WO2012059492A1

WO2012059492A1 - Use of alkanolamines based on propylene oxide as additives in lubricants

Info

Publication number: WO2012059492A1
Application number: PCT/EP2011/069197
Authority: WO
Inventors: Norbert Gutfrucht; Frank Hettche
Original assignee: Basf Se
Priority date: 2010-11-04
Filing date: 2011-11-02
Publication date: 2012-05-10

Abstract

Lubricants characterized in that they comprise an alkanolamine of the formula (I), of the formula (II), of the formula (III), of the formula (IV), or a mixture of alkanolamines selected from alkanolamines of the formulae (I) to (IV), where R¹, R², R³, R^1', R^2' and R^3' independently of one another are an H atom or a C1 to C4 alkyl group and R⁴ is a C1 to C16 alkyl group.

Description

Use of alkanolamines based on propylene oxide as additives in lubricants

description

The present application includes by reference the provisional US application 61/410000 filed on Nov. 4, 2010.

The invention relates to lubricants, which are characterized in that they are an alkanolamine of the formula I.

of formula II

of formula III

of formula IV

or a mixture of alkanolamines which are selected from alkanolamines of the formulas I to IV, where R 1, R 2, R 3, R 1 ', R 2' and R 3 'are each independently an H atom or a C 1 to C 4 alkyl group, and R ^{4 is} a C1 to C16 alkyl group.

Lubricants, in particular so-called cooling lubricants (also called cooling lubricants), are used in manufacturing technology to reduce friction and simultaneous heat dissipation. In machine tools, lubricants are used to produce as many high quality workpieces as possible.

Lubricants, in particular cooling lubricants, contain natural or synthetic or modified mineral oils as an essential component. Often, aqueous lubricants are used. These are, for example, aqueous solutions of polar synthetic or correspondingly polar modified natural mineral oils or also aqueous emulsions in which the mineral oil is emulsified with the aid of a surface-active compound. With aqueous lubricants, it can come to an attack with organic germs, such as fungi or bacteria. To counteract this, biocides are added. WO 2005/055720 discloses that special alkylethanolamines can additionally inhibit bacterial growth. DE-A 10 2008 043 580 describes alkanolamines, which can be used as additives to lubricants, have a biocide-supporting action, regulate the pH and improve the emulsification of the mineral oil in aqueous lubricants.

What is desired are alternative additives for lubricants with which the above effects are fulfilled to the greatest possible extent with the least possible additional amount.

Object of the present invention were therefore lubricants which have good performance properties and to contain as few and simple additives must. In addition, the additives should be as easy to prepare as possible and possibly toxicologically as safe as possible.

Accordingly, the initially defined lubricants were found.

The lubricants according to the invention contain an alkanolamine of the formula I above

of formula II

of formula III

of formula IV

or a mixture of alkanolamines which are selected from alkanolamines of the formulas I to IV.

Preferably, R4 is a C1 to C8 alkyl group, in particular a C1 to C4 alkyl group, and particularly preferably a methyl group or ethyl group.

In a preferred embodiment, R1 is identical to R1 ', R2 to R2' and R3 to R3 '. This is in particular due to the method of preparation described below. In particular, R1 and R1 'are an H atom.

In a preferred embodiment, R 1 and R 1 'are an H atom and at least one of R 2 or R 3 and at least one of R 2' or R 3 'is an H atom. In a particularly preferred embodiment, R 1, R 2, R 3, R 1 ', R 2' and R 3 'are each an H atom.

In a preferred embodiment, it is an alkanolamine of the formula I or II, very particularly preferably an alkanolamine of the formula I.

In a further embodiment, it is a mixture of alkanolamines which are selected from alkanolamines of the formulas I to IV.

Such a mixture may e.g. contain different alkanolamines of the formula I or consist exclusively of different alkanolamines of the formula I. The same applies to alkanolamines of the formulas II to IV.

Preferably, the mixture contains alkanolamines of different formulas I to IV; In particular, mixtures are suitable which contain alkanolamines of the formula I.

In addition to an alkanolamine of the formula I, the mixture also contains, in particular, an alkanolamine of the formula II and, if appropriate, alkanolamines of the formula III and IV.

