WO2012067118A1 - 太陽電池の製造方法 - Google Patents
太陽電池の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012067118A1 WO2012067118A1 PCT/JP2011/076312 JP2011076312W WO2012067118A1 WO 2012067118 A1 WO2012067118 A1 WO 2012067118A1 JP 2011076312 W JP2011076312 W JP 2011076312W WO 2012067118 A1 WO2012067118 A1 WO 2012067118A1
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- diffusion layer
- forming composition
- type diffusion
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- layer forming
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- GXOHBWLPQHTYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(=O)C(C)O GXOHBWLPQHTYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005323 phenoxyethanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Pt] PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N rac-alpha-Pinene Natural products CC1=CCC2C(C)(C)C1C2 GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007261 regionalization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- BRGJIIMZXMWMCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)O BRGJIIMZXMWMCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJPBRODHZKDRCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-alpha-ocimene Natural products CC(=C)CCC=C(C)C=C XJPBRODHZKDRCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMUJIPOFTAHSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(C)O XMUJIPOFTAHSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IHPKGUQCSIINRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N β-ocimene Natural products CC(C)=CCC=C(C)C=C IHPKGUQCSIINRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/186—Particular post-treatment for the devices, e.g. annealing, impurity gettering, short-circuit elimination, recrystallisation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/22—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities
- H01L21/225—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities using diffusion into or out of a solid from or into a solid phase, e.g. a doped oxide layer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/22—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities
- H01L21/225—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities using diffusion into or out of a solid from or into a solid phase, e.g. a doped oxide layer
- H01L21/2251—Diffusion into or out of group IV semiconductors
- H01L21/2254—Diffusion into or out of group IV semiconductors from or through or into an applied layer, e.g. photoresist, nitrides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/22—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities
- H01L21/225—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities using diffusion into or out of a solid from or into a solid phase, e.g. a doped oxide layer
- H01L21/2251—Diffusion into or out of group IV semiconductors
- H01L21/2254—Diffusion into or out of group IV semiconductors from or through or into an applied layer, e.g. photoresist, nitrides
- H01L21/2255—Diffusion into or out of group IV semiconductors from or through or into an applied layer, e.g. photoresist, nitrides the applied layer comprising oxides only, e.g. P2O5, PSG, H3BO3, doped oxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
- H01L31/068—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/1804—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof comprising only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a solar cell.
- a pn junction is formed by diffusing a p-type impurity into an n-type semiconductor substrate such as silicon to form a p-type diffusion layer.
- a selective emitter structure in which the impurity concentration in the region other than directly under the electrode is lower than the impurity concentration directly under the electrode (for example, L. Debarge, M.Schott, JCMuller, R.Monna, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 74 (2002) 71-75).
- this region since a region having a high impurity concentration (hereinafter, this region is also referred to as “selective emitter”) is formed immediately below the electrode, the contact resistance between the metal electrode and silicon can be reduced.
- the impurity concentration is reduced except for the metal electrode portion, and the conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be improved.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell manufacturing method that enables a solar cell having a selective emitter structure to be manufactured by a simple method without requiring a complicated device.
- the present invention includes the following aspects. ⁇ 1> A step of applying a first p-type diffusion layer forming composition containing glass powder containing a p-type impurity and a dispersion medium to a partial region on one surface of a semiconductor substrate; 1 on the surface to which the composition for forming a p-type diffusion layer is applied, and at least a region other than the partial region contains a glass powder containing a p-type impurity and a dispersion medium, and the first p-type diffusion layer A step of applying a second p-type diffusion layer forming composition having a p-type impurity concentration lower than that of the forming composition, and the first p-type diffusion layer forming composition and the second p-type diffusion layer forming composition A method for manufacturing a solar cell, comprising: a step of heat-treating a given semiconductor substrate to form a p-type diffusion layer; and a step of forming an electrode on the partial region.
- p-type impurity includes at least one element selected from B (boron), Al (aluminum), and Ga (gallium).
- the glass powder containing the p-type impurity includes at least one p-type impurity-containing material selected from B 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3, and Ga 2 O 3 , and SiO 2 , K 2 O, and Na. At least one glass component material selected from 2 O, Li 2 O, BaO, SrO, CaO, MgO, BeO, ZnO, PbO, CdO, V 2 O 5 , SnO, ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , and MoO 3 And the method for producing a solar cell according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a solar cell manufacturing method that enables a solar cell having a selective emitter structure to be manufactured by a simple method without requiring a complicated device.
- the term “process” is not limited to an independent process, and is included in the term if the intended action of the process is achieved even when it cannot be clearly distinguished from other processes. .
