antigens for example, can also be present in tumor cells only, for example as products of mutated genes.
  • tissue-specific antigens such as CT ("cancer testis")-antigens that are expressed in different kinds of tumors and in healthy tissue of the testis.
  • tumor-associated antigens also referred to in the art as tumor-specific antigens
  • tissue specific antigens include, but are not limited to, tyrosinase for melanoma, PSA and PSMA for prostate cancer and chromosomal cross-overs (translocations) such as bcr/abl in lymphoma.
  • tumor-associated antigens identified occur in multiple tumor types, and some, such as oncogenic proteins and/or tumor suppressor genes (tumor suppressor genes are, for example reviewed for renal cancer in Linehan WM, Walther MM, Zbar B.
  • Effective or ineffective presentation determines the type and extent of the induced immune response, which can range from immunity to tolerance.
  • the CTL In order to stimulate a resting, naive CTL in an antigen-specific manner, the CTL must receive two signals from the antigen- presenting cell: one via the antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR), which interacts with an HLA/peptide complex, and a second via costimulatory factors (B7 molecules, ICAM-1, and other adhesion molecules) or cytokines (e.g., IL-2).
  • T lymphocytes receive only one of these signals, anergy of the T cell occurs.
  • Tumor cells are usually poor APCs because they do not possess costimulatory molecules and often exhibit only low HLA class I expression.
  • malignant cells often express cytokines or surface molecules that suppress an immune response directed at them. As such, the manner in which the TAA is presented to the T-cell is of considerable significance for induction of a tumor-specific immune response.
  • tumor-specific or -associated antigens For proteins to be recognized by CTL as tumor-specific or -associated antigens, and to be used in a therapy, particular prerequisites must be fulfilled.
  • the antigen should be expressed mainly by tumor cells and not by normal healthy tissues or in comparably small amounts. It is furthermore desirable, that the respective antigen is not only present in a type of tumor, but also in high concentrations (i.e. copy numbers of the respective peptide per cell).
  • Tumor-specific and tumor-associated antigens are often derived from proteins directly involved in transformation of a normal cell to a tumor cell due to a function e.g. in cell cycle control or apoptosis. Additionally, also downstream targets of the proteins directly causative for a transformation may be upregulated and thus be indirectly tumor-associated.
  • Such indirectly tumor-associated antigens may also be targets of a vaccination approach.
  • Essential is in both cases the presence of epitopes in the amino acid sequence of the antigen, since such peptide (“immunogenic peptide") that is derived from a tumor associated antigen should lead to an in vitro or in vivo T-cell-response.
  • any peptide able to bind a MHC molecule may function as a T-cell epitope.
  • a prerequisite for the induction of an in vitro or in vivo T-cell-response is the presence of a T-cell with a corresponding TCR and the absence of tolerance for this particular epitope.
  • T- helper cells play an important role in orchestrating the effector function of CTLs in anti-tumor immunity.
  • T-helper cell epitopes that trigger a T-helper cell response of the TH1 type support effector functions of CD8-positive killer T-cells, which include cytotoxic functions directed against tumor cells displaying tumor-associated peptide/MHC complexes on their cell surfaces. In this way tumor-associated T-helper cell peptide epitopes, alone or in combination with other tumor-associated peptides, can serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients of vaccine compositions which stimulate anti-tumor immune responses.
  • TAAs are known or they have been defined only for one particular HLA type.
  • numerous prostate-specific antigens and prostate carcinoma-associated antigens and peptides recognized by CTLs have successfully been identified. These TAAs are capable of stimulating T cells and inducing antigen-specific CTLs when they are expressed as a complex of HLA molecule and peptide on antigen-presenting cells.
  • the major task in the development of a tumor vaccine is therefore not only the identification and characterization of novel tumor associated antigens and immunogenic T-helper epitopes derived thereof, but also the combination of different epitopes to increase the likelihood of a response to more than one epitope for each patient.
  • compositions comprising at least one HLA-binding peptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of an epitope derived from a prostate- associated antigenic molecule.
  • HLA-binding peptide refers to any polypeptide that is capable of being bound by a human leukocyte antigen molecule of HLA class I or HLA class II.
  • epitope shall refer to an amino acid sequence that is sufficient to permit the molecule in which it is contained to be bound by a human leukocyte antigen molecule of HLA class I or HLA class II. Methods for identifying epitopes are known in the art.
  • prostate-associated antigenic molecule shall refer to any epitope-containing molecule that is differentially expressed in either (a) prostate tissue; or (b) prostate cancer cells.
  • Exemplary prostate-associated antigenic molecules include: prostate specific antigen, prostate stem cell antigen, prostate specific membrane antigen, survivin, prostein, and transient receptor potential-p8.
  • Exemplary epitopes derived from these prostate- associated antigenic molecules are shown at Fig. 1. However, any epitope derived from any prostate-associated antigenic molecule may be used.
  • the HLA-binding peptides disclosed herein can be modified by the substitution of one or more residues at different, possibly selective, sites within the peptide chain, if not otherwise stated.
  • substitutions may be of a conservative nature, for example, where one amino acid is replaced by an amino acid of similar structure and characteristics, such as where a hydrophobic amino acid is replaced by another hydrophobic amino acid. Even more conservative would be replacement of amino acids of the same or similar size and chemical nature, such as where leucine is replaced by isoleucine.
  • certain amino acid substitutions are more often tolerated than others, and these are often show correlation with similarities in size, charge, polarity, and hydrophobicity between the original amino acid and its replacement.
  • Conservative substitutions are herein defined as exchanges within one of the following five groups: Group 1 -small aliphatic, nonpolar or slightly polar residues (Ala, Ser, Thr, Pro, Gly); Group 2-polar, negatively charged residues and their amides (Asp, Asn, Glu, Gin); Group 3 -polar, positively charged residues (His, Arg, Lys); Group 4-large, aliphatic, nonpolar residues (Met, Leu, He, Val, Cys); and Group 5-large, aromatic residues (Phe, Tyr, Tip).
  • substitutions may involve structures other than the common L- amino acids.
  • D-amino acids might be substituted for the L-amino acids commonly found in the antigenic peptides disclosed and shall be encompassed by the disclosure herein.
  • amino acids possessing non-standard R groups i.e., R groups other than those found in the common 20 amino acids of natural proteins may also be used for substitution purposes to produce immunogens and immunogenic polypeptides according to the present disclosure.
  • substitutions at more than one position are found to result in a peptide with substantially equivalent or greater antigenic activity as defined below, then combinations of those substitutions will be tested to determine if the combined substitutions result in additive or synergistic effects on the antigenicity of the peptide. At most, no more than 4 positions within the peptide would simultaneously be substituted.
  • compositions comprising at least two HLA- binding peptides wherein at least one of the HLA-binding peptides is an HLA-class I peptide and at least one of the HLA-binding peptides is an HLA class II peptide.
  • HLA class I peptide shall refer to any polypeptide comprising an epitope that is capable of, or predicted to be capable of, being bound by a human leukocyte antigen molecule of HLA class I.
  • HLA class I peptides include HLA-A2-restricted peptides, which bind to specific alleles of the HLA-A2 serotype, including, but not limited to, HLA-A2 serotype molecules having HLA-A*0201, *0202, *0203, *0206, or *0207 alpha-chains.
  • HLA-class I peptides are SEQ ID NO: l, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, each of which is an HLA-A*201 -restricted peptide.
  • the present disclosure further provides peptides that stem from antigens associated with tumorigenesis, and have the ability to bind sufficiently to MHC (HLA) class II molecules for triggering an immune response of human leukocytes, especially lymphocytes, especially T lymphocytes, especially CD4-positive T lymphocytes, especially CD4-positive T lymphocytes mediating T H i-type immune responses.
  • HLA class II peptide shall refer to any polypeptide comprising an epitope that is capable of, or predicted to be capable of, being bound by a human leukocyte antigen molecule of HLA class II.
  • Exemplary "HLA class II peptides" are listed at Fig. 1 as SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • HLA-class II peptides are composed of a "core sequence" having a certain HLA-specific amino acid motif and, optionally, N- and/or C-terminal extensions which do not interfere with the function of the core sequence (i.e. are deemed as irrelevant for the interaction of the peptide and the T-cell).
  • the N- and/or C-terminal extensions can, for example, be between 1 to 10 amino acids in length, respectively.
  • These peptide can be used either directly to load HLA class II molecules or the sequence can be cloned into the vectors according to the description herein below. As these peptides form the final product of the processing of larger peptides within the cell, longer peptides can be used as well.