Particular preference is given to a mixture which consists of more than 60% by weight, in particular more than 80% by weight, of an alkanolamine of the formula I. Preferred alkanonolamines of the formula I are alkanolamines of the formula Ia:

Preferred alkanolamines of the formula II are alkanolamines of the formula IIa:

In formulas Ia and IIa, R4 has the above meaning.

Accordingly, a mixture comprising alkanolamines of the formula Ia and alkanolamines of the formula IIa is very particularly preferred as a mixture of alkanolamines. In particular, R ^{4 is} identical in formulas Ia and IIa.

Particularly suitable are mixtures which contain from 50 to 99% by weight, in particular from 80 to 99% by weight, of an alkanolamine of the formula I, in particular of the formula Ia, and correspondingly to 1 to 50% by weight, in particular to 1 to 20 wt .-% of an alkanolamine of the formula II, in particular of the formula IIa, and to 0 to 10 wt.% Of alkanolamines of the formulas III and IV, wherein the percentages by weight based on the total by weight of the alkanolamines of the formulas I to IV are.

The preparation of the above alkanolamines can be carried out by conventional methods. The alkanolamines can be prepared in particular by a two-stage addition of primary amines of the formula H 2 N-R ⁴ to propylene oxide or propylene oxide derivatives.

In the 1. Step, the primary amine can add to the R ² , R ³ substituted C atom of Propyleno xids or propylene oxide derivative according to the following schematic representation:

Alternatively, the primary amine can add to the CH3 substituted C atom to give the following structural isomeric addition product.

The product of the 1. Step is therefore generally a mixture of these two addition products.

In the second stage, the secondary amine obtained adds again to a propylene oxide or propylene oxide derivative; in the schematic diagram below, this is shown only by the example of one of the two addition products obtained in the 1st stage:

This can in turn give rise to a mixture of two addition products, depending on which C atom of the epoxide group has added to the secondary amine.

Starting from both addition products of the 1. Step can also be obtained as a mixture of alkanolamines of the formulas I to IV.

The resulting mixture can be used according to the invention as described above. However, it is also possible to separate a single desired alkanolamine from the mixture and to use it appropriately in lubricants.

The lubricants preferably contain the alkanolamine or mixture of alkanolamines in an amount of from 0.05 to 30% by weight, more preferably from 0.1 to 20% by weight and most preferably from 0.5 to 10% by weight. based on the total amount of the lubricant.

The alkanolamines can be added to the lubricant at any time prior to or during use in any manner. The alkanolamines can directly Lubricant, which already contains all other ingredients added; but they can also be mixed in advance with other ingredients of the lubricant and then combined in this form with the remaining components of the lubricant. In one embodiment, in aqueous lubricants (see below) first so-called lubricant concentrates are prepared that are compositions that already contain the components of the lubricant except for the water, the latter is then added before use the lubricant concentrates in the amount that for the particular use desired distribution of the lubricant in the device in which the lubricant is used results.

Based on the lubricant concentrate in the case of aqueous lubricants, the total amount of the alkanolamines used in the invention is preferably at least 2 wt .-%, most preferably at least 5 wt .-%, based on the lubricant concentrate; The maximum amount is preferably 30% by weight, in particular 20% by weight, likewise based on the lubricant concentrate.

The lubricants preferably contain a natural or synthetic lubricating component as an essential ingredient. Natural lubricating components are e.g. Mineral oils, i. Oils obtained by distillation from lignite, coal, peat, wood or, in particular, petroleum. They contain in particular saturated hydrocarbons.

Synthetic lubricating components are e.g. Oils made from suitable raw materials or by chemical modification of natural mineral oils (e.g., so-called ester oils).

Other types of lubricating components that can be used in the lubricants of the invention are known to those skilled in the art.

The lubricants are generally liquid under the conditions of use (pressure, temperature). Preferably, they are liquid at 21 ° C, 1 bar.

A distinction is made between non-aqueous and aqueous lubricants. In the context of this invention, aqueous lubricants are preferred.