- a numerical range indicated using “to” indicates a range including the numerical values described before and after “to” as the minimum value and the maximum value, respectively.
- the amount of each component in the composition is the total amount of the plurality of substances present in the composition unless there is a specific indication when there are a plurality of substances corresponding to each component in the composition. means.
- the method for producing a solar cell of the present invention includes a step of applying a first p-type diffusion layer forming composition containing a glass powder containing a p-type impurity and a dispersion medium to a partial region on one surface of a semiconductor substrate.
- a glass powder containing a p-type impurity and a dispersion medium at least in a region other than the partial region on the surface of the semiconductor substrate to which the first p-type diffusion layer forming composition is applied Applying a second p-type diffusion layer forming composition having a p-type impurity concentration lower than that of the first p-type diffusion layer forming composition, the first p-type diffusion layer forming composition, and the second p-type Including a step of heat-treating a semiconductor substrate provided with the diffusion layer forming composition to form a p-type diffusion layer, a step of forming an electrode on the partial region, and other steps as necessary. Composed.
- the p-type diffusion layer forming composition contains at least one kind of glass powder containing p-type impurities and at least one kind of dispersion medium, and further requires other additives in consideration of applicability and the like. It may be contained accordingly.
- the p-type diffusion layer forming composition refers to a material containing a p-type impurity and capable of forming a p-type diffusion layer by thermally diffusing the p-type impurity after being applied to a silicon substrate. .
- a p-type diffusion layer is formed at a desired site.
- the p-type impurities in the glass powder are less likely to be volatilized even during firing, the p-type diffusion layer is formed not only on the portion to which the p-type diffusion layer forming composition is applied by the generation of the volatilization gas but also on the back surface and side surfaces. It is suppressed. As this reason, it is considered that p-type impurities are bonded to an element in the glass powder or are taken into the glass, so that it is difficult to volatilize.
- the p-type impurity contained in the glass powder is an element capable of forming a p-type diffusion layer by diffusing into the silicon substrate.
- Group 13 elements can be used as the p-type impurity, and examples thereof include B (boron), Al (aluminum), and Ga (gallium).
- the glass powder can control the melting temperature, softening point, glass transition point, chemical durability, and the like by adjusting the component ratio as necessary. Furthermore, it is preferable to contain the glass component substance described below.
- glass component materials include SiO 2 , K 2 O, Na 2 O, Li 2 O, BaO, SrO, CaO, MgO, BeO, ZnO, PbO, CdO, Tl 2 O, V 2 O 5 , SnO, and WO 3.
- SiO 2 At least one selected from K 2 O, Na 2 O, Li 2 O, BaO, SrO, CaO, MgO, BeO, ZnO, PbO, CdO, V 2 O 5 , SnO, ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , and MoO 3. It is preferred to use seeds.
- the glass powder containing the p-type impurity include both the p-type impurity-containing material and the glass component material, and B 2 O 3 —SiO 2 system (p-type impurity-containing material—glass component material).
- a system containing B 2 O 3 as a p-type impurity-containing substance such as a B 2 O 3 —ZnO system, a B 2 O 3 —PbO system, or a B 2 O 3 single system, Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 system like p-type impurity-containing material as a system containing Al 2 O 3 of, Ga 2 O 3 -SiO 2 based glass powder, such as systems including Ga 2 O 3 as a p-type impurity-containing material systems such as Is mentioned.
- it may be a glass powder containing two or more kinds of p-type impurity-containing substances such as Al 2 O 3 —B 2 O 3 system, Ga 2 O 3 —B 2 O 3 system and the like.
- p-type impurity-containing substances such as Al 2 O 3 —B 2 O 3 system, Ga 2 O 3 —B 2 O 3 system and the like.
- a single component glass or a composite glass containing two components is exemplified, but glass powder containing three or more components such as B 2 O 3 —SiO 2 —Na 2 O may be used.
- the content ratio of the glass component substance in the glass powder is preferably set appropriately in consideration of the melting temperature, softening point, glass transition point, chemical durability, etc., and generally 0.1 mass% or more and 95 mass%. Or less, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less.
- the softening point of the glass powder is preferably 200 ° C. to 1000 ° C., more preferably 300 ° C. to 900 ° C., from the viewpoints of diffusibility during the diffusion treatment and dripping.
- the shape of the glass powder include a substantially spherical shape, a flat shape, a block shape, a plate shape, a scale shape, and the like. From the viewpoint of application property to a substrate and uniform diffusibility when an n-type diffusion layer forming composition is used. It is desirable to have a substantially spherical shape, flat shape, or plate shape.
- the average particle size of the glass powder is desirably 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size of the glass powder is more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more.
- the average particle diameter of glass represents a volume average particle diameter, and can be measured by a laser scattering diffraction method particle size distribution measuring apparatus or the like.
