WO2012071917A1 - 一种voip的即时呼叫方法 - Google Patents

一种voip的即时呼叫方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012071917A1
WO2012071917A1 PCT/CN2011/079310 CN2011079310W WO2012071917A1 WO 2012071917 A1 WO2012071917 A1 WO 2012071917A1 CN 2011079310 W CN2011079310 W CN 2011079310W WO 2012071917 A1 WO2012071917 A1 WO 2012071917A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
server
user
address
target
information
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PCT/CN2011/079310
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曲旸
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大连天亿软件有限公司
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Application filed by 大连天亿软件有限公司 filed Critical 大连天亿软件有限公司
Priority to US13/806,846 priority Critical patent/US9369585B2/en
Priority to EP11826138.7A priority patent/EP2479970B1/en
Publication of WO2012071917A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012071917A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M7/00Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres
    • H04M7/006Networks other than PSTN/ISDN providing telephone service, e.g. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), including next generation networks with a packet-switched transport layer
    • H04M7/0075Details of addressing, directories or routing tables
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M7/00Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres
    • H04M7/12Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres for working between exchanges having different types of switching equipment, e.g. power-driven and step by step or decimal and non-decimal
    • H04M7/1205Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres for working between exchanges having different types of switching equipment, e.g. power-driven and step by step or decimal and non-decimal where the types of switching equipement comprises PSTN/ISDN equipment and switching equipment of networks other than PSTN/ISDN, e.g. Internet Protocol networks
    • H04M7/128Details of addressing, directories or routing tables
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/1066Session management
    • H04L65/1069Session establishment or de-establishment
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/42Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
    • H04M3/44Additional connecting arrangements for providing access to frequently-wanted subscribers, e.g. abbreviated dialling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an instant call method for VOIP, and more particularly to an instant communication method in which a number is equivalent to character-separated addressing.
  • the traditional telephone systems include telephone exchanges, telephones, and telephone lines. Users need to pay communication fees to the operator when making a call, especially for enterprises, which increases the cost of the communication.
  • VoIP systems have been recognized and used by many companies because they reduce the cost relative to traditional telephone systems.
  • the software VoIP system also has its shortcomings.
  • Skype a widely used VoIP software
  • the VoIP phone and the traditional telephone are independent of each other, if the call is to be dialed, the VoIP service provider needs to Traditional telephone operators pay a certain fee, and users have to pay a certain fee to the VoIP (such as: skype recharge); Skype can not achieve fixed-line calls to softphones and fixed-line calls to landlines.
  • the router of Company A finds the router of Company B set in advance by addressing (the call data transmission process is shown in Figure 2 of the Cisco-viop process).
  • the call data transmission process is shown in Figure 2 of the Cisco-viop process.
  • the router must pre-plan the routing information in the routers of Company A and Company B that communicate with each other in advance, so the router outside the plan cannot communicate with it.
  • the premise of this solution is that the two companies must be between the headquarters and the branch, and the PBX in the solution must have a specific voice interface for the high end, so it requires high cost and is not suitable. Most small and medium enterprises.
  • Cisco-IPT the required hardware devices: Router ( Switch (Switch), Call Center (Cal l Manager) (voice load, assign IP phone to extension number), IP telephone (IP Telephone), computer (PC), network cable.
  • the computer is connected to the IP phone through the network cable.
  • the IP phone is connected to the switch through the network cable.
  • the Call Manager is connected to the switch through the network cable, and the switch is connected to the router through the network cable.
  • Company A Take Company A as an example.
  • the call data transmission process is shown in Figure 4 of the Cisco-IPT process.
  • the prefix number is first dialed (the prefix number is the same as in the Cisco VOIP solution. It also needs to be defined by the enterprise network administrator.
  • the voice call data packet is sent to the switch, and the switch sends it to the CallManager. After the CallManager processes the data, it sends it to the router of Company A through the switch.
  • the router of Company A finds the router of Company B by addressing.
  • This solution replaces the traditional telephone switch with Cal l Manager and adds soft-end phones, but the premise is that the routing information in the routers of company A and B that need to talk to each other is planned in a unified manner, so the router outside the plan cannot Interoperability, that is, companies that want to make free calls to each other must be the relationship between the headquarters and branches, and the cost of Cal l Manager and IP phones is quite expensive, and small and medium-sized enterprises cannot afford them.
  • the present invention addresses the above problems and develops an instant call method for VOIP. It can be applied in different hardware environments, both corporate and personal, using VOIP's instant calling method for call communication.
  • the technical means adopted by the present invention are as follows:
  • An instant call method for VOIP characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
  • the addressing address is corresponding to the target user name, the delimiter and the target address, wherein the target user name and the destination address are separated by a delimiter, and the originating caller's server parses the end of the delimiter.
  • the originating caller's server parses the target username information at the other end of the delimiter and sends it to the server of the destination address;
  • the server of the target address parses the received target user name information, and then the target address server compares the target user name information with the stored user information in the target address server, when the target user name information is the same A user information in the stored user information is matched, and the target address server further finds the fixed telephone information in the user information stored therein;
  • the server of the target address initiates a call request to the fixed telephone of the target user
  • the dialing in the step b is a key dialing or a voice dialing.
  • the delimiter in the step b refers to a symbol used to distinguish the user name and the target address, that is, a symbol whose delimiter is different or different from the user name and the target address; the target address is a location to mark the server, which may be IP Address, domain name, or host name.
