WO2012069839A1 - Waste management system - Google Patents

Waste management system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012069839A1
WO2012069839A1 PCT/GB2011/052314 GB2011052314W WO2012069839A1 WO 2012069839 A1 WO2012069839 A1 WO 2012069839A1 GB 2011052314 W GB2011052314 W GB 2011052314W WO 2012069839 A1 WO2012069839 A1 WO 2012069839A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waste
information
container
details
management
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2011/052314
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
John Venable
Original Assignee
John Venable
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by John Venable filed Critical John Venable
Publication of WO2012069839A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012069839A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/08—Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading or distribution; Inventory or stock management
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F1/00—Refuse receptacles; Accessories therefor
    • B65F1/14—Other constructional features; Accessories
    • B65F1/1484—Other constructional features; Accessories relating to the adaptation of receptacles to carry identification means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a waste management system and process for tracking waste and waste containers using readable or identifiable waste markers and/or container identification tags.
  • Waste both domestic and commercial, is an unavoidable bi-product of society.
  • waste management involves a fleet of refuse collection vehicles that are dispatched to collect refuse from commercial bins and then to deliver the collected waste to landfill and/or waste recycling centres.
  • Some countries are more efficient at waste processing (involving collection, transfer, storage and disposal) than others and this is, to a large extent, dependent upon government policy and the attitude of society including influences from environmental pressure groups and the like.
  • the European Union has set ambitious targets for local authorities, landfill and waste carriers/hauliers to meet over forthcoming years with regard to waste transfer, storage and processing.
  • Site Waste Management Plans Regulations 2008 are aimed at reducing landfill, maximising recycling and treating residual waste that cannot be reused or recycled sustainably.
  • waste management systems have been proposed as described in JP 10-95506 and EP 1477430. These systems comprise a central database and management hub that record waste processing information generated at remote locations.
  • a barcode on the container is read by a suitable reader device to generate waste tracking data that may be used to confirm the transposition and correct disposal of waste at an appropriate processing centre.
  • GB 2464272 discloses a waste management system for domestic waste tracking.
  • the system comprises a GPS tracker unit attached to a collection vehicle for recording the GPS coordinates as the vehicle travels along a collection route.
  • a server stores the GPS information and enables users to confirm that refuse bins have been collected and the desired collection route followed.
  • GB 2464344 discloses a method of determining the source of illicit waste disposal.
  • a label bearing a barcode is attached to items of waste within a waste disposal container at a first location and then illicitly dumped waste at a second location is scanned using a suitable barcode scanner to determine the identity of the waste source.
  • the labels may be supplied by local authorities and if these labels are subsequently identified, the local authority is required to contact the generator of the waste to try and identify the waste haulier.
  • waste management system that is usable easily and conveniently by domestic and commercial users, waste generation contractors, landfill and waste recycling centres, law enforcement, local authorities and environment agencies, for example, to confirm waste has been processed correctly.
  • the inventors provide a management system that utilises identification (ID) markers that may be attached directly to any type of waste to establish a waste tracking system in which a centralised storage utility stores a variety of data to output to a user confirmation waste has been collected, transported to a desired location and disposed of as required.
  • ID identification
  • the present system comprises a management hub to interface and manage the transfer of information to and from the data storage utility. Processing of the created waste data is undertaken by a waste management engine capable of generating waste tracking information and outputting reports or waste transfer notes at various stages of the waste disposal process. Access to the system is provided on an authorisation basis and allows users including law enforcement, government or council authorities, tax authorities, environmental agencies, commercial contracts, waste transfer/landfill stations and domestic clients access to the waste tracking data.
  • the present system enables tax authorities to confirm quantitatively the processing of different wastes according to different processing options and to allocate the correct tax amount to individuals and commercial undertakings as part of the waste generation and disposal process.
  • local councils can monitor the correct disposal of waste enabling law enforcement to identify any anomalies within the waste tracking data and target potentially fraudulent or illegal waste processing such as fly- tipping and the like.
  • the present system in addition to waste E) markers, may also comprise global positioning system (GPS) components as part of the waste management system. Accordingly, the geographical location of containers in which waste is deposited may be tracked with this information being stored within the central storage utility and associated with the ID markers and specific waste information. Waste may therefore be tracked in real-time, via the container from a waste source location, such as a manufacturing plant or unit through to a waste destination location.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the present system may also comprise camera and video camera components to record static and/or moving images of waste being deposited and emptied at containers within the fleet.
  • This image data is also stored within the storage utility and associated with the waste and/or containers.
  • cameras may be located on waste collection and delivery vehicles and may be activated automatically or manually at the waste source and delivery locations.
  • the present system may further comprise identifiable waste container ID tags that may be attached to the waste containers prior to or after the waste has been deposited in the container.
  • the system may comprise a plurality of remote identification or reader devices configured to identify or read information on the ID markers. The same or different devices may also be configured to read the ED tags attached to the containers.
  • the ID markers may comprise any one or a combination of the following: a microdot; micro text; micro alpha numeric symbols; micro logo identifiers; a chemical formulation; a liquid or solution comprising a chemical configured to be visible under UV light; a liquid or solution comprising a chemical configured to be visible under infrared light; symbols or code embedded on particles; a water based solution containing low level chemical additives; a polymer emulsion comprising a blend of chemical agents according to a binary code; a copolymer of vinyl acetate and isopropyl alcohol comprising suspended fragments or particulates; a solid micro plate or disc comprising a 2D barcode; a tab, tag, label or sticker comprising identification symbols; a tab, tag, label or sticker comprising a barcode.
  • the reader or identifiers for he waste ID markers may comprise any one or a combination of the following set of: an electronic scanner being a handheld personal digital assistant (PDA), palmtop computer or remote electronic device having wireless communication means to connect to a wireless network; a UV lamp; a magnifying lens; a chemical solution; a chemical compound; an aerosol spray; a water based solution; an IR lamp.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • waste information can be associated with the waste ID marker such that the waste and optionally the container, may be tracked at various stages of the waste processing. Attaching a marker to the waste has the further advantage that the waste may be tracked as it is processed remote from the container within for example, a recycling centre. This way, local authorities and waste transfer institutions can monitor the processing of specific waste within the various different waste processing streams.
  • a waste management process comprising: inputting and storing waste information at a data storage utility forming part of a waste management hub and associating the waste information with a waste identification (ID) marker; attaching the ID marker to waste; identifying the ID marker using a device and generating waste source information after or before the waste has been deposited in a container at a waste source location; transferring the waste source information to the management hub and storing the waste source information at the storage utility, the waste source information being associated with the ID marker; identifying the ID marker using a device and generating waste destination information when the waste has arrived from the waste source location to a waste destination location; transferring the waste designation information to the management hub and storing the waste destination information at the storage utility, the waste destination information being associated with the ID marker; processing the waste information within the storage utility using a management engine to generate waste tracking data associated with the ID marker.
  • ID waste identification
  • the process further comprises identifying the ID marker using a device and generating waste dispatch information when the container is filled with waste and dispatched from a source location; transferring the dispatch information to the management hub and storing the dispatch information at the storage utility.
  • the process may further comprise identifying the ID marker using a device and generating container emptied information when waste is emptied from the container at the waste destination location; transferring the waste emptied information to the management hub and storing the waste emptied information at the storage utility.
  • the waste information comprises anyone or a combination of the following set of: user identification; user contact details; user management system identification; waste management company.
  • the waste source information comprises any one or a combination of the following set of: time and/or date of waste generation; time and/or date waste deposited in container; waste type; waste volume; intended waste destination details; waste source location details; waste generator details; date and time of waste generation; available recycling options; container supplier identification; container supplier contact details; waste management company.
  • the waste destination information, waste dispatch, and container emptied information may comprise any one or a combination of the following set of: time and/or date; container and/or waste details; waste source details; waste destination details; waste generator details; transport vehicle details including registration, driver and/or vehicle type; container supplier details; and waste management company.
  • the process further comprises automatically outputting the waste tracking data as at least one report following updating of the central management hum and storage utility with an identification event of the ID marker.
