WO2012074519A1 - Procédé de régulation de la température de produit horticole - Google Patents

Procédé de régulation de la température de produit horticole Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012074519A1
WO2012074519A1 PCT/US2010/058470 US2010058470W WO2012074519A1 WO 2012074519 A1 WO2012074519 A1 WO 2012074519A1 US 2010058470 W US2010058470 W US 2010058470W WO 2012074519 A1 WO2012074519 A1 WO 2012074519A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
temperature
water
reservoir
heat exchanger
horticultural product
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Application number
PCT/US2010/058470
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English (en)
Inventor
Jody A. Gorran
J. David Sizelove
Original Assignee
Aquatherm Industries, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aquatherm Industries, Inc. filed Critical Aquatherm Industries, Inc.
Priority to PCT/US2010/058470 priority Critical patent/WO2012074519A1/fr
Publication of WO2012074519A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012074519A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • A01G9/246—Air-conditioning systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improved process for maintaining and/or adjusting the root zone and/or foliage temperature of horticultural products within an optimum growth temperature zone using a tube mat heat exchanger contained in a greenhouse or any location where plants are stored.
  • Greenhouses are well known in the agricultural and horticultural arts, and provide a protected cultivation system to optimize horticultural product growth, and to extend the growing season.
  • a greenhouse includes (1) a superstructure or framework construction which provides physical boundary and structural support, (2) cover material, which provides the environmental boundary and protection from ambient wind and rain, while limiting heat, mass and insect transfer, (3) environmental control equipment to maintain desired air-water properties environment, and (4) nutrient delivery equipment to provide water, fertilizer and oxygen to the horticultural product root zone. See generally, Giacomelli et al . , “Innovation in Greenhouse Engineering", Proc. IS on GreenSys (2007).
  • the quality of greenhouse growth medium is determined by its type, and the amount of nutrients used to fertilize the growth medium, while the amount of sunlight can be controlled by partially or fully shading plants from direct sunlight.
  • the amount of moisture can be controlled by metering the amount of irrigation water supplied to the horticultural product, as well as by misting air in the immediate vicinity of the horticultural product .
  • root zone which is comprised of growth medium and the root system contained therein.
  • U.S. Patent 4,411,101 to Springer et al illustrates an apparatus for root zone heating. See also Wilkerson et al . , "Controlled Environment Systems for Studying root Zone Temperature Effects on Cutting Propagation, " 19 Applied Engineering in Agriculture 483 (2003) .
  • the second temperature zone of interest to horticulturists is plant canopy or foliage.
  • the sunlight load on a greenhouse can raise interior temperatures above the optimum plant growth temperature range of 75-80°F.
  • Horticultural products can be "cooked” if their foliage temperature is permitted to rise too high.
  • Temperature control of the horticultural product's foliage is often viewed interchangeably with climate control of the greenhouse interior.
  • Greenhouse roof and side wall vents can be used to create natural convection and thereby exhaust hot air from the greenhouse interior.
  • Forced ventilation fans
  • a disadvantage of both of these greenhouse cooling methods is the loss of high C0 2 content air, since plants employ C0 2 in photosynthesis.
  • Another disadvantage is possible entry of insect pests and debris. Insect screens have been shown to significantly reduce airflow and increase thermal gradients and humidity inside the greenhouse.
  • Greenhouse temperature can also be controlled by shading the structure from direct sunlight by means of paints, external shade cloths, louvers or slatted blinds, and/or partially reflective shade screens. Paints can reduce the infrared portion of the incident light spectrum, but their shading density is not easily changed and they often must be removed in the fall.
  • Lowering air temperature by evaporation of water is one of the most effective methods for controlling the temperature and humidity inside a greenhouse.
  • Evaporative cooling using fan-pad systems, fog/mist systems and roof evaporative cooling techniques are known .
  • Heat exchanger systems can also be used to cool a greenhouse interior.
  • Earth-to-air heat exchanger systems EAHES
  • Aquifer coupled cavity flow heat exchanger systems Aquifer coupled cavity flow heat exchanger systems (ACCFHES) circulate deep underground well water to cool air contained within a greenhouse.