  • the invention can define its own favorite number to be equivalent to the address address of the target user, and greatly reduces the length of the dialing, which makes the user more convenient; the enterprise can make the fixed telephone call the fixed telephone free by the invention, and save the enterprise. Funding; Traditional VOIP is a large server cluster, all user information is stored on the server cluster, and the present invention distributes the server to each enterprise or third-party operator, reducing the load on the server and reducing the server. Cost; with the present invention, video conferencing, faxing, and free of charge can be achieved in the same manner.
  • the present invention has the following advantages over traditional telephone systems, Skype, Cisco VOIP solutions, and Cisco IPT solutions:
  • Total - points The companies that represent each other are the headquarters and branches.
  • Non-total-minute The companies that represent each other are independent companies.
  • Solid-solid Indicates that the landline telephone dials a landline.
  • Solid - Soft Indicates that the landline telephone makes a softphone call.
  • Soft - Soft Indicates that the softphone is making a softphone call.
  • Soft-solid Indicates that the softphone dials a landline.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system structure of a prior art Cisco-voip
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a call data transmission process of the system shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a system of a prior art Cisco-IPT
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a call data transmission process of the system shown in FIG. 3;
  • Figure 5 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a system in an enterprise deployment embodiment according to the method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a call flow diagram of a method according to the present invention in an enterprise deployment embodiment
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission process in an embodiment of an enterprise deployment according to the method of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a system in an embodiment of a general user deployment according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission process in a general user deployment embodiment of the method according to the present invention.
  • the instant call method of VOIP shown in FIG. 5 includes the following steps:
  • the addressing address corresponds to the addressing address used by the target
  • the account name, the delimiter and the target address are composed of three parts, wherein the target user name and the target address are separated by a delimiter, and the originating caller's server parses the target address located at one end of the delimiter and establishes a connection with the server of the target address;
  • the dialing is button dialing or voice dialing;
  • the originating caller's server parses the target username information at the other end of the delimiter and sends it to the server of the destination address;
  • the server of the target address parses the received target user name information, and then the target address server compares the target user name information with the stored user information in the target address server, when the target user name information is the same A user information in the stored user information is matched, and the target address server further finds the fixed telephone information in the user information stored therein;
  • the server of the target address initiates a call request to the fixed telephone of the target user
  • the delimiter in step b refers to a symbol used to distinguish the user name from the target address, that is, a symbol whose delimiter is different or different from the user name and the target address; the target address is a location to mark the server, which may be IP Address, domain name, or host name.
  • the hardware environment consists of a telephone exchange (PBX), a server (PBX), a router (Router), a voice interface card, a computer (PC), a telephone (Phone), a network cable, and a telephone line.
  • PBX telephone exchange
  • PBX server
  • Router router
  • voice interface card voice interface card
  • PC computer
  • Socket a computer
  • Socket computer
  • Socket a telephone
  • the hardware connection status is shown in Figure 6 Enterprise Deployment:
  • the computer is connected to the switch through the network cable, and the voice interface card is connected to the server.
  • the server is connected to the PBX through the telephone line interface, and the telephone is connected to the PBX through the telephone line.
  • the server is connected to the switch through a network cable, and the switch is connected to the router through a network cable.
  • Main functions of the server Manage users, receive voice packets of voice interface cards, and forward voice packets (this technology is a commonly used technology in the prior art, so it is not described here too much).
  • Client main function Setting the number on the fixed telephone is equivalent to the addressing communication method with special character as separator, dialing, answering, hanging up.
  • the target address uses the company's domain name as the target address; assume that the domain name of company A is: example- A. com (you can also use the server address as the destination address, for example: 192. 168. 1. 10), company A's network User name assigned by administrator to user A For: jia, his addressing address is: jia@example-A. com (here the separator uses the symbol @, in the usual setting, you can use the characters on the standard keyboard except the letters and numbers, such as: ⁇ ! @ tt $ % * ( ) ?
  • the domain name of company B is: example- B. com, the network administrator of company B is assigned to User B's username is: yi, then his addressing address is: yi@example-B. com.
  • Phone Converts the user's dialing information and the sound collected through the handset into an analog signal and forwards it; converts the received analog signal into sound and plays it through the handset.
  • Telephone exchange Assign extension number; Receive (forward) analog or digital signals; Voice interface card: Receive and process analog or digital signals.
  • Server Receives a digital signal and digitizes the digital signal; processes the data packet; processes the data packet into a digital signal and transmits it.
  • Switch Receives forwarded packets.
  • Router Sends packets to the network through routing.
  • Telephone exchange It is a computer-controlled automatic telephone exchange controlled by a pre-programmed program. The full name of the storage program controls the telephone exchange.
  • the program-controlled telephone exchange consists of hardware and software: The hardware includes a voice section, a control section, and an input and output section.
  • the software includes a program part and a data part.
  • the present invention has no special requirements for telephone switches, and general telephone switches can be satisfied.
  • Server A computer that runs management software to control access to network or network resources (disk drives, printers, etc.) and provides resources for computers on the network to operate as workstations. .
  • the present invention requires a voice interface card to be connected to a server, and the voice interface card has a wide variety of interfaces, so the server only needs to have an interface paired with the voice interface card. For example: If the voice interface card is a PCI interface, then the server needs to integrate the PCI card slot; if the voice interface card is a PCI-E interface, then the server needs to integrate the PCI-E card slot; if the voice interface card is a USB interface, then the server An integrated USB interface is required (this technique is also a technique commonly used in the prior art, so it will not be described too much here).
