WO2012051732A2

WO2012051732A2 - Hybrid collector

Info

Publication number: WO2012051732A2
Application number: PCT/CH2011/000250
Authority: WO
Inventors: Max Roth
Original assignee: Max Roth
Priority date: 2010-10-21
Filing date: 2011-10-21
Publication date: 2012-04-26
Also published as: CH706073B1; WO2012051732A3; CH704024A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a hybrid collector having a photovoltaic element 53 and a heat exchanger 11. The heat exchanger has a throughflow chamber for a heat carrier medium, wherein the throughflow chamber has an inflow side and an outflow side. The throughflow chamber is connected, along the outflow side, to a pipe 21 via a connection region, wherein the connection region is formed by one or more orifices. The flow direction, defined by the throughflow chamber, of the heat carrier medium at the location of the connection region, and the plane tangential to the pipe at the location of the connection region, are arranged at an angle of less than 75° with respect to one another.

Description

Hybrid collector

Technical area

The invention relates to a hybrid collector with a photovoltaic element or module and a specially designed heat exchanger.

State of the art

Hybrid collectors are for example from DE 10 2008 028489 AI, the

DE 101 02 918 AI or DE 200 10880 Ul known. These have one

Photovoltaic element and on the back of a heat exchanger for

Removal of the resulting heat. However, the design of known collectors is usually not very space-saving and / or inexpensive. In addition, their efficiency and sometimes also their durability represent a problem.

Furthermore, purely thermal collectors are known, due to their

However, in design, generally speaking, are not readily adapted to be combined with photovoltaic elements. These include, inter alia, those mentioned in US 4,114,597 or CA 1,120,807. From the European patent EP 1 204495 Bl is also a flatter

Heat exchanger with two interconnected walls and between a flow space for a heat transport medium known, which - as it turned out - is well suited for a combination with a photovoltaic element. In this context, the publications are also

WO 0169688 AI and WO 0169689 AI called. The walls of the

Heat exchanger are interlocked in the area between the edges of the heat exchanger at a plurality of joints by deformation. The supply and discharge of the heat transfer medium takes place via laterally attached to the inflow side and the outflow side of the heat exchanger tubes. The described heat exchanger has the disadvantage that the pressure loss between inflow side and outflow side is relatively large.

confirmation copy Accordingly, the number of heat exchangers which can be connected in series is limited.

On abe of the invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a hybrid collector in which the pressure loss between the inflow side and the outflow side of the heat exchanger is as small as possible. In addition, the shape of the heat exchanger should allow a compact design of the hybrid collector. Further advantages and objects of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.

Presentation of the invention

The above object is achieved according to the invention by a hybrid collector according to claim 1. In particular, it is a

Hybrid collector with a photovoltaic element and a heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger has a flow space for a

Heat transfer medium (especially water) has and the

Flow space has an inflow and an outflow side. The flow-through space is connected to a pipe along the outflow side via a connection region. The connection area is formed by one or more openings. The flow direction of the heat transfer medium defined by the throughflow space at the location of the connection region and the tangential plane to the pipe at the location of the connection region are arranged at an angle of less than 75 °, preferably less than 60 ° and in particular less than 45 ° to each other. Preferably, the

Throughflow space and / or a plane defined by the flow space arranged at said angle to said tangent plane.

It has been found that by a substantially tangential entry of the heat transfer medium into the tube, a substantial reduction of the

Pressure loss between inflow and outflow can be achieved. Without wishing to be bound by any mechanism, it is believed that this measure would provide a more even, if necessary

spiral flow in the tube results. The advantages of the heat exchanger according to the invention are particularly evident when used in combination with a photovoltaic element. The heat exchanger makes it possible to keep the temperature of the photovoltaic element at the level at which the photovoltaic element has the highest efficiency. However, with the inventive heat exchanger not only an optimization of the energy production of a

Photovoltaic element can be achieved. The heat exchanger is also particularly suitable for the production of thermal energy.

A photovoltaic element preferably comprises at least one layer of photovoltaic cells or solar cells (photovoltaic layer). Advantageously, a photovoltaic element additionally comprises a support (in particular a transparent support, such as a glass plate) on which said solar cells are arranged. Embodiments of the heat exchanger will be described below, wherein the said preferred features - insofar as they do not exclude - in any combination can be realized.

Terms in this document should preferably be understood as one of ordinary skill in the art would understand. In particular, in the event of ambiguity, the definitions of terms used in this document are preferred as an alternative.