- the glass powder containing p-type impurities is produced by the following procedure.
- Examples of the material for the crucible include platinum, platinum-rhodium, iridium, alumina, quartz, carbon, and the like, which are appropriately selected in consideration of the melting temperature, atmosphere, reactivity with the molten material, mixing of impurities, and the like.
- the obtained melt is poured onto a zirconia substrate, a carbon substrate or the like to vitrify the melt.
- the glass is crushed into powder.
- a known method such as a jet mill, a bead mill, or a ball mill can be applied to the pulverization.
- the content ratio of the glass powder containing the p-type impurity in the p-type diffusion layer forming composition is determined in consideration of the coating property, the diffusibility of the p-type impurity and the like.
- the content ratio of the glass powder in the p-type diffusion layer forming composition is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less, more preferably 1% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, The content is more preferably 1.5% by mass or more and 85% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 2% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less.
- the dispersion medium is a medium in which the glass powder is dispersed in the composition. Specifically, a binder, a solvent, or the like is employed as the dispersion medium.
- binder examples include polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamides, polyvinylamides, polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly (meth) acrylic acids, polyethylene oxides, polysulfonic acid, acrylamide alkylsulfonic acid, cellulose ethers, cellulose derivatives, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxy Ethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, gelatin, starch and starch derivatives, sodium alginate, xanthan and xanthan derivatives, gua and gua derivatives, scleroglucan and scleroglucan derivatives, tragacanth and tragacanth derivatives, dextrin and dextrin derivatives, (meth) acrylic acid resin , (Meth) acrylic acid resin, (meth) acrylic acid ester resin (for example, alkyl (meth) acrylate Resin, dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate resin, etc.), butadiene resin,
- the solvent examples include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl-n-propyl ketone, methyl-iso-propyl ketone, methyl-n-butyl ketone, methyl-iso-butyl ketone, methyl-n-pentyl ketone, methyl-n-hexyl ketone, Ketone solvents such as diethyl ketone, dipropyl ketone, di-iso-butyl ketone, trimethylnonanone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, methylcyclohexanone, 2,4-pentanedione, acetonylacetone; diethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methyl -N-propyl ether, di-iso-propyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethyldio
- ⁇ -terpineol diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, and 2- (2-butoxyethoxy) ethyl acetate are preferred from the viewpoint of applicability to the substrate.
- the content ratio of the dispersion medium in the p-type diffusion layer forming composition is determined in consideration of applicability and p-type impurity concentration.
- the viscosity of the p-type diffusion layer forming composition is preferably 10 mPa ⁇ s or more and 1000000 mPa ⁇ s or less, and more preferably 50 mPa ⁇ s or more and 500000 mPa ⁇ s or less in consideration of applicability.
- the present invention at least two p-type diffusion layer forming compositions having different p-type impurity concentrations are used.
- the first p-type diffusion layer forming composition having a high p-type impurity concentration is applied to the electrode forming region on one surface of the semiconductor substrate, and the second p-type having a low p-type impurity concentration is provided.
- the diffusion layer forming composition is applied to a region other than the electrode forming region on the same surface or the entire surface.
- a p-type diffusion layer is formed by diffusing the p-type impurity in the p-type diffusion layer forming composition into the semiconductor substrate by heat treatment, whereby a selective emitter having a high p-type impurity concentration is formed in the electrode formation region. Can be formed.
- the concentration of the p-type impurity in the first p-type diffusion layer forming composition and the second p-type diffusion layer forming composition is not particularly limited as long as the first p-type diffusion layer forming composition is larger. From the viewpoint of the formation efficiency of the high-concentration p-type diffusion layer (selective emitter) and photovoltaic efficiency, p in the first p-type diffusion layer forming composition with respect to the p-type impurity concentration in the second p-type diffusion layer forming composition
- the ratio of the type impurity concentration (first p-type diffusion layer forming composition / second p-type diffusion layer forming composition) is preferably 1.1 to 50, and preferably 1.2 to 20. More preferred.
- the p-type impurity concentration in the p-type diffusion layer forming composition can be adjusted by appropriately selecting the content ratio of the glass powder, the content ratio of the p-type impurity contained in the glass powder, and the like.
- the damaged layer on the surface of the silicon substrate is removed by etching using an acidic or alkaline solution.
- a protective film made of a silicon oxide film or a silicon nitride film is formed on one surface of the silicon substrate.
- the silicon oxide film can be formed by, for example, an atmospheric pressure CVD method using silane gas and oxygen.
- the silicon nitride film can be formed by, for example, a plasma CVD method using silane gas, ammonia gas, and nitrogen gas.
