WO2012079755A1 - Extrakorporale blutbehandlungsvorrichtung - Google Patents
Extrakorporale blutbehandlungsvorrichtung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012079755A1 WO2012079755A1 PCT/EP2011/006312 EP2011006312W WO2012079755A1 WO 2012079755 A1 WO2012079755 A1 WO 2012079755A1 EP 2011006312 W EP2011006312 W EP 2011006312W WO 2012079755 A1 WO2012079755 A1 WO 2012079755A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- phase
- venous
- line
- arterial
- blood
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/30—Single needle dialysis ; Reciprocating systems, alternately withdrawing blood from and returning it to the patient, e.g. single-lumen-needle dialysis or single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/30—Single needle dialysis ; Reciprocating systems, alternately withdrawing blood from and returning it to the patient, e.g. single-lumen-needle dialysis or single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/301—Details
- A61M1/302—Details having a reservoir for withdrawn untreated blood
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/30—Single needle dialysis ; Reciprocating systems, alternately withdrawing blood from and returning it to the patient, e.g. single-lumen-needle dialysis or single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/301—Details
- A61M1/303—Details having a reservoir for treated blood to be returned
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/30—Single needle dialysis ; Reciprocating systems, alternately withdrawing blood from and returning it to the patient, e.g. single-lumen-needle dialysis or single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/301—Details
- A61M1/305—Control of inversion point between collection and re-infusion phase
- A61M1/306—Pressure control, e.g. using substantially rigid closed or gas buffered or elastic reservoirs
Definitions
- the invention relates to an extracorporeal blood treatment device according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
- Such a device is known for example from DE 34 22 375 A1.
- the local device has a single-lumen catheter through which the extracorporeal blood treatment device can be connected to the bloodstream of a patient to be treated. Due to the single-lumen connection of the patient to the device, it is necessary that both blood collection and reinfusion of the blood take place via this single-lumen connection.
- DE 3422375 A1 several possibilities of extracorporeal arrangement of hoses, pressure sensors, terminals and pumps can be seen. Crucial for all these arrangements is that they have an arterial tube after an arterial tube clamp and a vein line container in front of a venous tube clamp. Both containers form a blood reservoir so that even when one of the two tube clamps is closed, blood can be continuously conveyed via the dialyzer.
- the control between the arterial phase, in which the blood is taken from the patient and supplied to the blood treatment device, and the venous phase, in which the withdrawn blood is reinfused to the patient, takes place in response to an arterial and a venous pressure sensor, which are connected to the arterial line container are attached.
- the arterial tube clamp is opened and the venous one is closed.
- a blood pump thereby promotes the blood to be purified through the tube system in the dialyzer and further into the venous line container against the closed venous hose clamp.
- the arterial phase is terminated and the venous phase is initiated by opening the venous tube clamp and closing the arterial.
- the blood pump now pumps blood from the arterial line container into the dialyzer and further into the venous line container, while purified blood from the venous line container enters the patient is reinfused. This happens until the build-up in the arterial line container vacuum has reached a lower limit.
- the arterial tube clamp is opened and the venous closed, so that now the venous phase is completed and a new phase, consisting of renewed arterial and renewed venous phase begins.
- the control between the arterial phase, in which the blood is taken from the patient and supplied to the blood treatment device, and the venous phase, in which the blood is reinfused, takes place here as a function of an arterial pressure sensor on the arterial line container, from the venous phase to the arterial pressure vessel Switch arterial phase, and unlike in DE 3422375 A1, depending on the measured stroke volume to switch from the arterial phase to the venous phase.
- this device comprises a protective mechanism in which the pump is switched off in the arterial phase upon reaching a certain overpressure in the venous line container in order to avoid damage to the dialyzer.
- 5,318,511 describes a system of extracorporeal assembly of tubes, pressure sensors, blood reservoirs and pumps in which the control between arterial phase and venous phase via a pressure measurement at the venous line container (transition from arterial phase to venous phase) and a fixed pump speed (transition from venous to arterial phase) is regulated.
- the method described here is significantly more complex and requires up to four pumps, with two pumps being allocated for the arterial and venous phases, respectively.
- regulation or control for automatic flow control in the event of disturbances is not disclosed in this US patent.
- such a disturbance can represent, for example, a kink in the arterial or venous tubing.
- such a fault can also be caused by wrong setting of the blood pump speed by the operating personnel, whereby the start of the therapy should also be considered under such a disturbance.
- such disturbances can lead to the fact that no effective blood flow takes place - out of the patient's body and back into it or more takes place.
- such a disturbance is described by way of example briefly with reference to a kink in the venous tubing:
- a kink in the venous tubing during the venous phase increases the flow resistance there, as a result of which the outflow of the purified blood into the patient decreases and the venous line container empties correspondingly more slowly.
- This has the consequence that the arterial phase volume is reduced over several phases, because with the same blood flow through the dialyzer until reaching the lower pressure limit in the arterial line container, the venous line container has not emptied accordingly.
- the upper pressure limit in the venous line container is reached earlier and earlier during the following phases.
- the overall system therefore begins to oscillate between the arterial and venous phases without effective blood flow through the extracorporeal blood purification machine. Therefore, in such situations, especially taking into account the dead volume described below, no reinfusion already purified blood in the patient.
- the extracorporeal described in DE 3422375 A Blood purification machine effectively stopped therapy. This can only be prevented if the operating personnel regulate.
