WO2012048743A1 - Dispositif de transport du courant pour une éolienne - Google Patents

Dispositif de transport du courant pour une éolienne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012048743A1
WO2012048743A1 PCT/EP2010/065344 EP2010065344W WO2012048743A1 WO 2012048743 A1 WO2012048743 A1 WO 2012048743A1 EP 2010065344 W EP2010065344 W EP 2010065344W WO 2012048743 A1 WO2012048743 A1 WO 2012048743A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wind turbine
power
transmission network
inverter
power transmission
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2010/065344
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Steimer
Stephan Ebner
Original Assignee
Abb Schweiz Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abb Schweiz Ag filed Critical Abb Schweiz Ag
Priority to PCT/EP2010/065344 priority Critical patent/WO2012048743A1/fr
Publication of WO2012048743A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012048743A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • F03D9/257—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor the wind motor being part of a wind farm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/95—Mounting on supporting structures or systems offshore
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of power generation from wind.
  • the invention relates to an electric power transmission device for a wind power plant, a wind turbine, in particular an offshore wind turbine, the use of the power transmission device in the wind turbine, and a method for transmitting electrical power to a wind turbine For example, a large-scale transmission network.
  • Wind turbines such as so-called wind farms, serve to generate electrical energy from wind power. These plants are becoming increasingly important as they generate their energy from a renewable energy source, unlike most conventional power plants.
  • Large-scale wind turbines which are used to generate electrical energy for the nationwide power grid, typically have a plurality of wind turbines. These wind turbines are usually distributed over a large area and can be several 100 m or up to several kilometers apart. Frequently, the wind turbines are built in the sea, such a wind turbine is therefore also called offshore facility.
  • a wind turbine may include a tower on which there is a nacelle equipped with a generator and a rotor attached to the shaft of the generator. The generator is designed to convert mechanical energy from the rotor, whose rotor blades are driven by wind, into electrical energy.
  • the wind turbine further includes a transformer that transforms the electrical power generated by the generator to the voltage of a first power transmission network that transmits electrical energy from the individual wind turbines to a central point or central station where the electrical energy of the wind turbines then travel the mains voltage of another second large-scale transmission network is transformed, which transmits the electrical energy to the consumers.
  • a first aspect of the invention is a wind turbine.
  • the wind turbine comprises at least a first wind turbine with a first generator and a second wind turbine with a second generator.
  • the wind turbine may include not only two wind turbines but a large number of wind turbines, or a plurality of wind turbines, each having at least one generator.
  • the individual wind turbines may comprise a tower which may be several hundred meters high and may in turn be spaced from one another up to several kilometers apart and from a central station of the wind turbine.
  • the wind turbine comprises a power transmission device having a power transmission network for transmitting an electric power from the first generator to a central station of the wind turbine and a second electric power from the second generator to the central station.
  • the plurality of wind turbines are connected to the central station via the power transmission network and thus also the generators are connected to the central station via the power transmission network.
  • the power transmission network can thus include power lines that can be from a few hundred meters to several kilometers long.
  • the power transmission network may include a first power line for the first power from the first generator and a second power line for the second power from the second power rato ns, which may be merged before or at the second power station ,
  • the power transmission network has, for example, a star-shaped topology, in which the individual power lines are brought together by the wind turbines or generators only at the central station, or even that the power lines from the wind turbines or from the generators to one or several manifolds are connected.
  • the arrangement with one or more busbars is sometimes referred to as "daisy-chain" topology, and multiple busbars may be merged in front of or at the central station, but it is also possible that only a single bus is present.
  • the power transmission network and the power lines are usually designed for the transmission of multiphase AC or DC and can have multiple individual conductors.
  • the power transmission network or the power lines for transmitting three-phase current for example three-phase current, or else carried out by multi-phase current.
  • a power line for transmitting three-phase three-phase current has four individual conductors.