  • Switch A collection of traffic bearers, switching levels, control and signaling devices, and other functional units on a network node.
  • the switch can connect subscriber lines, telecommunications circuits, and/or other functional units to be interconnected according to the request of a single user.
  • the invention does not require a switch, and all switches can be satisfied.
  • Router A device that connects to various LANs and WANs on the Internet. It automatically selects and sets routes according to the channel conditions, and sends signals to the devices in the best path.
  • the invention does not require a switch, all routers Can be satisfied.
  • Voice Interface Card A board or device that contains a voice interface for processing analog or digital signals.
  • the PBX After the hardware connection is completed, the PBX will detect the connected device, and the PBX management can set the extension number of the telephone and voice interface card.
  • Company A PBX setting The network administrator first manages the extension number of the voice interface card assigned to the server through the PBX as: 100; the extension number assigned to user A is: 601.
  • Company B PBX setting The network administrator first manages the extension number of the voice interface card assigned to the server through the PBX as: 200; the extension number assigned to user A is: 801.
  • a company server setting The network administrator adds the user A to the company server as: jia and binds its extension number (ie phone number information) to: 601.
  • the network administrator adds user B to the company server as: yi and binds its extension number to: 801.
  • User A of Company A uses the username: jia to log in to the company A server, and set the number 1 in the client software (the number is a custom number, the number of digits is determined by the user). Equivalent to: yi@example-B .com (addressed address of user B of company B), this setting will be synchronized to the server at the same time, and the server will store the setting.
  • the user can make the call as follows: a) The user picks up the phone, first dials the extension number of the company's server voice interface card: 100, at this time, the user A triggers the dialing (can be dialed or voice dialed) , processed by the telephone (the telephone is different, the processing is different, for example, some are encoded by DTMF, some are encoded by FSK7) The analog signal containing the dialing information is sent to the PBX of Company A, Company A The PBX will send a call request to the target terminal according to the internal port correspondence table.
  • the server response of Company A receives the request to establish a connection at the same time; then User A then dials its own extension number 601, and User A's telephone is processed into a simulation containing dialing information.
  • the signal is sent to the server of company A.
  • the voice interface card on the company A server receives the analog signal, and the company A server obtains the analog signal containing the dial information through DTMF or FSK or other codec mode (the codec mode depends on the setting of the phone and PBX). Decoding into a digital signal; the server converts the digital signal into a corresponding data packet, and the server obtains the specific information of the user by unpacking the obtained dialing information [601] Interest.
  • step c the server of Company A decodes the acquired analog signal containing the dialing information into a digital signal through DTMF or FSK or other codec mode (this sentence belongs to step b, for ease of understanding, the close-up is in step c); the server will put the The digital signal is converted into a corresponding data packet, and the server obtains the dialing information [1] by unpacking, and converts the number 1 set by the server into an equivalent addressing address of the data of yi@example-B.com. package.
  • the server address of company A resolves the URL of the following @: example-B. com, if the server address is legal and exists, the server of company A sends the voice request packet to the character through DNS (domain name server) addressing@ The following server address: example-B. com (the server address of company B).
  • the server of the company B When the server of the company B receives the voice request packet, it will unpack the user name before the parsing character: yi, at this time, the server of the company B will judge whether the username yi exists, and if so, the server of the company B Will extract the corresponding extension number: 801;
  • step a can be omitted, and the fixed telephone (or PC) can be directly called by the PC; the call is initiated by the PC, and the analog signal is not needed, and the process directly proceeds to step c, where 1 in step c is not from the data packet. Extracted, but the server converts the data into a packet with a special character as a separator (yi@example-B. com) by obtaining the number [1] entered by the user; the next step is unchanged.
  • a special character as a separator yi@example-B. com
  • Embodiment 2 Common User Implementation
  • the hardware environment consists of a computer (PC), a telephone (Phone), a voice interface card, a network cable, and a telephone line.
  • the hardware connection status is shown in Figure 9 for general user deployment.
  • the voice interface card is plugged into the computer, and the telephone is connected through a telephone line and a voice interface card.
  • the telephone switching network (PSTN) is connected to the voice interface card through a telephone line, and the computer is connected to the Internet through a network cable.
  • Main functions of the ordinary user terminal Set the number on the fixed telephone to be equivalent to the addressing mode with special characters as the delimiter, receive the voice data packet of the voice interface card, forward the voice data packet, set the voice interception number [can be set *, #, or the combination number on the phone, at Here we have set ## as an example], dial, answer, hang up).
  • the target address uses the company's domain name as the target address.
  • the domain name applied by user A is: example- A. com
  • the server address can also be used as the destination address, for example: 192. 168. 1. 10
  • User A's addressing address is: jia@example-A. com;
  • User B's own domain name is: example- B. com,
  • User B's addressing address is: yi@example- B. com.
  • # ⁇ is the interception character (this number is mainly for intercepting the voice call request, and will not send a request to the telephone switching network).
  • Set your own addressing address to: j ia@example_A. com; Set the number 1 on the landline (the number is a custom number, the number of bits is determined by the user) Equivalent to: yi@example_B. com;
  • User B is set on the normal user side: # ⁇ is the interception character (this number is mainly for intercepting the voice call request, it will not send the request to the telephone switching network).
  • Set your own addressing address to: yi@example-B. com.
  • a) User A picks up the handset's microphone, first dials the ## trigger phone to process the analog signal containing the dialing information and sends it to the computer where the normal user is installed.
  • the computer responds and establishes a connection.