- the pump Upon reaching the limit, the pump is turned off and the arterial line container fills without a pumping power due to the negative pressure present there. If a defined amount of blood has flowed into the arterial line container and this amount corresponds to a set limit value for the stroke volume, the pump is automatically activated and there is a change into the venous phase with closure of the arterial line and opening of the venous line. It has thus set a critical state in which the venous line container and the arterial line container are completely filled, and there is also a disability of the venous line.
- a regulation of the pumping power in the venous phase does not exist and with running pump and increasing pressure in the venous line container, the system escalates finally, since a renewed change in the arterial phase is only connected to a certain negative pressure in the arterial line container. This can only be prevented if the operating personnel regulate.
- the device described in US 4596550 could not automatically counteract a disturbance, such as a kink in the venous line.
- the obstruction of the blood flow in the venous tubing would immediately lead to an escalation of the system because an additional pump is connected between the venous line container and the patient access, which is responsible for pumping the dialyzed blood from the venous line container to the patient. Since there is no sensor for the flow resistance after this pump, the Pump power can not be adapted to the given conditions. An escalation of the system can only be prevented here if the operating personnel regulate. In the last two examples, it should be emphasized that the devices lack a control system that counteracts disturbance, especially during a venous phase.
- the present invention is characterized by an automated control system in which, depending on the currently promoted blood volume of a phase (arterial or venous) and its deviation from a defined setpoint (V SO II), a disorder detected independently and by continuous adjustment of the pump power (high and down control), the operation of the device for extracorporeal blood treatment can be maintained by the setpoint of the phase volume (V so n) the actual value of the phase volume (V is t) by Adjustment of the delivery rate QBP of the at least one pump (40) by means of a control device (50) is adjusted.
- tphase Is the duration of one phase from the opening of the arterial line closing device 22 until the next opening of the arterial line closing device 22. If the duration of the arterial phase is from the opening of the arterial line closing device 22 to the closing of the arterial line closing device 22.
- the duration of the venous phase is from the opening of the venous line closing device 32 to the closing of the venous line closing device 32.
- Phase Volume Is the volume pumped by the pump during the duration of a phase.
- the actual value of the phase volume is the phase volume actually delivered during a phase, which corresponds to the nominal value of the phase volume during a perfect dialysis process and deviates from the nominal value of the phase volume in the event of malfunctions.
- the setpoint value of the phase volume is specified for the first phase at the beginning of the dialysis, e.g. determined by the operator or automatically based on reference values of previous dialysis sessions and may well vary. For each additional phase, the setpoint value of the phase volume corresponds to the actual value of the phase volume of the preceding phase.
- the present invention thus relates to an extracorporeal blood treatment device with
- venous line closing means (32) for closing the venous line (3) while simultaneously or substantially simultaneously opening the arterial line (2) in response to a signal B transmitted from the sensor means (21) to a venous line closing means (32) and
- control device then (50) when the phase volume V is actually conveyed as n deviates from the phase volume V, the feed rate QBP the at least one pump (40) so that regulates this deviation goes AV zero.
- That the arterial line container (20) is arranged in the arterial line (2) in front of the blood treatment device (5) means that the arterial line container (20) is in the blood flow direction before the blood treatment device (5) and thus between the arterial line closing device (22) and blood treatment device (5) is arranged.
- the arterial line container (20) is disposed between arterial line closing means (22) and pump (40).
- That the venous line container (30) is located in the venous line (3) behind the blood treatment device (5) means that the venous line container (30) is located in the blood flow direction behind the blood treatment device (5) and thus between venous line closing device (32) and blood treatment device (5) is arranged.
- the term “simultaneously” or “substantially simultaneously” means that the closing of the arterial line closing device (22) takes place simultaneously with the opening of the venous line closing device (32) and, accordingly, the closing of the venous line closing device (32) at the same time as the opening the arterial line closing device (22) takes place.
- a continuous blood flow is maintained receive.
- the term “at the same time” means that both operations, ie closing 32 and opening 22 and closing 22 and opening 32, expire within one second.
- a sensor means (31) for detecting an above-limit amount of treated blood in the venous line container (30), means that an upper limit for contained treated blood or a level or a maximum pressure correlating with the level is to be detected, indicating that the venous line container (30) contains a predetermined maximum amount of liquid and is therefore full and now the emptying should be initiated.
- the sensor device (31) as described above measures a level or maximum level or a predetermined pressure or a predetermined overpressure or checks the achievement of such a predetermined limit and upon reaching the predetermined level or pressure, a signal to the control device (50) which then controls the closing of the arterial line closure device (22) and simultaneous opening of the venous line closure device (32).
- an arterial line closing device (22) for closing the arterial line (2) at the same time opening the venous line (3) responsive to a signal A, which is transmitted from the sensor device (31) via the control device (50) to the arterial line closing device (22),
- the sensor device (21) as described above measures a level or minimum level or a predetermined pressure or a predetermined negative pressure or checks the achievement of such a predetermined limit and upon reaching the predetermined level or pressure, a signal to the control device (50) which then controls the closing of the venous line closure device (32) and simultaneous opening of the arterial line closure device (22).
- a venous line closing device (32) for closing the venous line (3) at the same time opening the arterial line (2) in response to a signal B from the sensor device (21) via the control device
- a venous line closing device (32) for closing the venous line (3) with simultaneous opening of the arterial line (2) in response to a signal B from the control device (50) to a venous line
- Locking device (32) is transmitted.