According to a preferred embodiment variant of the flow-through space is shaped so that the heat transfer medium flows through this in the form of a film. The flow-through space and / or the heat exchanger can be designed plate-shaped for this purpose.

Particularly preferably, the flow-through space is formed by a first and a second wall, which are arranged opposite one another. The distance between the first and the second wall is preferably smaller than the radius of the tube and is preferably between 0.5 and 10 mm,

in particular between 1 and 5 mm and more preferably between 1.5 and 3.5 mm. This preferably applies to at least 40%, 60% or 70% of the area of the first and / or second wall. Preferably, the distance between the first and the second wall in the region of the

Durchströmungsraums to understand and / or the distance of those parts of the first and second wall, which form the flow space. One or both walls are advantageously made of metal, in particular copper. In principle, plastic can also be used (cost advantage); However, metal offers better thermal conductivity and improved pressure resistance, thus ensuring low deformation. The walls are therefore preferably made of copper sheets, which advantageously have a thickness of 0.2 mm to 1 mm and in particular from 0.3 mm to 0.8 mm or 0.5 mm to 0.7 mm. This material thickness ensures sufficient pressure resistance, whereby lower pressures and thus a reduced material thickness can be used due to the reduced pressure loss. It will be understood that the walls consist of two separate sheets or e.g. a folded sheet can be formed.

The said walls are (in particular in the region of the flow-through space) preferably arranged parallel or substantially parallel to each other and / or they have at least 40% or at least 60% or at least 70% of their area the same or constant distance from each other. It is conceivable to make the walls curved, but a parallel arrangement is preferred, in particular in connection with the application in hybrid collectors, as described below.

The connection region preferably runs along the tube and / or parallel to the tube axis. It can extend over at least 40%, 60% or 80% of the length of the outflow side. It may be formed from a single opening or consist of a plurality of openings, the latter being advantageously arranged in a row and / or on a straight line. This information applies with advantage also for the connection area mentioned below on the inflow side.

The connection area is located at the transition between the flow-through space and the pipe. The flow direction at the location of the connection region is preferably the flow direction of the material emerging from the flow-through space

Heat transfer medium and / or it is below a flow direction parallel or substantially parallel to the first and / or second wall of the

Heat exchanger to understand. The tangent planes to the pipe at the location of the connection region extend through the connection region, i. the open area between flow area and pipe. This is particularly preferably the plane which passes through the points where the

Durchströmungsraum on the pipe meets (or merges into the pipe) or that tangential plane which is arranged parallel to such a plane.

The defined by the flow space flow direction of the

Heat transfer medium at the location of the connection region preferably extends at an angle of at least 30 °, 45 °, 60 ° or 70 ° to a plane containing on the one hand the tube axis and on the other hand contains a straight line which intersects said pipe axis and the connection area. The tube is preferably open at the ends and against the

Through-flow space provided with one or more openings. The first and second walls are preferably interlocked at a plurality of locations across the walls by deformation. Preferably, the deformations are evenly distributed and / or arranged in rows and / or in a grid. It may also be preferred if the deformations are offset with respect to the flow direction.

The distance between adjacent deformations of a wall is preferably 10 to 50 mm or 20 to 30 mm. The number of joints is preferably at least 20, 40 or 60.

Advantageously, the deformations extend out of the plane of a wall, thereby enlarging its cross section or its outer diameter. The opposite wall has with said deformations positively cooperating deformations. Preferably, these latter deformations extend out of the plane of the wall, thereby reducing its internal cross-section, or its inner diameter. So they can record the deformed parts of the other wall positively. They are preferably deformations which counteract the separation or the widening of the distance of the first and the second wall by positive locking and preferably also prevent them from shifting relative to one another (for example parallel to the wall surfaces). The configuration of the deformations preferably corresponds to that described in EP 1 204 495 B1. As a result, a high pressure resistance and tightness can be achieved.

The connections or deformations are preferably round, oval or polygonal. Furthermore, it may be desirable to design the deformations streamlined. The flow-through space is preferably at the between the

Inlet side and the outflow side extending sides closed

educated. The closure can be done for example by welding. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the flow-through a

forms a continuous cavity, which extends in the flow direction from the inflow side to the outflow side and transversely to the flow direction to the closed sides. Alternatively, the flow-through space may be formed of a plurality of chambers, which are preferably adjacent to one another

(Preferably parallel) from the inflow side to the outflow side.