  • the computer obtains the analog signal through the voice interface card, and the computer decodes and decodes the digital signal into a digital signal.
  • the ordinary user terminal on the computer judges the digital signal by the [#] number, and then intercepts the analog signal (so-called interception, that is, the ordinary user terminal) Obtain the analog signal in the voice interface card according to the interface function provided by the voice interface card, thereby changing the transmission route of the signal, that is, the signal does not pass through the PSTN network.
  • the signal is not extracted, and the signal is not extracted. It will be transmitted to the PSTN network according to the route setting of the voice interface card.). Then say to the microphone: "1" (the voice control is used here, because the voice recognition control is a common method in the prior art, and will not be described in detail here, of course, it can also be operated by a button), and the telephone will process the voice into a simulation.
  • the signal is sent to the computer.
  • the computer that installs the ordinary user terminal obtains the analog signal through the voice interface card, and the computer processes the digital signal through the codec.
  • the ordinary user end of the user A extracts the voice information from the digital signal through the voice recognition engine [1], at which time the ordinary user end converts the voice information [1] into the set addressing address as yi@example-B. Com packet.
  • a ringing request is sent to the fixed telephone of the user B through the voice interface on the user's computer B, and a call request is made to the client of the user B at the same time.
  • step a and step b can be omitted, and the fixed telephone (or PC) can be directly called by the PC; the call is initiated by the PC, and the analog signal is not needed, and the process directly proceeds to step c, where 1 in step c is not from The voice information is extracted, but the computer installed with the ordinary user terminal obtains the user's voice from the microphone through the voice recognition engine [1], and converts to a special character as a separator (yi@example-B. com) through the ordinary user terminal. The data packet; the next steps are unchanged.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种VOIP的即时呼叫方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:a)用户拨打固定电话服务端建立连接;b)服务端对用户进一步拨号解析,并将拨号信息同发起呼叫者的服务端已存储的寻址地址相对应,寻址地址由目标用户名、分隔符和目标地址三部分组成;c)发起呼叫者的服务端解析出目标用户名信息,并将其发送给目标地址的服务端;d)目标地址的服务端解析接收到的目标用户名信息,并找出目标地址服务端中已存储的该目标用户信息,然后目标地址服务端进一步找出其内部存储的目标用户的电话号码;e)目标地址服务端向目标用户发起呼叫请求;f)建立呼叫连接。该方法可以以现有网络电话同样的方式来实现视频会议、传真,并且是完全免费。