- the present invention thus relates to an extracorporeal blood treatment device with - A control device (50) for controlling the opening and closing of an arterial line (2) at the same time closing and opening a venous line (3), with which untreated blood through the arterial line (2) is removable, by a blood treatment device (5) and conductive as treated blood is traceable through the venous line (3),
- a venous line closing device (32) for closing the venous line (3) at the same time opening the arterial line (2) in response to a signal B from the sensor device (21) via the control device
- Phase volume V is t deviated from the phase volume V so n, the flow rate QBP of at least one pump (40) so regulated that this deviation AV goes to zero.
- the present invention relates to an extracorporeal blood treatment device with
- a control device (50) for controlling the opening and closing of an arterial line (2) with simultaneous closing and opening of a venous line (3) with which untreated blood can be withdrawn through the arterial line (2), is conductible by a blood treatment device (5) and is traceable as treated blood through the venous line (3),
- Blood treatment device (5) is arranged,
- control means (50) when the actually delivered phase volume V ist deviates from the phase volume V so n within one phase, controls the delivery rate QBP of the at least one pump (40) during the subsequent phase such that this deviation ⁇ V approaches zero.
- the aforementioned characterizing part may also alternatively be formulated as follows: characterized in that
- Phase volume V is deviated from the phase volume V so n within a phase, the flow rate QBP of the at least one pump (40) during the subsequent phase so that V is t is adjusted to V so n n.
- control device (50) is designed to automatically set a phase volume as a function of the actual delivery rate QBP of the at least one pump (40) to a predefined value V so n during a phase, wherein
- This control device (50) is designed as a control circuit in which the phase volume is adjustable to a definable setpoint V so n, wherein the deviation AV of an actual value V is t the phase volume of its setpoint V so n used for control, and wherein
- the control with a change in the power of the pump (40) includes an automatic adjustment of the actual value V is t the phase volume at its setpoint V so n and the concomitant change in the period of a phase tphase, said control in the venous phase and in the arterial phase can take place.
- the target value of the phase volume V as the current phase of n is the actual value of the phase volume V t is the previous phase.
- the blood flows freely and is no constriction in the arterial line (2) and / or the venous line (3) as the target value of the phase volume V corresponds to n the actual value of the phase volume V is t and AV is approximately zero, or in consideration of a certain tolerance range zero ,
- phase volume V is actually promoted during the current phase V is for the following phase to setpoint of the phase volume V SO II.
- the delivery rate of the pump (40) is reduced so that the volume AV is promoted less in the subsequent phase. If, in the subsequent phase, the actual value of the phase volume V is t reaches the setpoint value of the phase volume V so n, this means that no further constriction has occurred, but the existing constriction has not been widened or has widened.
- the restriction continues to progress or is added a further narrowing, so also in the subsequent phase of the actual value of the phase volume V is smaller than the target value of the phase volume V n and AV so in turn is less than zero.
- the device according to the invention in the embodiments described herein can thus automatically and automatically control the blood flow at constrictions in the region of the lines between venous line container (30), patient and arterial line container (20) in order to maintain the progress of dialysis and without having to interrupt the dialysis session or to require the intervention of the nursing staff by means of a warning.
- the prerequisite for this automatic regulation of the delivery rate of the pump (40) is that the narrowing in the arterial line (2) between the patient and the arterial line container (20) is not so strong that the blood flows more slowly into the arterial line container (20) than the pump (40) it takes the arterial line container (20) again. This would be such a serious disturbance that a warning would be issued and the dialysis would have to be interrupted.
- the pump (40) is then automatically switched off. The same applies if the constriction in the venous line (3) between the venous line container (30) and the patient were so strong that the blood would flow out of the venous line container (30) more slowly than the pump (40) supplies blood to the venous line container (30). This would also be a Treasurestörlich, which would lead to the issue of a warning and shutdown of the pump (40).
- the device according to the invention comprises more than one pump (40), then the further pump (40) or the further pumps (40) is located between dialyzer (5) and venous line container (30) or between arterial line container (20) and dialyzer (5). All pumps (40) then preferably run at the same delivery rate QBP and are controlled simultaneously by the control device (50).
- the delivery rate of the pump (40) can be automatically reduced and at a again improved flow of blood from the venous line container (30), the delivery rate of the pump (40) automatically can be increased again without operator intervention in the control or readjustment.
- Another alternative formulation of the invention is as follows, wherein the invention relates to an extracorporeal blood treatment device
- a venous line container (30) disposed in the venous line (3) between the blood treatment device (5) and the venous line closing device (32),
- a sensor device (31) for detecting the fill level in the venous line container (30) and a signal forwarding to the control device 50 a sensor device (21) for detecting the fill level in the arterial line container (20) and a signal forwarding to the control device 50,
- an arterial line closing device (22) for closing the arterial line (2) while simultaneously opening the venous line (3) in response to a signal A transmitted from the control device (50) to the arterial line closing device (22) when the filling level of the venous line container (30) has reached a defined limit
- a venous line closing device (32) for closing the venous line (3) while opening the arterial line (2) in response to a signal B, which is transmitted from the control device (50) to a venous line closing device (32) when the level the arterial line container (20) has reached a defined limit, and
- control device (50) when the actually delivered phase volume V ist deviates from the phase volume V so n with a deviation AV, controls the delivery rate Q B p of the at least one pump (40) so that this deviation ⁇ V approaches zero.