- a fine uneven structure called a texture structure is formed on the surface of the silicon substrate where the protective film is not formed.
- the texture structure can be formed, for example, by immersing a silicon substrate on which a protective film is formed in a solution of about 80 ° C. containing potassium hydroxide and isopropyl alcohol (IPA). Subsequently, the protective film is etched away by immersing the silicon substrate in hydrofluoric acid.
- IPA isopropyl alcohol
- a p-type diffusion layer is formed on the n-type silicon substrate to form a pn junction.
- the p-type diffusion layer forming composition is applied to the electrode formation region (electrode formation planned region) where the light-receiving surface electrode is formed, so that the impurity concentration in the electrode formation region is higher than that other than the electrode formation region. It is characterized by high.
- the shape and size of the electrode formation region having a high impurity concentration can be appropriately selected according to the structure of the solar cell to be configured. The shape can be, for example, a line shape.
- Only the first p-type diffusion layer forming composition may be applied to the electrode formation region, or both of the first p-type diffusion layer forming composition and the second p-type diffusion layer forming composition. May be given.
- the order of applying the first p-type diffusion layer forming composition and the second p-type diffusion layer forming composition is not particularly limited. That is, after the first p-type diffusion layer forming composition is applied to the electrode forming region, the second p-type diffusion layer forming composition may be applied to the entire light receiving surface or a region other than the electrode forming region. The first p-type diffusion layer forming composition may be applied to the electrode forming region after the second p-type diffusion layer forming composition is applied to the entire light receiving surface or the region other than the electrode forming region.
- the method for applying the first p-type diffusion layer forming composition and the second p-type diffusion layer forming composition is not particularly limited, and a commonly used method can be used. For example, it can be performed using a printing method such as a screen printing method or a gravure printing method, a spin method, a brush coating, a spray method, a doctor blade method, a roll coater method, an ink jet method or the like.
- the application methods of the first p-type diffusion layer forming composition and the second p-type diffusion layer forming composition may be the same or different. There is no restriction
- the glass powder amount can be 0.01 g / m 2 to 100 g / m 2, and preferably 0.1 g / m 2 to 10 g / m 2 .
- the ratio of the applied amount of the second p-type diffusion layer forming composition to the applied amount of the first p-type diffusion layer forming composition is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected so that the formed p-type diffusion layer has a desired impurity concentration.
- a heating step for removing at least a part of the dispersion medium may be provided.
- the heating step for example, at least a part of the solvent can be volatilized by heat treatment at 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. Further, for example, at least a part of the binder may be removed by heat treatment at 200 ° C. to 500 ° C.
- the p-type diffusion layer is formed by heat-treating the silicon substrate to which the p-type diffusion layer forming composition is applied.
- heat treatment p-type impurities are diffused from the p-type diffusion layer forming composition into the silicon substrate, and a high concentration p-type diffusion layer is formed in the electrode formation region where the light-receiving surface electrode is formed, and a low concentration is formed in other regions.
- a p-type diffusion layer is formed.
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably 800 ° C. or higher and 1100 ° C. or lower, more preferably 850 ° C. or higher and 1100 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 900 ° C. or higher and 1100 ° C. or lower.
- the glass layer remains on the silicon substrate on which the p-type diffusion layer is formed as described above, it is preferable that the glass layer is removed.
- the glass layer can be removed by a known method such as a method of immersing in an acid such as hydrofluoric acid or a method of immersing in an alkali such as caustic soda.
- an antireflection film is formed on the light receiving surface on which the p-type diffusion layer is formed.
- the antireflection film for example, a nitride film formed by a plasma CVD method can be used.
- electrodes are formed on the back surface and the light receiving surface of the substrate.
- a commonly used method can be used without particular limitation.
- the light-receiving surface electrode (surface electrode) is applied with a surface electrode metal paste containing metal particles and glass particles so as to have a desired shape on the electrode formation region, and is subjected to a baking treatment to obtain a high concentration.
- a surface electrode can be formed on the electrode formation region where the p-type diffusion layer is formed.
- the surface electrode metal paste for example, a silver paste or the like commonly used in the technical field can be used.
- the back electrode can be formed, for example, by applying a back electrode paste containing a metal such as aluminum, silver, or copper, and drying and baking the paste. At this time, a silver paste for forming a silver electrode may be partially provided on the back surface for connection between cells in the module process.
- Example 1 Glass powder having a substantially spherical particle shape, an average particle diameter of 1.5 ⁇ m and a softening temperature of about 810 ° C. (mainly composed of B 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , CaO, MgO, BaO, 30%, 40%, 10%, 10%, 10%), ethyl cellulose, and terpineol 20 g, 8 g, and 72 g, respectively, were mixed into a paste to prepare a first p-type diffusion layer forming composition (Composition A). Further, glass powder having a substantially spherical particle shape, an average particle diameter of 1.5 ⁇ m, and a softening temperature of about 810 ° C.