  • the waste ID maker comprises any one or a combination of the following set of: a microdot; a solution containing microdots; a specifically coloured solution containing microdots; micro text; micro alpha numeric symbols; micro logo identifiers; a chemical formulation; a liquid or solution comprising a chemical configured to be visible under UV light; a liquid or solution comprising a chemical configured to be visible under infrared light; symbols or code embedded on particles; a water based solution containing low level chemical additives; a polymer emulsion comprising a blend of chemical agents according to a binary code; a copolymer of vinyl acetate and isopropyl alcohol comprising suspended fragments or particulates; a solid micro plate or disc comprising a 2D barcode; a tab, tag, label or sticker comprising identification symbols; a tab, tag, label or sticker comprising a barcode.
  • the device configured to identify, read, detect or visualise the identification markers and/or information, symbols, detail or chemicals forming part of or displayed on the ID makers comprises any one or a combination of the following set of: an electronic scanner being a handheld personal digital assistant (PDA), palmtop computer or remote electronic device having wireless communication means to connect to a wireless network; a UV lamp; a magnifying lens; a chemical solution; a chemical compound; an aerosol spray; a water based solution; an JR lamp.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • the device configured to identify, read, detect or visualise the identification markers and/or information, symbols, detail or chemicals forming part of or displayed on the ID makers comprises any one or a combination of the following set of: an electronic scanner being a handheld personal digital assistant (PDA), palmtop computer or remote electronic device having wireless communication means to connect to a wireless network; a UV lamp; a magnifying lens; a chemical solution; a chemical compound; an aerosol spray; a water based solution; an JR lamp.
  • PDA handheld
  • each ID tag may be a 2D barcode, embodied on a metal or plastic plate and securely attached to the container.
  • the plate is configured to be non-removable from the container and is configured to perish if unauthorised removal occurs or attempts are made to remove the ID tag.
  • the reader device for the container ID tags is an electronic scanner or a reader connected to or integrated with a handheld personal digital assistant (PDA), palmtop computer or remote electronic device having wireless communication means to connect to a wireless network.
  • the process further comprises attaching a satellite trackable device to the container.
  • the satellite trackable device is preferably a GPS transmitter, an RFID tag, a GLONASS, a compass navigation system or a Galileo positioning system transmitter all providing global navigation system information.
  • the management hub is capable of receiving global position system (GPS) information at the hub as the container is transported between the waste source location and the waste destination location.
  • GPS global position system
  • the process further comprises storing the GPS information at the storage utility.
  • the process further comprises outputting data based on the GPS information in the storage utility as part of the generated waste tracking data.
  • the present system may comprise any form of tracking system in which a tag or transmitter is capable of being attached to the waste or container such that the waste and/or container may be tracked at various locations and/or is location monitored in real time via satellite information.
  • the present system may therefore comprise: a locating engine; a location-based service; multilateration or unilateration systems; real-time locating; an applicant tracking system; a satellite tracking system; a vehicle tracking system; a magnetic tracking system; an acousto-magnetic system; a radio- frequency system; a microwave system.
  • the process may further comprise capturing static or motion images as waste is deposited in the container at the waste source location and/or when waste is emptied from the container at the waste destination location.
  • the static or motion images are received at the hub and stored at the storage utility.
  • the process further comprises capturing static or motion images when the container is loaded and/or unloaded at a transport vehicle at the waste source and waste destination locations respectively.
  • management system comprising: a plurality of waste identification (ID) markers attachable to waste generated at a waste source location; a storage utility to store information input into the system being associated with the ID markers; a management hub to manage transfer of the information to and/or from the storage utility; a process engine configured to process the information within the storage utility and to generate waste tracking data as the waste is transported between a waste source location and a waste destination location, the waste tracking data associated with the ID markers.
  • ID waste identification
  • the system comprises a user interface to enable a user to input the information at the storage utility via the management hub to be associated with the ID marker.
  • the interface is an operator interface and may be usable with the management hub and the remote reader devices.
  • the interface may allow information input via a keyboard, keypad, touch screen or other peripheral device.
  • the interface may be a graphical user interface and/or a web-based interface viewable by a web browser on the internet.
  • the user interface may also comprise a mobile phone text based interface or a voice activated user interface.
  • the management hub and the remote reader devices may comprise a wireless network enabling one or two way information transfer between the reader devices and the management hub. Additional components within the network may include client terminals enabling one or two way communication of data between the management hub and/or the storage facility and for example a waste carrier, contractor, waste transfer/landfill operator, taxation departments, environmental agencies/haulier, local authorities and law
  • the present system is compatible for tracking waste of any type.
  • the present tracking method and apparatus is suitable for tracking the following different types of waste: solid wastes; liquid wastes; gaseous wastes; animal by-products; biodegradable waste; biomedical waste; bulky waste; business waste; chemical waste; clinical waste; coffee wastewater; commercial waste; construction and demolition waste; controlled waste; consumable waste; composite waste; demolition waste; domestic waste; electronic waste (e-waste); farm waste; food waste; green waste; grey water; hazardous waste;
  • the present tracking apparatus and method is suitable for use with a variety of different industry types and areas including by way of example only: airports; hospitals; chemical plants; universities; military installations; nuclear industries; ship building ports.
  • figure 1 A illustrates the waste management system accessible by different users to provide tracking data of waste within containers according to a specific implementation of the present invention
  • figure IB illustrates the different data or information types used within the waste management system according to a specific implementation of the present invention
  • figure 2 illustrates the initial set-up operation of a waste contractor with the waste management system
  • figure 3 illustrates the initial set-up operation of a domestic client with the waste management system
  • figure 4 illustrates the initial set-up operation of a waste processing plant with the waste management system
  • figure 5 illustrates the initial set-up operation of a waste haulier with the waste management system
  • figure 6 illustrates attachment of ID markers to waste and configuration of the waste container with GPS or other global positioning components to allow satellite tracking of the location of the container according to a specific implementation
  • figure 7 illustrates the operational flow of waste management involving data capture and generation at different stages of transportation of a container housing waste from a waste source location to a waste destination location;
  • figure 8 illustrates users of the waste management network
  • figure 9 illustrates tracking of the container at a waste processing plant
  • figure 10 illustrates the reporting of tracking data within the centralised storage utility to different end users via the management hub according to a specific
  • the waste management system 100 comprises a central management hub 101 having a storage utility 102 and a management engine implemented as software, configured to process information transferred to and from management hub 101. Users, such as an authorised domestic client 106, a contractor 105 and a waste carrier 107 may interface with the waste management system 100 via remote user terminals and wireless or wired communication networks including the internet.
  • a first client user interface is provided from management hub 101 to enable clients 105, 106 and 107 to send, view and manipulate information and data within the management system 100.
  • system 100 may further comprise an information input user interface to add data/information to be uploaded at various stages of the waste handling processing.
  • the present management system 100 is configured to monitor and track waste 505 as part of waste processing 108.
  • the present management system 100 is configurable to track waste 505 from an initial source location through different stages of waste treatment including waste collection 110, transportation of the filled container 111 and arrival and processing of the waste 505 at a landfill or processing plant 112.
  • information gathering on the process 108 is achieved via input from remote electronic devices 103, including for example personal digital assistance (PDAs), laptops, desktops and other digital devices configured for wired or wireless communication means.
  • Waste is identified and marked using waste identification (ID) markers attached directly to the waste.
  • the ID marker comprises a microdot having identifiable text, markings or symbols embossed on millimetre sized discs.
  • markings may comprise a barcode to enable the microdots to be scanned by a suitable scanner or barcode reader. Once the ID marker has been identified, information may then be uploaded at a particular stage of the process 108. Information to and from the management hub 101 is via satellite communication 104 and/or wired or cable
  • management hub 101 also comprises suitable network tools and configurations.
  • the management system 100 is configured to receive, store, process and output different types of data and information as part of the management process.