- the delivery rate QBP of the pump (40) or of the pumps (40) is not changed during a running phase, but at the beginning of a subsequent phase, if at the preceding phase an AV not equal to zero or greater than a predefined tolerance interval of e.g. 1 ml_ has resulted.
- the delivery rate of the pump (40) or pumps (40) at the beginning of the subsequent phase is reduced by the volume AV, i.
- the delivery rate of the pump (40) or pumps (40) at the beginning of the subsequent phase is reduced so that during the phase duration of the subsequent phase the total volume AV is less promoted.
- the single-lumen arrangement (10) is defined in this document, as can be seen in particular in Figure 1, as an arrangement of a patient access (12) on the blood vessel system (70) of the patient (see Figure 2) with a Y - 2) and the arterial line 2 connected thereto and the venous line 3, the arterial line 2 being conveyed through the arterial line container 20 and the pump 40 to the blood treatment device (FIG. 5), and the venous line (3) from the blood treatment device (5) through the venous line container (30) over the Y-piece (1 1) leads to the patient.
- the single-lumen arrangement (10) can realize the access to the patient, for example by means of a needle or a flexible indwelling cannula.
- One phase in this case comprises the period of time which lies between the opening of the arterial line closing device (22) until the next opening of the arterial line closing device (22), and is defined as the sum of the arterial phase and the venous phase.
- the arterial phase describes the period of time which lies between the opening of the arterial line closing device (22) until the closing of the arterial line closing device (22)
- the venous phase describes the time span which exists between the opening of the venous line closing device (32). until closing of the venous line closing device (32).
- control device (50) is designed as a control circuit in which the automatic adjustment of the actual value V ist of the phase volume at its setpoint V so n and the concomitant change in the period of a phase tp haS e in the venous phase can also be done in the arterial phase.
- the regulator of the control loop is designed as a P controller, I controller, D controller, PI controller, PD controller, PID controller, two-position controller, three-position controller, multi-point controller or fuzzy controller.
- the setpoint value V so n of the phase volume is at least five times, preferably at least ten times as great as a dead volume V-rot (71) of the single-lumen arrangement (10).
- the control device (50) is designed such that they have the control on the phase volume immediately following detection of a deviation AV 0 of the actual value V is the phase volume of the target value V as n to a predetermined dead time Tr 0 t delayed, wherein the predetermined dead time ⁇ - red is at least two phases, preferably at least four phases and a maximum of ten phases.
- the at least one pump (40) is disposed between the arterial line container (20) and the venous line container (30).
- the sensor devices (21, 31) are preferably designed as pressure sensors and the overpressure in the venous line container (30) measured by the sensor device (30) triggers closing of the arterial line closing device (22) and opening of the venous line closing device (32)
- the negative pressure measured by the sensor device (21) triggers closing of the venous line closing device (32) in the arterial line container (20) and opening of the arterial line closing device (22).
- the delivery rate Q B p of the pump (40) and the time period of a phase t Pha se is used, wherein the time period of a phase t Ph ase defined as the sum of the time t Ve n_Phase. which is between the signal A and the signal B, which are transmitted from the control means (50) to the arterial line closing means (22) and the venous line closing means (32), and the time t Ar t_phase, the between the signal B and the signal A, which are transmitted from the control device (50) to the arterial line closing device (22) and the venous line closing device (32).
- the treated accumulated blood volume is as large as possible.
- the peculiarity of single-lumen operation reduces a volume defined by the single-lumen connection of the blood treatment devices to the patient's vasculature, referred to as the dead volume, the volume of blood being treated. Since the already purified blood in the single-lumen access to the patient, ie the dead volume, is again supplied extracorporeal to the dialyzer in the arterial phase, the effectiveness of the treatment decreases.
- the blood contained in this dead volume V To t is called recirculation volume, because during each arterial phase a certain amount of blood due to the existing dead space in the extracorporeal circulation is not in the patient's body is reinfused.
- phase volume Vphase The phase volume V Pha se results from the volume of blood in the arterial phase V Ar t_phase> which is taken from the patient or the volume of blood in the venous phase V Ve n_Phase. which is returned to the patient.
- the blood volume of the arterial and venous phase is differentiated by the volume of fluid that is removed from the blood in the dialyzer by ultrafiltration.
- Veff V A rt Phase "V-red-
- phase volume Vp ha se is carried out by multiplying the delivery rate QBP of the blood pump and the time span tp haS e to one phase:
- Vphase Q ⁇ P * tphase wherein the time tphase of a phase resulting from the addition of the time span of the arterial phase t Ar t_phase and the time span of the venous phase En phase results in: tphase - tArt_Phase + tven_Phase
- the arterial flow QArt_Biut and the venous flow Qven_Biut which also interact with the phase volume Vp ha se according to the following equations, are to be distinguished from the delivery rate QBP of the blood pump.
- Vphase Art Phase + Vven_Phase.
- Vven_Phase Qven_Blut * tven_Phase hase for Vp following applies:
- Vphase QßP * (tArt_Phase + tven_Phase) The accumulated blood volume that is taken from the patient during therapy and reinfused again results in:
- Viotherapie Q-Art_Blut * tArt_Phase * tiherapie / (tArt_Phase + tven_Phase) while the total dead volume V To t total over the entire therapy too
- the phase volume as a function of the current delivery rate Q B p of the at least one pump to a predefined value V set so that is increased by a decrease in the delivery rate QB P, the period in which in the arterial or Venen effets employer the predetermined limit is reached.