Description

说 明 书 一种 VOIP的即时呼叫方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种 VOIP的即时呼叫方法, 尤其涉及一种数字等价于以字符为 分隔符寻址的即时通信方法。
背景技术
目前大部分用户所使用的通讯方式都是传统电话系统, 传统的电话系统包 括电话交换机、 电话机、 电话线。 用户拨打电话都需要向运营商交纳通信费用, 尤其是对企业而言, 这些通信费用增加了一部分成本。
随着 VOIP技术的兴起, 网络电话系统被很多企业认可并使用, 因为它相对 于传统的电话系统, 降低了一定的成本。 但是软件网络电话系统也有它的不足 之处, 以 Skype (—个使用很广泛的网络电话软件)为例, 它只能实现软件拨打 固定电话 (或移动电话)、 软件与软件之间的通话。 软件与软件之间的通话, 语 音数据包通过因特网传输, 可以做到免费; 软件拨打固定电话 (或移动电话), 由于网络电话和传统电话的相互独立, 如果要拨通, 网络电话商需要向传统电 话运营商交纳一定的费用,而用户就得向网络电话商交纳一定的费用(如: skype 充值); Skype无法实现固定电话拨打软件电话和固定电话拨打固定电话。
随着网络技术的发展, 不断提出新的解决方案, 以思科的 VOIP解决方案为 例, 如: 图 1 Ci sco-voip所示, 需要的硬件设备: 路由器 (Router)、 交换机 (Switch) , 电话交换机(PBX)、 电脑(PC)、 电话机 (Phone)、 网线、 电话线。 电 脑通过网线连接到交换机上, 交换机通过网线连接到路由器上, 路由器使用其 语音接口通过电话线和 PBX相连, 电话机通过电话线连接到 PBX上。 实现方式: 以甲公司呼叫乙公司为例, 甲公司管理员自定义一个前缀号, 当甲公司员工在 拨打电话前先拨这个前缀号时, PBX会把该语音数据包转交给甲公司的路由器, 甲公司的路由器通过寻址找到事先设定好的乙公司的路由器 (呼叫数据传输过 程如图 2 Cisco-viop过程所示)。 这套解决方案中并没有软端, 所以无法实现 软件电话与固定电话、 软件电话与软件电话之间的互拨, 只能做到固定电话之 间互相拨打免费, 因为前缀号是由企业网络管理员自定义的, 且企业网络管理 员必须事先将互相通话的甲、 乙公司的路由器中的路由信息做统一规划, 所以 规划外的路由器无法与之互通。 简而言之这种解决方案的前提是这两个公司必 须为总部和分支机构之间, 而且该解决方案中的 PBX必须为高端带有特定的语 音接口, 因此需要很高的成本, 不适合大部分中、 小企业。
随着网络硬件设备的发展, 在传统的 VOIP解决方案方面有了更进一步的发 展, 以思科的 IPT解决方案为例, 如图 3 Cisco-IPT所示, 需要的硬件设备: 路由器 ( Router ), 交换机(Switch)、 呼叫中心 (Cal l Manager ) (语音负载, 给 IP电话分配分机号码)、 IP电话(IP Telephone) , 电脑(PC)、 网线。 电脑通 过网线连接到 IP 电话上, IP电话通过网线连接到交换机上, Call Manager通 过网线连接到交换机上, 交换机通过网线连接到路由器上。 以甲公司呼叫乙公 司为例, 呼叫数据传输过程如图 4 Cisco-IPT过程所示, 当甲公司的员工呼叫 乙公司员工时, 先拨打前缀号 (前缀号和思科 VOIP解决方案中的一样, 也需要 企业网络管理员事先定义), 语音呼叫数据包发送给交换机, 交换机发送给 CallManager, CallManager处理数据之后通过交换机发送给甲公司的路由器, 甲公司的路由器通过寻址找到乙公司的路由器。这种解决方案是用 Cal l Manager 取代了传统的电话交换机, 增加了软端电话, 但是前提是需要互相通话的甲、 乙公司的路由器中的路由信息做统一规划, 所以规划外的路由器无法与之互通, 也就是要想做到免费互相通话的企业必须是总部和分支机构的关系, 而且 Cal l Manager和 IP电话的成本相当昂贵, 一般中小型企业根本负担不起。
发明内容
本发明针对以上问题的提出, 而研制一种 VOIP的即时呼叫方法。 可以应用 在不同的硬件环境中, 不论是企业还是个人, 都可利用 VOIP的即时呼叫方法进 行呼叫通信。 本发明采用的技术手段如下:
一种 VOIP的即时呼叫方法, 其特征在于包括如下步骤:
a) 发起呼叫用户拨打固定电话, 与发起呼叫者的服务端建立连接; b) 发起呼叫用户进一步拨号, 发起呼叫者的服务端进一步解析, 并将拨号 信息同发起呼叫者的服务端已存储的寻址地址相对应, 所述寻址地址由目标用 户名、 分隔符和目标地址三部分组成, 其中目标用户名和目标地址由分隔符隔 开, 发起呼叫者的服务端解析出位于分隔符一端的目标地址, 并同目标地址的 服务端建立连接; C )发起呼叫者的服务端解析出分隔符另一端的目标用户名信息, 并将其发 送给目标地址的服务端;
d) 目标地址的服务端解析接收到的目标用户名信息, 然后目标地址服务端 将该目标用户名信息同目标地址服务端中已存储的用户信息进行比对, 当该目 标用户名信息同巳存储的用户信息中的一用户信息相匹配, 目标地址服务端进 一歩找出其内部存储的该用户信息中的固定电话信息;
e ) 目标地址的服务端向目标用户的固定电话发起呼叫请求;
f ) 目标用户同意请求, 建立呼叫连接。
所述步骤 b中的拨号为按键拨号或者语音拨号。
所述步骤 b 中的分隔符是指用来区分用户名和目标地址的符号, 即分隔符 与用户名和目标地址不同类型或不相同的符号; 所述目标地址是来标志服务端 的位置, 可以是 IP地址、 域名或主机名。