  • Solar radiation is the primary greenhouse heating system.
  • auxiliary greenhouse heating systems heat storage systems
  • water storage systems include water-filled plastic bags and ground tubes placed inside the greenhouse on the pathways between rows of plants, as well as water tanks or barrels placed alongside the north side the greenhouse. These water storage systems absorb and store solar radiation during the day. At night, the stored thermal energy is returned to the greenhouse interior by natural convection and radiation.
  • Exterior water storage heating systems are also known.
  • a shallow solar pond and/or solar flat plate collectors can be used to absorb solar energy which is then used to heat the greenhouse.
  • Other heat storage systems include rock bed storage, phase change materials, earth to air heat exchange systems, movable insulation, ground air collectors, north wall thermal energy storage systems, and aquifer coupled cavity flow heat exchange systems.
  • Lee et al . , ASABI Paper No. 097059 (2009) discloses the use of two water tanks as an energy storage system for heating and cooling a greenhouse.
  • U.S. Patent 4,577,435 to Springer et al discloses an array of flexible, individually movable plastic tubes which are positioned under plant root systems to heat and cool the root systems and the air around the plants.
  • the system may be used with boilers, refrigeration units, solar ponds and geothermal energy sources .
  • U.S. Patent 7,069,689 to Craven et al discloses a method and system for regulating plant growth by creating a temperature gradient between the plant's vegetative portion and its roots. The temperature gradient is created by running cold water through a system of pipes or conduits.
  • the use of tube mat heat exchangers having a plurality of parallel hollow tubes either connected directly to adjacent tubes or to a web connecting adjacent tubes for solar heating is well known. See, for example, U.S. Patent 7,634,994 to Sizelove, which discloses a high-efficiency, wind-resistant tube mat heat exchanger suitable for mounting on a roof.
  • the tube mat heat exchangers are located on the exterior or outside of a structure in solar heating applications.
  • U.S. Patent 4,270,596 to Zinn et al discloses the use of tube mat heat exchangers in an embedded radiant heating system, in which the tube mat is embedded within or covered by a structural matrix such as a concrete slab. The tube mat is not exposed to ambient air in an embedded radiant heating system.
  • Tube mat heat exchangers have also been used to heat the root zones of plants, although it is not believed such heat exchangers have been used to cool plant root zones or to maintain the root zone temperature within an optimum range.
  • U.S. Patent 4,577,435 to Springer et al argues tube mat exchangers have a substantial cost disadvantage and are limited in the configuration of arrays in which they may be arranged, in comparison to a heat exchanger comprising an array of individually movable, flexible tubes which are positioned under the plant root systems and/or are used for space heating and cooling proximate the plant foliage.
  • U.S. Patent 4,159,595 to Dalle et al discloses a heat exchanger for heating and cooling plant soil. The heat exchanger comprises a plurality of elongated flat flexible hoses having a thin wall resting on the soil.
  • U.S. Patent 5,009,029 to Wittlin discloses a conductive temperature control system for plant cultivation which employs a temperature-controlled liquid in a closed and pressurized metal piping system adapted to permit conductive heating and cooling of the plant growing system.
  • the piping system includes a plurality of parallel pipes in spaced, separate relationship whose ends are connected to an inlet and exit manifold, respectively.
  • An object of the present invention is to continuously maintain the temperature of at least one region of at least one horticultural product within an optimum temperature range for growth .
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide simultaneous and precise climate control of different optimum growth temperature ranges for different horticultural products located in different locations within the same greenhouse.
  • the present invention is a process for controlling the temperature of at least one horticultural product, comprising measuring a temperature of a region of said horticultural product ,
  • cooler water is circulated through at least one tube mat heat exchanger located in the vicinity of said horticultural product so as to cause said temperature of said horticultural product to come within said optimum temperature range, and
  • Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram illustrating the operation of the inventive process, as applied to a single tube mat heat exchanger .
  • Fig. 2 is a partial illustration of an apparatus suitable for use of the inventive process in a commercial greenhouse.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS are a partial illustration of an apparatus suitable for use of the inventive process in a commercial greenhouse.
  • the present invention is a process for controlling the temperature of at least one horticultural product .