  • clients register with the management system 100 and their registration details, requirements, preferences and associated information is stored within storage utility 102. Access for data retrieval, manipulation or reporting is possible via management hub 101 and wireless network 104 such that clients 105, 106, 107 have access to this data.
  • the registration process is described with reference to figures 2 to 5.
  • an identification (ID) marker (or set of ID markers) is activated and information associated with it within the storage utility 102.
  • This waste information 122 includes in particular: user identification; user contact details; user management system identification; waste management company.
  • Waste source information 117 is received when waste 505 is deposited in the container 110 and includes for example time and/or date of waste generation; time and/or date waste deposited in container; waste type; waste volume; intended waste destination details; waste source location details; waste generator details; date and time of waste generation; available recycling options; container supplier identification; container supplier contact details; waste management company.
  • Waste destination information 118 relates to information uploaded when waste 505 within container 110 has arrived from a waste source location to a waste destination location such as processing plant 112. Waste destination information includes, for example, time and/or date; container and/or waste details; waste source details; waste destination details; waste generator details; transport vehicle details including registration, driver and/or vehicle type; container supplier details; and waste management company.
  • waste dispatch information 119 is generated and transferred to storage utility 102.
  • the waste dispatch information includes, for example, time and/or date;
  • Container emptied information 120 is generated and transferred to storage utility 102.
  • Container emptied information includes, for example, time and/or date; container and/or waste details; waste source details; waste destination details; waste generator details; transport vehicle details including registration, driver and/or vehicle type; container supplier details; and waste management company. All the data types 117, 118, 119, 120 and 122 are associated with the waste ID marker, attached to waste 505 within storage utility 102. This database therefore provides tracking information specific to a particular ID marker or set of identically marked ID markers.
  • a waste container (ID) tag may be attached to the container and data 116 may be generated, transferred and stored at the storage utility 102 specific to the container 109.
  • This container ID tag information includes waste source information 123 and waste destination information 124.
  • Electronic reader or scanner devices 103 are configured to read the electronic ID tags attached to the containers by scanning the tag electronically at the different stages from collection, through delivery to processing at a plant 112.
  • the container E) tag comprises a barcode or other suitable electronically readable symbol or text based identification.
  • the waste source information 123 includes, for example, time and/or date of waste generation; time and/or date waste deposited in container; waste type; waste volume; intended waste destination details; waste source location details; waste generator details; date and time of waste generation; available recycling options; container supplier identification; container supplier contact details; waste management company.
  • the waste destination information 124 includes, for example, time and/or date; container and/or waste details; waste source details; waste destination details; waste generator details; transport vehicle details including registration, driver and/or vehicle type; container supplier details; and waste management company.
  • some or all of the containers 110, forming part of the management system 100 may comprise a global positioning device enabling satellite tracking 104 so as determine accurately the specific location of the container from an initial storage location through the waste source location to the waste destination location.
  • This container GPS information 125 is also transferred, processed and stored at the storage utility 102 via management hub 101 and network 103, 104.
  • the system 100 may be configured to store, interrogate and output static or motion images of the waste and container at the various stages of the treatment process 108.
  • This image information 126 is generated from cameras, for example, attached to the container and/or a collection and delivery vehicle 111. The cameras may be operated manually and/or automatically to record images of the waste with this information being transferred and stored within storage utility 102.
  • the system information/data 114 can be transferred from storage utility 102 via management hub 101 and output to clients 105, 106, 107 as required in report format. Such reports may be generated and forwarded by email, SMS text communication and the like.
  • each user 105, 106, 107 and 112 must register with the management system 100 so as to be enabled to receive the waste tracking information.
  • a waste contractor 105 contacts an administrator 200 to allow the contractor's details to be entered into the system 100.
  • the contractor 105 then receives an authorisation user name and password 201 and a credit account 203.
  • Unique ID and contractor details are then associated with the ID markers 707, in the form of microdots.
  • Each microdot 707 is embodied with information on a metal or plastic plate and suspended or contained within a suitable dispenser 705 to enable attachment of the markers 707 to waste 505.
  • the ID marker information input by the administrator 200 is then stored within storage utility 102.
  • a contract 202 is also generated by the management system 100 between contractor 105 and the waste management system 100.
  • a domestic or commercial client 106 may also register with the system 100 via administrator 200 to receive the authorisation details 201 and credit account 203.
  • a contract 202 is also generated.
  • the client 106 is then appointed an approved waste carrier 107 via management centre 100 and optionally contractor 105.
  • the client 106 is then in a position to monitor and track waste 505 as part of the waste generation and treatment process 108 via markers 707.
  • a waste processing facility 112 may also register with the system 100 via administrator 200.
  • the facility's details are also stored within utility 102 and the facility 112 receives a user name and password 201 and a credit account is issued 203.
  • a contract 202 is also generated to establish the working operation and relationship between facility 112 and management system 100.
  • the facility 112 by attaching markers 707 to waste at an initial and/or various additional stages of the treatment process 805, it is enabled to monitor the waste 505 as it is processed through the different stages 800, 801, 802, 803.
  • Qualitative and quantitative tracking and information output is possible.
  • a facility 112 via the management system 100, it is possible for a facility 112 to quantitatively determine the use and efficiency of different processing streams 800 to 803.
  • any anomalous unbalanced information such as volume of waste in verses volume of waste processed, may be monitored by and/or out to the facility 112 and any other designated users of the system.
  • monitoring the tracking of waste 505 is also possible via attaching and monitoring identification (ID) tags to the container that is to house the waste 505.
  • ID monitoring identification
  • the carrier 107 then receives the authorisation user name and password 201 and a credit account 203.
  • Unique vehicle, contractor and skip numbers are then associated with individual ID tags 204 and the container ID information input by the administrator 200 stored within storage utility 102.
  • a corresponding contract 202 is also generated by the management system 100.
  • the waste 505 may be marked at various intervals as container 109 is filled. Accordingly, all waste 505 within the filled container 110 is ID marked.
  • the microdot markers 707 are sprayed onto the waste as illustrated at stage 702 at the final filling stage via a suitable aerosol suspension 706 propelled from canister 705.
  • the microdot security system may also comprise UV marker and tracer components to enable dual or multiple verification and identification. That is, waste 505 may be treated with a solution or formulation that is identifiable under UV or IR lamps.
  • the management system 100 also enables users to track containers and waste using global satellite positioning information transmitted via a GPS transmitter 704 permanently attached to a container 109 carrying ID tag 204.
  • the GPS transmitter 704 may be attached to container 109 via a suitably robust housing to prevent fraudulent detachment or tampering.
  • 704 may be configured to transmit a tamper signal to the management hub and/or to immediately perish so as to be of no further use.
  • the present system therefore provides three independent mechanisms for monitoring and tracking waste disposal and processing involving electronic scanning of container IDs 204, identifying or reading of the microdot ID markers 707 and the global positioning information generated from GPS transmitters 704 as detailed with reference to figure 10.
  • Figure 7 provides an overview of the generation of the waste tracking information 114 as part of the tracking process 108.
  • An authorised user 106 or contractor 105 is given access to an authorised waste haulier 107 having a fleet of containers 109 bearing the electronic readable tags 204.
  • a container 109 is dispatched from a storage location, for example the location of the waste carrier.
  • the barcode 204 is scanned by reader 103 and container dispatch information 119 uploaded and transferred to management system 100.
  • waste 109 arrives at a waste source location at stage 501, the tag 204 is read again by reader 103 to generate container delivery information 120 for storage within utility 102. Waste 506 is then deposited within container 109 and waste source information 117 is generated and transferred to storage utility 102. The ID markers 707 are applied to the waste as it is deposited within the container at stage 502. A collection vehicle is then dispatched to transport the filled container to a destination location at stage 503. Waste dispatch information 121 is then generated once the markers 707 have been identified with this information also being uploaded to utility 102 via device 103. Information is then captured again at stage 502 as the waste arrives at the destination location via device 103. This waste destination information 118 is also transferred and stored within utility 102. Additionally, container emptied information may also be uploaded to utility 102 as the waste 505 is emptied from the container 109 at waste treatment process plant 112. The waste may then be monitored further through stages 805 of the waste treatment process at plant 112.