However, particularly preferred is the above variant, wherein the

Flow space forms a cavity. As a result, a very uniform temperature in the photovoltaic element is achieved when used in hybrid collectors.

The first and second walls are preferably connected to the tube

(For example, by welding), wherein the upper wall (first wall) is preferably tangential or substantially tangential to the pipe or tangent to the pipe at the point of contact. In addition to the desired guidance of the heat transfer medium, this construction has the advantage that e.g. a photovoltaic element need not be placed between the tubes since the tubes do not project beyond the contact surface (i.e., e.g., first wall) of the heat exchanger with the photovoltaic element. The tube can thus represent an independent part which is connected to the walls and (in order to establish a flow connection with the

Durchströmungsraum) is provided with one or more openings that form the connection area. Alternatively, the tube is advantageously formed from the first and / or the second wall. The tube may consist wholly or partly of the first and / or second wall. For this purpose, the ends the walls on the outflow side be formed so that they form the pipe or a part of the tube (eg trough-shaped in shape or pressed).

In this case, the connection region is preferably formed by a through opening extending over at least 50%, 60% or 70% of the length of the outflow side. This opening between the flow-through space and the pipe results automatically when the first and / or second wall passes directly into the tubular body. To form a tube, the first and second walls are preferably connected along the tube body (preferably parallel to the tube axis); e.g. over a weld. In this case, it is particularly advantageous if the first and the second wall form a projection on the pipe along the pipe body. The supernatant is preferably arranged opposite the connection region. He is preferably formed by parallel portions of the walls, which are in each other

Standing in contact. Moreover, it is advantageous if the supernatant projects at right angles or substantially at right angles from the tube.

The open end faces of the tube (or pipe part) formed by the first and / or second wall are preferably connected (in particular coaxially) to a pipe piece (for example by welding). In this case, the pipe is partially formed by the pipe pieces and partly by the first and / or second wall. The tube advantageously has a diameter of more than 12, 14 or 16 mm and preferably less than 40, 35 or 30 mm. Particularly preferred are 18 to 22 mm. It is preferred if the tube has no or substantially no corners and / or edges in the interior of the cross-section (if appropriate with the exception of the location of the connection region or the junction of the walls). It has proven to be advantageous if the tube or at least the inner circumferential surface has a cylindrical shape, in particular a circular cylindrical shape. However, it is also possible, for example, an oval or elliptical basic shape of the cylinder. It may also be advantageous if the tube or at least its inner circumferential surface has a spiral shape or helical shape. With this

Shaping a uniform flow in the pipe should be achieved.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the plane defined by the first and / or second wall at the location of the connection region and the tangential plane to the tube at the location of the connection region at an angle of less than 75 ° or less than 60 ° or 40 ° to each other are, wherein the plane defined by the first wall is preferably tangential or substantially tangent to the pipe. According to a particularly preferred embodiment variant is the

Durchströmungsraum along the inflow side via a second

Connection area connected to a second tube, the second

Terminal area is formed by one or more openings. The flow direction of the heat transfer medium defined by the throughflow space at the location of the second connection region and the tangential plane to the pipe at the location of the second connection region are arranged at an angle of less than 75 °, preferably less than 60 ° and in particular less than 45 ° to each other. The in connection with the outflow side, in particular for the pipe, the

Connection area and the flow area mentioned features are also disclosed for the inflow, and in particular for the second tube, the second connection area and the flow space. As far as the mentioned characteristics relationships or relationships with certain

Applicant parts on the outflow side, etc., relate to such information then of course to the corresponding parts of the device and the Flow direction on the inflow side. The flow direction at the location of the connection region on the inflow side is preferably the flow direction of the heat transfer medium entering the flow space and / or it is understood as meaning a flow direction parallel or substantially parallel to the first and / or second wall of the heat exchanger.

As already stated above, the described

Heat exchangers excellent for use with hybrid couectors. Therefore, the invention also includes a hybrid collector with a

Photovoltaic element and a heat exchanger as described in this document.

The hybrid collector is preferably characterized in that the

Photovoltaic element disposed on the heat exchanger and is thermally connected thereto.