  • the HLA-class II peptides disclosed herein may be of any size, including but not limited to having a size of less than 100,000 Dalton in molecular weight, less than 50,000 Dalton in molecular weight, less than 10,000 Dalton in molecular weight, less than 5,000 Dalton in molecular weight, less than 2,500 Dalton in molecular weight, or from about 1000 to 2000 Dalton in molecular weight.
  • the peptides of the disclosure may, by way of example and not exclusion, have fewer than 1000 residues, fewer than 500 residues, or fewer than 100 residues.
  • compositions of peptides and variants thereof are disclosed wherein the peptide or variant has an overall length of from 8 to 100, 8 to 60 amino acids, from 8 to 30, and from 8 to 17, or wherein the peptide or variant has 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 amino acids.
  • the peptides have a core sequence selected from a group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14 with extensions of 1 to 10 amino acids on the C-terminal and/or the N-terminal, wherein the overall number of these flanking amino acids is 1 to 12, 1 to 10, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, 2 to 12, 2 to 10, 2 to 8, 2 to 6, 3 to 12, 3 to 10, 3 to 8, 3 to 6, 4 to 12, 4 to 10, 4 to 8, 4 to 6 , 5 to 12, 5 to 10, 5 to 8, 5 to 6, 6 to 12, 6 to 10, 6 to 8, 7 to 12, 7 to 10, 7 to 8, 8 to 12, 8 to 10, 9 to 12, 9 to 10, or 10 to 12, wherein the flanking amino acids can be distributed in any ratio to the C-terminus and the N-terminus (for example all flanking amino acids can be added to one terminus, or the amino acids can be added equally to both termini or in any other ratio), provided that the peptide is still able to bind to an HLA molecule in the same way as said peptide.
  • MHC class I epitopes although usually from 8 to 10 amino acids long, are generated by peptide processing from longer peptides or proteins that include the actual epitope.
  • the flanking residues of elongated precursor peptides upstream and/or downstream of the N- and C-terminus of the actual epitope may be chosen so that they neither substantially affect the presentation of the peptide to the CTL nor mask the sites for proteolytic cleavage necessary to yield the actual epitope mediated by processing of the elongated peptide.
  • the peptides have a core sequence consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 11 and SEQ ID NO: 15 to SEQ ID NO: 37 with extensions of 1 to 10 flanking amino acids on the C-terminal and/or the N-terminal.
  • flanking amino acids is 1 to 12, 1 to 10, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, 2 to 12, 2 to 10, 2 to 8, 2 to 6, 3 to 12, 3 to 10, 3 to 8, 3 to 6, 4 to 12, 4 to 10, 4 to 8, 4 to 6 , 5 to 12, 5 to 10, 5 to 8, 5 to 6, 6 to 12, 6 to 10, 6 to 8, 7 to 12, 7 to 10, 7 to 8, 8 to 12, 8 to 10, 9 to 12, 9 to 10, or 10 to 12, wherein the flanking amino acids can be distributed in any ratio to the C-terminus and the N- terminus (for example all flanking amino acids can be added to one terminus, or the amino acids can be added equally to both termini or in any other ratio), provided that the peptide is still able to bind to an HLA molecule in the same way as said peptide according to any of the of SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 12, and SEQ ID NO: 15 to SEQ ID NO: 40.
  • the present disclosure provides peptides and variants of MHC class I epitopes having an overall length from 8 to 100 amino acids, from 8 to 60 amino acids, from 8 to 30 amino acids, and from 8 to 18 amino acids, or having 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 or 17 amino acids.
  • the disclosed peptide or variant will have the ability to bind to a molecule of the human MHC class I or II. Binding of a peptide or a variant to a MHC complex may be tested by methods known in the art, for example those described in the examples of the present disclosure below or those described in the literature for different MHC class II alleles (e.g. Vogt AB, Kropshofer H, Kalbacher H, Kalbus M, Rammensee HG, Coligan JE, Martin R; Ligand motifs of HLA-DRB 5*0101 and DRB 1 * 1501 molecules delineated from self-peptides; J Immunol.
  • the peptide of the present disclosure is a fusion protein which comprises, for example, the 80 N-terminal amino acids of the HLA-DR antigen-associated invariant chain (p33, in the following "Ii") as derived from the NCBI, GenBank Accession-number X00497 (Strubin, M., Mach, B. and Long, E.O.
  • the complete sequence of the mRNA for the HLA-DR-associated invariant chain reveals a polypeptide with an unusual transmembrane polarity EMBO J. 3 (4), 869-872 (1984)).
  • the peptides have an overall length of from 8 to 100 amino acids, 8 to 60 amino acids, from 8 to 30 amino acids, and from 8 to 17 amino acids, or having 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16 amino acids.
  • the peptide or variant may be modified further to improve stability and/or binding to MHC molecules to elicit a stronger immune response. Methods for such an optimization of a peptide sequence are well known in the art and include, for example, the introduction of reverse peptide bonds or non-peptide bonds.
  • the disclosure provides a composition, wherein at least one peptide or variant includes non-peptide bonds.
  • Retro-inverse peptides containing NH-CO bonds instead of CO-NH peptide bonds, are much more resistant to proteolysis.
  • United States Patent 4,897,445 provides a method for the solid phase synthesis of non-peptide bonds (-CH 2 -NH) in polypeptide chains that involves polypeptides synthesized by standard procedures and the non-peptide bond synthesized by reacting an amino aldehyde and an amino acid in the presence of NaCNBH 3 .
  • Peptides comprising the sequences of the disclosure described above may be synthesized with additional chemical groups present at their amino and/or carboxy termini, to enhance, for example, the stability, bioavailability, and/or affinity of the peptides.
  • additional chemical groups such as carbobenzoxyl, dansyl, or t-butyloxycarbonyl groups may be added to the peptides' amino termini.
  • an acetyl group or a 9-fluorenylmethoxy-carbonyl group may be placed at the peptides' amino termini.
  • the hydrophobic group, t- butyloxycarbonyl, or an amido group may be added to the peptides' carboxy termini.
  • all peptides of the disclosure may be synthesized to alter their steric configuration.
  • the D-isomer of one or more of the amino acid residues of the peptide may be used, rather than the usual L-isomer.
  • at least one of the amino acid residues of the peptides of the disclosure may be substituted by one of the well known non- naturally occurring amino acid residues. Alterations such as these may serve to increase the stability, bioavailability and/or binding action of the peptides of the disclosure.
  • a peptide or variant of the disclosure may be modified chemically by reacting specific amino acids either before or after synthesis of the peptide. Examples for such modifications are well known in the art and are summarized e.g. in R. Lundblad, Chemical Reagents for Protein Modification, 3rd ed. CRC Press, 2005, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Chemical modification of amino acids includes but is not limited to, modification by acylation, amidination, pyridoxylation of lysine, reductive alkylation, trinitrobenzylation of amino groups with 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (T BS), amide modification of carboxyl groups and sulphydryl modification by performic acid oxidation of cysteine to cysteic acid, formation of mercurial derivatives, formation of mixed disulphides with other thiol compounds, reaction with maleimide, carboxymethylation with iodoacetic acid or iodoacetamide and carbamoylation with cyanate at alkaline pH, although without limitation thereto.
  • T BS 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid
  • peptides and variants may be synthesized e.g. using the Fmoc-polyamide mode of solid- phase peptide synthesis as disclosed by Lu et al (1981) J. Org. Chem. 46, 3433 and references therein.
  • Purification may be effected by any one, or a combination of, techniques such as recrystallisation, size exclusion chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography and (usually) reverse-phase high performance liquid
  • Analysis of peptides may be carried out using thin layer chromatography, electrophoresis, in particular capillary electrophoresis, solid phase extraction (CSPE), reverse- phase high performance liquid chromatography, amino-acid analysis after acid hydrolysis and by fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometric analysis, as well as MALDI and ESI-Q-TOF mass spectrometric analysis.
  • electrophoresis in particular capillary electrophoresis
  • CSPE solid phase extraction
  • FAB fast atom bombardment
  • a further aspect of the disclosure provides a nucleic acid (e.g. polynucleotide) encoding one of the disclosed peptides or variants.
  • the polynucleotide may be e.g. DNA, cDNA, PNA, CNA, RNA, either single- and/or double-stranded, or native or stabilized forms of polynucleotides, such as e.g. polynucleotides with a phosphorothiate backbone, or combinations thereof and it may or may not contain introns so long as it codes for the peptide.
  • a still further aspect of the disclosure provides an expression vector capable of expressing a polypeptide according to the disclosure. Expression vectors for different cell types are well known in the art and can be selected without undue experimentation.