- Composition A first p-type diffusion layer forming composition
- composition B (mainly composed of B 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , CaO, MgO, BaO, 30%, 40%, respectively) %, 10%, 10%, 10%), ethyl cellulose, and terpineol were mixed to form a paste by mixing 5 g, 6 g, and 89 g, respectively, to prepare a second p-type diffusion layer forming composition (Composition B).
- the glass particle shape was determined by observing with a TM-1000 scanning electron microscope manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation.
- the average particle size of the glass was calculated using a LS 13 320 type laser scattering diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (measurement wavelength: 632 nm) manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.
- the softening point of the glass was obtained from a differential heat (DTA) curve using a DTG-60H type differential heat / thermogravimetric simultaneous measuring device manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
- composition A is applied to a part of the surface of the n-type silicon substrate by screen printing in a line shape and dried at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- composition B is screened on the entire surface of the silicon substrate. It was applied by printing and dried at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes. And the binder removal process was performed for 3 minutes at 350 degreeC.
- the average value of the sheet resistance of the portion coated with the composition A is 58 ⁇ / ⁇ , and the average value of the sheet resistance of the other portions is 127 ⁇ / ⁇ , and the portion coated with the composition A is selective.
- the resistance was lowered.
- the sheet resistance was measured by a four-probe method using a Loresta-EP MCP-T360 type low resistivity meter manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation.
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Abstract
Description
また、複数の不純物濃度の拡散剤をインクジェット法による基板に塗り分け、不純物を拡散する方法が提案されている(例えば、特開2004-221149号公報参照)。
<1> 半導体基板の一方の面上の部分領域に、p型不純物を含むガラス粉末及び分散媒を含有する第1のp型拡散層形成組成物を付与する工程と、前記半導体基板の前記第1のp型拡散層形成組成物が付与される面上であって、少なくとも前記部分領域以外の領域に、p型不純物を含むガラス粉末及び分散媒を含有し、前記第1のp型拡散層形成組成物よりもp型不純物濃度が低い第2のp型拡散層形成組成物を付与する工程と、前記第1のp型拡散層形成組成物及び第2のp型拡散層形成組成物が付与された半導体基板を熱処理してp型拡散層を形成する工程と、前記部分領域上に電極を形成する工程と、を有する太陽電池の製造方法である。
前記p型拡散層形成組成物は、p型不純物を含むガラス粉末の少なくとも1種と、分散媒の少なくとも1種と、を含有し、更に塗布性などを考慮してその他の添加剤を必要に応じて含有してもよい。
ここで、p型拡散層形成組成物とは、p型不純物を含有し、シリコン基板に塗布した後にこのp型不純物を熱拡散することでp型拡散層を形成することが可能な材料をいう。p型拡散層形成組成物を用いることで、所望の部位にp型拡散層が形成される。
また、ガラス粉末中のp型不純物は焼成中でも揮散しにくいため、揮散ガスの発生によってp型拡散層形成組成物を付与した部分のみでなく裏面や側面にまでp型拡散層が形成されるということが抑制される。この理由として、p型不純物がガラス粉末中の元素と結合しているか、又はガラス中に取り込まれているため、揮散しにくいものと考えられる。
前記ガラス粉末に含まれるp型不純物とは、シリコン基板中に拡散することによってp型拡散層を形成することが可能な元素である。p型不純物としては第13族の元素が使用でき、例えばB(ホウ素)、Al(アルミニウム)、及びGa(ガリウム)などが挙げられる。