  • the present waste management system 100 is compatible for use with a plurality of different users that may be given the same or different levels of access to the same or different information within storage utility 102.
  • Example users include an environment agency 600, an authorised domestic or commercial client 601, a container or waste carrier 602, a commercial contractor 603, taxation bodies 604, local authorities or councils 605 and law enforcement departments 606.
  • the waste processing engine within system 100 may be configured to identify anomalous information and data within utility 102 and report this to specific users such as councils 605 and/or law enforcement departments 606.
  • waste destination information 118 does not correspond to a destination location component of the waste source information 117, this may be reported as unauthorised disposal of waste and action taken appropriately.
  • waste dispatch 119 or container emptied 120 detail comprises information components that do not correspond to the intended disposal requirements, specified by, for example, a client 106, this may be highlighted and reported to the client 106 and/or additional users 605, 606.
  • the information processing engine within management system 100 is configured to interrogate and process data within the storage utility 102 to identify and report a plurality of different data cross-checks at the various stages of the waste treatment process 805. This reporting may be provided in real-time via, for example, SMS text messaging, email or voice-mobile alerts.
  • the waste E) markers 707 are particularly useful to users 600, 604, 605 and 606. This tracking mechanism is also of great advantage to waste processing plant 112 so as to monitor the waste during treatment 805 within the plant 112.
  • the ID markers 707 may be identified when the filled container 110 arrives at plant 112. The ID markers may then be identified sequentially through stages 800, 801, 802, 803 as the waste is processed through the various stages of the disposal and recycling process 808.
  • the container ID 204 may also be monitored independently at the start and finish of a single process stage 800, 801, 802 or 803 and a final output stage 804 where the container leaves the plant 112.
  • a plant operator 112 may interrogate the data within utility 102 via a suitable user interface. Further users 600, 605 may also be given access to the data within utility 105 as the waste 505 is processed through the different stages 800 to 803 of process 805.
  • a report or waste transfer note 806 is generated periodically at the various intervals and/or at completion of the processing cycle 805, with this report or waste transfer note being supplied to an authorised user 807 for example.
  • Figure 10 illustrates the three different mechanisms for tracking waste according to the present management system using container ID tags 204, ID markers 707 and GPS units 704. All information 114 generated in real time and/or as uploaded from the information input devices 103 when the ID tag and markers 204, 207 are identified/read is then uploaded and stored within storage utility 102 via management hub 101.
  • the present system is configured to generate waste transfer notes 806 to be dispatched at different time internals to different users 105, 106, 107 and 112 as required.
  • Different waste transfer notes or reports 900 may be generated to different users 600 to 606 depending upon the access and preference details initially registered against each user during the initial set-up and registration process described by way of example with reference to figures 2 to 5.
  • each user may change and update information relating to reporting preferences including for example, the type of waste transfer note 806 generated, the transmission format, information content and generation and delivery time intervals.
  • the management system 100 is configured to record waste transfer note generation and to keep records of all reports transmitted including acknowledgement of receipt and distribution lists. Administration of information within the management system 100 is possible via any suitable user interface and may be undertaken locally or remotely from hub 101 and storage utility 102. Additionally, the management system 100 may also comprise a suitable accounting component including for example a separate storage utility, hub and processing engine. The accounting facility may be administered separately or collectively with the waste tracking management hub 101 and enable the management system 100 to manage the credit accounts 203 of each user according to each respective contract 202 generated on initial registration of each user.

Abstract

A waste management system and process configured for waste and container tracking during waste disposal, treatment and recycling processes. The system uses identification markers or tags that may be identified by identification devices and then information on the waste processing uploaded to a central management hub and storage utility. Users of the system can access information within the storage utility or are sent reports to confirm waste has been processed or disposed of as intended and desired.

Description

WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
The present invention relates to a waste management system and process for tracking waste and waste containers using readable or identifiable waste markers and/or container identification tags.
Waste, both domestic and commercial, is an unavoidable bi-product of society. Typically, waste management involves a fleet of refuse collection vehicles that are dispatched to collect refuse from commercial bins and then to deliver the collected waste to landfill and/or waste recycling centres. Some countries are more efficient at waste processing (involving collection, transfer, storage and disposal) than others and this is, to a large extent, dependent upon government policy and the attitude of society including influences from environmental pressure groups and the like. Recently, the European Union has set ambitious targets for local authorities, landfill and waste carriers/hauliers to meet over forthcoming years with regard to waste transfer, storage and processing. In particular, Site Waste Management Plans Regulations 2008 are aimed at reducing landfill, maximising recycling and treating residual waste that cannot be reused or recycled sustainably.
Currently, it is difficult for a client or a contractor to commission collection and disposal of waste and to receive confirmation that waste has been disposed of sustainably and as instructed. Moreover, local authorities and taxation departments are not currently in a position to confirm waste disposal regulations are adhered to by refuse collectors and that the appropriate tax is being paid that reflects how the waste is disposed of.
Within the medical field, waste management systems have been proposed as described in JP 10-95506 and EP 1477430. These systems comprise a central database and management hub that record waste processing information generated at remote locations. In particular, as containers of medical waste are transported between different locations, a barcode on the container is read by a suitable reader device to generate waste tracking data that may be used to confirm the transposition and correct disposal of waste at an appropriate processing centre.
GB 2464272 discloses a waste management system for domestic waste tracking. The system comprises a GPS tracker unit attached to a collection vehicle for recording the GPS coordinates as the vehicle travels along a collection route. A server stores the GPS information and enables users to confirm that refuse bins have been collected and the desired collection route followed. GB 2464344 discloses a method of determining the source of illicit waste disposal. A label bearing a barcode is attached to items of waste within a waste disposal container at a first location and then illicitly dumped waste at a second location is scanned using a suitable barcode scanner to determine the identity of the waste source. The labels may be supplied by local authorities and if these labels are subsequently identified, the local authority is required to contact the generator of the waste to try and identify the waste haulier.
What is required is a waste management system that is usable easily and conveniently by domestic and commercial users, waste generation contractors, landfill and waste recycling centres, law enforcement, local authorities and environment agencies, for example, to confirm waste has been processed correctly.
Accordingly, the inventors provide a management system that utilises identification (ID) markers that may be attached directly to any type of waste to establish a waste tracking system in which a centralised storage utility stores a variety of data to output to a user confirmation waste has been collected, transported to a desired location and disposed of as required.
The present system comprises a management hub to interface and manage the transfer of information to and from the data storage utility. Processing of the created waste data is undertaken by a waste management engine capable of generating waste tracking information and outputting reports or waste transfer notes at various stages of the waste disposal process. Access to the system is provided on an authorisation basis and allows users including law enforcement, government or council authorities, tax authorities, environmental agencies, commercial contracts, waste transfer/landfill stations and domestic clients access to the waste tracking data. In particular, the present system enables tax authorities to confirm quantitatively the processing of different wastes according to different processing options and to allocate the correct tax amount to individuals and commercial undertakings as part of the waste generation and disposal process. Moreover, local councils can monitor the correct disposal of waste enabling law enforcement to identify any anomalies within the waste tracking data and target potentially fraudulent or illegal waste processing such as fly- tipping and the like.
The present system, in addition to waste E) markers, may also comprise global positioning system (GPS) components as part of the waste management system. Accordingly, the geographical location of containers in which waste is deposited may be tracked with this information being stored within the central storage utility and associated with the ID markers and specific waste information. Waste may therefore be tracked in real-time, via the container from a waste source location, such as a manufacturing plant or unit through to a waste destination location.
The present system may also comprise camera and video camera components to record static and/or moving images of waste being deposited and emptied at containers within the fleet. This image data is also stored within the storage utility and associated with the waste and/or containers. For example, cameras may be located on waste collection and delivery vehicles and may be activated automatically or manually at the waste source and delivery locations.