  • the DNA is inserted into an expression vector, such as a plasmid, in proper orientation and correct reading frame for expression. If necessary, the DNA may be linked to the appropriate transcriptional and translational regulatory control nucleotide sequences recognized by the desired host, although such controls are generally available in the expression vector.
  • the vector is then introduced into the host through standard techniques that are well known in the art.
  • the composition comprises at least two peptides consisting essentially of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 11, and SEQ ID NO: 13 to SEQ ID NO: 40.
  • the composition comprises at least two peptides consisting essentially of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, and SEQ ID NO: 13 to SEQ ID NO: 40.
  • the composition comprises at least four peptides consisting essentially of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, and SEQ ID NO: 13 to SEQ ID NO: 40.
  • the composition comprises ten peptides consisting essentially of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, and SEQ ID NO: 13 to SEQ ID NO: 40.
  • the composition comprises at least two peptides, at least four peptides, or at least ten peptides, said peptides consisting essentially of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14, and at least one peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 38 BIR-002b FTELTLGEF derived from Survivin HLA-A1, SEQ ID NO: 39 BIR-002c LMLGEFLKL derived from Survivin HLA-A2, SEQ ID NO: 40 BIR-002d EPDLAQCFY derived from Survivin HLA-B35, BIR-002a SEQ ID NO: 41 TLGEFLKLDRERAKD derived from Survivin HLA-DR, and BIR-004 SEQ ID NO:42
  • the composition comprises at least two peptides, at least four peptides, or at least ten peptides, said peptides consisting essentially of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14, and at least one peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 38 BIR-002b FTELTLGEF derived from Survivin HLA-A1, SEQ ID NO: 39 BIR-002c LMLGEFLKL derived from Survivin HLA-A2, SEQ ID NO: 40 BIR-002d EPDLAQCFY derived from Survivin HLA-B35, BIR-002a SEQ ID NO: 41 TLGEFLKLDRERAKD derived from Survivin HLA-DR, and BIR-004 SEQ ID NO:42
  • ELTLGEFLKLDRERAKN derived from Survivin HLA-DR and HLA-A*02, wherein the additional peptide is selected according to the HLA set of the subject to be treated.
  • the composition comprises at least two peptides consisting of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 11 and SEQ ID NO: 13 to SEQ ID NO: 42.
  • the composition comprises at least two peptides consisting of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, and SEQ ID NO: 13 to SEQ ID NO: 42.
  • the composition comprises at least four peptides consisting of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, and SEQ ID NO: 13 to SEQ ID NO: 42.
  • the composition comprises ten peptides consisting of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, and SEQ ID NO: 13 to SEQ ID NO: 42.
  • the composition comprises at least 2 peptides, at least 4 peptides, or at least 10 peptides, said peptides consisting of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14, and at least one peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 38 BIR-002b FTELTLGEF derived from Survivin HLA-A1, SEQ ID NO: 39 BIR-002c LMLGEFLKL derived from Survivin HLA-A2, SEQ ID NO: 40 BIR-002d EPDLAQCFY derived from Survivin HLA-B35, BIR-002a SEQ ID NO: 41
  • TLGEFLKLDRERAKD derived from Survivin HLA-DR
  • BIR-004 SEQ ID NO:42
  • ELTLGEFLKLDRERAKN derived from Survivin HLA-DR and HLA-A*02.
  • the composition comprises at least 2 peptides, at least 4 peptides, or at least 10 peptides, said peptides consisting of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14 and at least one peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 38 BIR-002b FTELTLGEF derived from Survivin HLA-Al, SEQ ID NO: 39 BIR-002c LMLGEFLKL derived from Survivin HLA-A2, SEQ ID NO: 40 BIR-002d EPDLAQCFY derived from Survivin HLA-B35, BIR-002a SEQ ID NO: 41
  • TLGEFLKLDRERAKD derived from Survivin HLA-DR
  • BIR-004 SEQ ID NO:42 ELTLGEFLKLDRERAKN derived from Survivin HLA-DR and HLA-A*02, wherein the additional peptide is selected according to the HLA set of the subject in need.
  • the composition comprises at least two peptides consisting essentially of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 11, and SEQ ID NO: 13 to SEQ ID NO: 14, and SEQ ID NO: 15 to SEQ ID NO: 31.
  • the composition comprises at least two peptides consisting essentially of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:31, and SEQ ID NO:32.
  • the composition comprises at least four peptides consisting essentially of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:31, and SEQ ID [00134]
  • the composition comprises ten peptides consisting essentially of amino acid sequences according to and selected from a group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:31, and SEQ ID NO:32.
  • the composition comprises at least two peptides, at least four peptides, or at least ten peptides, said peptides consisting essentially of amino acid sequences according to and selected from a group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:31, and SEQ ID NO:32, and at least one peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 38 BIR-002b FTELTLGEF derived from Survivin HLA-A1, SEQ ID NO: 39 BIR-002c
  • LMLGEFLKL derived from Survivin HLA-A2 SEQ ID NO: 40 BIR-002d EPDLAQCFY derived from Survivin HLA-B35, BIR-002a SEQ ID NO: 41 TLGEFLKLDRERAKD derived from Survivin HLA-DR, and BIR-004 SEQ ID NO:42 ELTLGEFLKLDRERAKN derived from Survivin HLA-DR and HLA-A*02.
  • the composition comprises at least two peptides, at least four peptides, or at least ten peptides, said peptides consisting essentially of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:31, and SEQ ID NO:32, and at least one peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 38 BIR-002b FTELTLGEF derived from Survivin HLA-A1, SEQ ID NO: 39 BIR-002c LMLGEFLKL derived from Survivin HLA-A2, SEQ ID NO: 40 BIR-002d EPDLAQCFY derived from Survivin HLA-B35, BIR-002a SEQ ID NO: 38 BIR-00
  • the composition comprises at least one peptide consisting of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID: 23 and SEQ ID: 24, and at least one peptide consisting of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 11, and SEQ ID NO: 13 to SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • the composition comprises at least one peptide consisting of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID: 23 and SEQ ID: 24 and SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13, and SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • the composition comprises at least one peptide consisting of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID: 23, and SEQ ID: 24, and SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13, and SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • the composition comprises ten peptides consisting of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID: 23, and SEQ ID: 24, and SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13, and SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • the composition comprises at least two peptides, at least four peptides, or at least ten peptides, said peptides consisting of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID: 23 and SEQ ID: 24 and SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13, and SEQ ID NO: 14, and at least one peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 38 BIR-002b
  • FTELTLGEF derived from Survivin HLA-A1, SEQ ID NO: 39 BIR-002c LMLGEFLKL derived from Survivin HLA-A2, SEQ ID NO: 40 BIR-002d EPDLAQCFY derived from
  • BIR-002a SEQ ID NO: 41 TLGEFLKLDRERAKD derived from Survivin HLA-DR
  • BIR-004 SEQ ID NO:42 ELTLGEFLKLDRERAKN derived from Survivin HLA-DR and HLA-A*02.
  • the composition comprises at least two peptides, at least four peptides, or at least ten peptides, said peptides consisting of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID: 23 and SEQ ID: 24, and SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13, and SEQ ID NO: 14, and at least one peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 38 BIR-002b FTELTLGEF derived from Survivin HLA-A1, SEQ ID NO: 39 BIR-002c LMLGEFLKL derived from Survivin HLA-A2, SEQ ID NO: 40 BIR-002d EPDLAQCFY derived from
  • BIR-002a SEQ ID NO: 41 TLGEFLKLDRERAKD derived from Survivin HLA-DR
  • BIR-004 SEQ ID NO:42 ELTLGEFLKLDRERAKN derived from Survivin HLA-DR and HLA-A*02, wherein the additional peptide is selected according to the HLA set of the subject in need.
  • the composition comprises at least two peptides consisting essentially of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO: 32, and a group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 11 and SEQ ID NO: 13 or SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • the composition comprises at least two different peptides consisting essentially of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO: 32 and a group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:31, and SEQ ID NO:32.
  • the composition comprises at least two different peptides consisting essentially of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO: 32 and a group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:31 and SEQ ID NO:32.
  • the composition comprises ten peptides consisting essentially of amino acid sequences according to and selected from a group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:31 and SEQ ID NO:32.