本发明可以自己定义自己喜欢的数字来等价于目标用户的寻址地址, 而且 大大减少了拨号的长度, 使得用户更加方便; 企业可以通过本发明做到固定电 话拨打固定电话免费, 给企业节省资金; 传统的 VOIP是一个大服务器集群, 所 有的用户信息都在服务器集群上存储, 而本发明是把服务器分散到每个企业或 者第三方运营商, 降低了服务器的承载量, 也降低了服务器的成本; 利用本发 明, 可以以同样的方式来实现视频会议、 传真, 并且是完全免费。
本发明和传统的电话系统、 Skype、 思科 VOIP解决方案、 思科 IPT解决方 案相比具有以下优点:
其中: 表格中的字段解释如下:
总 -分: 代表互相通话的企业为总部和分支机构。
非总 -分: 代表互相通话的企业为相互独立的企业。
固 -固: 表示固定电话拨打固定电话。
固 -软: 表示固定电话拨打软件电话。
软 -软: 表示软件电话拨打软件电话。
软 -固: 表示软件电话拨打固定电话。
低: 表示成本很低廉。
高: 表示价格昂贵。 0 : 表示费用为 0, 即无成本。
X: 表示无法实现。
Figure imgf000005_0001
附图说明
图 1为现有技术 Cisco-voip的系统结构示意图;
图 2为图 1所示系统的呼叫数据传输过程示意图;
图 3为现有技术 Cisco-IPT的系统结构示意图;
图 4为图 3所示系统的呼叫数据传输过程示意图;
图 5为本发明所述方法的流程图;
图 6为本发明所述方法在企业部署实施例中的系统结构示意图;
图 7为本发明所述方法在企业部署实施例中的呼叫流程图;
图 8为本发明所述方法在企业部署实施例中的数据传输过程示意图; 图 9为本发明所述方法在普通用户部署实施例中的系统结构示意图; 图 10为本发明所述方法在普通用户部署实施例中的呼叫流程图; 图 11为本发明所述方法在普通用户部署实施例中的数据传输过程示意图。 具体实施方式
如图 5所示的 VOIP的即时呼叫方法, 包括如下步骤:
a ) 发起呼叫用户拨打固定电话, 与发起呼叫者的服务端建立连接; b )发起呼叫用户进一步拨号, 发起呼叫者的服务端进一步解析, 并将拨号 信息同发起呼叫者的服务端已存储的寻址地址相对应, 所述寻址地址由目标用 户名、 分隔符和目标地址三部分组成, 其中目标用户名和目标地址由分隔符隔 开, 发起呼叫者的服务端解析出位于分隔符一端的目标地址, 并同目标地址的 服务端建立连接; 其中拨号为按键拨号或者语音拨号;
C )发起呼叫者的服务端解析出分隔符另一端的目标用户名信息, 并将其发 送给目标地址的服务端;
d) 目标地址的服务端解析接收到的目标用户名信息, 然后目标地址服务端 将该目标用户名信息同目标地址服务端中已存储的用户信息进行比对, 当该目 标用户名信息同巳存储的用户信息中的一用户信息相匹配, 目标地址服务端进 一步找出其内部存储的该用户信息中的固定电话信息;
e ) 目标地址的服务端向目标用户的固定电话发起呼叫请求;
f ) 目标用户同意请求, 建立呼叫连接。
另外, 步骤 b 中的分隔符是指用来区分用户名和目标地址的符号, 即分隔 符与用户名和目标地址不同类型或不相同的符号; 所述目标地址是来标志服务 端的位置, 可以是 IP地址、 域名或主机名。
实施例 1: 企业实现方式
硬件环境由电话交换机 (PBX)、 服务器(Server)、 交换机 (PBX)、 路由器 (Router)、 语音接口卡、 电脑 (PC)、 电话机 (Phone)、 网线和电话线构成。 硬 件连接状况如图 6企业部署所示: 电脑通过网线连到交换机上, 把语音接口卡 连接到服务器上, 服务器通过语音接口卡的接口和 PBX用电话线相连, 电话机 通过电话线连接到 PBX上, 服务器通过网线连接到交换机上, 交换机通过网线 连接到路由器上。
服务端主要功能: 管理用户、 接收语音接口卡的语音数据包、 转发语音数 据包 (此技术为现有技术中常用的技术, 因此这里不做过多描述。)。 客户端主 要功能: 设定固定电话上的数字等价于以特殊字符为分隔符的寻址通讯方式、 拨号、 应答、 挂断。
下面以 A公司的用户甲呼叫 B公司的用户乙为例对本发明所述方法进行描 述, A、 B公司需要按上述的硬件环境配置。 这里目标地址釆用公司的域名作为 目标地址; 假设 A公司的域名为: example- A. com (也可以釆用服务器地址作为 目标地址, 例如: 192. 168. 1. 10), A公司的网络管理员分配给用户甲的用户名 为: jia,则他的寻址地址为: jia@example-A. com (这里分隔符采用符号 @, 在 通常设置时可采用标准键盘上除字母和数字键以外的能敲出来的字符如: 〜 ! @ tt $ % * ( ) ? …… \ I 、 { } " ' / + 《 》 < > : ; 等); B公司 的域名为: example- B. com, B公司的网络管理员分配给用户乙的用户名为: yi, 则他的寻址地址为: yi@example-B. com。
其中: 电话机 (Phone ) : 把用户的拨号信息和通过听筒采集的声音转化成 模拟信号并转发; 把接收到的模拟信号转化成声音并通过听筒播放。 电话交换 机 (PBX) :分配分机号码; 接收 (转发) 模拟信号或数字信号; 语音接口卡: 接 收并处理模拟信号或者数字信号。 服务器 (Server ) : 接收数字信号, 并把数字 信号打成数据包; 处理数据包; 把数据包处理成数字信号并发送。 交换机 ( Switch ) : 接收转发数据包。 路由器 (Router ) : 把数据包通过路由选择发送 到网络中。