  • the central station which may normally be a building or a platform, which may be located either on land or, in the case of an offshore installation, also on the sea, may be used to connect the wind turbine to a large (another) Power transmission network serve.
  • the central station is the interface between the (first) power transmission network from the wind turbines to the (second) large-scale transmission network, which in turn can transport the electrical energy over many 1000 km and includes, for example, the transmission line of an electricity supplier.
  • the central station may be located at least several 100 meters from each of the wind turbines, but also several kilometers away,
  • the (first) power transmission network may include other electrical components such as inverters and switches.
  • the power transmission network does not include a transformer in front of the central station. For example, only a central transformer is arranged in the central station. Alternatively, it is also possible that a plurality of central transformers are arranged in the central station, for example for each wind turbine one.
  • the power transmission network includes other electrical components, such as an inverter or a plurality of inverters or switches, it is possible that the power transmission network does not include a transformer between these further electrical components and the wind turbine.
  • the transformer can be arranged only after these electrical components.
  • the electric power is conducted from the wind turbines to the central station with the voltage generated by the wind turbines. So with the voltage generated by the generators of the wind turbines.
  • the power transmission network it is possible for the power transmission network to transmit alternating current or direct current to a first voltage of, for example, 13.8 kV.
  • Such an arrangement of the components of the transmission network can be made possible in that high-power semiconductor modules are scaled in terms of power and voltage, which can be realized inexpensively and relatively low maintenance.
  • generators for the wind turbines which supply a higher voltage, which can now also be processed directly without voltage transformation by electrical components of the transmission network, such as converters.
  • the power transmission device comprises a central transformer, which is designed to transform the first and the second current to a network voltage of a further (second) power transmission network.
  • the central transformer performs a voltage transformation from the first voltage (that is, the generator voltage of the first transmission network) to a second voltage (that is, the mains voltage of the large-area second power transmission network).
  • this voltage transformation can be a transformation from 13.8 KV to 150 kV.
  • the first and second power lines of the first and the first generator may be commonly connected to the transformer, that is, the central transformer for the two generators or the plurality of generators , but can also be used for all generators of the wind power plant for planting. It is also possible that the transformer in the above-mentioned "daisy-chain" arrangement or topology is connected to one of the manifolds or also to all busbars, so that it is possible that the entire wind turbine only a central transformer, which is responsible for the voltage transformation of all wind turbines includes.
  • the central transformer is arranged in the central station or associated with a centrally located wind turbine or turbine.
  • a Wind turbine can also include the central station. In this way, the transformer can be easily installed and maintained.
  • the power transmission device or the power transmission network comprises further electrical components such as a Umrichtvorraum or switch for disconnecting the wind turbines or their generators and / or connected thereto power lines from the wind turbine.
  • the converter device is designed to convert the first current to a mains frequency of the power transmission network and to convert the second current to the network frequency of the power transmission network.
  • the frequency of the electric current in the power transmission network or the power transmission device changes, but not the voltage of the current. Inverting may be changing the frequency of an alternating current, but may also be transforming a direct current into an alternating current or a direct current into alternating current.
  • the line frequency of the (first) power transmission network is also the line frequency of the (second) further large-scale power transmission network, for example 50 or 60 Hz.
  • the converter device is arranged in the central station of the wind power plant or in a centrally located wind turbine or turbine.
  • the converter device can be a central converter device.
  • locally arranged transformations in the wind turbines and locally arranged inverter can be omitted in the wind turbines, which on the one hand reduces the procurement costs for the entire wind turbine, but also can help to reduce maintenance costs.
  • the converter device can have a first converter for converting the first current and a second converter for converting of the second stream.
  • the first inverter and the second converter can be two separate devices that can operate both electrically and spatially separated from each other.
  • the first converter may be arranged in the first power line from the first generator and the second converter in the second power line from the second generator.
  • the two inverters can be connected together with the central transformer.