  • the composition comprises at least 2 peptides, at least 4 peptides, or at least 10 peptides, said peptides consisting essentially of amino acid sequences according to and selected from a group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:31, and SEQ ID NO:32, and at least one peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 38 BIR-002b FTELTLGEF derived from Survivin HLA-A1, SEQ ID NO: 39 BIR-002c LMLGEFLKL derived from Survivin HLA-A2, SEQ ID NO: 40 BIR-002d EPDLAQCFY derived from Survivin HLA-B35, B
  • the composition comprises at least 2 peptides, at least 4 peptides, or at least 10 peptides, said peptides consisting essentially of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:31, and SEQ ID NO:32, and at least one peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 38 BIR-002b FTELTLGEF derived from Survivin HLA-A1, SEQ ID NO: 39 BIR-002c LMLGEFLKL derived from Survivin HLA-A2, SEQ ID NO: 40 BIR-002d EPDLAQCFY derived from Survivin HLA-B35, BIR-002a SEQ ID NO
  • the composition comprises at least two peptides consisting of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 23 to SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 11 and SEQ ID NO: 13 to SEQ ID NO: 14 and at least one additional peptide according to SEQ ID NO: 15 to SEQ ID 19, SEQ ID:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO: 26 to SEQ ID NO:30 and SEQ ID NO:33, wherein the additional peptide/s is/are selected according to the HLA set of the subject to be treated and optionally at least one peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 38 BIR-002b FTELTLGEF derived from Survivin HLA-A1, SEQ ID NO: 39 BIR-002c LMLGEFLKL derived from Survivin HLA-A2, SEQ ID NO: 40 BIR-002d EPDLAQ
  • BIR-002a SEQ ID NO: 41 TLGEFLKLDRERAKD derived from Survivin HLA-DR
  • BIR-004 SEQ ID NO:42 ELTLGEFLKLDRERAfCN derived from Survivin HLA-DR and HLA-A*02, wherein the additional peptide/s is/are selected according to the HLA set of the subject to be treated.
  • the composition comprises at least two peptides consisting of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 23 to SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO: 32 SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14 and at least one additional peptide according to SEQ ID NO: 15 to SEQ ID 19, SEQ ID:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO: 26 to SEQ ID NO:30 and SEQ ID NO:33, wherein the additional peptide/s is/are selected according to the HLA set of the subject in need, and, optionally, at least one peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 38 BIR-002b FTELTLGEF derived from Survivin HLA-A1, SEQ ID NO: 39 BIR-002c LMLGEFLKL
  • the composition comprises at least four peptides consisting of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 23 to SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14 and at least one additional peptide according to SEQ ID NO: 15 to SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO: 26 to SEQ ID NO:30, and SEQ ID NO:33, wherein the additional peptide/s is/are selected according to the HLA set of the subject to be treated, and optionally at least one peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 38 BIR-002b FTELTLGEF derived from Survivin HLA-A1, SEQ ID NO: 39 BIR-002c LMLGEFL
  • Survivin HLA-A2 SEQ ID NO: 40 BIR-002d EPDLAQCFY derived from Survivin HLA-B35, BIR-002a SEQ ID NO: 41 TLGEFLKLDRERAKD derived from Survivin HLA-DR, and BIR- 004 SEQ ID NO:42 ELTLGEFLKLDRERAKN derived from Survivin HLA-DR and HLA- A*02, wherein the additional peptide/s is/are selected according to the HLA set of the subject to be treated.
  • the composition comprises ten peptides consisting of amino acid sequences according to EQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 23 to SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 9 to SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14 and at least one additional peptide according to SEQ ID NO: 15 to SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO: 26 to SEQ ID NO:30, and SEQ ID NO:33, wherein the additional peptide/s is/are selected according to the HLA set of the subject in need and optionally at least one peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 38 BIR-002b FTELTLGEF derived from Survivin HLA-A1, SEQ ID NO: 39 BIR-002c LMLGEFLKL
  • WO 2004/067023 describes MHC Class I-restricted peptides derived from the tumor associated antigen survivin, which peptides are capable of binding to Class I HLA molecules at a high affinity.
  • the optimum amount of each peptide to be included in the vaccine and the optimum dosing regimen can be determined by one skilled in the art without undue
  • the peptide or its variant may be prepared for intravenous (i.v.) injection, sub-cutaneous (s.c.) injection, intradermal (i.d.) injection, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, intramuscular (i.m.) injection.
  • peptide injection may be performed s.c, i.d., i.p., i.m., and i.v.
  • DNA injection may be performed i.d., i.m., s.c, i.p. and i.v.
  • peptide or DNA 1 to 500 mg, 50 ⁇ g and 1.5 mg, or 125 ⁇ g to 500 ⁇ g, of peptide or DNA may be given and will depend from the respective peptide or DNA. Doses of this range were successfully used in previous trials (Brunsvig PF, Aamdal S, Gjertsen MK, Kvalheim G, Markowski-Grimsrud CJ, Sve I, Dyrhaug M, Trachsel S, M0ller M, Eriksen JA, Gaudernack G; Telomerase peptide vaccination: a phase I/II study in patients with non-small cell lung cancer; Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2006; 55(12): 1553- 1564; M. Staehler, A.
  • the composition disclosed herein may be compiled such that the selection, number and/or amount of peptides present in the composition is/are tissue, cancer, and/or patient-specific. For instance the exact selection of peptides can be guided by expression patterns of the parent proteins in a given tissue to avoid side effects. The selection may be dependent from the specific type of cancer that the patient to be treated is suffering from as well as the status of the disease, earlier treatment regimens, the immune status of the patient, and, of course, the HLA-haplotype of the patient. Furthermore, the vaccine according to the disclosure can contain individualized components, according to personal needs of the particular patient.
  • Examples are different amounts of peptides according to the expression of the related TAAs in the particular patient, unwanted side-effects due to personal allergies or other treatments, and adjustments for secondary treatments following a first round or scheme of treatment.
  • the person of skill will be able to select preferred combinations of immunogenic peptides by testing, for example, the generation of T-cells in vitro as well as their efficiency and overall presence, the proliferation, affinity and expansion of certain T-cells for certain peptides, and the functionality of the T-cells, e.g. by analyzing the IFN-gamma production (see also examples below). Usually, the most efficient peptides are then combined as a vaccine for the purposes as described above.
  • a suitable vaccine may contain 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,
  • the length of the peptide for use in a cancer vaccine may be any suitable peptide.
  • it may be a suitable 9-mer peptide or a suitable 8-mer or 9-mer or 10-mer or 11-mer peptide or 12-mer, 13-mer, 14-mer or 15-mer.
  • Longer peptides may also be suitable, 9-mer or 10-mer peptides as described in the attached Tables 1 and 2 are preferred for MHC class I-peptides, while 12- to 15-mers are preferred for MHC class II peptides.
  • the peptide(s) constitute(s) a tumor or cancer vaccine. It may be administered directly into the patient, into the affected organ or systemically, or applied ex vivo to cells derived from the patient or a human cell line which are subsequently administered to the patient, or used in vitro to select a subpopulation from immune cells derived from the patient, which are then re-administered to the patient.
  • the peptide may be substantially pure, or combined with an immune-stimulating adjuvant (see below) or used in combination with immune-stimulatory cytokines, or be administered with a suitable delivery system, for example liposomes.
  • the peptide may also be conjugated to a suitable carrier such as keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) or mannan (see WO 95/18145 and Longenecker et al (1993) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 690,276-291).
  • KLH keyhole limpet haemocyanin
  • mannan see WO 95/18145 and Longenecker et al (1993) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 690,276-291.
  • the peptide may also be tagged, or be a fusion protein, or be a hybrid molecule.
  • the peptides whose sequence is given are expected to stimulate CD4 T cells or CD8 CTL.
  • the fusion partner or sections of a hybrid molecule suitably provide epitopes which stimulate CD8-positive T-cells.
  • the fusion partner or sections of a hybrid molecule suitably provide epitopes which stimulate CD4-positive T cells.
  • CD4- and CD8-stimulating epitopes are well known in the art and include those identified in the present disclosure.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are well known and are usually liquids, in which an active therapeutic agent is formulated.
  • the carrier generally does not provide any pharmacological activity to the formulation, though it may provide chemical and/or biological stability, release characteristics, and the like.
  • Exemplary formulations can be found, for example, in Alfonso R. Gennaro. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20th Edition.
  • Lipofundin is a registered trademark of B. Braun Melsungen, Germany. Both contain soybean oil as fat (100 or 200 g in 1,000 ml distilled water: 10% or 20%), respectively). Egg-yolk phospholipids are used as emulsifiers in Intralipid (12 g/1 distilled water) and egg-yolk lecithin in Lipofundin (12 g/1 distilled water). Isotonicity results from the addition of glycerol (25 g/1) both in Intralipid and Lipofundin.