电话交换机 (PBX) : 是计算机按预先编制的程序控制接续的自动电话交换 机, 全称存储程序控制电话交换机。 程控电话交换机由硬件和软件组成: 硬件 包括话路部分、 控制部分和输入输出部分。 软件包括程序部分和数据部分。 本 发明对电话交换机没有特别的要求, 一般的电话交换机都能满足。 服务器 ( Server ) : 局域网中, 一种运行管理软件以控制对网络或网络资源 (磁盘驱 动器、 打印机等) 进行访问的计算机, 并能够为在网络上的计算机提供资源使 其犹如工作站那样地进行操作。 本发明需要语音接口卡和服务器相连, 而语音 接口卡的接口种类繁多, 所以服务器只需要有和语音接口卡配对的接口即可。 比如: 如果语音接口卡是 PCI接口的, 那么就需要服务器集成 PCI卡槽; 如果 语音接口卡是 PCI-E接口, 那么服务器需要集成 PCI-E卡槽; 如果语音接口卡 是 USB接口, 那么服务器需要集成 USB接口 (此技术也为现有技术中常用的技 术, 因此这里不做过多描述。)。 交换机 (Switch) : 网络节点上话务承载装置、 交换级、 控制和信令设备以及其他功能单元的集合体。 交换机能把用户线路、 电信电路和(或)其他要互连的功能单元根据单个用户的请求连接起来。 本发明 对交换机没有要求, 所有的交换机都能满足。 路由器 (Router ) : 连接因特网中 各局域网、 广域网的设备, 它会根据信道的情况自动选择和设定路由, 以最佳 路径, 按前后顺序发送信号的设备。 本发明对交换机没有要求, 所有的路由器 都能满足。 语音接口卡: 含有语音接口用于处理模拟信号或者数字信号的板卡 或者设备。
硬件连接完毕之后, PBX会检测到连接上的设备,通过 PBX管理可以来设定 电话、 语音接口卡的分机号。
A公司 PBX设定:网络管理员先通过 PBX管理分配给服务器的语音接口卡的 分机号码为: 100; 分配给用户甲的分机号码为: 601。
B公司 PBX设定:网络管理员先通过 PBX管理分配给服务器的语音接口卡的 分机号码为: 200; 分配给用户甲的分机号码为: 801。
服务端初始化设定:
A公司服务端设定: 网络管理员在公司服务端中添加用户甲为: jia并绑定 其分机号码 (即电话号码信息) 为: 601。
B公司服务端设定: 网络管理员在公司服务端中添加用户乙为: yi 并绑定 其分机号码为: 801。
客户端初始化设定:
A公司用户甲通过客户端使用用户名: jia登陆 A公司服务器, 通过客户端 软件中设定数字 1 (该数字为自定义数字, 位数由用户自己定) 等价于: yi@example-B. com (B公司用户乙的寻址地址), 此设定会同时同步到服务器, 服务器会存储该设定。 初始化设定完成后用户便可以实现拨打电话具体如下: a) 用户甲摘机, 首先拨 A公司服务器语音接口卡的分机号码: 100, 此时 用户甲触发拨号 (可以按键拨号或者语音拨号) 信号, 通过电话机处理成 (电 话机不一样, 处理的方式也不一样, 比如有的是通过 DTMF来编码, 有的是通过 FSK来编码……) 含有拨号信息的模拟信号并发向 A公司的 PBX, A公司的 PBX 会根据内部端口对应表向目标终端发出呼叫请求, 此时 A公司的服务器响应同 时接收请求建立连接; 然后用户甲接着拨自己的分机号码 601,用户甲的电话机 处理成含有拨号信息的模拟信号发送给 A公司的服务器。
b) A公司服务器上的语音接口卡接收到模拟信号, A公司服务器通过 DTMF 或 FSK或其他编解码方式 (编解码方式取决于电话机和 PBX的设定) 把获取的 含有拨号信息的模拟信号解码成数字信号; 服务器会把该数字信号转换成相应 的数据包, 服务器通过拆包会获取的拨号信息 [601]进而获取该用户的具体信 息。用户甲接着拨已经设定好的数字 1,用户甲的电话机处理成含有拨号信息的 模拟信号发送给 A公司的服务器 (此句属于歩骤 a,为了便于理解, 特写在步骤 c中);此时 A公司的服务器通过 DTMF或 FSK或其他编解码方式把获取的含有拨 号信息的模拟信号解码成数字信号 (此句属于步骤 b,为了便于理解, 特写在步 骤 c中); 服务器会把该数字信号转换成相应的数据包, 服务器通过拆包会获取 的拨号信息 [1] , 并通过服务端设定好的数字 1 转换成等价的寻址地址为 yi@example-B. com的数据包。
c ) A公司的服务器解析字符@后面的服务器地址: example-B. com, 如果该服 务器地址合法并存在, A公司的服务器就把语音请求数据包通过 DNS (域名服务 器)寻址发给字符 @后面的服务器地址: example-B. com (B公司的服务器地址)。
d) B公司的服务端接收到语音请求数据包时, 会拆包解析字符前的用户名: yi, 此时 B公司服务端会判断该用户名 yi是否存在, 如果存在, B公司的服务 端会提取相对应的分机号: 801 ;
e ) 并向用户乙的客户端发起呼叫请求同时通过 PBX向 801发出呼叫请求。 f )此时用户乙的客户端响应, 同时 801分机振铃, 用户乙可以通过客户端 接收请求建立会话, 也可以提起自己的分机接收请求建立会话。 (该呼叫过程如 图 7企业呼叫流程所示)(语音数据在硬件中的发送如图 8企业硬件发送流程所 示) 以上实例是以固定电话呼叫固定电话 (或 PC机) 为例说明的, 同时也可以 省去步骤 a,直接用 PC机呼叫固定电话 (或 PC机); 用 PC机发起呼叫, 不需要 接收模拟信号, 直接进入步骤 c,此时步骤 c中的 1不是从数据包中提取出的, 而是服务器通过获取用户输入的数字 [ 1],通过服务端转化为以特殊字符为分割 符 (yi@example-B. com) 的数据包; 接下来的步骤不变。
实施例 2: 普通用户实现方式
硬件环境由电脑 (PC)、 电话机 (Phone)、 语音接口卡、 网线、 电话线。 硬 件连接状况如图 9普通用户部署所示。 语音接口卡插连接到电脑上, 电话机通 过电话线和语音接口卡相连, 电话交换网 (PSTN) 通过电话线和语音接口卡相 连, 电脑通过网线连接到互联网上。 普通用户端主要功能: 设定固定电话上的 数字等价于以特殊字符为分隔符的寻址方式、 接收语音接口卡的语音数据包、 转发语音数据包、 设定语音拦截号码 [可以设定 *、 #、 或电话上的组合号码, 在 这里我们已设定#号为例]、 拨号、 应答、 挂断)。
下面以用户甲呼叫用户乙为例, 甲、 乙用户需要按上述的硬件环境配置。 同实施例 1 这里目标地址采用公司的域名作为目标地址, 假设甲用户自己申请 的域名为: example- A. com (当然也可以采用服务器地址作为目标地址, 例如: 192. 168. 1. 10 ); 用户甲的寻址地址为: jia@example-A. com; 乙用户自己申请 的域名为: example- B. com, 用户乙的寻址地址为: yi@example- B. com。