If the heat exchanger or the heat exchanger walls mentioned in

Essentially planar, it is particularly suitable for

Recording a photovoltaic layer. Such heat exchangers have substantially the same temperature over their entire surface, since the walls are in direct contact with the heat transport medium. Therefore, they are particularly suitable for the planar cooling of photovoltaic layers. In particular, when the photovoltaic layer is applied to the heat exchanger surface, such an element can be arranged in a vacuum tube. As a result, the heat loss can be reduced.

In one embodiment, the photovoltaic layer is arranged together with a carrier of the photovoltaic layer at a distance from the heat exchanger. This allows the use of crystalline cells with high efficiency and a variety of different commercially available photovoltaic elements. A photovoltaic layer (eg in the form of a film) may not only be glued directly to the heat exchanger with a thermally conductive adhesive, but may also be arranged at a distance from the heat exchanger behind a support (eg a glass pane). In the latter case, the layer is advantageously glued to the carrier.

Solar heat collectors usually require expensive solar glass covers. Without cover plates, there is no greenhouse effect and the collector temperatures to be achieved are much lower than with one

Cover plate.

As a cover is therefore proposed to install a photovoltaic layer on a support at a distance in front of the heat collector. Alternatively, it is proposed to mount a photovoltaic layer (e.g., in the form of a foil) directly on the heat exchanger.

If the photovoltaic layer has no or only a poor thermal connection to the heat exchanger, is as high as possible

To aim for heat transmission of the photovoltaic element. On the other hand, allows a thermally conductive connection between the photovoltaic element and heat exchanger, a use of heat radiation-collecting

Photovoltaic elements. The most direct cooling possible

Photovoltaic element with the heat exchanger element causes an increase in the efficiency of the photovoltaic element. The equipment of the

Heat exchanger with a photovoltaic element increases the energy gain of the heat exchanger on the same surface practically all the electrical energy recovered.

It is particularly preferred if a transparent cover (in particular a glass pane or solar glass pane) is arranged in front of the photovoltaic element and / or in front of the photovoltaic layer, wherein between the

Photovoltaic element and the transparent cover a distance is provided. The distance is advantageously 1.5 to 3.5 cm or 2 to 3 cm. Between the photovoltaic element and the transparent cover is expediently a cavity, in particular an air-filled cavity is provided. The height of the cavity can be used for the distance between

Photovoltaic element and cover mentioned mass. Of the

Cavity preferably extends over at least 70, 80 or 90 percent of the area of the photovoltaic element or it comprises at least 70, 80 or 90 percent of the space between photovoltaic element and cover. Of the

Cavity serves to generate the greenhouse effect described above.

As a result, an increased thermal effect is achieved, especially in winter. The cover may be detachably connected to the photovoltaic element, i. it can e.g. removed in summer and mounted before the beginning of winter.

In a preferred embodiment, the hybrid collector has a housing. This includes with advantage a (preferably plate-shaped)

Photovoltaic element on the top, as well as side walls and a rear wall. Especially in hot areas, it may be advantageous if the housing is not insulated and / or has no back wall. In this way, the

Heat exchangers absorb heat on both sides. The photovoltaic element is preferably fixedly connected to the housing and / or the side walls. The heat exchanger, however, is preferably not firmly connected to the housing and / or the photovoltaic element.

According to an advantageous embodiment variant, the heat exchanger is designed to be movable or displaceable relative to the photovoltaic element and / or relative to the housing (if such is provided). If the

Heat exchanger is movable within the housing, this has the advantage that the hybrid collector (especially when it is connected to other hybrid collectors) suffers no damage when vibrations or a

temperature-induced deformation occur. Be vibration or Temperature-induced deformations avoided in other ways (eg by the choice of materials), such flexibility is of course not necessary.

The photovoltaic element and the heat exchanger can be in direct contact. Advantageously, however, they are connected via a heat conducting layer, which may be gaseous, liquid or solid, with a liquid and in particular a solid form being preferred. The heat conducting layer is preferably electrically insulating. It can be in full contact with the heat exchanger in contact; Advantageously, the heat-conducting layer covers at least 70% or at least 85% of the contact surface between the heat exchanger and the photovoltaic element. The

Wärmeleitschicht advantageously has the form of a film. It may also be advantageous to form the heat-conducting layer in the form of strips or in the form of a net (drying). The Wärmeleitschicht can fulfill two other important tasks in addition to the Wärmeleitfunktion. First, it can compensate for unevenness on the heat exchanger or on the photovoltaic element and thus act as a mechanical protection. Deformations or movements do not damage the

Hybrid collector. Second, it can electrically isolate current-carrying parts of the apparatus of water-carrying parts.