  • the first converter is arranged in the first wind turbine. It may also be possible that the second converter is arranged in the second wind turbine. If the two converters are each arranged in the wind turbines assigned to them, it may be possible for the first and the second power line to be brought together or connected to one another before the central station, since it is possible for the electric current to already be present at this point the right frequency and also the right phase has been redirected.
  • the first inverter is arranged in the central station. It may also be possible for the second converter to be arranged in the central station. If the two inverters are arranged in the central station, power lines run from the individual wind turbines to the central station and it is possible that the above-mentioned star-shaped topology for the transmission network arises.
  • the inverter either at the beginning of the power lines, that is, the respective generator or in the wind turbine, or even at the end of the power lines, that are located at the central station or in the central station. But it is also possible that is arranged at a part of the wind turbine, the inverter at the wind turbine, for example in the wind turbines, which are relatively close to the central station, but also in another part of the wind turbines, the associated inverter near or is located in the central station.
  • the wind turbine may, in addition to the power transmission network described so far, include at least one further power transmission network, which is not the previously has described star-shaped topology.
  • This further transmission network may be a DC transmission network and may include other inverters that are part of the Umrichtvoriques.
  • the converter device comprises a first rectifier for rectifying the first current into a first direct current and the second rectifier for rectifying the second current into a second direct current, the converter device comprising a converter for generating an alternating current from the first and second direct current includes.
  • the conversion device is an indirect converter, which comprises a plurality of rectifiers, but only one associated power converter or inverter.
  • a rectifier may be a device that converts an alternating current into a direct current and a converter or inverter in turn a device that converts a direct current into an alternating current.
  • the rectifiers can be active or passive rectifiers.
  • an active rectifier may be a rectifier whose function can be controlled, for example, via semiconductor switches, such as transistors or thyristors.
  • a passive rectifier for example, a diode rectifier can be understood.
  • Such a passive rectifier can also be combined, for example, with passive fill and compensation networks, in particular with capacitors, in series or shunt circuit (shunt circuit).
  • the first rectifier is arranged in a first wind turbine and the second rectifier in a second wind turbine. That is, the first rectifier is arranged at the beginning of a first power line and the second rectifier at the beginning of a second power line.
  • the converter connected to the two rectifiers can be arranged as a central power converter in the central station.
  • the (first) power transmission network is also a power transmission network that transmits a high-voltage direct current.
  • the wide transmission network comprises a common power line for transmitting a first and a second current to which a first generator and a second generator are connected, the converter device comprising a common converter for converting the first and second currents which is arranged in the common power line.
  • the generator can be ASM generators (asynchronous generators), which are already synchronized by their structure with the mains frequency.
  • the first and the second power line can therefore be connected together with a common converter, which is arranged, for example, in the central station.
  • the common power line or the common converter can in turn be connected to the central transformer or one of the central transformers.
  • the wind turbine comprises a plurality of wind turbines, of which a part of the wind turbines is each connected to a separate inverter and another part is connected to a common converter.
  • the converter device comprises a direct converter.
  • a direct converter may be a converter which directly generates an alternating current of different frequency from the phases of the alternating current from one or more of the generators without the intermediation of an intermediate circuit with direct voltage.
  • a direct converter may be, for example, a matrix converter. It is possible for the first and / or the second converter and / or also the common converter to be a direct converter.
  • the converter device comprises an indirect converter.
  • the indirect converter can be a converter which generates a direct current from the phases of the alternating current from the generators with a rectifier and in turn generates an alternating current of different frequency from this direct current with an inverter connected to the rectifier via an intermediate circuit.
  • the further power transmission network is designed to transmit direct current to the central station. This is possible, for example, if one or more inverters are arranged in the wind turbines and one of the central stations is arranged. However, it is also possible that the power network transmits direct current only in sections, for example when the distributor does not operate in the power transmission network between the wind turbines and the wind energy converter central station are arranged.
  • a DC transmitting power transmission network may have a star or daisy chain topology.
  • Advantage of a DC power transmission network may be that with a star topology no synchronization of power phases is necessary, but the lines can be easily connected.
