WO2012066107A9 - Procédé de détermination d'états de fonctionnement d'une éolienne - Google Patents

Procédé de détermination d'états de fonctionnement d'une éolienne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012066107A9
WO2012066107A9 PCT/EP2011/070411 EP2011070411W WO2012066107A9 WO 2012066107 A9 WO2012066107 A9 WO 2012066107A9 EP 2011070411 W EP2011070411 W EP 2011070411W WO 2012066107 A9 WO2012066107 A9 WO 2012066107A9
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wind turbine
rotor
blade
rotor blade
current
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/070411
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2012066107A3 (fr
WO2012066107A4 (fr
WO2012066107A2 (fr
Inventor
Michael Schulz
Ingo Ibendorf
Original Assignee
Suzlon Energy Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Suzlon Energy Gmbh filed Critical Suzlon Energy Gmbh
Publication of WO2012066107A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012066107A2/fr
Publication of WO2012066107A9 publication Critical patent/WO2012066107A9/fr
Publication of WO2012066107A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012066107A3/fr
Publication of WO2012066107A4 publication Critical patent/WO2012066107A4/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/79—Bearing, support or actuation arrangements therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/80—Diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/60—Control system actuates through
    • F05B2270/602—Control system actuates through electrical actuators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus and a method for determining and monitoring operating states of a rotor of a wind turbine or of a single rotor blade of a wind turbine.
  • operating states which are determined or monitored according to the invention, on the one hand to understand important operating parameters, such as the rotor speed or the wind speed and the detection of dangerous gusts of wind.
  • important operating parameters such as the rotor speed or the wind speed and the detection of dangerous gusts of wind.
  • operating states in the context of the invention also other states to understand, such as the static integrity of the rotor blades, the presence of an imbalance relative to the rotor blades, the presence of icing on a rotor blade or the detection of a sheet bearing with increased friction due a clamping leaf bearing.
  • rotor speed detection in a wind turbine is sensor-assisted on the slow shaft (transmission input shaft).
  • the signal evaluation takes place by means of a transmitter relay (eg FR1) or SPS (turbine control) and is used for rotor overspeed detection.
  • FR1 transmitter relay
  • SPS turbine control
  • a disadvantage of this method is that the detection and evaluation of the rotor speed must be outside the rotor. With a simultaneous loss of Communication with the pitch system and the overspeed that exists may cause the system to stop responding to the system's hazardous condition.
  • sensors such as acceleration sensors, are necessary to detect damage, cracks, etc. in the rotor blades.
  • a disadvantage of the prior art solutions is that a plurality of sensors is necessary to detect the individual operating conditions. Also, the signals of these sensors usually have to be forwarded to a central control unit, which is often arranged in the nacelle of a wind turbine. This can lead to transmission errors due to the signal transmission between fixed and moving parts.
  • the aim of the invention is therefore to reduce the mentioned problems of the prior art and at the same time to reduce the costs for the determination and monitoring of the operating conditions. According to the invention, this object is achieved by determining and monitoring the operating states with the aid of an evaluation and analysis of the motor current of one or more pitch-adjusting motors.
  • the blade displacement motors of wind turbines serve on the one hand to adjust the blade angle so that the most effective angle of attack is driven in the operating state.
  • the blade pitch motors are used also to keep the blade angle set at a certain time constant, so that the rotor blades do not turn unintentionally in the direction of the flag position.
  • the drive described here can be implemented with AC motors with inverters and also with DC motors and converters. Surprisingly, it has been shown that the blade moment is dependent on the angle of rotation of the rotor blade.
  • the leaf moment is the moment acting on each rotor blade and causing a change in the blade pitch without a torque applied by the blade timing motor in the opposite direction. Accordingly, the moment of the blade adjustment motor and thus also the motor current are dependent on the angle of rotation. This has the consequence that, in accordance with the periodically changing to the angle of rotation leaf torque and the necessary holding torque by the Blattverstellmotor and thus the motor current changes periodically and largely proportional to the rotation angle.
  • the method according to the invention is therefore characterized in that operating states, such as the rotor speed, are determined or monitored by means of an analysis of the varying motor current of one or more blade pitch motors.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that a control unit connected to at least one pitch motor is designed to determine an operating state, such as the rotor speed, with the aid of the motor current of at least one pitch motor.
  • the crucial point of this invention is the direct detection of important operating conditions - such as rotor speed or rotor position by means of the motor current of at least one pitch motor, preferably directly in the rotor.
  • the advantage here is the achievable precision of the measurement in conjunction with the possible very short reaction time.
  • the evaluation is preferably carried out directly in the rotor.
  • the period of the motor current and thus the rotor speed are determined by means of a peak detecting method.
  • the rotor speed may then be used directly to control the wind turbine according to one embodiment.
  • numerous other methods for determining the rotor speed from the one or more motor currents of the pitch motors are possible and provided according to further embodiments, such as the period measurement, the frequency count, the zero point evaluation, etc.
  • the zero point detection is preferably combined with the gradient evaluation.
  • the period is determined by the determination of the saddle points in the vibration of the motor current.
  • the zero crossing of the motor current is used to determine the period duration.
  • the curves of at least two, and more preferably the curves of three pitch motors are used together to determine the rotor speed.
  • the currents of the individual motors are added (or subtracted) and from the resulting curve, the rotor speed is determined.
  • individual current waveforms can be compared in terms of their spectra or other functions for Comparison of the individual current curves can be applied. Other methods by means of phase shift and mean calculation are part of the invention.
  • comparison current profiles or comparison spectra are stored in a memory means, which are used for the evaluation or analysis of the real current waveforms or their spectra.
  • a critical change in the rotor speed of the wind turbine can already be determined within a period, in particular within a half-period.
  • a respective rotor blade has cracks or fractures. It has been found that cracks or breaks in the rotor blades cause the periodic course of the motor current to be superimposed by vibrations occurring during the opening and closing of a crack. These vibrations have a characteristic curvature or a characteristic frequency spectrum and can be analyzed from the motor current. Imbalance, icing on the rotor blades and occurring flow changes (for example, by the entry of a rotor blade in a wind shadow induced by the tower) lead to characteristic vibrations, which indicate according to the invention via an analysis of the motor current of the pitch motor to a specific operating condition.