- the system now has more time to reach the corresponding predefined value V so n for the phase volume.
- the delivery rate of the pump is located in the subsequent phases, the phase volume still below this predefined value V n so again reduced accordingly.
- the control device in which the phase volume is automatically controlled to a desired value, wherein the deviation AV of an actual value V, s t of the phase volume of its setpoint V so n is used for control.
- the controller of the control loop as P- Controller, I controller, D controller, PI controller, PD controller, PID controller, two-position controller, three-position controller, multi-point controller or fuzzy controller designed. Due to the large selection of these different types of controllers, it is easily possible to fine tune the control so that even the smallest AV values lead to intervention of the control and thus the phase volume over the entire therapy can be kept approximately constant, creating a optimal therapy is ensured.
- the individual mathematical formulations of the various controllers is dispensed with at this point, since the configuration of a corresponding controller and the constant factors to be used there can vary depending on the device according to the invention used and their determination is at the discretion of the skilled person.
- n of the phase volume of at least five times to keep the target value V as preferably at least ten times as large as the dead volume of the single-lumen device 10. This ensures that the largest possible effective blood volume is cleaned over the entire therapy.
- the control device is designed such that it delays the control of the phase volume immediately after detection of a deviation AV 0 of the actual value Vj S t of the phase volume of its setpoint V so n by a predetermined dead time T To t.
- T To t a predetermined dead time
- the control is unnecessarily responsive when the deviation AV ⁇ 0 is within a tolerance range. This can be caused for example by systemic influences, such as when using a structurally not uniformly promoting roller pump, or by only short-term disturbances, such as a short-term kink in the arterial and / or venous line.
- the dead time Tiot should therefore not be absolutely fixed, but define itself at a certain number of predetermined phases, consisting of an arterial and a venous phase, as already described above.
- this dead time T To as at least two such phases, preferably as four such phases and a maximum of ten such phases.
- the sensor devices associated with the arterial line and venous line containers prefferably be designed as pressure sensors. This can be achieved in a simple manner by occurring underpressures or overpressures in Arterien effet Gustavs- or venous line container whose level and with the help of the control device or the delivery rate of the pump and the time passed between opening and closing time or of the promoted in this time blood of the actual value V is to be determined for the phase volume.
- Figure 1 a schematic representation of an embodiment of a
- Figure 2 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of an on
- FIGS. 1 shows an embodiment of an extracorporeal blood treatment device according to the invention is shown schematically.
- a patient 1 to be treated is connected to the device by a single-lumen arrangement 10.
- the single-lumen arrangement 10 as can be seen in particular from FIGS.
- the single-lumen assembly 10 can access the patient, for example by means of a needle or a realize flexible indwelling cannula.
- blood is taken from the vascular system 70 of the patient 1 by means of the patient access 12 of the single-lumen arrangement 10.
- the blood to be purified passes from the patient access 12 via the arterial line 2 into an arterial line container 20, where it passes through an arterial line closing device 22 arranged in the arterial line 2.
- the blood is now conveyed further along the arterial line 2 extending to a blood treatment device 5.
- a pump 40 which may be formed, for example, as a roller pump.
- the actual purification of the blood takes place in that by means of diffusion and / or convection the blood is removed from toxic substances and / or liquid.
- the blood is purified by means of a semipermeable membrane 8 arranged in the blood treatment device 5.
- the blood to be purified flows in this embodiment in countercurrent to a dialysis fluid supplied via a dialysis fluid inlet 6 to the blood treatment device 5 via the semipermeable membrane.
- Dialysier thoroughlykeitsablauf 7 is consumed enriched with the toxins to be purified from the blood to be purified Dialysis fluid supplied to a collecting device not shown.
- the purified blood is taken from the blood treatment device 5 by means of a venous line 3 arranged and conveyed into a venous line container 30.
- the purified blood is fed back to the single lumen arrangement 10 via a continuation of the venous line 3, whereby a venous line closing device 32 arranged in the venous line 3 passes through.
- the purified blood via the patient access 12 of the Y-piece 1 1 is now almost completely reinfused into the vascular system 70 of the patient 1 to be treated.
- an extracorporeal blood treatment device with a single-lumen arrangement 10 as access to the vascular system 70 of the patient 1 it is not possible due to this special embodiment to remove the patient to be treated 1 simultaneously both to be purified blood and purified blood back into the patient 1 to reinfuse.
- extracorporeal blood treatment devices with single-lumen arrangement 10 are equipped with special control and sensor elements as described in this exemplary embodiment, which allow the patient to remove blood to be cleaned in phases alternately and to reinfuse purified blood.
- these control elements and sensor elements also include sensor devices 21, 31 associated with the arterial line container 20 or the venous line container 30, by which a statement about the level in the respective container 20, 30 can be won.
- this also includes a control device 50, a monitoring device 51, a memory device 52, a display device 60, an input device 61 and a communication device 62nd
- control device 50 receives data from the sensor elements 31 and 21. From this data, the elements of this group, and in particular the controller 50, can communicate to both the closure devices 22 and 32 and the pump 40 instructions to change their current operating state. Furthermore, the control device 50, the monitoring device 51 and the memory device 52 with the display device 60, the input device 61 and the communication device 62 bidirectionally exchange data and information.