  • Another advantage may be that only one potential-carrying line can be used, in contrast to multi-phase alternating current, where a separate line is usually present for each phase.
  • the converter device comprises a modular multi-level converter (MMLC).
  • MMLC modular multi-level converter
  • a modular multi-level converter (MMLC) also known as an M2LC converter / inverter / inverter, is an inverter with a large number of series-connected phase modules
  • Such an MMLC power converter can be used as an (active) rectifier, but also as an inverter, for example, the aforementioned rectifiers or inverters or also the first, the second converter or the common converter can use an MMLC converter.
  • An MMLC inverter may be a direct MMLC converter, for example an MMLC matrix converter or an indirect MMLC converter in which separate rectifiers and inverters exchange their energy via a direct current circuit electrical components of the power transmission device carried out, the Mains voltage of the power transmission device to process.
  • these electrical components include the switches, the wires and the inverters.
  • the inverters include high power switches, such as transistors or thyristors, which are designed to switch the mains voltage.
  • the Inverter further high performance electrical components, such as diodes and capacitors include, which are designed to process the mains voltage or to stand this.
  • a wind power plant may be an offshore wind turbine, that is to say at least a part of the wind turbines is arranged in the sea. According to one embodiment of the invention, the wind turbine has a power transmission device as described above and below.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of transmitting electrical power to a wind turbine in a power transmission network.
  • the method comprises the steps of: transmitting a first electrical current from the first generator to a central station of the wind turbine; Transmitting a second electrical current from the second generator to the central station; wherein there is no voltage transformation of the first and second electrical currents from a generator voltage to a transmission voltage in front of the central station.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows schematically a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 5 shows schematically a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 6 shows schematically a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 shows a flow chart for a power transmission method according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 8 shows a circuit diagram for a converter according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 9 shows a circuit diagram for a converter according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • 10 shows a circuit diagram for a converter according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 1 shows a circuit diagram of an embodiment of a module for an MMLC converter.
  • Fig. 12 shows a circuit diagram of an embodiment of a module for an MMLC converter.
  • Fig. 13 shows an embodiment of an MMLC converter.
  • Fig. 14 shows a circuit diagram of an embodiment of a block for a matrix converter.
  • Fig. 15 shows a circuit diagram for an embodiment of a matrix converter.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an exemplary embodiment of a wind power plant 10.
  • the wind power plant 10 comprises a central station 12 and wind turbines 14 arranged therefrom. Between the wind turbines 14 and the central station 12, a power transmission network 16 is arranged which comprises a plurality of power lines 18.
  • Each of the wind turbines 14 includes a generator 20, which is connected to a respective one of the power lines 18.
  • the generator 20 may be, for example, a synchronous motor or motor with permanent magnets that generate, for example, a current 13.8 kV AC voltage during operation. It is also possible for the generators 20 or wind turbines 14 to have series compensation.
  • a converter device 22 is arranged, which has a plurality of inverters 24, each of which is connected via one of the power lines 18 directly to one of the generators 20.
  • a plurality of switches 26 are arranged, which are connected to one of the inverter 24 and serve to separate the inverter 24 and the associated line 18 and the respective generator 20 from the central generator 28.
  • a central transformer 28 is located in the central station 12 and is connected via the switches 26 to the inverters 22. On its other side, the central transformer 28 is connected to a main supply line 30 of another second large-area transmission network 32.
  • each of the generators 20 are electrical alternating current with a voltage of, for example, 13.8 kV, which then passes over the lines 18 of the power transmission network 16 to the central station 12 wi rd.
  • the U m judge 24 direct the com coming from the generators AC to the mains frequency and the phase of the transmission network 32.
  • the transformer 28 transforms the 13.8 kV to, for example, 150 kV, which is used in the large-area transmission network 32.
  • each of the wind turbines 14 is individually connected to the central station 12, resulting in a star-shaped topology for the power transmission network 1 6.