It is advantageous if the heat conducting layer allows movement of the heat exchanger relative to the photovoltaic element. There are several ways to ensure this. According to a preferred embodiment variant, the heat-conducting layer is formed from a material which is elastically or plastically deformable at atmospheric pressure and / or by pressures such as occur in hybrid collectors. The heat-conducting layer is particularly preferably formed from a (at room temperature) flowable or spread-resistant substance, in particular it may be a thermal paste. Depending on the design of the hybrid collector, flowable substances could be displaced in a repeated movement of the type mentioned. It may therefore be preferable for the Heat conducting layer to use a substance, the distance between

Heat exchanger and photovoltaic element keeps constant. This one owns

(Especially after curing or drying) with advantage a defined external shape. It may be advantageous if it is a rubber elastic material (e.g., a silicone elastomer, etc.).

According to a preferred embodiment, the photovoltaic element and the heat exchanger are arranged in a housing, wherein the tube passes through an opening from the housing and is preferably designed to be movable relative to the opening. The opening has for this purpose preferably a larger diameter than the outer diameter of the tube. It can be round or be formed as a slot which extends to the edge of the housing wall. The photovoltaic element advantageously has control electronics. This preferably includes a switch for electrical isolation of

Photovoltaic element from the power grid and / or from one or more other hybrid collectors. The switch is preferably wirelessly operable, e.g. via radio waves or radio waves. The photovoltaic elements are

preferably individually, in groups or as a whole can be switched off, which is advantageous in the event of a fire, since extinguishing work can be carried out so safely.

Furthermore, the photovoltaic element preferably extends over the

Inlet side and / or the outflow side of the heat exchanger addition.

Preferably, the photovoltaic element extends beyond the tube and / or the second tube. On the heat exchanger side facing the protruding part of the photovoltaic element is preferably the

Control electronics and / or a junction box (junction box) arranged. However, it is also possible to make the connection between the photovoltaic elements via their surfaces. The invention also provides a system with a plurality of said heat exchangers or with a plurality of hybrid collectors described, which are interconnected. Preferably, they are connected together in series, wherein the tube of a heat exchanger or hybrid collector is connected to the tube of an adjacent heat exchanger or hybrid collector. The same applies to the second tube.

It should be disclosed:

1.) A heat exchanger, in particular for a hybrid collector, wherein

- The heat exchanger has a flow space for a heat transfer medium,

- The flow-through space has an inflow side and an outflow side, wherein the flow-through space along the outflow side via a

Connection area is connected to a pipe, and

- The connection area is formed by one or more openings, wherein

- Defined by the flow space flow direction of the

Heat transfer medium at the location of the connection area and the tangential plane are arranged on the pipe at the location of the connection area at an angle of less than 75 ° to each other.

2.) A heat exchanger according to 1.), wherein

the flow-through space on the upper side and the lower side is delimited by two walls arranged parallel to one another and at a distance of less than 5 mm, which are preferably made of copper sheets,

- The walls at a variety of distributed over the walls through bodies

Deformation are interlocked,

the flow-through space is formed closed at the sides extending between the inflow side and the outflow side, the flow-through space forms a coherent cavity which extends in the flow direction from the inflow side to the outflow side and transversely to the flow direction up to the closed sides,

- The walls are connected to the tube or form the tube, wherein the plane defined by the first wall tangentially abuts the tube and wherein the tube has a diameter of more than 10 mm, and

- A photovoltaic element disposed on the first wall and is thermally connected thereto.

3.) A heat exchanger according to 1.), wherein

- The flow-through space along the inflow side via a second

Connection area is connected to a second pipe,

- The second connection area is formed by one or more openings, and

- Defined by the flow space flow direction of the

Heat transfer medium at the location of the second connection area and the

Tangentialebene are arranged on the pipe at the location of the second connection region at an angle of less than 75 ° to each other.

4.) A heat exchanger according to 1.) or 3.), wherein the flow-through space is formed by a first and a second wall, which each other

the distance between the first and the second wall is smaller than the radius of the tube and preferably between 0.5 and 10 mm, in particular between 1 and 5 mm and particularly preferably between 1.5 and 3.5 mm and wherein the walls are preferably made of Copper sheets exist.

5.) heat exchanger according to 4.), wherein the first and the second wall at a

Variety about the walls distributed points are interlocked by deformation in one another, wherein the deformations are preferably formed round.