Additionally, the present system may further comprise identifiable waste container ID tags that may be attached to the waste containers prior to or after the waste has been deposited in the container. The system may comprise a plurality of remote identification or reader devices configured to identify or read information on the ID markers. The same or different devices may also be configured to read the ED tags attached to the containers. The ID markers may comprise any one or a combination of the following: a microdot; micro text; micro alpha numeric symbols; micro logo identifiers; a chemical formulation; a liquid or solution comprising a chemical configured to be visible under UV light; a liquid or solution comprising a chemical configured to be visible under infrared light; symbols or code embedded on particles; a water based solution containing low level chemical additives; a polymer emulsion comprising a blend of chemical agents according to a binary code; a copolymer of vinyl acetate and isopropyl alcohol comprising suspended fragments or particulates; a solid micro plate or disc comprising a 2D barcode; a tab, tag, label or sticker comprising identification symbols; a tab, tag, label or sticker comprising a barcode. Accordingly, the reader or identifiers for he waste ID markers may comprise any one or a combination of the following set of: an electronic scanner being a handheld personal digital assistant (PDA), palmtop computer or remote electronic device having wireless communication means to connect to a wireless network; a UV lamp; a magnifying lens; a chemical solution; a chemical compound; an aerosol spray; a water based solution; an IR lamp.
The information input into the system following reading or identifying of the waste ID markers and container ID tags is then capable of being transferred to the storage utility wirelessly via the management hub. Accordingly, waste information can be associated with the waste ID marker such that the waste and optionally the container, may be tracked at various stages of the waste processing. Attaching a marker to the waste has the further advantage that the waste may be tracked as it is processed remote from the container within for example, a recycling centre. This way, local authorities and waste transfer institutions can monitor the processing of specific waste within the various different waste processing streams.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a waste management process comprising: inputting and storing waste information at a data storage utility forming part of a waste management hub and associating the waste information with a waste identification (ID) marker; attaching the ID marker to waste; identifying the ID marker using a device and generating waste source information after or before the waste has been deposited in a container at a waste source location; transferring the waste source information to the management hub and storing the waste source information at the storage utility, the waste source information being associated with the ID marker; identifying the ID marker using a device and generating waste destination information when the waste has arrived from the waste source location to a waste destination location; transferring the waste designation information to the management hub and storing the waste destination information at the storage utility, the waste destination information being associated with the ID marker; processing the waste information within the storage utility using a management engine to generate waste tracking data associated with the ID marker.
Preferably, the process further comprises identifying the ID marker using a device and generating waste dispatch information when the container is filled with waste and dispatched from a source location; transferring the dispatch information to the management hub and storing the dispatch information at the storage utility. Additionally, the process may further comprise identifying the ID marker using a device and generating container emptied information when waste is emptied from the container at the waste destination location; transferring the waste emptied information to the management hub and storing the waste emptied information at the storage utility.
According to a specific implementations the waste information comprises anyone or a combination of the following set of: user identification; user contact details; user management system identification; waste management company.
Optionally, the waste source information comprises any one or a combination of the following set of: time and/or date of waste generation; time and/or date waste deposited in container; waste type; waste volume; intended waste destination details; waste source location details; waste generator details; date and time of waste generation; available recycling options; container supplier identification; container supplier contact details; waste management company. Optionally, the waste destination information, waste dispatch, and container emptied information may comprise any one or a combination of the following set of: time and/or date; container and/or waste details; waste source details; waste destination details; waste generator details; transport vehicle details including registration, driver and/or vehicle type; container supplier details; and waste management company.
Optionally, the process further comprises automatically outputting the waste tracking data as at least one report following updating of the central management hum and storage utility with an identification event of the ID marker.
According to specific implementations, the waste ID maker comprises any one or a combination of the following set of: a microdot; a solution containing microdots; a specifically coloured solution containing microdots; micro text; micro alpha numeric symbols; micro logo identifiers; a chemical formulation; a liquid or solution comprising a chemical configured to be visible under UV light; a liquid or solution comprising a chemical configured to be visible under infrared light; symbols or code embedded on particles; a water based solution containing low level chemical additives; a polymer emulsion comprising a blend of chemical agents according to a binary code; a copolymer of vinyl acetate and isopropyl alcohol comprising suspended fragments or particulates; a solid micro plate or disc comprising a 2D barcode; a tab, tag, label or sticker comprising identification symbols; a tab, tag, label or sticker comprising a barcode.
Optionally, the device configured to identify, read, detect or visualise the identification markers and/or information, symbols, detail or chemicals forming part of or displayed on the ID makers comprises any one or a combination of the following set of: an electronic scanner being a handheld personal digital assistant (PDA), palmtop computer or remote electronic device having wireless communication means to connect to a wireless network; a UV lamp; a magnifying lens; a chemical solution; a chemical compound; an aerosol spray; a water based solution; an JR lamp.
Where the management system comprises containers carrying ID tags, each ID tag may be a 2D barcode, embodied on a metal or plastic plate and securely attached to the container. According to specific implementations, the plate is configured to be non-removable from the container and is configured to perish if unauthorised removal occurs or attempts are made to remove the ID tag. Preferably, the reader device for the container ID tags is an electronic scanner or a reader connected to or integrated with a handheld personal digital assistant (PDA), palmtop computer or remote electronic device having wireless communication means to connect to a wireless network. According to a specific embodiment, the process further comprises attaching a satellite trackable device to the container. The satellite trackable device is preferably a GPS transmitter, an RFID tag, a GLONASS, a compass navigation system or a Galileo positioning system transmitter all providing global navigation system information.
Preferably, the management hub is capable of receiving global position system (GPS) information at the hub as the container is transported between the waste source location and the waste destination location. Preferably, the process further comprises storing the GPS information at the storage utility. Optionally, the process further comprises outputting data based on the GPS information in the storage utility as part of the generated waste tracking data.
According to further embodiments, the present system may comprise any form of tracking system in which a tag or transmitter is capable of being attached to the waste or container such that the waste and/or container may be tracked at various locations and/or is location monitored in real time via satellite information. The present system may therefore comprise: a locating engine; a location-based service; multilateration or unilateration systems; real-time locating; an applicant tracking system; a satellite tracking system; a vehicle tracking system; a magnetic tracking system; an acousto-magnetic system; a radio- frequency system; a microwave system. Optionally, the process may further comprise capturing static or motion images as waste is deposited in the container at the waste source location and/or when waste is emptied from the container at the waste destination location. Optionally, the static or motion images are received at the hub and stored at the storage utility. Optionally, the process further comprises capturing static or motion images when the container is loaded and/or unloaded at a transport vehicle at the waste source and waste destination locations respectively. According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a waste
management system comprising: a plurality of waste identification (ID) markers attachable to waste generated at a waste source location; a storage utility to store information input into the system being associated with the ID markers; a management hub to manage transfer of the information to and/or from the storage utility; a process engine configured to process the information within the storage utility and to generate waste tracking data as the waste is transported between a waste source location and a waste destination location, the waste tracking data associated with the ID markers.
Preferably, the system comprises a user interface to enable a user to input the information at the storage utility via the management hub to be associated with the ID marker.
Preferably, the interface is an operator interface and may be usable with the management hub and the remote reader devices. In particular, the interface may allow information input via a keyboard, keypad, touch screen or other peripheral device. In particular, the interface may be a graphical user interface and/or a web-based interface viewable by a web browser on the internet. The user interface may also comprise a mobile phone text based interface or a voice activated user interface.