  • the wind turbines 14 may be arranged in a star shape at substantially the same distance from the central station 12 around the central station.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a wind power plant 10 having a power transmission network 16 with a star-shaped topology. Unlike the wind turbine of FIG. 1, in the wind turbine of FIG. 10, each of the inverters 24 is disposed at the wind turbine 14. The wind power plant of FIG. 10 thus has a (decentralized) converter device 22 distributed over the entire wind turbine.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a wind power plant 10 having a power transmission network 16 with a star-shaped topology.
  • a generator 20 is arranged in each of the wind turbines 14.
  • the wind turbine 10 has an inverter device 22 with a common converter 34.
  • the common converter 34 can take on the task of carrying out a speed compensation for the generators in weak wind or of ensuring that the wind turbine 10 fulfills so-called "grid codes" specified by the grid operators However, these tasks can also take over the inverter 24 in the other embodiments.
  • the wind turbine 10 in the central station 12 still a central switch 36, with which the inverter 34 and the generators 20 can be separated from the network 32 and the central transformer 28 together.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of a wind turbine 10 in a schematic form.
  • the wind turbine of Fig. 4 corresponds to the electrical circuit of the individual components of the wind turbine of Fig. 2, but the switches 26 are arranged in the wind turbine 14 and the electrical lines 18 are connected to a common line 38 a or a common line 38 b, the be merged at the central station 12.
  • the common lines 38a and 38b are connected to the central transformer 28 in the central station.
  • a local converter 24 in each of the wind turbines 14 it is also possible in the wind power plant of FIG. 4 to provide a central common converter 34 analogously to FIG.
  • the wind turbines 14 are daisy-chained via the lines 18 to one another on one of the common lines 38a, 38b, so that the current transmission network 16 of FIG a "daisy-chain topology.”
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically another embodiment of a wind turbine 10 with a power transmission network 16 with daisy-chain topology.
  • a switch 20 and a rectifier 40 are arranged in each of the Wind turbines 14 of the wind turbine 10 of FIG. 5.
  • the rectifier 40 can be separated from the respective generator 20.
  • Each of the rectifiers 40 serves to rectify a generator-derived alternating current of, for example, 13.8 kV into a 13.8 kV direct current.
  • the rectifier 40 may be a passive rectifier, such as a diode rectifier or an active rectifier, such as an MMLC converter.
  • the power transmission network of FIG. 5 transmits DC power to the central station 12.
  • the common lines 38a and 38b are connected to a common central inverter 42 which receives the direct current from the rectifiers 40 in an alternating current of the same voltage but with the power frequency of the large-scale transmission network 32 transforms.
  • a central switch 36 Via a central switch 36, the inverter 42, the transmission network 16, the rectifiers 40, the switches 26 and the generators 20 can be separated from the transformer 28 and the power transmission network 32.
  • the switch 36 serves to separate all electrical components of the wind turbine 10, which are upstream of the transformer 28, from this.
  • the wind turbines shown schematically in FIGS. 1 to 5 are to say that they are only exemplary embodiments of the fact that no voltage transformation takes place in front of the central station 12.
  • the power transmission network 16 illustrated in FIG. 5 could have a star-shaped topology, or the same as FIG. 1 to 3 provided power transmission networks 16 could be combined.
  • a plurality of wind turbines analogous to the wind turbine 10 of FIG. 3 could be interconnected with a further number of wind turbines analogous to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • Another example would be to connect the voltage transmission network 16 shown in FIG. 4 to another star-shaped voltage transmission network 16 analogous to FIGS. 1 and 2 or 3. It would then be such that instead of the connection to the transformer 28, as well it is shown in Figs. 1 to 3, the corresponding connection point is connected to one of the common lines 38a or 38b.
  • FIG. 6 shows schematically and by way of example how a wind turbine 14, in particular that of an offshore installation, can be constructed.
  • the wind turbine 14 has a base 44 which may be anchored in such a system on the seabed.