6.) A heat exchanger according to 4.) or 5.), wherein the plane defined by the first and / or the second wall and the tangential plane to the pipe at the location of the connection area at an angle of less than 75 ° to each other

are arranged, wherein the first wall preferably bears tangentially on the pipe. 7.) A heat exchanger according to 4.), 5.) or 6.), wherein the tube is formed by the first and / or the second wall.

8.) A hybrid collector with a photovoltaic element and a

Heat exchanger according to one of the points 1.) to 7.).

9.) A hybrid collector after 8.), with the photovoltaic element on the

Heat exchanger is arranged and thermally connected thereto, wherein the heat exchanger is preferably displaceable relative to the photovoltaic element.

10.) A hybrid collector according to 8.) or 9.), wherein the photovoltaic element and the heat exchanger are connected via a heat conducting layer, wherein it is preferably a thermal paste in the heat conducting layer.

11.) A hybrid collector according to 8.), 9.) or 10.), wherein the photovoltaic element extends beyond the inflow side and / or the outflow side of the heat exchanger, wherein on the heat exchanger side facing the projecting part of the photovoltaic element preferably one

Control electronics is arranged.

12.) A hybrid collector according to any one of 8.) to 11.), wherein the photovoltaic element and the heat exchanger are arranged in a housing, wherein the tube of the heat exchanger passes through an opening of the housing and is designed to be movable relative to the opening , wherein it is preferred if the opening for this purpose has a larger diameter than the outer diameter of the tube.

Brief description of the drawings

In a schematic, not true to scale representation:

Fig. L a part of a heat exchanger at the transition between

Flow space and pipe (outflow side);

Fig. 2a is a plan view of the heat exchanger;

Fig. 2b is a side view of the heat exchanger of Fig.2a;

Fig. 3a is a plan view of a hybrid collector; Fig.3b is a side view of the hybrid collector of Fig. 3a;

4 shows a plan view of two interconnected

Hybrid panels;

FIG. 5a is a perspective view of a hybrid collector; FIG. and

Fig.5b the circled in Figure 5a section of the hybrid collector.

Embodiment of the invention

The invention will be explained by way of example with reference to drawings.

FIG. 1 shows the outflow side 17 of a heat exchanger 11 according to the invention, wherein the inflow side is advantageously constructed the same with respect to the described components. Shown is a flow-through space 13, which is traversed by a heat transfer medium such as water. The

Heat transfer medium occurs at the inflow side (not shown) in the

Durchströmungsraum 13 and leaves this on the outflow side 17th

The latter is connected via a connection region 19 in flow communication with a tube 21, through which the heat transfer medium is removed. The flow-through space 13 is bounded at the top by a first wall 43 and at the bottom by a second wall 45, which is advantageous

Copper sheet are made. The flow-through space 13 is by its shape, the flow direction 25 of the heat transfer medium before. It has been found that a substantial reduction of the pressure loss between inflow side and outflow side 17 can be achieved by the shown arrangement and shape of the heat exchanger 11, which makes it possible to connect a larger number of such heat exchangers in series. Without wishing to be limited to any particular mechanism, it is believed that the reduced pressure drop is achieved by virtue of the heat transfer medium entering the tube 21 substantially tangentially via the connection region 19 and thereby creating a more uniform, optionally spiral, flow in the tube 21 , This is done structurally in the example shown, the distance between the first and the second wall (43 and 45) is made smaller than the radius of the tube 21 and the first wall 43 strikes the tube 21 approximately tangentially. The angle 29 between the flow direction 25 (or the direction of the movement vector of the heat transfer medium) and a tangential plane 27 at the location of the connection region 19 (ie at the transition between flow chamber 13 and tube 21) is thus between 0 ° and 30 °. In the example shown, the tube 21 is formed by the first and second walls 43 and 45. The walls 43 and 45 each form about half of the tubular body and meet approximately opposite the connection area 19 together. A projection 46 is provided on the tube which forms the connection between the first and second walls 43 and 45 and consists of two parts of the walls 43 and 45 arranged in parallel and in contact with each other, which are preferably welded together. 2b shows the heat exchanger 11 from the same direction as Fig.l, with the difference that the heat exchanger 11 is shown in its entire length from the inflow side 15 to the outflow 17. The inflow side 15 is designed substantially the same as the outflow side 17. There is a second tube 33, which the flow space or the

Inflow side 15 feeds the heat transfer medium via a second connection area.