  • horticultural products plants, flowers, crops, vegetable produce and fruits. These horticultural products are typically grown in cylindrical pots, each containing a single product, or in rectangular containers, each housing several horticultural products in spaced relationship. Other growing arrangements include trays, flats, gutters, channels, troughs, buckets and bags.
  • the first step of the process is to measure the actual temperature of a region of the horticultural product.
  • "Regions of the horticultural product” include its root zone and vegetative portion such as the stalk, stem, leaves, fruits and flowers.
  • the root zone is a preferred region of the horticultural product.
  • Temperature measurement can be performed using commercially available thermometers, which may be inserted into the growth medium of the root zone and/or placed on or near the horticultural product's vegetation. Temperature sensors can be connected to conventional thermostats or more generally, to a computer for continuous monitoring and data storage.
  • the second step of the process is to compare the horticultural product's actual temperature to its optimum temperature range for growth.
  • the optimum temperature range will depend, to some extent, on the specific horticultural product. Generally, however, the optimum root zone temperature will be 18- 32°C, preferably 20-30°C and most preferably 24-28°C.
  • the optimum growth temperature range for the leafy portion of most horticultural products will be 23.8 to 26.6°C (75-80°F) . While this temperature comparison can be manually performed, automatic comparison, for example either by a thermostat or computer, will be more efficient and economical.
  • cooler water is circulated through at least one tube mat heat exchanger located in the vicinity of the horticultural product so as to cause its temperature to come within its optimum temperature range.
  • warmer water is circulated through the tube mat heat exchanger so as to cause the horticultural product's temperature to come within its optimum temperature range.
  • the circulating water is typically returned to a reservoir from which it was drawn from.
  • reservoir it is meant any body or source of water which has sufficient volume, and which can be maintained and/or brought to the required temperature, such that the water can be used in the inventive process.
  • Non-limiting examples of “reservoir” include a storage tank, a well, pond, lake, stream, river and ocean.
  • At least one reservoir is either insulated from or is outside said greenhouse.
  • the reservoir should contain a volume of water at least equal to a volume of water contained in the tube mat heat exchanger and piping connecting the reservoir and tube mat heat exchanger, and preferably at least twice the volume of water contained in the tube mat heat exchanger and piping .
  • the warmer water is contained in a first reservoir and maintained at a temperature of at least 32°C, preferably within a temperature range of 32-43°C.
  • the first reservoir may be heated to the optimum growth temperature range by any conventional heating apparatus, such as a boiler, a heat pump, a boiler connected heat exchanger, geothermal energy sources, waste heat and a solar water heating apparatus. It is preferred the reservoir is not heated by burning fossil fuel due to cost and environmental concerns. Instead, solar collectors may be used to heat the reservoir water and/or maintain its temperature within the optimum growth temperature range.
  • the cooler water is contained in a second reservoir and is maintained at a temperature of less than 24°C, preferably within a temperature range of 15-21°C.
  • water which is returned to the second reservoir is cooled by a cooling heat pump or chiller, or is passed through a heat exchanger to extract thermal energy.
  • the second (cool water) reservoir is preferably either insulated from or is outside the greenhouse to permit efficient removal of excess heat from the greenhouse interior. Locating the second reservoir outside also reduces the amount of interior space which must be dedicated to the apparatus used to practice the inventive process.
  • the tube mat heat exchanger suitable for use in the present invention includes a plurality of hollow tubes, each hollow tube having a first end in water-tight communication with a first manifold and a second end in water-tight communication with a second manifold.
  • the coplanar hollow tubes of the heat exchanger may not be attached to one another, may be directly joined to one another or the tubes may be joined to one another by a web.
  • one or more holes are preferably formed in the web to permit air passage from one side of the heat exchange to the other. In the preferred embodiment discussed below, such holes may also permit irrigation water to drain from the top surface of the heat exchanger.
  • the hollow tubes should be closely spaced together to permit efficient heat exchange between the horticultural product and the circulating water.
  • the maximum tube center spacing should be no greater than the outer circumference of the hollow tubes, which is preferably less than about 1.2 cm (0.5 inch).