  • a tower 46 is mounted, which may have several 100 m in height.
  • a nacelle 48 which is rotatable relative to the tower 46 and in which a generator 20 is arranged which is mechanically connected to a rotor 52.
  • the electrical energy generated by the generator 20 upon rotation of the rotor 52 is transmitted via the line 18 in the direction of the central station 12.
  • High-performance devices or electrical components 50 such as the switches 26, the rectifiers 40, the inverters 24, etc., are located in the door 48, in the door 46, or in the door sill 44.
  • FIG. 7 shows a flowchart for a transmission method of electrical energy from the wind turbines 14 into the large-area transmission network 32.
  • a step S10 electric power generated by a plurality of generators 20 by wind power is input to the transmission network 16.
  • the electrical energy can be transmitted via electrical lines 18, which form a power transmission network 16 with star-shaped or daisy-chain topology.
  • the electrical energy or the electric current from the generators 20 is not voltage-transformed in front of a central station 12, which is located as an interface between the first transmission network 16 and a second further large-area transmission network 32.
  • the electrical voltage in the entire transmission network 16 can be 13.8 kV.
  • the electric current can be redirected into power transmission network 16, that is to say the electrical current can also be converted or converted from an alternating voltage into direct voltage or into an alternating voltage of different frequency
  • an inverter device 22 may be located in the power network 16.
  • the conversion device 22 can be a plurality of local converters 24 in the wind turbines 14, a plurality of inverters 24 in the central station 12 or a common inverter 34 in the central station 12.
  • the converter device 22 it is also possible for the converter device 22 to comprise a combination of these converters.
  • the electric current originating from the generators 20 is converted to a frequency of the large-area transmission network 32, for example 50 or 60 Hz.
  • the inverter device 22 can include a plurality of local rectifiers in the wind turbines 14 and a central inverter 42 in the central station 12.
  • the transmission of the electrical energy from the wind turbines to the central station takes place in step S10 substantially in the entire power transmission network 16 in direct current.
  • the current transmitted by the power transmission network 16 is transformed by a central transformer 28 from the voltage in the transmission network 1 6 into the power transmission network 32, for example from 13.8 kV to 150 kV.
  • FIGS. 8 to 10 are circuit diagrams of various possible embodiments of the various inverters 24, 34 shown in FIGS. 1 to 6.
  • FIG. 8 shows a converter 24, 34, which has a rectifier 40 and an inverter 42.
  • the rectifier 40 is connected to the generator 20 and generates from the AC voltage of the generator 20 DC for a DC circuit 54, which can then be converted by the inverter 42 again in an AC voltage of different frequency, but the same voltage. Between the switch 26 and the AC or power converter 42, a throttle 56 is also arranged.
  • the inverter 24, 34 shown in FIG. 8 is an indirect converter because of the internal DC circuit 54.
  • the rectifier 40 may be a passive rectifier or an active rectifier. For example, it would be possible to use for the rectifier 40 and the inverter 42 each an MMLC power converter, as will be described below. A combination of a passive rectifier 40 with an MMLC inverter 42 is also possible.
  • FIG. 9 shows a further possibility for a converter 24 or 34, in which a 12-pole generator 20 is connected to two rectifiers 40 which each rectify a part of the phases of the generator 12.
  • the converter 24, 34 shown in FIG. 9 has in its DC voltage circuit 54 an inverter 42 which converts the current from both rectifiers 40 into AC voltage.
  • the rectifiers 40 and inverters 42 of FIG. 9 may be constructed the same as those of FIG. 8 (active / passive rectifiers, MMLC power converters, etc.).
  • FIG. 10 shows a further circuit diagram for a converter 24 or 34, which has a direct converter 56.
  • the direct converter 56 may also be an MMLC converter, as will be described below.
  • FIG. 1 to 13 show circuit diagrams for a so-called MMLC power converter, as it is also described in DE 101 03 031 A1.