  • each of these operating states shapes the periodic course of the motor currents of the blade timing motors in a very specific way.
  • the various operating states also characteristically occur in regions of particular angles of rotation, or tend to repeat themselves periodically in a characteristic pattern.
  • the strength of the changes produced by the different operating states of the motor currents or currents is characteristic, and thus they can be determined by means of defined threshold values.
  • a blade displacement motor when maximum currents occur which vary from the average of the maximum currents of the other two pitch motors by a predetermined factor, an embodiment indicates that a faulty operating condition exists.
  • the current of a first pitch motor [(of a first rotor blade) is measured
  • the frequency spectrum of the pitch motor of the rotor blade to be examined is compared with the frequency spectrums of the currents of the blade pitch motors of the other two rotor blades. If one or more frequencies of the spectrum are out of the way of the other two rotor blades and exceeds a limit value, it is possible to conclude the presence of cracks or fractures in a rotor blade.
  • the current of a pitch motor is integrated over a predetermined period of time according to a further embodiment and that in such a time interval in which we adjusted the angle of attack of the rotor blade. If the value of this integral is above the integral values of the other two pitch motors plus a predetermined tolerance value in the same time period, then a damaged blade bearing can be assumed and an alarm signal is preferably triggered or forwarded.
  • a pitch motor of a rotor blade ⁇ (t) is measured over the course of time. Over this time interval, the integral is then formed. In a next step, this integral is compared with a value stored in a database, which corresponds to the integral of the motor current of the same rotor blade over the same time interval, and was detected during a period in which the bearing was known to be fully functional. If the difference between these two integrals lies above a predetermined limit or tolerance value, it is assumed that the bearing is defective and may require repair or replacement. For this reason, when the said limit value is exceeded, preferably damage-limiting actions such as shutting down the wind turbine are triggered and / or an alarm signal is triggered.
  • the device comprises a control unit, which is connected to one, preferably to two, and particularly preferably to three pitch motors, and which is designed to detect and monitor the presence of specific operating states using the method steps described above.
  • the control unit is preferably arranged in the hub or in the rotor).
  • the control unit is arranged in the nacelle.
  • said control unit which is designed to determine operating conditions by analyzing the motor current of at least one pitch motor, is part of a safety system which, when an undesired operating condition is detected, acts on the blade pitch motors and / or on a separate pitch system the wind turbine is returned to a safe operating condition or braked according to another embodiment.
  • control unit is arranged in the hub and not or only part of a safety system, but directly designed to act on the blade displacement motors such that the wind turbine can be maintained in the operating state at a desired optimum operating point.
  • a rotor position-optimized pitch control of the leaves takes place.
  • control unit is also connected to a database, in which the curves obtained during a test run of the individual blade pitch motors are stored at different speeds. This makes it possible for the control unit to conclude by comparing the currently measured current waveforms with the stored values to a specific operating state or to determine a faulty operating state. In the Database can also be characteristic curves of other systems stored.
  • FIG. 1 shows the engine currents of the three blade pitch motors of a wind turbine over time.
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ and A g it) are the first three curves ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ and A g it).
  • FIG. 2 shows the method steps performed by the control unit for determining the position of a rotor blade of a wind turbine:
  • Blade adjustment motors formed function which determines zero points. By means of the combination between zero points of the formed function and the information as to whether the derivative of the said function after time at a zero point is greater or less than zero, one can exactly determine the position of a single sheet, namely either the sheet is moving at that moment past the tower or pointing vertically upwards, depending on whether the derivative is greater or less than 0 at this point.
  • FIG. 3 shows a first method sequence for determining a state of a rotational speed, which leads to the shutdown of a wind turbine. In the process, the currents of the three blade pitch motors of a wind turbine are first of all again
  • a l (t), A 2 (t) and A 3 (t) are measured.
  • the currents are subtracted over time according to the formula [A l ⁇ t) - A 2 ⁇ t) - A ⁇ it)), and the derivative thereof is formed from the currents of the three pitch motors
  • FIG. 4 shows a second method sequence for determining a state of an overspeed, which leads to the shutdown of a wind turbine.
  • This process sequence shown in FIG. 4 has the advantage that an overspeed is possible even before the maximum value of the derivative of the function formed by the currents of the blade displacement motors has been reached.
  • the currents of the pitch motors are measured and the zero crossings of the function formed by the individual currents are determined and provided with a pointer.
  • the derivatives of the function formed by the currents of the blade pitch motors which are formed at approximately 100 points within one half-cycle, are buffered in a memory. In a next half-period, the derivatives are again formed at about 100 points and with the one Half-period ago values compared in terms of amount.
  • FIG. 5 shows a method sequence in which the condition of the bearings, that is to say the occurrence of bearing problems, is monitored.
  • the integrals of the individual pitch control motors are measured over a period of time by performing at least one pitch adjustment. Preferably, however, a larger period is selected.
  • the integral values of the individual currents of the pitch motors are compared with the average of the integrals of the other two pitch motors. If the value of an integral of a pitch servo motor is above the average value of the integral of the other two pitch motors plus a tolerance value, then bearing damage is assumed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de détermination du régime du rotor d'une éolienne et/ou de surveillance de l'état d'une pale de rotor d'une éolienne. Ledit procédé comprend entre autres l'étape suivante consistant à mesurer le courant au moins d'un moteur à variation de pas d'une éolienne sur une période prédéfinie. Le procédé est caractérisé en ce que le régime du rotor est déterminé par la constatation de la période de la vibration du courant de moteur, la position du rotor est déterminée par l'évaluation du point de référence et l'évaluation du gradient et/ou l'état de la pale de rotor est surveillé à l'aide d'une analyse du temps ou de la fréquence du courant de moteur au moins d'un moteur à variation de pas.
PCT/EP2011/070411 2010-11-17 2011-11-17 Procédé de détermination d'états de fonctionnement d'une éolienne WO2012066107A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010044083 2010-11-17
DE102010044083.3 2010-11-17