普通用户端初始化设定:
用户甲在普通用户端设定: # 号为拦截字符 (该号码主要是为了拦截语音 呼叫请求, 就不会向电话交换网发送请求)。 设定自己的寻址地址为: j ia@example_A. com; 设定固定电话上的数字 1 (该数字为自定义数字, 位数由 用户自己定) 等价于: yi@example_B. com; 用户乙在普通用户端设定: # 号为 拦截字符 (该号码主要是为了拦截语音呼叫请求, 就不会向电话交换网发送请 求)。 设定自己的寻址地址为: yi@example-B. com。 初始化设定完成后用户便可 以实现拨打电话具体如下:
a) 用户甲拿起电话机的话筒, 首先拨 #号触发电话机处理成含有拨号信息 的模拟信号发送给安装普通用户端的电脑。 该电脑响应并建立连接。 该电脑通 过语音接口卡获取该模拟信号, 电脑通过编解码成数字信号, 电脑上的普通用 户端通过判断数字信号中为 [#]号, 进而对模拟信号进行拦截(所谓拦截, 即普 通用户端根据语音接口卡提供的接口函数获取语音接口卡中的模拟信号, 从而 改变信号的传输路线, 即信号不通过 PSTN网。 如果判断数字信号中不为 [#]号, 则不对信号进行提取, 信号会按语音接口卡的路线设定传输到 PSTN网。)。 然后 对着话筒说: " 1 " (这里采用语音控制, 由于语音识别控制为现有技术常用手段, 这里不再做详细描述, 当然也可以通过按键进行操作), 电话机会将该话音处理 成模拟信号发给该电脑。
b )安装普通用户端的电脑通过语音接口卡获取该模拟信号, 电脑通过编解 码处理成数字信号。 用户甲的普通用户端通过语音识别引擎从该数字信号中提 取语音信息 [1], 此时普通用户端会把语音信息 [1]转换成设定好的寻址地址为 yi@example-B. com的数据包。
c ) 安装普通用户端的电脑通过解析分隔符 @后面的服务器地 址: example-B. com, 如果该服务器地址合法并存在, 用户甲的电脑会把语音请 求数据包通过 DNS (域名服务器) 寻址发给分隔符@后面的服务器地址: example-B. com (用户乙的地址)。
d ) 用户乙的普通用户端接收到语音请求数据包时, 会拆包解析分隔符 @前 的用户名: yi, 普通用户端会判断解析出的用户名 (yi ) 是否为用户乙设定的 用户名。
e )如果是, 通过用户乙电脑上的语音接口向用户乙的固定电话发出振铃请 求同时向用户乙的客户端发出呼叫请求。
f )用户乙的电话机振铃同时用户乙的客户端响应, 用户乙可以提机建立会 话或者接收客户端请求建立会话。(呼叫过程如图 10普通用户呼叫流程所示 X语 音数据在硬件中的发送如图 11普通用户硬件发送流程所示) 以上实例是以固定 电话呼叫固定电话 (或 PC机) 为例说明的, 同时也可以省去步骤 a和步骤 b, 直接用 PC机呼叫固定电话 (或 PC机); 用 PC机发起呼叫, 不需要接收模拟信 号, 直接进入步骤 c,此时步骤 c中的 1不是从语音信息中提取出的, 而是安装 普通用户端的电脑通过语音识别引擎获取用户从麦克风说出的 [1] ,通过普通 用户端转化为以特殊字符为分割符 (yi@example-B. com) 的数据包; 接下来的 步骤不变。
综上所述解决了固定电话拨打固定电话、 固定电话拨打软件电话、 软件电 话拨打固定电话之间的费用问题。通过我们的发明可以把通话费用降低到 0,而 且我们的发明所需的硬件成本也非常低廉, 适合任何大、 中、 小型企业和个人 用户。
以上所述, 仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式, 但本发明的保护范围并不局 限于此, 任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内, 根据本 发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变, 都应涵盖在本发明的保护 范围之内。

Claims

权利 要 求 书
1、 一种 VOIP的即时呼叫方法, 其特征在于包括如下歩骤:
a) 发起呼叫用户拨打固定电话, 与发起呼叫者的服务端建立连接; b)发起呼叫用户进一步拨号, 发起呼叫者的服务端进一步解析, 并将拨号 信息同发起呼叫者的服务端已存储的寻址地址相对应, 所述寻址地址由目标用 户名、 分隔符和目标地址三部分组成, 其中目标用户名和目标地址由分隔符隔 开, 发起呼叫者的服务端解析出位于分隔符一端的目标地址, 并同目标地址的 服务端建立连接;
c )发起呼叫者的服务端解析出分隔符另一端的目标用户名信息, 并将其发 送给目标地址的服务端;
d) 目标地址的服务端解析接收到的目标用户名信息, 然后目标地址服务端 将该目标用户名信息同目标地址服务端中已存储的用户信息进行比对, 当该目 标用户名信息同已存储的用户信息中的一用户信息相匹配, 目标地址服务端进 一歩找出其内部存储的该用户信息中的固定电话信息;
e ) 目标地址的服务端向目标用户的固定电话发起呼叫请求;
f ) 目标用户同意请求, 建立呼叫连接。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种 VOIP的即时呼叫方法, 其特征在于所述步 骤 b中的拨号为按键拨号或者语音拨号。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种 VOIP的即时呼叫方法, 其特征在于所述步 骤 b 中的分隔符是指用来区分用户名和目标地址的符号, 即分隔符与用户名和 目标地址不同类型或不相同的符号; 所述目标地址是来标志服务端的位置, 可 以是 IP地址、 域名或主机名。
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