  • compositions comprising at least one HLA-binding peptide and an immunological adjuvant, wherein the HLA- binding peptide comprises an epitope derived from a prostate-associated antigenic molecule.
  • immunological adjuvant shall refer to any substance that non-specifically accelerates, prolongs, or otherwise enhances antigen-specific immune responses when used in combination with antigenic molecules. Immunological adjuvants are well known in the art and any immunological adjuvant may be used. Suitable adjuvants include, but are not limited to 1018 ISS, aluminum salts, Amplivax®, AS15, BCG, CP-870,893,
  • Adjuvants such as Imiquimod®, Resimiquimod®, incomplete Freund's, interferon-alpha or GM-CSF are preferred.
  • immunological adjuvants e.g., MF59
  • MF59 immunological adjuvants specific for dendritic cells and their preparation have been described previously (Dupuis M, Murphy TJ, Higgins D, Ugozzoli M, van Nest G, Ott G, McDonald DM; Dendritic cells internalize vaccine adjuvant after intramuscular injection; Cell Immunol. 1998; 186(1): 18-27; Allison AC; The mode of action of immunological adjuvants; Dev Biol Stand. 1998; 92:3-11). Also cytokines may be used.
  • cytokines have been directly linked to influencing dendritic cell migration to lymphoid tissues (e.g., TNF-a), accelerating the maturation of dendritic cells into efficient antigen-presenting cells for T-lymphocytes (e.g., GM-CSF, IL-1 and IL-4) (U.S. Pat. No. 5,849,589, specifically incorporated herein by reference in its entirety) and acting as immunoadjuvants (e.g., IL-12) (Gabrilovich DI, Cunningham HT, Carbone DP; IL-12 and mutant P53 peptide-pulsed dendritic cells for the specific immunotherapy of cancer; J
  • CpG immunostimulatory oligonucleotides have also been reported to enhance the effects of adjuvants and act as adjuvants themselves in a vaccine setting.
  • CpG oligonucleotides act by activating the innate (non-adaptive) immune system via Toll-like receptors (TLR), mainly TLR9.
  • TLR Toll-like receptors
  • CpG triggered TLR9 activation enhances antigen- specific humoral and cellular responses to a wide variety of antigens, including peptide or protein antigens, live or killed viruses, dendritic cell vaccines, autologous cellular vaccines and polysaccharide conjugates in both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.
  • cytotoxic T-lymphocyte CTL
  • THl bias induced by TLR9 stimulation is maintained even in the presence of vaccine adjuvants such as alum or incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IF A) that normally promote a TH2 bias.
  • IF A incomplete Freund's adjuvant
  • CpG oligonucleotides show even greater adjuvant activity when formulated or co- administered with other adjuvants or in formulations such as microparticles, nano particles, lipid emulsions or similar formulations, which are especially necessary for inducing a strong response when the antigen is relatively weak.
  • TLR binding molecules such as RNA binding TLR 7, TLR 8 and/or TLR 9 may also be used.
  • CpGs e.g. CpR, Idera
  • mucin- 1-mRNA/protamine complex e.g., NpR, Idera
  • Poly(LC) e.g.
  • polyI:C12U non-CpG bacterial DNA or RNA as well as immunoactive small molecules and antibodies such as imidazoquinolines, cyclophosphamide, sunitinib, bevacizumab, Celebrex, NCX-4016, sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, sorafinib, XL-999, CP-547632, pazopanib, ZD2171, AZD2171, ipilimumab, tremelimumab and SC58175, which may act therapeutically and/or as an adjuvant.
  • the amounts and concentrations of adjuvants and additives useful in the context of the present disclosure can readily be determined by the skilled artisan without undue
  • the adjuvant is selected from the group consisting of dSLIM®, BCG, OK432, imiquimod, mucin- 1-mRNA/protamine complex, resimiquimod, GM- CSF, interferon-alpha, PeviTer® and Juvlmmune® or combinations thereof.
  • the adjuvant is selected from the group consisting of colony-stimulating factors, such as Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM- CSF, sargramostim), imiquimod®, mucin- 1-mRNA/protamine complex, resimiquimod, and interferon-alpha.
  • GM- CSF Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor
  • imiquimod® such as Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM- CSF, sargramostim), imiquimod®, mucin- 1-mRNA/protamine complex, resimiquimod, and interferon-alpha.
  • the adjuvant is mucin- 1-mRNA/protamine complex, imiquimod, or resimiquimod.
  • compositions disclosed herein can be used for parenteral administration, such as subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intraperitoneal or for oral administration.
  • parenteral administration such as subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intraperitoneal or for oral administration.
  • the peptides and optionally other molecules are dissolved or suspended in a
  • composition can contain excipients, such as buffers, binding agents, blasting agents, diluents, flavors, lubricants, etc.
  • excipients such as buffers, binding agents, blasting agents, diluents, flavors, lubricants, etc.
  • the peptides can also be administered together with immune stimulating substances, such as cytokines.
  • An extensive listing of excipients that can be used in such a composition can be, for example, taken from A. Kibbe, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 3 Ed. 2000, American Pharmaceutical Association and pharmaceutical press.
  • the composition can be used for a prevention, prophylaxis and/or therapy of adenomateous or cancerous diseases, preferably CRC.
  • Cytotoxic T-cells recognize an antigen in the form of a peptide bound to an MHC molecule rather than the intact foreign antigen itself.
  • the MHC molecule itself is located at the cell surface of an antigen presenting cell. Thus, an activation of CTLs is only possible if a trimeric complex of peptide antigen, MHC molecule, and APC is present.
  • composition according to the present disclosure additionally contains at least one antigen presenting cell.
  • the antigen-presenting cell typically has an MHC class I or II molecule on its surface and in one embodiment is substantially incapable of itself loading the MHC class I or II molecule with the selected antigen. As is described in more detail below, the MHC class I or II molecule may readily be loaded with the selected antigen in vitro.
  • the mammalian cell lacks or has a reduced level or has reduced function of the TAP peptide transporter.
  • Suitable cells which lack the TAP peptide transporter include T2, a human peptide loading deficient cell line that is available from the American Type Culture Collection, 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA under Catalogue No CRL 1992; TAP-deficient cell lines such as T2 can be used as APCs, and due to the lack of TAP nearly all peptides presented by MHC class I will be the peptides under scrutiny used for externally loading the empty MHC class I molecules of these cell lines, hence all effects will clearly attribute to the used peptides.
  • the antigen presenting cells are dendritic cells.
  • the dendritic cells are autologous dendritic cells which are pulsed with an antigenic peptide.
  • the antigenic peptide may be any suitable antigenic peptide which gives rise to an appropriate T-cell response.
  • T-cell therapy using autologous dendritic cells pulsed with peptides from a tumor associated antigen is disclosed in Murphy et al (1996) The Prostate 29, 371-380, and Tjua et al (1997) The Prostate 32, 272-278.
  • composition containing at least one antigen presenting cell is pulsed or loaded with the peptide.
  • the antigen presenting cell comprises an expression construct encoding the peptide.
  • the polynucleotide may be any suitable polynucleotide.
  • the polynucleotide is capable of transducing the dendritic cell thus resulting in the presentation of a peptide and induction of immunity.
  • a nucleic acid of the present disclosure may be comprised in a viral polynucleotide or virus.
  • adenovirus-transduced dendritic cells have been shown to induce antigen-specific anti-tumor immunity in relation to MUC1 (see Gong et al (1997) Gene Ther. 4, 1023-1028).
  • adenovirus-based systems may be used (see, for example, Wan et al (1997) Hum. Gene Ther. 8, 1355-1363); retroviral systems may be used (Specht et al (1997) J. Exp. Med.
  • composition of the disclosure containing (a) nucleic acid(s) of the disclosure can be administered in a similar manner as those containing peptide(s) of the disclosure, e.g. intravenously, intra-arterially, intra-peritoneally, intramuscularly, intradermally, intratumorally, orally, dermally, nasally, buccally, rectally, by inhalation, or by topical administration.
  • the composition is administered in conjunction with a second anticancer agent.
  • the second agent may be administered before after or simultaneously with the composition of the disclosure.
  • a simultaneous administration can e.g. be achieved by mixing the composition of the disclosure with the second anticancer agent if chemical properties are compatible.
  • compositions and anticancer agent are administered on the same day independently from the route of administration such that the composition may be e.g. injected while the second anticancer agent is for instance given orally.
  • the composition and second anticancer agent may also be administered within the same treatment course but on different days and/or within separate treatment courses.