2a shows the heat exchanger 11 in plan view. Again, there are the tubes 21 and 33 shown in Fig. 2b, which are opposed to each other and preferably arranged in parallel. Furthermore, it can be seen that the

Heat exchanger 11 has a substantially rectangular shape and at two opposite ends by the inflow side 15 and the outflow side 17 is limited. The two extending between the inflow side 15 and the outflow side 17, also opposite sides 49 close the flow space 13 from. It is for example possible to connect for this purpose, the first and the second wall by means of soldered rabbets. The one by the said four-side limited flow space preferably forms a continuous cavity. The first and second walls are interlocked by means of a plurality of deformations 47 distributed over the walls. This allows a high pressure resistance and tightness.

3 a (top view) and FIG. 3 b (side view) show a hybrid collector 51 which has a photovoltaic element 53 and a heat exchanger 11, as described above. The photovoltaic element 53 is shown here transparent for better illustration, whereby the underlying heat exchanger is visible. Due to the fact that the first wall 43 of the heat exchanger meets the tubes 21 and 33 tangentially, the latter are not in contact with the photovoltaic element defined by the first wall 43. Therefore, the photovoltaic element 53 may extend beyond the tubes 21 and 33 and / or beyond the heat exchanger. This allows a very space-saving (in particular flat) construction of the hybrid collector 51. For example, on the protruding part of the heat exchanger side facing the

Photovoltaic element, the control electronics for the hybrid collector 51 may be attached. The heat exchanger described is particularly suitable for use in a hybrid collector due to its low height and its large flat contact surface. Advantageously, at least 40%, 60% or 70% of the underside of the photovoltaic element is in thermal contact with the first wall 43 of the heat exchanger, wherein the contact is advantageously produced via a thermal paste. This makes it possible for the

Heat exchanger remains movable parallel to Photovoitaik element 53. This is important because the housing 55 is preferably fixedly connected to the photovoltaic element 53. When such a housing 55 is mounted on a roof, the expansion and contraction of the heat exchanger may not cause stress due to temperature variations.

Preferably, therefore, the heat exchanger and the photovoltaic element 53 and / or the housing 55 are movable relative to each other. In Fig. 3b, the housing 55 is shown from the side. The illustrated openings 57 for the tubes 21 and 33rd are preferably larger than the cross section of the tubes 21 and 33. The distance of the tube outer sides to the edge of the openings should be at least 0.5 mm, preferably at least 2 mm. This allows the tubes 21 and 33 to move within the openings 57.

4, two interconnected hybrid collectors 51 are shown in plan view. The tubes 33 for the supply of the heat transfer medium of the two hybrid collectors 51 are connected to each other. The same applies to the tubes 21 for the removal of the heat transfer medium, in which case by way of example

Connecting means 59 for the tight connection of the tubes 21 are located. Such hybrid collectors 51 may be connected in series, as shown in FIG. be mounted on building roofs.

FIG. 5 b shows the construction of a hybrid collector in a perspective view, the individual parts being shown separated from each other for better illustration. Fig.5a shows the area circled in Fig.5b enlarged. Shown are the upper and lower walls 43 and 45 of the heat exchanger and the

Deformations 47 through which the walls 43 and 45 are interconnected. The upper wall 43 is substantially tangential to the tube 21, and extends around a portion of the tube circumference. The second wall 45 also extends partially around the circumference of the tube 21. The walls 43 and 45 thus surround the tube 21 in whole or in part (stability, tightness), preferably at least half of its circumference. Preferably, the walls 43 and 45 are trough-shaped in shape or pressed. The tube 21 advantageously has slots or bores which are positioned on the heat exchanger 11 on the outflow side 17 of the flow-through space 13 or at the inlet to the flow-through space 13 (openings of the connection area), thus establishing a flow connection between the pipe 21 and the flow-through space 13 is guaranteed. The construction on the other side, ie at the tube 33 is the same as the Fig.5a can be removed. The photovoltaic element 53 is connected flat to the upper or first wall 43 of the heat exchanger. The Contact surface is advantageously at least 40%, in particular at least 60% of the area of the first wall 43 of the heat exchanger. Are for example also the

Deformations 47 filled with thermal paste, the contact area can be over 80% of the area of the first wall 43. Furthermore, the individual parts of the housing 55 are shown in Fig.5a and 5b, as well as provided on the side wall openings 57 for the tubes 21 and 33rd