  • Tube lengths of less than 2 meters are preferred, as a relatively short tube length will minimize the temperature gradient along the length of the tube mat when the manifolds are placed on opposite sides of the tube mat.
  • 50 foot tube lengths are possible when the first and second manifolds are placed on the same side of the tube mat and counterflow techniques are used to minimize temperature variation along the length of the tubes.
  • the tube mat may be manufactured from thermoplastic polymers such as polypropylene, polybutylene , polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) elastomer.
  • thermoplastic polymers such as polypropylene, polybutylene , polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) elastomer.
  • EPDM ethylene propylene diene monomer
  • the tube mat itself - comprising the hollow tubes and, optionally, webs - is preferably manufactured as a unit, preferably by extrusion using techniques and apparatus well known to those of ordinary skill in the extrusion arts.
  • Tube mat heat exchangers suitable for use in the present invention are commercially available from Aquatherm Industries, Inc. A particularly preferred embodiment is disclosed in U.S. Patent 6,787,116, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
  • Water back pressure or pressure drop as it is more commonly called is a function of both the restriction (the transition in inner diameter between the manifold and the tubes) and the flow rate.
  • water circulating through a 240 sq. ft. array comprising six 2 ft. wide units, each 20 ft. long at a flow rate of 12 gallons per minute would exhibit a pressure drop of from 3.0 to 3.5 psi, preferably closer to 3.3 psi.
  • Water circulating through an array comprising twenty-five 2 ft. wide tube mats each 4.8 ft. at a 12 gpm flow rate would have a pressure drop of from 1.5 to 1.9 psi, preferably closer to 1.7 psi.
  • the intake and exhaust manifolds should possess sufficient internal volume to convey water at a flow rate of from 3.8 to 18.9 liters (1 to 5 gallons), preferably about 7.5 to 11.4 liters (2-3 gallons) per minute per 1.2 meter (4 foot) wide heat exchanger to support uniform heating or cooling across tube mat lengths ranging from 1.2 to 6.2 meters (4 to 20 ft) .
  • the circulating water should preferably have a velocity which is sufficient to purge air from within the tube mat heat exchanger.
  • two or more heat exchangers are joined together manifold-end-to-manifold-end such that a distance between the terminal tubes of adjoining heat exchangers is less than 5 cm (2 inches), preferably less than 3.8 cm (1.5 inches), and still more preferably less than 2.5 cm (1 inch).
  • This preferred spacing between adjacent heat exchangers can be achieved by designing the manifolds of individual heat exchangers to interlock together, whereby one end of each manifold fits into the mating end of the adjacent manifold. With this construction, at least one end of the manifold, preferably the male end, can be fitted with an o-ring which seals the joint.
  • both manifold ends When both manifold ends are either constructed with a coupling means, or are fitted with a coupling means using an attachment means, the interlocking joint can then be both pulled together and secured using conventional connecting means such as screws, clamps, nuts and bolts.
  • the manifolds are connected to the reservoir via appropriate piping, pumps and valves. The selection of appropriate pipes, pumps and valves is dependent on the specific greenhouse and system desired, and is well within the skill of those familiar with the horticultural arts.
  • the tube mat heat exchanger may be located on the greenhouse floor or supported by benches or other support at a convenient height above the greenhouse floor. At least one, and preferably a plurality of horticultural products, together with an appropriate amount of a growth medium may be placed directly on the top surface of the tube mat heat exchanger.
  • Growth medium is commercially available and is a mixture typically comprising peat moss, composted bark and/or other plant materials, sand, and perlite for drainage. Some growth medium mixtures contain particles of vermicompost , while other contain vermiculite for water retention. Most commercially available brands of growth medium have their pH buffered with ground limestone, and some contain small amounts of fertilizer and slow-release nutrients. Hydroponic growth medium may also be employed.
  • Plant growers typically employ growing tables having dimensions of, for example, 24.6 x 1.8 meters (80 x 6 feet) .
  • the horticultural products are placed on the growing table.
  • a substantially uniform growing temperature across the width and length of the growing table is important to ensure that all of the horticultural products will grow to substantially the same size at substantially the same time.