  • a method for treating or preventing a cancer in a patient comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount any one of the presently-disclosed compositions.
  • a therapeutically effective amount will be an amount sufficient to induce an immune response, in particular an activation of a subpopulation of CTLs.
  • a person skilled in the art may easily determine whether an amount is effective by using standard immunological methods, such as those provided in the examples of the present specifications. Another way of monitoring the effect of a certain amount of the composition is to observe the growth of the tumor treated and/or its recurrence.
  • the composition is used as an anti-cancer vaccine.
  • composition containing peptides or peptide-encoding nucleic acids can also constitute a tumor or cancer vaccine. It may be administered directly into the patient, into the affected organ or systemically, or applied ex vivo to cells derived from the patient or a human cell line which are subsequently administered to the patient, or used in vitro to select a subpopulation from immune cells derived from the patient, which are then re-administered to the patient.
  • the vaccine is a multiple peptide tumor vaccine for treatment of prostate cancer.
  • the vaccine comprises a set of tumor-associated peptides selected from SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 11 and SEQ ID NO: 13 to SEQ ID NO: 14 which are located and have been identified on primary prostate cells and/or prostate carcinomas.
  • This set includes HLA class I and class II peptides.
  • the peptide set can also contain at least one peptide, such as from influenza core antigen, used as a positive control peptide serving as immune marker to test the efficiency of the intradermal administration.
  • the vaccine consists of 14 individual peptides (according to SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 14) with each peptide present in an amount selected from the group consisting of from about 1500 ⁇ g to about 75 ⁇ g, about 1000 ⁇ g to about 175 ⁇ g, about 500 ⁇ g to about 600 ⁇ g, about 578 ⁇ g of each peptide, all of which may be purified by HPLC and ion exchange chromatography and appear as a white to off-white powder.
  • the lyophilisate may be dissolved in sodium hydrogen carbonate, and used for intradermal injection within 30 min after reconstitution at room temperature.
  • Total amounts of peptides per 500 ⁇ of solution can vary from about 0.1 to 100 mg, from about 0.1 to 1 mg, and from about 300 ⁇ g to 800 ⁇ g.
  • the term "about” shall mean +/- 10 percent of the given value, if not stated differently.
  • the person of skill will be able to adjust the actual amount of peptide to be used based on several factors, such as, for example, the immune status of the individual patient and/or the amount of TUMAP that is presented in a particular type of cancer.
  • the peptides might be provided in other suitable forms (sterile solutions, etc.) instead of a lyophilisate.
  • the compositions may comprise the peptides in the free form or in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable salt refers to a derivative of the disclosed peptides wherein the peptide is modified by making acid or base salts of the agent.
  • acid salts are prepared from the free base (typically wherein the neutral form of the drug has a neutral -NH 2 group) involving reaction with a suitable acid.
  • Suitable acids for preparing acid salts include both organic acids, e.g., acetic acid, propionic acid, gly colic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, and the like, as well as inorganic acids, e.g., hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid phosphoric acid and the like.
  • organic acids e.g., acetic acid, propionic acid, gly colic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid,
  • compositions may comprise the peptides as salts of acetic acid (acetates), ammonium, or hydrochloric acid (chlorides).
  • a composition may include sugars, sugar alcohols, amino acids such a glycin, arginine, glutaminic acid and others as framework former.
  • the sugars may be mono-, di- or trisaccharide. These sugars may be used alone, as well as in combination with sugar alcohols. Examples of sugars include glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose or sorbose as monosaccharides, sucrose, lactose, maltose or trehalose as disaccharides and raffinose as a trisaccharid.
  • a sugar alcohol may be, for example, mannitose.
  • the composition comprises sucrose, lactose, maltose, trehalose, mannit and/or sorbit, In an other embodiment, the composition comprises mannitol.
  • compositions may include physiological well tolerated excipients
  • antioxidants like ascorbic acid or glutathione
  • preserving agents such as phenole, m-cresole, methyl- or propylparabene, chlorobutanol, thiomersal or benzalkoniumchloride
  • framework former such as sucrose, lactose, maltose, trehalose, mannitose, mannit and/or sorbit, mannit and/or lactose and solubilizer such as polyethyleneglycols (PEG), i.e.
  • PEG polyethyleneglycols
  • PEG 3000, 3350, 4000 or 6000 or cyclodextrines, i.e. hydroxypropyle-B-cyclodextrine, sulfobutylethyl-B-cyclodextrine or y cyclodextrine, or dextranes or poloxaomers, i.e. poloxaomer 407, poloxamer 188, or Tween® 20, Tween® 80.
  • one or more well tolerated excipients may be included, selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, framework formers and stabilizers.
  • the pH for intravenous and intramuscular administration is selected from pH 2 to pH 12, while the pH for subcutaneous administration is selected from pH 2.7 to pH 9.0 as the rate of in vivo dilution is reduced resulting in more potential for irradiation at the injection site.
  • the pharmaceutical preparation comprising peptides, and/or nucleic acid(s) according to the disclosure is administered to a patient that suffers from an adenomateous or cancerous disease that is associated with the respective peptide or antigen.
  • a T cell-mediated immune response can be triggered.
  • composition wherein the amount of (in particular tumor associated) peptide(s), of nucleic acid(s), or expression vector(s) according to the disclosure as present in the composition is/are tissue, cancer, and/or patient-specific.
  • the vaccine is a nucleic acid vaccine. It is known that inoculation with a nucleic acid vaccine, such as a DNA vaccine, encoding a polypeptide leads to a T-cell response. It may be administered directly into the patient, into the affected organ or systemically, or applied ex vivo to cells derived from the patient or a human cell line which are subsequently administered to the patient, or used in vitro to select a subpopulation from immune cells derived from the patient, which are then re-administered to the patient.
  • a nucleic acid vaccine such as a DNA vaccine
  • nucleic acid is administered to cells in vitro, it may be useful for the cells to be transfected so as to co-express immune-stimulating cytokines, such as interleukin-2 or GM-CSF.
  • the nucleic acid(s) may be substantially pure, or combined with an immune-stimulating adjuvant, or used in combination with immune-stimulatory cytokines, or be administered with a suitable delivery system, for example liposomes.
  • the nucleic acid vaccine may also be administered with an adjuvant such as those described for peptide vaccines above.
  • the nucleic acid vaccine may be administered without adjuvant.
  • the polynucleotide may be substantially pure, or contained in a suitable vector or delivery system.
  • suitable vectors and delivery systems include viral, such as systems based on adenovirus, vaccinia virus, retroviruses, herpes virus, adeno-associated virus or hybrids containing elements of more than one virus.
  • Non-viral delivery systems include cationic lipids and cationic polymers as are well known in the art of DNA delivery. Physical delivery, such as via a "gene-gun", may also be used.
  • the peptide or peptide encoded by the nucleic acid may be a fusion protein, for example with an epitope from tetanus toxoid which stimulates CD4-positive T-cells.
  • any nucleic acid administered to the patient is sterile and pyrogen free. Naked DNA may be given intramuscularly or intradermally or subcutaneously.
  • the nucleic acid vaccine may comprise any suitable nucleic acid delivery means.
  • the nucleic acid may also be delivered in a liposome or as part of a viral vector delivery system.
  • a nucleic acid vaccine such as a DNA vaccine, is administered into the muscle.
  • peptide vaccines are administered s.c. or i.d.
  • the vaccine is administered into the skin.
  • targeting vectors may comprise a tissue-or tumor-specific promoter which directs expression of the antigen at a suitable place.
  • the vaccine can be dependent from the specific type of cancer that the patient to be treated is suffering from as well as the status of the disease, earlier treatment regimens, the immune status of the patient, and, of course, the HLA-haplotype of the patient.
  • the vaccine can contain individualized components, according to personal needs of the particular patient. Examples are different amounts of peptides according to the expression of the related TAAs in the particular patient, unwanted side-effects due to personal allergies or other treatments, and adjustments for secondary treatments following a first round or scheme of treatment.
  • the peptides disclosed herein are also useful as diagnostics. Since many of the peptides were generated from prostate carcinomas and since it was determined that these peptides are not present in normal tissues, these peptides can be used to diagnose the presence of a cancer.
  • tissue biopsies can assist a pathologist in diagnosis of cancer. Detection of certain of the disclosed peptides by means of antibodies, mass spectrometry or other methods known in the art can tell the pathologist that the tissue is malignant or inflamed or generally diseased. Presence of groups of presently-disclosed peptides can enable classification or subclassification of diseased tissues.