The management hub and the remote reader devices may comprise a wireless network enabling one or two way information transfer between the reader devices and the management hub. Additional components within the network may include client terminals enabling one or two way communication of data between the management hub and/or the storage facility and for example a waste carrier, contractor, waste transfer/landfill operator, taxation departments, environmental agencies/haulier, local authorities and law
enforcement divisions. The present system is compatible for tracking waste of any type. By way of example, the present tracking method and apparatus is suitable for tracking the following different types of waste: solid wastes; liquid wastes; gaseous wastes; animal by-products; biodegradable waste; biomedical waste; bulky waste; business waste; chemical waste; clinical waste; coffee wastewater; commercial waste; construction and demolition waste; controlled waste; consumable waste; composite waste; demolition waste; domestic waste; electronic waste (e-waste); farm waste; food waste; green waste; grey water; hazardous waste;
household waste; household hazardous waste; human waste; sewage sludge; industrial waste; slag; fly ash; sludge; inert waste; kitchen waste; litter organic waste; liquid waste; medical waste; mixed waste; municipal solid waste; packaging waste; post-consumer waste; radioactive waste (nuclear waste); low level waste; high level waste; spent nuclear fuel; mixed waste (radioactive/hazardous); recyclable waste; residual waste; retail hazardous waste; sewage; sharps waste; slaughterhouse waste; special waste; toxic waste; uncontrolled waste; wastewater; winery waste.
Additionally, the present tracking apparatus and method is suitable for use with a variety of different industry types and areas including by way of example only: airports; hospitals; chemical plants; universities; military installations; nuclear industries; ship building ports. A specific implementation of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only and with reference to accompanying drawings in which:
figure 1 A illustrates the waste management system accessible by different users to provide tracking data of waste within containers according to a specific implementation of the present invention;
figure IB illustrates the different data or information types used within the waste management system according to a specific implementation of the present invention;
figure 2 illustrates the initial set-up operation of a waste contractor with the waste management system;
figure 3 illustrates the initial set-up operation of a domestic client with the waste management system;
figure 4 illustrates the initial set-up operation of a waste processing plant with the waste management system; figure 5 illustrates the initial set-up operation of a waste haulier with the waste management system; figure 6 illustrates attachment of ID markers to waste and configuration of the waste container with GPS or other global positioning components to allow satellite tracking of the location of the container according to a specific implementation;
figure 7 illustrates the operational flow of waste management involving data capture and generation at different stages of transportation of a container housing waste from a waste source location to a waste destination location;
figure 8 illustrates users of the waste management network;
figure 9 illustrates tracking of the container at a waste processing plant; and figure 10 illustrates the reporting of tracking data within the centralised storage utility to different end users via the management hub according to a specific
implementation of the present invention.
Referring to figure 1 , an automated waste tracking system and process is provided via which different clients can access waste tracking data and receive tracking reports at various stages during the waste handling process. The waste management system 100 comprises a central management hub 101 having a storage utility 102 and a management engine implemented as software, configured to process information transferred to and from management hub 101. Users, such as an authorised domestic client 106, a contractor 105 and a waste carrier 107 may interface with the waste management system 100 via remote user terminals and wireless or wired communication networks including the internet. A first client user interface is provided from management hub 101 to enable clients 105, 106 and 107 to send, view and manipulate information and data within the management system 100. Additionally, system 100 may further comprise an information input user interface to add data/information to be uploaded at various stages of the waste handling processing.
The present management system 100 is configured to monitor and track waste 505 as part of waste processing 108. The present management system 100 is configurable to track waste 505 from an initial source location through different stages of waste treatment including waste collection 110, transportation of the filled container 111 and arrival and processing of the waste 505 at a landfill or processing plant 112. According to the specific implementation, information gathering on the process 108 is achieved via input from remote electronic devices 103, including for example personal digital assistance (PDAs), laptops, desktops and other digital devices configured for wired or wireless communication means. Waste is identified and marked using waste identification (ID) markers attached directly to the waste. According to the specific implementation, the ID marker comprises a microdot having identifiable text, markings or symbols embossed on millimetre sized discs. These markings may comprise a barcode to enable the microdots to be scanned by a suitable scanner or barcode reader. Once the ID marker has been identified, information may then be uploaded at a particular stage of the process 108. Information to and from the management hub 101 is via satellite communication 104 and/or wired or cable
communication. Accordingly, management hub 101 also comprises suitable network tools and configurations.
Referring to figure IB, the management system 100 is configured to receive, store, process and output different types of data and information as part of the management process. Initially, clients register with the management system 100 and their registration details, requirements, preferences and associated information is stored within storage utility 102. Access for data retrieval, manipulation or reporting is possible via management hub 101 and wireless network 104 such that clients 105, 106, 107 have access to this data. The registration process is described with reference to figures 2 to 5. During part of this process, an identification (ID) marker (or set of ID markers) is activated and information associated with it within the storage utility 102. This waste information 122 includes in particular: user identification; user contact details; user management system identification; waste management company.
Each time an event occurs during the waste treatment process 108 such as waste being deposited within a container 110, the ID marker attached to the waste is identified and processing information uploaded to the system 100 and in particular storage utility 102 via network 103, 104 and management hub 101. Waste source information 117 is received when waste 505 is deposited in the container 110 and includes for example time and/or date of waste generation; time and/or date waste deposited in container; waste type; waste volume; intended waste destination details; waste source location details; waste generator details; date and time of waste generation; available recycling options; container supplier identification; container supplier contact details; waste management company. Waste destination information 118 relates to information uploaded when waste 505 within container 110 has arrived from a waste source location to a waste destination location such as processing plant 112. Waste destination information includes, for example, time and/or date; container and/or waste details; waste source details; waste destination details; waste generator details; transport vehicle details including registration, driver and/or vehicle type; container supplier details; and waste management company.
When the waste 505 within container 110 is dispatched from the source location to the destination location, waste dispatch information 119 is generated and transferred to storage utility 102. The waste dispatch information includes, for example, time and/or date;
container and/or waste details; waste source details; waste destination details; waste generator details; transport vehicle details including registration, driver and/or vehicle type; container supplier details; and waste management company. When the waste 505 is emptied from container 110 at the destination location, container emptied information 120 is generated and transferred to storage utility 102. Container emptied information includes, for example, time and/or date; container and/or waste details; waste source details; waste destination details; waste generator details; transport vehicle details including registration, driver and/or vehicle type; container supplier details; and waste management company. All the data types 117, 118, 119, 120 and 122 are associated with the waste ID marker, attached to waste 505 within storage utility 102. This database therefore provides tracking information specific to a particular ID marker or set of identically marked ID markers.
Optionally, a waste container (ID) tag may be attached to the container and data 116 may be generated, transferred and stored at the storage utility 102 specific to the container 109. This container ID tag information includes waste source information 123 and waste destination information 124. Electronic reader or scanner devices 103 are configured to read the electronic ID tags attached to the containers by scanning the tag electronically at the different stages from collection, through delivery to processing at a plant 112. The container E) tag comprises a barcode or other suitable electronically readable symbol or text based identification. The waste source information 123 includes, for example, time and/or date of waste generation; time and/or date waste deposited in container; waste type; waste volume; intended waste destination details; waste source location details; waste generator details; date and time of waste generation; available recycling options; container supplier identification; container supplier contact details; waste management company. Additionally, the waste destination information 124 includes, for example, time and/or date; container and/or waste details; waste source details; waste destination details; waste generator details; transport vehicle details including registration, driver and/or vehicle type; container supplier details; and waste management company.
Additionally, some or all of the containers 110, forming part of the management system 100 may comprise a global positioning device enabling satellite tracking 104 so as determine accurately the specific location of the container from an initial storage location through the waste source location to the waste destination location. This container GPS information 125 is also transferred, processed and stored at the storage utility 102 via management hub 101 and network 103, 104.
Additionally, the system 100 may be configured to store, interrogate and output static or motion images of the waste and container at the various stages of the treatment process 108. This image information 126 is generated from cameras, for example, attached to the container and/or a collection and delivery vehicle 111. The cameras may be operated manually and/or automatically to record images of the waste with this information being transferred and stored within storage utility 102.