  • the tube mat heat exchanger is positioned on the growing table such that water flow is perpendicular to the main axis of the growing table to minimize temperature loss across the tube mat. Accordingly, tube mat heat exchanger lengths of less than 1.8 meters are preferred. In a preferred embodiment, tube mat heat exchangers having an area of up to 240 square feet are operatively connected together to form a heat exchange module capable of maintaining an entire growing table to a substantially uniform and constant optimum growth temperature without the need to create a counter-flow condition.
  • Suitable pumps include the Pentair Intelliflo ® model VS-3050 and Hayward EchoStar TM variable speed pumps.
  • Suitable valves include the Jandy Pool Products, Inc. model 3344 and Hayward Industries PSV3S2 three-way valves, either of which can be used in combination with Hayward Industries Goldline valve actuator model GVA-24V.
  • Fig. 1 The operation of a preferred embodiment of the inventive process is illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • three-way valve 30 is opened to permit water stored in cold water reservoir 10 to flow through lines 20 and 40 to pump 50, which pumps the cold water to through line 60 to intake manifold 70 of tube mat heat exchanger 80.
  • Tube mat 90 is in conductive relationship with the root zone of at least one horticultural product.
  • the cold water flows through individual tubes of tube mat 90, absorbing excess thermal energy from the root zone and thereby cooling it.
  • the now-warmed water is collected by return manifold 100, and is returned via line 110 through three-way valve 120 and line 130 to cold water reservoir 10.
  • cold water reservoir 10 is preferably equipped with a cooling apparatus capable of maintaining the temperature of the water contained therein at a temperature of 24°C (75°F) or below, preferably 15-21°C (59-70°F) .
  • Cold water reservoir 10 is preferably insulated to maintain the water within the preferred 15-21°C cold water temperature range.
  • Hot water reservoir 15 is preferably equipped with a heating apparatus capable of maintaining the temperature of the water contained therein at a temperature of 32°C (89°F) or above, preferably 32-43°C (89-109°F) .
  • Hot water reservoir 15 is preferably insulated to maintain the water within the preferred 32-43 °C hot water temperature range.
  • three-way valve 30 is opened to permit water stored in hot water reservoir 15 to flow through lines 25 and 40 to pump 50, which pumps the hot water to intake manifold 70 of tube mat heat exchanger 80.
  • tube mat 90 is in conductive relationship with the root zone of at least one horticultural product.
  • the hot water flows through individual tubes of tube mat 90, releasing thermal energy to the root zone and thereby warming it.
  • the now-cooled water is collected by return manifold 100, and returned via line 110 through three-way valve 120 and line 135 to hot water reservoir 15.
  • the inventive process is capable of rapidly cooling and warming the root zones of horticultural products to maintain their root zone temperature within their optimum growth temperature range of 24-28°C.
  • pump 50 is turned off, and three-way valves 30 and 120 are closed, thereby stopping water from circulating through the system.
  • Water whose temperature was raised during its passage through tube mat heat exchanger 80 can be cooled to a temperature less than 24°C by conventional cooling apparatus such as a heat pump or chiller.
  • heat extracted from the water can be stored for later use, for example, for heating the greenhouse or another structure.
  • water whose temperature was raised during its passage through tube mat heat exchanger 80 can be returned to hot water reservoir 15 rather than being returned to cold water reservoir 10.
  • water whose temperature was lowered during its passage through tube mat heat exchanger 80 can be returned to cold water reservoir 10 rather than hot water reservoir 15.
  • a tube mat heat exchanger suitable for use in the present invention may have dimensions of 20 x 2 feet or even smaller. Yet greenhouses can have a growing area of 1500 square feet or more. Some greenhouses boast an acre or more of growing space.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates how the inventive process can be applied to a greenhouse having an acre of growing space. Scale-up is achieved through the use of large internal volume intake and return manifolds in communication with very large hot and cold water reservoirs, together with a plurality of tube mat heat exchangers joined to one another in serial relationship, as discussed in detail below.
  • cold water reservoir 110 communicates through a large diameter line 112 with feed manifold 113, which may, for example, have a 12 inch internal diameter.
  • feed manifold 113 is joined to 30 individual cold water feed lines, which may each, for example, have an internal diameter of 3 inches.