  • the detection of the presently disclosed peptides on a diseased tissue specimen can enable the decision about the benefit of therapies involving the immune system, especially if T lymphocytes are known or expected to be involved in the mechanism of action.
  • Loss of MHC expression is a well described mechanism by which infected of malignant cells escape immunosurveillance.
  • presence of the presently-disclosed peptides shows that this mechanism is not exploited by the analyzed cells.
  • the presently-disclosed peptides might be used to analyze lymphocyte responses against those peptides, such as T cell responses or antibody responses against the peptides or the peptides complexed to MHC molecules. These lymphocyte responses can be used as prognostic markers for decision on further therapy steps. These responses can also be used as surrogate markers in immunotherapy approaches aiming to induce lymphocyte responses by different means, e.g. vaccination of protein, nucleic acids, autologous materials, adoptive transfer of lymphocytes. In gene therapy settings, lymphocyte responses against the presently-disclosed peptides can be considered in the assessment of side effects. Monitoring of lymphocyte responses might also be a valuable tool for follow-up examinations of transplantation therapies, e.g. for the detection of graft versus host and host versus graft diseases.
  • kits comprising (a) a container that contains a composition as described above, in solution or in lyophilized form; (b) optionally, a second container containing a diluent or reconstituting solution for the lyophilized formulation; and (c) optionally, instructions for (i) use of the solution or (ii) reconstitution and/or use of the lyophilized formulation.
  • the kit may further comprise one or more of (iii) a buffer, (iv) a diluent, (v) a filter, (vi) a needle, or (v) a syringe.
  • the container is selected from the group consisting of: a bottle, a vial, a syringe, a test tube, or a multi-use container.
  • the composition is lyophilized.
  • the kits may comprise a lyophilized formulation of the presently- disclosed compositions and/or vaccines in a suitable container and instructions for its reconstitution and/or use.
  • suitable containers include, for example, bottles, vials (e.g. dual chamber vials), syringes (such as dual chamber syringes) and test tubes.
  • the container may be formed from a variety of materials such as glass or plastic.
  • the kit and/or container contain/s instructions on or associated with the container that indicates directions for reconstitution and/or use.
  • the label may indicate that the lyophilized formulation is to be reconstituted to peptide concentrations as described above.
  • the label may further indicate that the formulation is useful or intended for subcutaneous administration.
  • the container holding the formulation may be a multi-use vial, which allows for repeat administrations (e.g., from 2-6 administrations) of the reconstituted formulation.
  • the kit may further comprise a second container comprising a suitable diluent (e.g., sodium bicarbonate solution).
  • the kit may further include other materials desirable from a commercial and user standpoint, including other buffers, diluents, filters, needles, syringes, and package inserts with instructions for use.
  • kits may have a single container that contains the formulation of the compositions with or without other components (e.g., other compounds or compositions of these other compounds) or may have distinct container for each component.
  • kits may include a formulation of the presently disclosed compositions and/or vaccines packaged for use in combination with the co-administration of a second compound (such as adjuvants (e.g. imiquimod), a chemotherapeutic agent, a natural product, a hormone or antagonist, a anti-angiogenesis agent or inhibitor, a apoptosis-inducing agent or a chelator) or a composition thereof.
  • a second compound such as adjuvants (e.g. imiquimod), a chemotherapeutic agent, a natural product, a hormone or antagonist, a anti-angiogenesis agent or inhibitor, a apoptosis-inducing agent or a chelator) or a composition thereof.
  • the components of the kit may be pre-complexed or each component may be in a separate distinct container prior to administration to a patient.
  • the components of the kit may be provided in one or more liquid solutions.
  • the liquid solution is an aqueous solution.
  • the liquid solution is
  • the container of a therapeutic kit may be a vial, test tube, flask, bottle, syringe, or any other means of enclosing a solid or liquid.
  • the kit will contain a second vial or other container, which allows for separate dosing.
  • the kit may also contain another container for a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid.
  • a therapeutic kit will contain an apparatus (e.g., one or more needles, syringes, eye droppers, pipette, etc.), which enables administration of the agents of the disclosure that are components of the present kit.
  • the pharmaceutical formulation may be one that is suitable for administration of the peptides by any acceptable route such as oral (enteral), nasal, ophthal, subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intravenous or transdermal.
  • the administration is subcutaneous and may be administered by an infusion pump.
  • T-cell response means the specific proliferation and activation of effector functions induced by a peptide in vitro or in vivo.
  • effector functions may be lysis of peptide-pulsed, peptide-precursor pulsed or naturally peptide- presenting target cells, secretion of cytokines, secretion of effector molecules, or degranulation.
  • the T-cell response is the secretion of cytokines induced by the peptide, wherein the peptide is selected from the group consisting of Interferon-gamma, T F-alpha, or IL-2.
  • the T-cell response is the secretion of effector molecules induced by peptide, wherein the effector molecule is selected from the group consisting of granzymes and perforins.
  • effector functions may be peptide induced secretion of cytokines, including but not limited to, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-4, IL5, IL-10, or IL-2, or peptide-induced degranulation. Possible effector functions for CTLs and T helper cells are not limited to this list.
  • compositions comprising combinations of amino acid sequences of peptides that have the ability to bind to a molecule of the human major
  • MHC histocompatibility complex
  • HLA class I histocompatibility complex
  • II HLA class II
  • compositions may be used as an effective anti-prostate cancer vaccine that is based on a combination of the peptides.
  • compositions disclosed herein can be administered either with or without accompanying treatment with an immunological adjuvant. If an immunological adjuvant is used, it can be included in the compositions disclosed herein or administered separately via the same route of administration or different routes of administration.
  • compositions and methods disclosed herein can be used as a primary therapy, an adjuvant therapy, or a palliative therapy and can be used alone or in conjunction with other therapies, including but not limited to, surgical therapies (including prostatectomy), radiation therapies, and chemotherapies.
  • the disclosed methods further can be used in response to a primary tumour, a biological recurrence, a localized recurrence, or a metastatic recurrence.
  • the presently-disclosed methods can further be used before, in conjunction with, or after androgen deprivation therapy in both androgen- sensitive prostate cancers and androgen-independent prostate cancers.
  • the phrase "androgen-sensitive prostate cancer” shall refer to any prostate cancer in which tumour growth requires androgens.
  • the phrase “androgen-independent prostate cancer” shall refer to any prostate cancer in which tumour growth occurs in the absence of androgens.
  • the phrase “androgen deprivation therapy” refers to any treatment having the primary effect of suppressing androgen signalling or androgen production.
  • HLA-binding peptide cocktail was tested in patients with biochemical relapse after radical prostatectomy without diagnostic evidence of metastatic manifestation to determine whether such a composition would be effective at stabilizing and/or increasing PSA doubling times ("DT").
  • compositions targeting a broad spectrum of specific T-cells were used.
  • the composition comprised 13 synthetic HLA-binding peptides specific for both HLA-class I and - class II from prostate-associated antigenic molecules for activation of cytotoxic CD8+ and CD4+ T helper cells. Eleven of the peptides (SEQ ID NO: 1 through SEQ ID NO: 11) comprised HLA- A*0201 -restricted epitopes. Two peptides (SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14) comprised HLA class II-binding epitopes.
  • An additional peptide comprising an HLA-A*0201 epitope derived from the influenza virus (SEQ ID NO: 12) was added as a marker peptide for activating recall CD8+ T-cell response.
  • Peptides were emulgated with 500ml montanide ISA-51 and injected subcutaneously at a dose of 300 mg per individual peptide.
  • immunological adjuvants used were (1) imiquimod (Aldara®, Meda Pharma, Bad Homburg, Germany), (2) GM-CSF (Leukine®, Bayer Healthcare, Leverkusen, Germany), and (3) a mucin- 1-mRNA/protamine complex as described in Scheel et a/., Therapeutic anti-tumor immunity triggered by injections of immunostimulating single- stranded RNA, Eur. J. Immunology 2006; 36(10):2807-2816.
  • Treatment with the peptide composition, immunological adjuvant, and/or hyperthermia was repeated on Days 7, 14, 28, 42 and 56 following the initial treatment using the same location for each application. Thereafter, if objective regression or stabilization of PSA- value was present, treatment was continued every 4 weeks until Day 420.
  • the treatment response was evaluated by PSA measurement as a surrogate parameter determined at each treatment visit. Hematology and blood chemistry tests were repeated after the first six treatments (at week 8) and every 3 months thereafter. Clinical examinations and digital rectal examinations were performed in an analogous schedule for the evaluation of clinical progression.
  • PSA Stability and Increase in DT Two patients (Patients 3 and 8; 11%) exhibited PSA stability (Fig. 3) during treatment and on follow-up 14 and 16 months after the last application.