p型不純物含有物質としては、B2O3、Al2O3、及びGa2O3が挙げられ、B2O3、Al2O3及びGa2O3から選択される少なくとも1種を用いることが好ましい。
また、ガラス粉末は、必要に応じて成分比率を調整することによって、溶融温度、軟化点、ガラス転移点、化学的耐久性等を制御することが可能である。更に以下に記すガラス成分物質を含むことが好ましい。
p型不純物を含むガラス粉末の具体例としては、前記p型不純物含有物質と前記ガラス成分物質の双方を含むが挙げられ、B2O3-SiO2系(p型不純物含有物質-ガラス成分物質の順で記載、以下同様)、B2O3-ZnO系、B2O3-PbO系、B2O3単独系等のp型不純物含有物質としてB2O3を含む系、Al2O3-SiO2系等のp型不純物含有物質としてAl2O3を含む系、Ga2O3-SiO2系、系等のp型不純物含有物質としてGa2O3を含む系などのガラス粉末が挙げられる。
また、Al2O3-B2O3系、Ga2O3-B2O3系等のように、2種類以上のp型不純物含有物質を含むガラス粉末でもよい。
上記では1成分ガラスあるいは2成分を含む複合ガラスを例示したが、B2O3-SiO2-Na2O等、3成分以上の物質を含むガラス粉末でもよい。
ガラス粉末の形状としては、略球状、扁平状、ブロック状、板状、および鱗片状等が挙げられ、n型拡散層形成組成物とした場合の基板への塗布性や均一拡散性の点から略球状、扁平状、または板状であることが望ましい。ガラス粉末の平均粒径は、100μm以下であることが望ましい。100μm以下の平均粒径を有するガラス粉末を用いた場合には、平滑な塗膜が得られやすい。更に、ガラス粉末の平均粒径は50μm以下であることがより望ましく、10μm以下がさらに望ましい。なお、下限は特に制限されないが、0.01μm以上であることが好ましい。
ここで、ガラスの平均粒径は、体積平均粒子径を表し、レーザー散乱回折法粒度分布測定装置等により測定することができる。
最初に原料を秤量し、るつぼに充填する。るつぼの材質としては白金、白金-ロジウム、イリジウム、アルミナ、石英、炭素等が挙げられるが、溶融温度、雰囲気、溶融物質との反応性、不純物の混入等を考慮して適宜選ばれる。
次に、電気炉でガラス組成に応じた温度で加熱し融液とする。このとき融液が均一となるよう攪拌することが望ましい。
続いて得られた融液をジルコニア基板やカーボン基板等の上に流し出して融液をガラス化する。
最後にガラスを粉砕し粉末状とする。粉砕にはジェットミル、ビーズミル、ボールミル等公知の方法が適用できる。
次に、分散媒について説明する。
分散媒とは、組成物中において上記ガラス粉末を分散させる媒体である。具体的に分散媒としては、バインダーや溶剤などが採用される。
バインダーとしては、例えば、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリアクリルアミド類、ポリビニルアミド類、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリ(メタ)アクリル酸類、ポリエチレンオキサイド類、ポリスルホン酸、アクリルアミドアルキルスルホン酸、セルロースエーテル類、セルロース誘導体、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、エチルセルロース、ゼラチン、澱粉及び澱粉誘導体、アルギン酸ナトリウム類、キサンタン及びキサンタン誘導体、グア及びグア誘導体、スクレログルカン及びスクレログルカン誘導体、トラガカント及びトラガカント誘導体、デキストリン及びデキストリン誘導体、(メタ)アクリル酸樹脂、(メタ)アクリル酸樹脂、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル樹脂(例えば、アルキル(メタ)アクリレート樹脂、ジメチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート樹脂等)、ブタジエン樹脂、スチレン樹脂、及びこれらの共重合体、並びに、シロキサン樹脂などを適宜選択しうる。これらは1種類を単独で又は2種類以上を組み合わせて使用される。
バインダーの分子量は特に制限されず、組成物としての所望の粘度を鑑みて適宜調整することが望ましい。
溶剤としては、例えば、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチル-n-プロピルケトン、メチル-iso-プロピルケトン、メチル-n-ブチルケトン、メチル-iso-ブチルケトン、メチル-n-ペンチルケトン、メチル-n-ヘキシルケトン、ジエチルケトン、ジプロピルケトン、ジ-iso-ブチルケトン、トリメチルノナノン、シクロヘキサノン、シクロペンタノン、メチルシクロヘキサノン、2,4-ペンタンジオン、アセトニルアセトン等のケトン系溶剤;ジエチルエーテル、メチルエチルエーテル、メチル-n-プロピルエーテル、ジ-iso-プロピルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、メチルテトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、ジメチルジオキサン、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジ-n-プロピルエーテル、エチレングリコールジブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールメチルエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールメチル-n-プロピルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールメチル-n-ブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジ-n-プロピルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジ-n-ブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールメチル-n-ヘキシルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールメチルエチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールメチル-n-ブチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールジ-n-ブチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールメチル-n-ヘキシルエーテル、テトラエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、テトラエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、テトラジエチレングリコールメチルエチルエーテル、テトラエチレングリコールメチル-n-ブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジ-n-ブチルエーテル、テトラエチレングリコールメチル-n-ヘキシルエーテル、テトラエチレングリコールジ-n-ブチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールジエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールジ-n-プロピルエーテル、プロピレングリコールジブチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールジエチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールメチルエチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールメチル-n-ブチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールジ-n-プロピルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールジ-n-ブチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールメチル-n-ヘキシルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールジエチルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールメチルエチルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールメチル-n-ブチルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールジ-n-ブチルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールメチル-n-ヘキシルエーテル、テトラプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル、テトラプロピレングリコールジエチルエーテル、テトラジプロピレングリコールメチルエチルエーテル、テトラプロピレングリコールメチル-n-ブチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールジ-n-ブチルエーテル、テトラプロピレングリコールメチル-n-ヘキシルエーテル、テトラプロピレングリコールジ-n-ブチルエーテル等のエーテル系溶剤;酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸n-プロピル、酢酸i-プロピル、酢酸n-ブチル、酢酸i-ブチル、酢酸sec-ブチル、酢酸n-ペンチル、酢酸sec-ペンチル、酢酸3-メトキシブチル、酢酸メチルペンチル、酢酸2-エチルブチル、酢酸2-エチルヘキシル、酢酸2-(2-ブトキシエトキシ)エチル、酢酸ベンジル、酢酸シクロヘキシル、酢酸メチルシクロヘキシル、酢酸ノニル、アセト酢酸メチル、アセト酢酸エチル、酢酸ジエチレングリコールメチルエーテル、酢酸ジエチレングリコールエチルエーテル、酢酸ジプロピレングリコールメチルエーテル、酢酸ジプロピレングリコールエチルエーテル、ジ酢酸グリコール、酢酸メトキシトリグリコール、プロピオン酸エチル、プロピオン酸n-ブチル、プロピオン酸i-アミル、シュウ酸ジエチル、シュウ酸ジ-n-ブチル、乳酸メチル、乳酸エチル、乳酸n-ブチル、乳酸n-アミル、エチレングリコールメチルエーテルプロピオネート、エチレングリコールエチルエーテルプロピオネート、エチレングリコールメチルエーテルアセテート、エチレングリコールエチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールエチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールプロピルエーテルアセテート、γ-ブチロラクトン、γ-バレロラクトン等のエステル系溶剤;アセトニトリル、N-メチルピロリジノン、N-エチルピロリジノン、N-プロピルピロリジノン、N-ブチルピロリジノン、N-ヘキシルピロリジノン、N-シクロヘキシルピロリジノン、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド等の非プロトン性極性溶剤;メタノール、エタノール、n-プロパノール、i-プロパノール、n-ブタノール、i-ブタノール、sec-ブタノール、t-ブタノール、n-ペンタノール、i-ペンタノール、2-メチルブタノール、sec-ペンタノール、t-ペンタノール、3-メトキシブタノール、n-ヘキサノール、2-メチルペンタノール、sec-ヘキサノール、2-エチルブタノール、sec-ヘプタノール、n-オクタノール、2-エチルヘキサノール、sec-オクタノール、n-ノニルアルコール、n-デカノール、sec-ウンデシルアルコール、トリメチルノニルアルコール、sec-テトラデシルアルコール、sec-ヘプタデシルアルコール、フェノール、シクロヘキサノール、メチルシクロヘキサノール、ベンジルアルコール、エチレングリコール、1,2-プロピレングリコール、1,3-ブチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、トリプロピレングリコール等のアルコール系溶剤;エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノフェニルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノ-n-ブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノ-n-ヘキシルエーテル、エトキシトリグリコール、テトラエチレングリコールモノ-n-ブチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル等のグリコールモノエーテル系溶剤;α-テルピネン、α-テルピネオール、ミルセン、アロオシメン、リモネン、ジペンテン、α-ピネン、β-ピネン、ターピネオール、カルボン、オシメン、フェランドレン等のテルペン系溶剤;水が挙げられる。これらは1種類を単独で又は2種類以上を組み合わせて使用される。p型拡散層形成組成物とした場合、基板への塗布性の観点から、α-テルピネオール、ジエチレングリコールモノ-n-ブチルエーテル、酢酸2-(2-ブトキシエトキシ)エチルが好ましい。