- the mode of operation of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 will now be described below, reference being not made to the start of therapy, but to the mode of operation during therapy already in progress.
- the situation during normal trouble-free operation is as follows: During the arterial phase, the arterial line closing device 22 is opened, so that the blood taken from the patient 1 by means of the single-lumen arrangement 10 passes through the arterial line 2 into the arterial line Arterial line container 20 can flow.
- the arterial line closing device 22 is opened, so that the blood taken from the patient 1 by means of the single-lumen arrangement 10 passes through the arterial line 2 into the arterial line Arterial line container 20 can flow.
- At the beginning of an arterial phase there is a negative pressure in the arterial line container 20, which ensures that the blood is sucked by the patient and the arterial line container 20 fills to a certain level, where a pressure equalization between the negative pressure in the arterial line container 20 and the blood pressure of the Patient has taken place.
- the arterial line container 20 stops filling and blood flows as it is pumped out of the arterial line container 20 by the pump (40).
- the pump 40 continues to deliver the blood already contained in the arterial line container 20 by continuing the arterial line 2 into the blood treatment device 5 designed as a dialyzer, where the blood removes toxic substances by diffusion and / or convection and the weight of the patient is removed by the ultrafiltration Liquid is reduced.
- the now already treated blood passes through the venous line 3 into the venous line container 30. Since in the arterial phase the venous line closing device 32 is closed, the blood in the venous line container 30 can not flow away and via the single-lumen arrangement into the vascular system 70 of the patient 1 reinfundiert.
- the venous line container 30 fills with blood already treated until a certain upper level defined in the venous line container 30 has been reached.
- This limit value is detected in the present exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 by the sensor device 31 designed as a pressure sensor on the basis of a predefined overpressure within the venous line container 30. If this overpressure value is transmitted by the pressure sensor 32 to the control device 50, at the same time (Signal A) causes the arterial line 2 to be closed by the arterial line closing device 22 and the venous line 3 to be opened by the venous line closing device 32. The arterial phase is thus terminated and the venous phase in which the patient 1 is already starting treated blood is reinfused.
- the venous line container 30 empties due to the overpressure of the present in the venous line container 30 and the continuous promotion of blood through the pump 40 into the venous line container 30. Under normal conditions (no disturbance in the venous line), the outflow from the venous line container 30 is greater than the inflow in the venous line container 30.
- the promotion of the pump 40 not only the venous line container 30 is continuously supplied with blood, but also the arterial line container 20 emptied. This happens until a certain defined by a threshold lower level in the arterial line container 20 is reached.
- This limit value is detected in the present exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 by the sensor device 21 designed as a pressure sensor on the basis of a predefined negative pressure within the arterial line container 20. When this negative pressure value is transmitted to the control device 50 by the pressure sensor 21, it simultaneously causes (signal B) a closing of the venous line 3 by the venous line closing device 32 and an opening of the arterial line by the arterial line closing device 22.
- This mode of operation described so far represents the desired mode of operation without interference.
- the volume of the patient access 12 is therefore also referred to as dead volume 71, since in an extracorporeal blood purification device with a single-lumen arrangement 4 it is unavoidable that the blood located in this dead volume 71 at the end of the venous phase without previously entering the vascular system 70 of the patient 1 to be reinfused, is again subjected to a cleaning cycle.
- the flow resistance for the blood which is emptied from the venous line container 30, increases there and thus flows more slowly during the venous phase than without kinking.
- the effluent from the venous line container 30 is slower in the event of a fault to which the system can automatically respond than, without the disturbance, still faster than the inflow determined by the pump.
- the ratio of inflow and outflow shifts from the venous line container 30 in favor of the inflow, whereby the volume of liquid in the venous line container 30 does not decrease, but increases.
- the arterial line container 20 is further deflated by the continuous delivery of the pump 40 until the predefined limit value for the negative pressure in the arterial line container 20 is reached.
- the control device 50, the arterial line closing device 22 is opened and the venous line closing device 32 is closed, so that the venous phase is completed and the arterial phase begins.
- the level is higher there at the beginning of the arterial phase compared to the undisturbed extracorporeal circuit, so that with unchanged delivery rate of the pump 40 reaches the predefined limit for the overpressure in the venous line container 30 faster becomes.
- the arterial phase volume is low in comparison to the undisturbed system because the control device 50 terminates the arterial phase when the sensor device 31 detects the predefined limit value for the overpressure in the venous line container 30 and forwards it to the control device 50. In the following venous phase, this scenario is repeated, with persistent disorder.
- the level in the venous line container 30 is even higher at the end of this venous phase than in the previous phase, so that even less blood is conveyed by the pump 40 into the venous line container 30 in the following arterial phase would.
- the system would now escalate and, in the extreme case, both the venous line container 30 and the arterial line container 20 would reach the predefined limits immediately after switching by the control means 50 from the arterial to the venous phase or vice versa and there would be no more phase volume promoted.
- the deviation AV of the actual value V is t of the phase volume delivered by the pump 40 during a phase formed from the arterial and venous phases from that in the storage device 52 Setpoint V so determined n.
- the deviation AV is positive and if it is outside a predefined tolerance range, the control loop now intervenes in the system and causes the control device 50 to reduce the delivery rate of the pump 40 by a certain amount.