The aqueous lubricants may be aqueous solutions of correspondingly polar mineral oils, for example synthetic, polymeric alcohols. The aqueous lubricants may also be emulsions of natural or synthetic mineral oils in water. Aqueous lubricants may be marketed in the form of the solution or emulsion; However, it is also possible that the solution or dispersion is prepared from the starting materials only shortly before the subsequent use. The lubricants according to the invention are preferably aqueous

Lubricants, in particular aqueous solutions of mineral oils and particularly preferably aqueous emulsions of mineral oils.

Depending on the requirements, the lubricants according to the invention may contain further additives. Additives for controlling viscosity, additives for reducing corrosion, additives for reducing foaming, additives for reducing friction, biocides or other additives for improving the performance properties, in particular the lubrication and heat dissipation. This may mean that in addition to the alkanolamine or alkanolamine mixtures according to the invention of the formula I nis IV or mixtures thereof, other amines are part of the corresponding lubricants or lubricant concentrates and the latter in their effectiveness by an alkanolamine of the formula I to IV or a mixture of these Alkanolamines are amplified.

In the aqueous emulsions, the mineral oil may be self-emulsifying, i. it is chemically modified so that an emulsion forms in water without further additives. Preferably, however, the emulsions contain a surface-active compound which causes or contributes to the emulsification of the mineral oil. Suitable for this purpose are customary emulsifiers and / or protective colloids.

The lubricants according to the invention are in particular cooling lubricants; The latter not only provide good lubrication but also provide good heat removal, e.g. during the processing or production of workpieces in machine tools.

The lubricants or cooling lubricants according to the invention can be used in any areas of production technology. They are suitable for machine tools of all kinds. They have special significance, for example. in the industrial production of parts of tools or machines and in particular of driving and aircraft components. Here, the use of the lubricant according to the invention in the production of light metal components, for example. Of magnesium and aluminum is particularly preferred.

Another area of application for the lubricants or coolants according to the invention is given when used in promotion measures of all kinds (mining, oil extraction of all kinds). Here, for example, by adding the lubricant according to the invention, the functionality and life of the boring machine is extended. In addition, the lubricants or cooling lubricants according to the invention can be used in transmissions or turbines, for example also vehicle transmissions or transmissions of wind turbines.

Alkanolamines of the formula I to IV, or mixtures thereof, regulate the pH and bring about corrosion protection.

It is an advantage of the lubricants according to the invention that the alkanolamines additionally contribute to the emulsification of the mineral oil, so that optionally even further surface-active compounds are dispensed with.

In addition, the alkanolamines of formulas I to IV and their mixtures, respectively, promoted the action of the biocide component, and thereby enhanced efficacy against bacteria, e.g. the mycobacterium, or fungi.

Claims

claims

1 . Lubricant, characterized in that it is an alkanolamine of the formula I.

of formula II

of formula III

of formula IV

Lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that R4 is a C1 to C4 alkyl group.

Lubricant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that R ¹ with R ^{1 '} , R ² with R ^2' and R ³ with R ^{3 'are} identical.

Lubricant according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that R1, R2, R3, R1 ', R2' and R3 'are each an H atom.

5. Lubricant according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is a mixture of alkanolamines containing alkanolamines of the formula I and II.

6. A lubricant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is a mixture of alkanolamines, which consists of at least 80 wt.% Of an alkanolamine of the formula I.

7. A lubricant according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that they contain the alkanolamine or the mixture of alkanolamines in amounts of 0.05 to 30 wt.%.

8. Lubricant according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that they are aqueous lubricants.

9. Lubricant according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it is aqueous solutions or emulsions.

10. A lubricant according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it is aqueous solutions or emulsions of synthetic or non-synthetic

Mineral oils are traded.

1 1. A lubricant according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it further additives selected from additives for adjusting the viscosity, additives to reduce corrosion, additives to reduce foaming, additives to reduce friction, biocides and optionally contain other additives to improve the performance properties.

12. Lubricant according to one of claims 1 to 1 1, characterized in that it is cooling lubricant.

13. Use of lubricants according to one of claims 1 to 11 as a lubricant in the manufacture of components or in conveying activities.

14. Use of lubricants according to one of claims 1 to 11 in transmissions or turbines.