The system information/data 114 can be transferred from storage utility 102 via management hub 101 and output to clients 105, 106, 107 as required in report format. Such reports may be generated and forwarded by email, SMS text communication and the like. Referring to figures 2 to 5, each user 105, 106, 107 and 112 must register with the management system 100 so as to be enabled to receive the waste tracking information. Referring to figure 2, a waste contractor 105 contacts an administrator 200 to allow the contractor's details to be entered into the system 100. The contractor 105 then receives an authorisation user name and password 201 and a credit account 203. Unique ID and contractor details are then associated with the ID markers 707, in the form of microdots. Each microdot 707 is embodied with information on a metal or plastic plate and suspended or contained within a suitable dispenser 705 to enable attachment of the markers 707 to waste 505. The ID marker information input by the administrator 200 is then stored within storage utility 102. A contract 202 is also generated by the management system 100 between contractor 105 and the waste management system 100.
Referring to figure 3, a domestic or commercial client 106 may also register with the system 100 via administrator 200 to receive the authorisation details 201 and credit account 203. A contract 202 is also generated. The client 106 is then appointed an approved waste carrier 107 via management centre 100 and optionally contractor 105. The client 106 is then in a position to monitor and track waste 505 as part of the waste generation and treatment process 108 via markers 707. Similarly, and referring to figure 4, a waste processing facility 112 may also register with the system 100 via administrator 200. The facility's details are also stored within utility 102 and the facility 112 receives a user name and password 201 and a credit account is issued 203. A contract 202 is also generated to establish the working operation and relationship between facility 112 and management system 100. The facility 112, by attaching markers 707 to waste at an initial and/or various additional stages of the treatment process 805, it is enabled to monitor the waste 505 as it is processed through the different stages 800, 801, 802, 803. Qualitative and quantitative tracking and information output is possible. In particular, via the management system 100, it is possible for a facility 112 to quantitatively determine the use and efficiency of different processing streams 800 to 803. Also, any anomalous unbalanced information such as volume of waste in verses volume of waste processed, may be monitored by and/or out to the facility 112 and any other designated users of the system. According to a specific embodiment, monitoring the tracking of waste 505 is also possible via attaching and monitoring identification (ID) tags to the container that is to house the waste 505. In particular, and referring to figure 5, a waste carrier 107 contacts
administrator 200 to be entered into the system 100. The carrier 107 then receives the authorisation user name and password 201 and a credit account 203. Unique vehicle, contractor and skip numbers are then associated with individual ID tags 204 and the container ID information input by the administrator 200 stored within storage utility 102. A corresponding contract 202 is also generated by the management system 100.
Referring to figure 6, the waste 505 may be marked at various intervals as container 109 is filled. Accordingly, all waste 505 within the filled container 110 is ID marked. The microdot markers 707 are sprayed onto the waste as illustrated at stage 702 at the final filling stage via a suitable aerosol suspension 706 propelled from canister 705. The microdot security system may also comprise UV marker and tracer components to enable dual or multiple verification and identification. That is, waste 505 may be treated with a solution or formulation that is identifiable under UV or IR lamps.
The management system 100 also enables users to track containers and waste using global satellite positioning information transmitted via a GPS transmitter 704 permanently attached to a container 109 carrying ID tag 204. The GPS transmitter 704 may be attached to container 109 via a suitably robust housing to prevent fraudulent detachment or tampering. As with the ID tag 204, if unauthorised tampering or removal of the devices is attempted each device 204, 704 may be configured to transmit a tamper signal to the management hub and/or to immediately perish so as to be of no further use.
The present system therefore provides three independent mechanisms for monitoring and tracking waste disposal and processing involving electronic scanning of container IDs 204, identifying or reading of the microdot ID markers 707 and the global positioning information generated from GPS transmitters 704 as detailed with reference to figure 10. Figure 7 provides an overview of the generation of the waste tracking information 114 as part of the tracking process 108. An authorised user 106 or contractor 105 is given access to an authorised waste haulier 107 having a fleet of containers 109 bearing the electronic readable tags 204. At stage 500 a container 109 is dispatched from a storage location, for example the location of the waste carrier. The barcode 204 is scanned by reader 103 and container dispatch information 119 uploaded and transferred to management system 100. When container 109 arrives at a waste source location at stage 501, the tag 204 is read again by reader 103 to generate container delivery information 120 for storage within utility 102. Waste 506 is then deposited within container 109 and waste source information 117 is generated and transferred to storage utility 102. The ID markers 707 are applied to the waste as it is deposited within the container at stage 502. A collection vehicle is then dispatched to transport the filled container to a destination location at stage 503. Waste dispatch information 121 is then generated once the markers 707 have been identified with this information also being uploaded to utility 102 via device 103. Information is then captured again at stage 502 as the waste arrives at the destination location via device 103. This waste destination information 118 is also transferred and stored within utility 102. Additionally, container emptied information may also be uploaded to utility 102 as the waste 505 is emptied from the container 109 at waste treatment process plant 112. The waste may then be monitored further through stages 805 of the waste treatment process at plant 112.
Referring to figure 8, the present waste management system 100 is compatible for use with a plurality of different users that may be given the same or different levels of access to the same or different information within storage utility 102. In particular, it may be advantageous to partition storage utility 102 so as to optimise information storage, processing and retrieval. Access could then be provided to the various partitioned sections of utility 102 for a user. Example users include an environment agency 600, an authorised domestic or commercial client 601, a container or waste carrier 602, a commercial contractor 603, taxation bodies 604, local authorities or councils 605 and law enforcement departments 606. For example, the waste processing engine within system 100 may be configured to identify anomalous information and data within utility 102 and report this to specific users such as councils 605 and/or law enforcement departments 606. For example if the waste destination information 118 does not correspond to a destination location component of the waste source information 117, this may be reported as unauthorised disposal of waste and action taken appropriately. Similarly, if the waste dispatch 119 or container emptied 120 detail comprises information components that do not correspond to the intended disposal requirements, specified by, for example, a client 106, this may be highlighted and reported to the client 106 and/or additional users 605, 606. The information processing engine within management system 100 is configured to interrogate and process data within the storage utility 102 to identify and report a plurality of different data cross-checks at the various stages of the waste treatment process 805. This reporting may be provided in real-time via, for example, SMS text messaging, email or voice-mobile alerts.
Referring to figure 9, the waste E) markers 707 are particularly useful to users 600, 604, 605 and 606. This tracking mechanism is also of great advantage to waste processing plant 112 so as to monitor the waste during treatment 805 within the plant 112. In particular, the ID markers 707 may be identified when the filled container 110 arrives at plant 112. The ID markers may then be identified sequentially through stages 800, 801, 802, 803 as the waste is processed through the various stages of the disposal and recycling process 808. The container ID 204 may also be monitored independently at the start and finish of a single process stage 800, 801, 802 or 803 and a final output stage 804 where the container leaves the plant 112.
Via a user terminal, a plant operator 112 may interrogate the data within utility 102 via a suitable user interface. Further users 600, 605 may also be given access to the data within utility 105 as the waste 505 is processed through the different stages 800 to 803 of process 805. Optionally, a report or waste transfer note 806 is generated periodically at the various intervals and/or at completion of the processing cycle 805, with this report or waste transfer note being supplied to an authorised user 807 for example. Figure 10 illustrates the three different mechanisms for tracking waste according to the present management system using container ID tags 204, ID markers 707 and GPS units 704. All information 114 generated in real time and/or as uploaded from the information input devices 103 when the ID tag and markers 204, 207 are identified/read is then uploaded and stored within storage utility 102 via management hub 101.
The present system is configured to generate waste transfer notes 806 to be dispatched at different time internals to different users 105, 106, 107 and 112 as required. Different waste transfer notes or reports 900 may be generated to different users 600 to 606 depending upon the access and preference details initially registered against each user during the initial set-up and registration process described by way of example with reference to figures 2 to 5.
Via a user interface, each user may change and update information relating to reporting preferences including for example, the type of waste transfer note 806 generated, the transmission format, information content and generation and delivery time intervals. The management system 100 is configured to record waste transfer note generation and to keep records of all reports transmitted including acknowledgement of receipt and distribution lists. Administration of information within the management system 100 is possible via any suitable user interface and may be undertaken locally or remotely from hub 101 and storage utility 102. Additionally, the management system 100 may also comprise a suitable accounting component including for example a separate storage utility, hub and processing engine. The accounting facility may be administered separately or collectively with the waste tracking management hub 101 and enable the management system 100 to manage the credit accounts 203 of each user according to each respective contract 202 generated on initial registration of each user.

Claims

Claims:
1. A waste management process comprising:
inputting and storing waste information at a data storage utility forming part of a waste management hub and associating the waste information with a waste identification (ID) marker;
attaching the ID marker to waste;
identifying the ID marker using a device and generating waste source information after or before the waste has been deposited in a container at a waste source location;
transferring the waste source information to the management hub and storing the waste source information at the storage utility, the waste source information being associated with the ID marker;
identifying the ID marker using a device and generating waste destination information when the waste has arrived from the waste source location to a waste destination location;
transferring the waste designation information to the management hub and storing the waste destination information at the storage utility, the waste destination information being associated with the ID marker;
processing the waste information within the storage utility using a management engine to generate waste tracking data associated with the ID marker.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1 further comprising:
identifying the ID marker using a device and generating waste dispatch information when the container is filled with waste and dispatched from the source location;
transferring the waste dispatch information to the management hub and storing the waste dispatch information at the storage utility.
3. The process as claimed in claim 1 or 2 further comprising:
identifying the ID marker using a device and generating container emptied information when waste is emptied from the container at the waste destination location; transferring the emptied information to the management hub and storing the emptied information at the storage utility.
4. The process as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the waste information comprises any one or a combination of the following set of:
• user identification;
• user contact details;
• user management system identification;
• waste management company.
5. The process as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the waste source information comprises any one or a combination of the following set of:
• time and/or date of waste generation;
• time and/or date waste deposited in container;
· waste type;
• waste volume;
• intended waste destination details;
• waste source location details;
• waste generator details;
· available recycling options;
• container supplier identification;
• container supplier contact details;
• waste management company.
6. The process as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the waste destination information comprises any one or a combination of the following set of:
• time and/or date;
• container and/or waste details;
• waste source details;
· waste destination details;
• waste generator details; • transport vehicle details including registration, driver and/or vehicle type;
• container supplier details; and
• waste management company.
7. The process as claimed in any preceding claim when dependent on claim 2 wherein the waste dispatch information comprises any one or a combination of the following set of:
• time and/or date;
• container and/or waste details;
· waste source details;
• waste destination details;
• waste generator details;
• transport vehicle details including registration, driver and/or vehicle type;
• container supplier details; and
· waste management company.
8. The process as claimed in any preceding claim when dependent on claim 3 wherein the container emptied information comprises any one or a combination of the following set of:
· time and/or date;
• container and/or waste details;
• waste source details;
• waste destination details;
• waste generator details;
· transport vehicle details including registration, driver and/or vehicle type;
• container supplier details; and
• waste management company.
9. The process as claimed in any preceding claim further comprising automatically outputting the waste tracking data as at least one report following the identification of the waste ID marker.
10. The process as claimed in any proceeding claim wherein the waste ID marker comprises any one or a combination of the following set of:
• a microdot;
• micro text;
· micro alpha numeric symbols;
• micro logo identifiers;
• a chemical formulation;
• a liquid or solution comprising a chemical configured to be visible under UV light;
· a liquid or solution comprising a chemical configured to be visible under infrared light;
• symbols or code embedded on particles;
• a water based solution containing low level chemical additives;
• a polymer emulsion comprising a blend of chemical agents according to a binary code;
• a copolymer of vinyl acetate and isopropyl alcohol comprising suspended fragments or particulates;
• a solid micro plate or disc comprising a 2D barcode;
• a tab, tag, label or sticker comprising identification symbols;
· a tab, tag, label or sticker comprising a barcode.
11. The process as claimed in any proceeding claim wherein the device to identify the ID marker is any one or a combination of the following set of:
• an electronic scanner or reader connected to or integrated with a handheld personal digital assistant (PDA), palmtop computer or remote electronic device having wireless communication means to connect to a wireless network;
• a UV lamp;
• a magnifying lens;
· a chemical solution;
• a chemical compound; • an aerosol spray;
• a water based solution;
• an IR lamp.
12. The process as claimed in any proceeding claim further comprising attaching a satellite trackable device to the container.
13. The process as claimed in claim 12 further comprising receiving global position system (GPS) information at the hub as the waste and the container are transported between the waste source location and the waste destination location.
14. The process as claimed in claim 12 or 13 further comprising storing the GPS information at the storage utility.
15. The process as claimed in claims 12 or 13 further comprising outputting data based on the GPS information in the storage utility as part of the generated waste tracking data.
16. The process as claimed in any proceeding claim further comprising capturing static or motion images as waste is deposited in the container at the waste source location and/or when waste is emptied from the container at the waste destination location.
17. The process as claimed in claim 16 wherein the static or motion images are received at the hub and stored at the storage utility.
18. The process as claimed in claim 16 further comprising capturing static or motion images when the container is loaded and/or unloaded at a transport vehicle at the waste source and waste destination locations respectively.
19. The process as claimed in any proceeding claim further comprising attaching a readable container identification (ID) tag to the container prior to or after the waste has been deposited in the container at the waste source location.
20. The process as claimed in claim 19 further comprising inputting and storing container information at the storage utility forming part of the management hub and associating the container ID tag with the container information within the storage utility.
21. The process as claimed in claims 19 or 20 further comprising:
electronically reading the container ID tag using a reader device and generating waste source information when waste is deposited in the container at the waste source location;
transferring the waste source information to the management hub and storing the waste source information at the storage utility, the waste source information being associated with the container ID tag.
22. The process as claimed in claims 19 to 21 further comprising:
electronically reading the container ID tag using a reader device and generating waste destination information when the container has arrived from the waste source location at the waste destination location;
transferring the waste destination information to the management hub and storing the waste destination information at the storage utility, the waste destination information being associated with the container ID tag.
23. The process as claimed in any one of claims 19 to 22 further comprising processing the waste information associated with the container ID tag using the waste management engine to generate waste tracking data.
24. A waste management system comprising:
a plurality of waste identification (ID) markers attachable to waste generated at a waste source location;
a storage utility to store information input into the system being associated with the ID markers;
a management hub to manage transfer of the information to and/or from the storage utility; a process engine configured to process the information within the storage utility and to generate waste tracking data as the waste is transported between a waste source location and a waste destination location, the waste tracking data associated with the ID markers.
25. The system as claimed in claim 24 further comprising:
a user interface to enable a user to input the information at the storage utility via the management hub to be associated with the ID marker.
26. The system as claimed in claim 24 or 25 wherein the ID markers comprise any one or a combination of the following set of:
• a microdot;
• micro text;
• micro alpha numeric symbols;
· micro logo identifiers;
• a chemical formulation;
• a liquid or solution comprising a chemical configured to be visible under UV light;
• a liquid or solution comprising a chemical configured to be visible under infrared light;
• symbols or code embedded on particles;
• a water based solution containing low level chemical additives;
• a polymer emulsion comprising a blend of chemical agents according to a binary code;
· a copolymer of vinyl acetate and isopropyl alcohol comprising suspended fragments or particulates;
• a solid micro plate or disc comprising a 2D barcode;
• a tab, tag, label or sticker comprising identification symbols;
• a tab, tag, label or sticker comprising a barcode.
27. The system as claimed in claim 26 further comprising: a plurality of remote identification devices capable of identifying, reading, detecting, or visualising the identification markers and/or information, symbols, detail or chemicals forming part of or displayed on the ID markers.
28. The system as claimed in any one of claims 24 to 27 further comprising:
a plurality of containers for transporting the waste;
a plurality of readable container identification (ED) tags attachable to the plurality of containers; and
a plurality of reader devices capable of reading the (ID) tags.
29. The system as claimed in any one of claims 24 to 28 further comprising:
global position system (GPS) components including a GPS transmitter attached to each container and a GPS receiver to receive and store GPS information at the storage utility via the management hub to be associated with the ID markers.
PCT/GB2011/052314 2010-11-24 2011-11-24 Waste management system WO2012069839A1 (en)

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