- phase volume Vi St is within the tolerance range of V so n, the controller no longer acts.
- the phase volume V is t was thus set automatically by the control loop without intervention of the user in the tolerance range of the setpoint V S0 n.
- a change in the viscosity of the blood of the patient 1 can be considered during therapy.
- the phase volume to blood flow behaves differently for different viscosities. Viscosity changes during therapy naturally also occur due to the unavoidable fluid loss of the patient 1. Also, such viscosity changes cause a change in the flow resistance in the hose system of the apparatus be regarded as a disturbance, since this is the amount of the ratio of V / V To t becomes smaller and thus the effectiveness of the therapy is deteriorated.
- Such a disturbance occurring due to a change in the viscosity of the blood during the therapy of the patient 1 can also be correspondingly influenced by the control circuit, so that the optimal effectiveness of the therapy is achieved.
- phase volume V shows the behavior of the phase volume V is t in the undisturbed state over time when using a conventional in the field of extracorporeal blood treatment roller pump 40 by way of example.
- the background to this is that deviations of the phase volume Vist are unavoidable by the use of a roller pump. However, such deviations should not already lead to the phase volume V is regulated to the setpoint V S0 n. Only when the actual value of the phase volume V is t the predetermined tolerance range or tunnel leaves, the control loop should intervene to ensure the best possible effectiveness of the therapy with the best possible cost-effectiveness.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU2013129870/14A RU2546087C1 (ru) | 2010-12-14 | 2011-12-14 | Устройство для экстракорпоральной очистки крови |
US13/994,379 US9114214B2 (en) | 2010-12-14 | 2011-12-14 | Extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus |
BR112013013242-6A BR112013013242B1 (pt) | 2010-12-14 | 2011-12-14 | aparelho de tratamento de sangue extracorpóreo |
EP11799369.1A EP2651467B1 (de) | 2010-12-14 | 2011-12-14 | Extrakorporale blutbehandlungsvorrichtung |
CN201180060059.4A CN103260669B (zh) | 2010-12-14 | 2011-12-14 | 体外血液处理设备 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10015621.5 | 2010-12-14 | ||
EP10015621A EP2465553A1 (de) | 2010-12-14 | 2010-12-14 | Extrakorporale Blutbehandlungsvorrichtung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012079755A1 true WO2012079755A1 (de) | 2012-06-21 |
Family
ID=44070515
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2011/006312 WO2012079755A1 (de) | 2010-12-14 | 2011-12-14 | Extrakorporale blutbehandlungsvorrichtung |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9114214B2 (de) |
EP (2) | EP2465553A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN103260669B (de) |
BR (1) | BR112013013242B1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2546087C1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2012079755A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009026592B4 (de) | 2009-05-29 | 2014-08-28 | Sorin Group Deutschland Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Festlegung des venösen Zuflusses zu einem Blutreservoir eines extrakorporalen Blutkreislaufs |
EP2545948B1 (de) | 2011-07-12 | 2014-04-16 | Sorin Group Italia S.r.l. | Doppelkammer-Blutreservoir |
DE102013001437A1 (de) | 2013-01-29 | 2014-08-14 | Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh | Extrakorporale Blutbehandlungsvorrichtung für den Betrieb mit einem einzigen Patientenanschluss und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer extrakorporalen Blutbehandlungsvorrichtung mit einem einzigen Patientenanschluss |
EP3142719B1 (de) * | 2014-05-16 | 2019-11-06 | Sorin Group Italia S.r.l. | Blutreservoir mit flüssigkeitsvolumenmessung auf der basis eines drucksensors |
CN104906645B (zh) * | 2015-04-17 | 2017-09-05 | 上海工程技术大学 | 一种血液净化仪多蠕动泵模糊控制方法 |
CN105749365B (zh) * | 2016-04-26 | 2018-01-12 | 济南市儿童医院 | 一种动静脉同步换血装置及系统 |
CN107411818B (zh) | 2016-05-23 | 2020-11-03 | 波士顿科学医学有限公司 | 流体装置、方法和系统 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US518511A (en) | 1894-04-17 | Electric railway-signal | ||
DE3422375A1 (de) | 1983-06-21 | 1985-01-03 | Klaus F. Prof. Dr. 8017 Ebersberg Kopp | Fluidbehandlung mit single-lumen-katheter |
US4596550A (en) | 1982-09-24 | 1986-06-24 | Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. | Method and apparatus for ultrafiltration measurement in a two pump dialysis system |
US4643714A (en) | 1985-08-05 | 1987-02-17 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Single needle apparatus |
US5318511A (en) | 1991-02-06 | 1994-06-07 | Hospal Industrie | Method and apparatus for controlling the circulation of blood in a single needle circuit |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4051812B2 (ja) | 1998-04-13 | 2008-02-27 | 株式会社ジェイ・エム・エス | 制御機能を備えた体外循環装置 |
JP2002325837A (ja) | 2000-06-15 | 2002-11-12 | Nefuronetto:Kk | 自動血液透析装置 |
DE60204883T3 (de) * | 2002-09-05 | 2013-10-24 | Gambro Lundia Ab | Steuerung für eine Blutbehandlungsvorrichtung |
RU2258452C2 (ru) | 2003-09-03 | 2005-08-20 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Государственный научный центр "Научно-исследовательский институт органических полупродуктов и красителей" (ФГУП "ГНЦ "НИОПИК") | Устройство и способ диагностики и фотодинамической терапии заболеваний глаз |