  • the energy stores that is, the capacitors
  • the capacitors are distributed over a plurality of components, which can provide the advantage that the effective energy content of the power converter can be controlled.
  • FIG. 1 1 shows the circuit diagram of a first example of such a device 58.
  • the so-called half-bridge circuit 58 has two diodes 60 and two controllable semiconductor switches 62, which may be transistors 62 and thyristors 62, for example.
  • an energy store 64 is arranged in the form of a capacitor.
  • the module 58 also has two outputs X1, X2, via which the module 58 can be connected in series with further modules 58, as described below in FIG. 13.
  • FIG. 12 shows a second building block 58 'of an alternative embodiment of a half bridge 58'.
  • the block 58 'shown in FIG. 12 is essentially constructed like the block 58 from FIG. 11.
  • FIG. 13 there is shown a circuit diagram for an MMLC power converter 66 for one phase.
  • a phase of an alternating current is connected to the input L of the MMLC power converter 66.
  • the outputs and inputs P and N of the MMLC power converter 66 are connected to a DC circuit, for example the DC circuit 54 of FIGS. 8 and 9.
  • the power converter 66 still has a respective throttle 68.
  • the MMLC power converter 66 includes a plurality of series connected half bridges 58 or 58 '.
  • the output L is connected to the output P via a half-bridge 58, a half-bridge 58 'coupled to the half-bridge 58, and a choke 68 coupled thereto, and the output L is coupled to two half-bridges 58 coupled thereto and one coupled thereto Throttle 68 is connected to the output N.
  • each of the combinations 58, 58 or 58, 58 'or 58', 58 or 58 ', 58' is possible in both branches to the outputs P or L.
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 are circuit diagrams for a direct converter 70.
  • the principle of a matrix converter is described, for example, in US Pat. No. 6,900,998 B2.
  • FIG. 14 shows a circuit diagram for a module 72, a so-called full bridge circuit 72 or full bridge 72.
  • the full bridge 72 comprises four diodes 60 and four switches 62, for example transistors 62 or thyristors 62 and an energy store in the form of a capacitor 64
  • Full bridge 72 is essentially a combination of two half-bridges 58 or 58 'from FIGS. 11 or 12.
  • FIG. 15 shows a circuit diagram for an MMLC matrix converter 70, which has three phases L1, L2, L3 of a first alternating current in three phases L1 ', L2', L3 'of a second alternating current with a second frequency which may differ from the first frequency of the first alternating current.
  • L1 ', L2', L3 'of a second alternating current with a second frequency which may differ from the first frequency of the first alternating current.
  • the matrix converter 70 has the full bridges 72, which are connected via their inputs or outputs X1 and X2 to a phase of the first alternating current and to another phase of the second alternating current. As shown in the upper left corner of the matrix, several of the half bridges 72 may also be connected in series via their outputs X1 and X2, with the ends of the series connected respectively to one phase of the first current and another phase of the second current are. In this way, a direct MMLC inverter 70 is created.
  • such a matrix converter 70 will generally have an equal number of half-bridge modules 72 at each cross-section.
  • a throttle 68 is provided at at least one end of the inverter modules 72 at the connection point to the phase of the first alternating current.
  • the diodes 60, switches 62, capacitors 64 and chokes 68 are used in converters which supply electric currents of voltages up to, for example, 13 , 8 kV and several 100 A.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne les éoliennes. Dans une éolienne (10), le courant provenant directement des générateurs (20) des turbines éoliennes (14) est transporté directement à une station centrale (12) sans interposition d'un transformateur.