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11 heat exchangers

13 flow-through space

15 inflow side

17 outflow side

19 connection area

21 pipe

25 flow direction (outflow side)

27 Tangential plane at the location of the connection area (outflow side)

29 angles between 25 and 27

33 second pipe

43 first wall

45 second wall

46 supernatant

47 deformations

49 closed pages

51 hybrid collector

53 photovoltaic element

55 housing

57 Opening of the housing

59 connecting means

Claims

claims

1. Hybrid collector with a photovoltaic element (53) and a

Heat exchanger (11), wherein

- The heat exchanger (11) has a flow space (13) for a

Having heat transfer medium,

- The flow space (13) has an inflow side (15) and a

Outflow side (17), wherein the flow space (13) along the outflow side (17) via a connection region (19) is connected to a tube (21), and

- The connection area (19) is formed by one or more openings, characterized in that

- The defined by the flow space (13) flow direction (25) of the heat transfer medium at the location of the connection region (19) and the tangential plane (27) to the tube (21) at the location of the connection region (19) at an angle (29) of less than Are arranged 75 ° to each other.

2. Hybrid collector according to claim 1, characterized in that

- The flow-through space (13) on the upper side and the underside by two parallel and spaced at a distance of less than 5 mm from each other walls (43, 45) is limited, which preferably made

Copper sheets exist,

- The walls (43, 45) at a plurality over the walls (43, 45) distributed points by deformation (47) are interlocked,

the flow-through space (13) is formed closed at the sides (49) extending between the inflow side (15) and the outflow side (17),

- The flow space (13) forms a coherent cavity extending in the flow direction from the inflow side (15) to the Outflow side (17) and extends transversely to the flow direction (25) to the closed sides (49),

- The walls (43, 45) are connected to the tube (21) or form the tube (21), wherein the plane defined by a first wall (43) tangentially against the tube (21) and wherein the tube (21) has a Diameter greater than 10 mm,

- The photovoltaic element (53) disposed on the first wall (43) and is thermally connected thereto, wherein the heat exchanger (11) relative to the photovoltaic element (53) is displaceable, and

- The photovoltaic element (53) and the heat exchanger (11) are arranged in a housing (55), wherein the tube (21) of the heat exchanger via an opening (57) from the housing (55) occurs.

Hybrid collector according to claim 1, characterized in that

the flow-through space (13) is connected to a second pipe (33) along the inflow side (15) via a second connection region,

- The second connection area is formed by one or more openings, and

- The flow direction defined by the flow space (13) of the heat transfer medium at the location of the second connection region and the tangential plane to the tube (33) at the location of the second connection region are arranged at an angle of less than 75 ° to each other.

Hybrid collector according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the flow-through space (13) is formed by a first and a second wall (43, 45), which are arranged opposite one another, wherein the distance between the first and the second wall ( 43, 45) is smaller than the radius of the tube (21) and between 0.5 and 10 mm and wherein the walls (43, 45) are made of metal.

5. hybrid collector according to claim 4, characterized in that the first and the second wall (43, 45) at a plurality of points distributed over the walls by deformation (47) are interlocked.

6. hybrid collector according to one of claims 4 to 5, characterized

in that the plane defined by the first and / or the second wall (43, 45) and the tangential plane (27) are arranged at the pipe (21) at the location of the connection region (19) at an angle of less than 75 ° to one another ,

7. hybrid collector according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized

characterized in that the tube is formed by the first and / or the second wall.

Hybrid collector according to one of claims 1 or 3 to 7, characterized in that the photovoltaic element (53) on the

Heat exchanger (11) is arranged and thermally connected thereto, wherein the heat exchanger (11) relative to the photovoltaic element (53) is displaceable.

Hybrid collector according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized

characterized in that the photovoltaic element (53) and the

Heat exchangers (11) are connected via a Wärmeleitschicht.

Hybrid collector according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized

characterized in that the photovoltaic element (53) over the

Inflow side (15) and / or the outflow side (17) of the heat exchanger (11) also extends. 11. Hybrid collector according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized

characterized in that the photovoltaic element (53) and the Heat exchangers (11) are arranged in a housing (55), wherein the tube (21) of the heat exchanger via an opening (57) from the housing (55) occurs and is designed to be movable relative to the opening (57).

Hybrid collector according to claim 11, characterized in that the opening (57) has a larger diameter than that

Outer diameter of the tube (21).