  • One such cold water feed line 120 is shown communicating with three-way valve 130.
  • Those of ordinary skill will understand each of the remaining 29 cold water feed lines communicate with their own three-way valve, and that the flow diagram illustrated in Fig. 2 is replicated for each of the 29 other cold water and hot water feed lines illustrated therein.
  • three-way valve 130 is opened to permit water stored in cold water reservoir 110 to flow through large diameter line 112, feed manifold 113, lines 120 and 140 to pump 150, which pumps the cold water to through line 160 to first intake manifold 170 of tube mat heat exchanger array 180.
  • Heat exchanger array 180 comprises at least 2, and preferably several, tube mat heat exchangers whose intake and return manifolds are sequentially connected to one another.
  • line 160 communicates with first intake manifold 170, which in turn communicates with last intake manifold 175.
  • first intake manifold 170 communicates with last intake manifold 175.
  • Cold water flows from intake manifolds 170 and 175 through tube mats 190 and 195, which are in conductive relationship with the root zones of horticultural products.
  • the cold water flows through individual tubes of these tube mats, absorbing excess thermal energy from the root zones and thereby cooling them.
  • the now-warmed water is collected by return manifolds 200 and 205, and is returned via line 210 through three-way valve 220 and line 230 into cold water return manifold 232 before flowing through line 234 into cold water reservoir 110.
  • Cold water reservoir 110 is preferably equipped with a cooling apparatus capable of maintaining the temperature of the water contained therein at a temperature of 24°C or less, preferably 15-21°C.
  • Cold water reservoir 110 is preferably insulated to maintain the water within the preferred 15-21°C cold water temperature range .
  • three-way valve 130 is opened to permit water stored in hot water reservoir 115 to flow through large diameter line 117, feed manifold 118, lines 250 and 140 to pump 150, which pumps the hot water to through line 160 to first intake manifold 170 of tube mat heat exchanger array 180.
  • line 160 communicates with first intake manifold 170, which in turn communicates with last intake manifold 175.
  • the now-cooled water is collected by return manifolds 200 and 205, and is returned via line 210 through three-way valve 220 and line 235 into hot water return manifold 237 before flowing through line 239 into hot water reservoir 115.
  • Hot water reservoir 115 is preferably equipped with a heating apparatus capable of maintaining the temperature of the water contained therein at a temperature of at least 32 °C, preferably 32-43°C (89-109°F) .
  • Hot water reservoir 115 is preferably insulated to maintain the water within the preferred 32-43 °C hot water temperature range.
  • hot and cold water reservoirs, the feed and return manifolds, three-way valves and pump mechanisms be contained in a separate structure from the greenhouse.
  • the tube mat heat exchanger arrays and their associated feed and return lines are located in the greenhouse, thereby minimizing their footprint within the growing area.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé de régulation, de la température d'un produit horticole, qui comprend la comparaison de la température du produit horticole avec sa plage de température optimale pour la croissance, de sorte que lorsque sa température est supérieure à sa plage de température optimale, une eau plus froide est mise en circulation à travers au moins un échangeur de chaleur à mat en tube situé au voisinage du produit horticole et lorsque la température du produit horticole est inférieure à sa plage de température optimale, de l'eau plus chaude est mise en circulation à travers l'échangeur de chaleur à mat en tube de façon à ramener la température du produit horticole dans sa plage de température optimale.
PCT/US2010/058470 2010-12-01 2010-12-01 Procédé de régulation de la température de produit horticole WO2012074519A1 (fr)

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EP3202251A1 (fr) * 2015-06-16 2017-08-09 Bbbls Bv Serre isolée avec installation de climatisation et procédé pour contrôler le climat interne
US10420288B2 (en) 2014-04-14 2019-09-24 Shawn LaBounty Crop irrigation and thermal-protection system
WO2020101626A3 (fr) * 2018-11-13 2020-06-25 Oezbay Guersel Structure de serre passive modulaire ayant un placement hexagonal en verre
CN114431048A (zh) * 2022-01-25 2022-05-06 河南省建设工程施工图审查中心有限公司 一种用于大棚的多能互补控温方法

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