PCT/EP2010/065344 2010-10-13 2010-10-13 Dispositif de transport du courant pour une éolienne WO2012048743A1 (fr)

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PCT/EP2010/065344 WO2012048743A1 (fr) 2010-10-13 2010-10-13 Dispositif de transport du courant pour une éolienne

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PCT/EP2010/065344 WO2012048743A1 (fr) 2010-10-13 2010-10-13 Dispositif de transport du courant pour une éolienne

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WO2012048743A1 true WO2012048743A1 (fr) 2012-04-19

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014109992A1 (fr) 2013-01-14 2014-07-17 Abb Technology Ag Système de génération d'énergie basé sur une turbine avec sortie en courant continu
EP2919353A1 (fr) * 2014-03-14 2015-09-16 ABB Technology AG Procédé et appareil permettant d'obtenir de l'électricité à partir d'éoliennes en mer
WO2015138873A3 (fr) * 2014-03-14 2015-11-12 Abb Technology Ag Procédé et appareil d'obtention d'électricité à partir de turbines éoliennes en mer
US9800054B2 (en) 2014-07-31 2017-10-24 Abb Schweiz Ag DC connection system for renewable power generators
EP4120502A1 (fr) * 2021-07-15 2023-01-18 Aerodyn Consulting Singapore Pte Ltd Parc éolien en mer doté d'un nombre d'éoliennes flottantes à un seul point d'amarrage

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DE4232356A1 (de) * 1992-09-26 1994-03-31 Inst Solare Energieversorgungstechnik Iset Stromversorgungseinrichtung mit mindestens zwei Stromrichtern, z.B. Windkraftanlage, Photovoltaikanlage, Batteriespeicher sowie Kombinationen hiervon
WO2001052379A2 (fr) * 1999-12-23 2001-07-19 Abb Ab Ssteme d'energie electrique base sur des sources d'energie renouvelables
DE10103031A1 (de) 2001-01-24 2002-07-25 Rainer Marquardt Stromrichterschaltungen mit verteilten Energiespeichern
EP1276224A1 (fr) * 2001-07-10 2003-01-15 ABB Schweiz AG Convertisseur de fréquence pour centre d'énergie éolienne et methode de fonctionnement d'un tel convertisseur
US20040022081A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2004-02-05 Erickson Robert W Variable-speed wind power system with improved energy capture via multilevel conversion
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WO2009135728A2 (fr) * 2008-05-07 2009-11-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Parc éolien comprenant plusieurs installations éoliennes

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014109992A1 (fr) 2013-01-14 2014-07-17 Abb Technology Ag Système de génération d'énergie basé sur une turbine avec sortie en courant continu
US8994206B2 (en) 2013-01-14 2015-03-31 Abb Technology Ag Turbine-based energy generation system with DC output
CN104769804A (zh) * 2013-01-14 2015-07-08 Abb技术有限公司 具有dc输出的基于涡轮的能量产生系统
CN104769804B (zh) * 2013-01-14 2018-03-30 Abb技术有限公司 具有dc输出的基于涡轮的能量产生系统
EP2919353A1 (fr) * 2014-03-14 2015-09-16 ABB Technology AG Procédé et appareil permettant d'obtenir de l'électricité à partir d'éoliennes en mer
WO2015138873A3 (fr) * 2014-03-14 2015-11-12 Abb Technology Ag Procédé et appareil d'obtention d'électricité à partir de turbines éoliennes en mer
US9735581B2 (en) 2014-03-14 2017-08-15 Abb Schweiz Ag Method and apparatus for obtaining electricity from offshore wind turbines
US9859806B2 (en) 2014-03-14 2018-01-02 Abb Research Ltd. Method and apparatus for obtaining electricity from offshore wind turbines
US9800054B2 (en) 2014-07-31 2017-10-24 Abb Schweiz Ag DC connection system for renewable power generators
EP4120502A1 (fr) * 2021-07-15 2023-01-18 Aerodyn Consulting Singapore Pte Ltd Parc éolien en mer doté d'un nombre d'éoliennes flottantes à un seul point d'amarrage
DE102021118328A1 (de) 2021-07-15 2023-01-19 Aerodyn Consulting Singapore Pte Ltd Offshore-Windpark mit einer Mehrzahl von schwimmenden Single-Point-Mooring-Windenergieanlagen

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