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012066107A2 WO2012066107A2 (fr) 2012-05-24
WO2012066107A9 true WO2012066107A9 (fr) 2012-07-12
WO2012066107A3 WO2012066107A3 (fr) 2012-08-30
WO2012066107A4 WO2012066107A4 (fr) 2012-11-08

Family

ID=44983564

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2011/070411 WO2012066107A2 (fr) 2010-11-17 2011-11-17 Procédé de détermination d'états de fonctionnement d'une éolienne

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DE (1) DE102011086608A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012066107A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2012388403B2 (en) * 2012-09-20 2015-09-10 Korea Electric Power Corporation Apparatus for monitoring wind turbine blade and method thereof
DE102012020054A1 (de) 2012-10-12 2014-04-17 Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Verfahren zum Einstellen eines Pitch-Winkels von Rotorblättern
US10371123B2 (en) * 2013-08-19 2019-08-06 General Electric Company Methods and systems for detecting wind turbine rotor blade damage
US10273940B2 (en) 2016-05-12 2019-04-30 General Electric Company System and method for detecting pitch bearing damage in a wind turbine
CN106523299B (zh) * 2016-12-13 2019-01-04 浙江运达风电股份有限公司 基于定子电流数据驱动的双馈风电机组桨叶不平衡检测方法
US11473564B2 (en) 2018-01-18 2022-10-18 General Electric Company System and method for monitoring a wind turbine pitch bearing
CN109958585B (zh) * 2019-03-22 2020-05-22 明阳智慧能源集团股份公司 一种风力发电机组基于风轮转速检测的超速保护方法
EP4077928A1 (fr) * 2019-12-17 2022-10-26 General Electric Company Système et procédé de surveillance de la santé d'une pale de rotor d'une éolienne
EP4143433A1 (fr) 2020-04-30 2023-03-08 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Surveillance basée sur un contenu en fréquence d'un système de pas de pale d'éolienne

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE602005010539D1 (de) * 2004-12-28 2008-12-04 Fanuc Ltd Bestimmung eines Schwellwertes für ein Gerät zur Schadenserkennung auf einem Werkzeug
GB2448940B (en) * 2007-05-04 2009-10-14 Insensys Ltd Wind turbine monitoring
KR20100126265A (ko) * 2007-11-01 2010-12-01 윈두런스 엘엘씨 터빈 날개 제어 시스템 및 방법
DE102009005516A1 (de) * 2009-01-20 2010-07-22 Repower Systems Ag Motorbelastungsreduktion bei einer Windenenergieanlage
DE102009025819A1 (de) * 2009-05-17 2010-11-25 Ssb Wind Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zum Überprüfen eines elektrischen Energiespeichers
US8177505B2 (en) * 2010-04-22 2012-05-15 General Electric Company Method for measuring a rotational position of a rotor blade of a wind turbine and measuring device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2012066107A3 (fr) 2012-08-30
DE102011086608A1 (de) 2012-07-12
WO2012066107A4 (fr) 2012-11-08
WO2012066107A2 (fr) 2012-05-24

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