  • the average duration of stability from starting treatment was 29.5 months at data cut-off, with an average of 17 treatments (14 and 20) applied.
  • Patient 3 had partial PSA response (>50%) for a period of 9 months, followed by a period of slow PSA rise with a doubling time of 20.5 compared to 9.8 months prior to treatment.
  • Initial PSA relapse prior to the study started 18 months after prostatectomy (pT2pN0 GS 5).
  • Patient 3 had to quit participation because of an allergic reaction at his 20th treatment.
  • Patient 8 exhibited stable disease behavior after the start of treatment.
  • the PSA DT of Patient 11 rose from 1.5 to 10.1 months in the first 6 months of treatment. This patient started therapy at a PSA value of 10.8 ng/ml and progressed to 17.8 ng/ml after 6 months of treatment. The study was terminated and hormonal replacement therapy started. In this patient, no visible malignant lesions were seen in a PET-CT scan. Imiquimod was used as an immunological adjuvant. In Patient 16 the DT was 6.1 months at the start of the study. His PSA value decreased and altered the DT into a half-time of 2.7 months in the first 5 months of treatment.
  • Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from prostate carcinoma patients were obtained at different time-points during vaccination and cryopreserved in 90% fetal calf serum and 10%) DMSO in liquid nitrogen. After thawing, approximately 5 x 10 6 cells were cultivated (24-well cell culture plate, Greiner Bio-One, Frickenhausen, Germany) in IMDM medium supplemented with 50U/ml Penicillin, 50 ⁇ g/ml Streptomycin (all Biowhittaker, Verviers, Belgium), 10% heat-inactivated human serum (c.c. pro, Neustadt, Germany) and 50 ⁇ beta- mercaptoethanol at 37°C and 7.5% C0 2 .
  • HLA-class I or HLA-class II binding peptides were added at day 1, at 1 ⁇ g/ml for HLA-class I and at 5 ⁇ g/ml for HLA- class II.
  • the culture was supplemented with recombinant human IL-2 (r-hIL2, R&D Systems GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany) at days 3, 5, 7 and 9 of the T-cell stimulation, promokine, and IL- 4 and 7 at day 0 for HLA-class I, and recombinant human IL-2 (r-hIL2, R&D Systems GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany) at days 3, 5, 7 and 9 of the T-cell stimulation and promokine for HLA- class II.
  • PHA (10 ⁇ g/ml) or SEB (1 ⁇ g/ml) were used as positive control stimuli.
  • Production of IFN- ⁇ was detected with a pair of specific monoclonal antibodies (lDl-k and 7-B6-1, both Mabtech, Nacka Strand, Sweden) after 26 hour incubation at 37°C and 7.5% C0 2 .
  • ExtraAvidin- Alkaline Phosphatase and BCIP/NBT substrate both Sigma- Aldrich
  • ELISPOT analysis was performed using ImmunoSpot readers (Series 3 A and 5, Cellular Technology Ltd, Aalen, Germany).
  • Synthetic peptides used for the stimulation and for functional tests were the HIV- derived epitope (HIV gag 164-181 : YVDRFYKTLRAEQASQEV (SEQ ID NO: 15), negative control); PSMA 459-473 : NYTLRVDCTPLMYSL (SEQ ID NO: 13) and Survivin 97-111 : TLGEFLKLDRERAKN (SEQ ID NO: 14).
  • Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from prostate carcinoma patients No. 15 and 26 were obtained at different time-points during vaccination and cryopreserved in 90% fetal calf serum and 10% DMSO in liquid nitrogen. After thawing, approximately 5 x 10 6 cells were cultivated (24-well cell culture plate, Greiner Bio-One, Frickenhausen, Germany) in IMDM medium supplemented with 50U/ml Penicillin, 50 ⁇ g/ml Streptomycin (all Biowhittaker, Verviers, Belgium), 10% heat-inactivated human serum (c.c. pro, Neustadt, Germany) and 50 ⁇ beta- mercaptoethanol at 37°C and 7.5% C0 2 .
  • IFN-y-secreting cells were labelled with IFN- ⁇ Catch Reagent and IFN- ⁇ PE Antibody according to the MACS IFN- ⁇ Secretion Assay protocol (Miltenyi Biotech, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany), then sorted in 96 well plates containing IMDM 10% HS with 150 U/ml IL-2, 1 igjm ⁇ PHA and irradiated allogenic feeders (PBMC + LG2-EBV) using a FACSAria (BD Biosciences). IL-2 (150 U/ml) was added every 4 days and feeder cells every three weeks.
  • Effectors were harvested, washed and stimulated in a standard assay with the HIV, PSMA, and Survivin peptides at 5 ⁇ g/ml or PMA and Ionomycin (50ng/ml and ⁇ ⁇ , respectively) in the presence of Golgi-STOP (BD Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany) and Brefeldin A (10 ⁇ g/ml, Sigma- Aldrich) following the manufacturers instructions.
  • CD4-APC-Cy7 and CD8-PerCP were used for cell membrane staining and IFN-g PE-Cy7, TNF-Pacific Blue, IL-2-PE for intracellular staining (all BD Biosciences, except TNF -Pacific Blue, Biolegend).
  • CD107a-FITC BD Bioscience was added during the stimulation period at 1.5 ⁇ /test.
  • Monocyte-derived, immature autologous DCs were generated by cultivating monocytes for seven days in EVIDM 10% HS, 1% PenStrep, 50 ⁇ ⁇ -Mercaptoethanol supplemented with 1000 U/ml IL-4 and 800 U/ml GM-CSF.
  • DC were either loaded with the relevant HLA-class II binding peptides (HIC, Survivin or PSMA, 10 ⁇ g/ml) or pulsed with recombinant proteins (Survivin, PSMA or RAP-80, 20 ⁇ g/ml), harvested, washed several times and incubated with specific CD4+ T cell clones at a DC: effector ratio of 1 :5 for 12 hours before intracellular cytokine staining.
  • HIC HLA-class II binding peptides
  • PSMA recombinant proteins

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des procédés et des compositions de traitement immmunothérapeutique du cancer de la prostate. La présente invention concerne plus spécifiquement des procédés de traitement de patients atteints du cancer de la prostate qui comprennent l'administration de compositions comprenant des peptides se liant au HLA dérivés de molécules antigéniques associées à la prostate, avec ou sans adjuvants immunologiques.
PCT/EP2011/070024 2004-08-19 2011-11-14 Peptides se liant au hla dérivés de molécules antigéniques associées à la prostate et procédés d'utilisation associés WO2012079878A2 (fr)

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MX2013006758A MX2013006758A (es) 2010-12-14 2011-11-14 Peptidos de union a hla derivados de moleculas antigenicas asociadas a la prostata y metodos de uso de los mismos.
NZ60991611A NZ609916A (en) 2010-12-14 2011-11-14 Hla-binding peptides derived from prostate-associated antigenic molecules and methods of use thereof
EA201300693A EA201300693A1 (ru) 2010-12-14 2011-11-14 Образованные из молекул антигенов, ассоциированных с предстательной железой, пептиды, связывающиеся с молекулами hla, и способы их применения
KR1020137018147A KR20130126671A (ko) 2010-12-14 2011-11-14 전립선 관련 항원 분자로부터 유래된 hla 결합 펩티드 및 이의 사용방법
AU2011344652A AU2011344652B2 (en) 2010-12-14 2011-11-14 HLA-binding peptides derived from prostate-associated antigenic molecules and methods of use thereof
JP2013543601A JP6032853B2 (ja) 2010-12-14 2011-11-14 前立腺関連抗原分子由来ｈｌａ結合ペプチドおよびその使用方法
EP11782613.1A EP2651434A2 (fr) 2010-12-14 2011-11-14 Peptides se liant au hla dérivés de molécules antigéniques associées à la prostate et procédés d'utilisation associés
US13/993,291 US9023804B2 (en) 2004-08-19 2011-11-14 HLA-binding peptides derived from prostate-associated antigenic molecules and methods of use thereof
SG2013045737A SG191154A1 (en) 2010-12-14 2011-11-14 Hla-binding peptides derived from prostate-associated antigenic molecules and methods of use thereof
CN201180059274.2A CN103547283A (zh) 2010-12-14 2011-11-14 前列腺相关抗原分子来源的人类白细胞抗原结合肽及其使用方法
CA2821582A CA2821582A1 (fr) 2010-12-14 2011-11-14 Peptides se liant au hla derives de molecules antigeniques associees a la prostate et procedes d'utilisation associes

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