US7981280B2 (en) * | 2006-01-06 | 2011-07-19 | Renal Solutions, Inc. | Recirculation of blood in an extracorporeal blood treatment system |
JP5080570B2 (ja) * | 2006-06-08 | 2012-11-21 | フレセニウス・メディカル・ケア・ドイチュラント・ゲーエムベーハー | 体外血液処理デバイスをコントロールするためのデバイス及び方法 |
-
2010
- 2010-12-14 EP EP10015621A patent/EP2465553A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-12-14 RU RU2013129870/14A patent/RU2546087C1/ru active
- 2011-12-14 BR BR112013013242-6A patent/BR112013013242B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2011-12-14 CN CN201180060059.4A patent/CN103260669B/zh active Active
- 2011-12-14 US US13/994,379 patent/US9114214B2/en active Active
- 2011-12-14 EP EP11799369.1A patent/EP2651467B1/de active Active
- 2011-12-14 WO PCT/EP2011/006312 patent/WO2012079755A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US518511A (en) | 1894-04-17 | Electric railway-signal | ||
US4596550A (en) | 1982-09-24 | 1986-06-24 | Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. | Method and apparatus for ultrafiltration measurement in a two pump dialysis system |
DE3422375A1 (de) | 1983-06-21 | 1985-01-03 | Klaus F. Prof. Dr. 8017 Ebersberg Kopp | Fluidbehandlung mit single-lumen-katheter |
US4643714A (en) | 1985-08-05 | 1987-02-17 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Single needle apparatus |
US5318511A (en) | 1991-02-06 | 1994-06-07 | Hospal Industrie | Method and apparatus for controlling the circulation of blood in a single needle circuit |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN103260669B (zh) | 2015-07-08 |
RU2013129870A (ru) | 2015-03-27 |
US9114214B2 (en) | 2015-08-25 |
US20130331758A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
BR112013013242A2 (pt) | 2016-09-06 |
BR112013013242B1 (pt) | 2021-02-23 |
EP2651467A1 (de) | 2013-10-23 |
EP2465553A1 (de) | 2012-06-20 |
EP2651467B1 (de) | 2016-05-18 |
CN103260669A (zh) | 2013-08-21 |
RU2546087C1 (ru) | 2015-04-10 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2651467B1 (de) | Extrakorporale blutbehandlungsvorrichtung | |
EP0408955B1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung von Blutpumpen bei einem extrakorporalen Kreislauf mit einer Single-Needle-Anordnung | |
DE68906744T2 (de) | Ein in-line-Infiltrationsdetektionsgerät und Methode. | |
DE102007026010B4 (de) | Vorrichtung zur Steuerung einer Einrichtung zum Fördern von Blut und Verfahren zum Fördern von Blut in einer Blutleitung eines extrakorporalen Blutkreislaufs einer extrakorporalen Blutbehandlungsvorrichtung | |
DE69200773T2 (de) | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Nivellieren einer Flüssigkeit in einer Kammer eines extrakorporalen Blutkreislaufs. | |
EP0373455B1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Hämofiltration und Hämodiafiltration | |
DE2754894A1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur fluessigkeits-bilanzierung unter sterilen bedingungen | |
EP3041525B1 (de) | Medizinische vorrichtung mit einer steuervorrichtung zum beeinflussen des drucks innerhalb eines heizbeutels während einer medizinischen behandlung | |
EP2106266A2 (de) | Verfahren zum primen eines blutschlauchsatzes | |
EP3223882B1 (de) | Dialysemaschine | |
DE2506039C2 (de) | Hämodialysesystem | |
DE2754810B2 (de) | Hämofiltrationsgeräe | |
DE19962314A1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur Peritonialdialyse | |
EP2291210A1 (de) | Universell anwendbares optimiertes perfusionssystem | |
EP3024511A1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur überwachung eines extrakorporalen blutkreislaufs | |
EP3237036B1 (de) | Infusionsleitung mit einrichtung zum begünstigen einer vermischung einer infusionslösung mit einem weiteren fluid | |
EP0513672B1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Blut mit volumetrischer Flüssigkeitsbilanzierung | |
WO2021094317A1 (de) | Dialysemaschine zur durchführung einer push-pull-dialysebehandlung | |
WO2015192927A1 (de) | Haemofiltrationsgerät, schlauchset und dessen verwendung und verfahren zum betrieb eines haemofiltrationsgeräts | |
DE3700804A1 (de) | Verfahren zur konzentration von geloesten substanzen sowie anlage fuer die konzentration | |
EP4069330B1 (de) | Automatisches primen einer extrakorporalen blutbehandlungsvorrichtung unter verwendung eines push-pull-verfahrens | |
EP4225397A1 (de) | Automatisches entleeren eines dialysators nach einer blutbehandlungstherapie | |
DE3834125C1 (en) | Method of preventing the back-filtration of haemodialysis solution during haemodialysis | |
DD213836A1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur fluessigkeitssubstitution bei der blutreinigung |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 11799369 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2011799369 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2013129870 Country of ref document: RU Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13994379 Country of ref document: US |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: BR Ref legal event code: B01A Ref document number: 112013013242 Country of ref document: BR |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 112013013242 Country of ref document: BR Kind code of ref document: A2 Effective date: 20130528 |