p型拡散層形成組成物の粘度は、塗布性を考慮して、10mPa・s以上1000000mPa・s以下であることが好ましく、50mPa・s以上500000mPa・s以下であることがより好ましい。
尚、p型拡散層形成組成物におけるp型不純物濃度は、ガラス粉末の含有率、ガラス粉末に含まれるp型不純物の含有率等を適宜選択することで調整することができる。
まず、シリコン基板の表面にあるダメージ層を、酸性あるいははアルカリ性の溶液を用いてエッチングして除去する。
次に、シリコン基板の一方の表面に珪素の酸化物膜あるいは珪素の窒化物膜からなる保護膜を形成する。ここで、珪素の酸化物膜は、たとえばシランガスと酸素を用いた常圧CVD法により形成することができる。また、珪素の窒化物膜は、たとえば、シランガス、アンモニアガス及び窒素ガスを用いたプラズマCVD法により形成することができる。
続いて、シリコン基板をフッ酸に浸漬させることによって、保護膜をエッチング除去する。
本発明において、不純物濃度が高い電極形成領域の形状及び大きさは、構成される太陽電池の構造に応じて適宜選択することができる。形状としては例えば、ライン状等とすることができる。
前記電極形成領域には、第1のp型拡散層形成組成物のみが付与されていてもよいし、第1のp型拡散層形成組成物及び第2のp型拡散層形成組成物の両方が付与されていてもよい。
前記第1及び第2のp型拡散層形成組成物の付与量としては特に制限はない。例えば、ガラス粉末量として0.01g/m2~100g/m2とすることができ、0.1g/m2~10g/m2であることが好ましい。また第1のp型拡散層形成組成物の付与量に対する第2のp型拡散層形成組成物の付与量の比(第2のp型拡散層形成組成物/第1のp型拡散層形成組成物)は特に制限されず、形成されるp型拡散層が所望の不純物濃度となるように適宜選択することができる。
ここで、熱処理温度は800℃以上1100℃以下であることが好ましく、さらに850℃以上1100℃以下が好ましく、900℃以上1100℃以下がより好ましい。
例えば、受光面電極(表面電極)は、金属粒子及びガラス粒子を含む表面電極用金属ペーストを、前記電極形成領域上に所望の形状となるよう付与し、これを焼成処理することで高濃度のp型拡散層が形成された電極形成領域上に表面電極を形成することができる。
前記表面電極用金属ペーストとしては、例えば、当該技術分野で常用される銀ペースト等を用いることができる。
粒子形状が略球状で、平均粒径が1.5μm、軟化温度が約810℃のガラス粉末(B2O3、SiO2、CaO、MgO、BaOを主成分とし、それぞれ30%、40%、10%、10%、10%)、エチルセルロース、テルピネオールをそれぞれ20g、8g、72g混合してペースト化し、第1のp型拡散層形成組成物(組成物A)を調製した。また、粒子形状が略球状で、平均粒径が1.5μm、軟化温度が約810℃のガラス粉末(B2O3、SiO2、CaO、MgO、BaOを主成分とし、それぞれ30%、40%、10%、10%、10%)、エチルセルロース、テルピネオールをそれぞれ5g、6g、89g混合してペースト化し、第2のp型拡散層形成組成物(組成物B)を調製した。
上記で得られたp型拡散層が形成されたシリコン基板を用い、常法により、表面に反射防止膜を、電極形成領域に表面電極を、裏面に裏面電極をそれぞれ形成して、太陽電池セルを作製した。得られた太陽電池セルは、高濃度のp型拡散層が形成された電極形成領域(選択エミッタ)を有しない太陽電池セルに比べて、良好な光変換特性を示した。
Claims (3)
- 半導体基板の一方の面上の部分領域に、p型不純物を含むガラス粉末及び分散媒を含有する第1のp型拡散層形成組成物を付与する工程と、
前記半導体基板の前記第1のp型拡散層形成組成物が付与される面上であって、少なくとも前記部分領域以外の領域に、p型不純物を含むガラス粉末及び分散媒を含有し、前記第1のp型拡散層形成組成物よりもp型不純物濃度が低い第2のp型拡散層形成組成物を付与する工程と、
前記第1のp型拡散層形成組成物及び第2のp型拡散層形成組成物が付与された半導体基板を熱処理してp型拡散層を形成する工程と、
前記部分領域上に電極を形成する工程と、
を有する太陽電池の製造方法。 - 前記p型不純物は、B(ホウ素)、Al(アルミニウム)及びGa(ガリウム)から選択される少なくとも1種の元素を含む請求項1に記載の太陽電池の製造方法。
- 前記p型不純物を含むガラス粉末は、B2O3、Al2O3及びGa2O3から選択される少なくとも1種のp型不純物含有物質と、
SiO2、K2O、Na2O、Li2O、BaO、SrO、CaO、MgO、BeO、ZnO、PbO、CdO、V2O5、SnO、ZrO2、TiO2、及びMoO3から選択される少なくとも1種のガラス成分物質と、
を含有する請求項1または請求項2に記載の太陽電池の製造方法。
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JP2012544263A JP6203496B2 (ja) | 2010-11-17 | 2011-11-15 | 太陽電池の製造方法 |
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JP6472936B1 (ja) * | 2018-02-02 | 2019-02-20 | 新電元工業株式会社 | 半導体不純物液体ソース、半導体不純物液体ソースの製造方法および半導体装置の製造方法 |
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