WO2012045456A1 - Disc with optically active element, and method for operating such a disc - Google Patents

Disc with optically active element, and method for operating such a disc Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012045456A1
WO2012045456A1 PCT/EP2011/004986 EP2011004986W WO2012045456A1 WO 2012045456 A1 WO2012045456 A1 WO 2012045456A1 EP 2011004986 W EP2011004986 W EP 2011004986W WO 2012045456 A1 WO2012045456 A1 WO 2012045456A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
disc
optically active
active element
electrodes
layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/004986
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Uwe Renz
Jana Moll
Andreas Zygan
Original Assignee
Daimler Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler Ag filed Critical Daimler Ag
Publication of WO2012045456A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012045456A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J3/00—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles
    • B60J3/04—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles adjustable in transparency
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
    • B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
    • B32B17/10532—Suspended particle layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/1077—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyurethane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a disc for a motor vehicle with at least one optically active, switchable element according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a method for operating such a disc according to the preamble of
  • Disks with optically active, switchable elements made of electrochromic materials are also generally known as "intelligent glasses.”
  • a process for producing such wafers is disclosed, for example, in WO 2005/102688 A2, which comprises a thin layer of anisotropic particle suspension
  • the particles are randomly aligned and thereby block a portion of the incident light.
  • an external electric or magnetic field is applied, the particles are aligned, as a result of which their smallest profile in terms of area is usually presented in the direction of the incident light.
  • the disc is transparent.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object, a disc according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method according to the preamble of To provide claim 8, which ensure a fast switching time of the disc even at low outdoor temperatures.
  • Such a disk for a motor vehicle comprises at least one optically active, switchable element, in particular of an electrochromic material, which can be acted on by means of two associated electrodes for changing an optical property of the element with an electric field.
  • an optically active element is formed as a flat layer arranged in the disc, which is flanked on both sides by electrodes which act in the manner of a plate capacitor and between them - ie in the region of the optically active element - a homogeneous electric field with parallel, to Produce electrode surface area normal field lines.
  • At least a portion of the disc of a composite material with a plurality of layers for heating the optically active element can be energized. Due to the current flow, heat is generated in the layer due to the ohmic resistance, which also leads to a heating of the optically active element. As a result, even at low outside temperatures fast switching times of the
  • Energizing preheated optically active element can be realized.
  • At least one of the electrodes can be energized independently of the respective other electrode for heating the optically active element. Due to the ohmic resistance of the electrode, heat is generated by the energization, which heats the electrode itself and its immediate vicinity, ie also the optically active element.
  • the pane is preferably designed as a laminated laminated glass pane with an outer glass layer of at least one plastic layer, in particular of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and an inner glass layer.
  • EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
  • the laminated between the two layers of glass plastic layer acts as splinter protection and keeps the glass layers together even at break events, so that for example in an accident, the risk to vehicle occupants is reduced by broken glass compared with simple glass.
  • the glass sheets themselves may also be thermally biased to improve splinter protection.
  • the plastic layers can also consist of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polyurethane (PU) in the same way.
  • the optically active element and the associated electrodes are embedded between two plastic layers.
  • the optically active element is thus part of the shatter protective layer of the safety glass.
  • such a laminated glass pane comprises at least one layer of an infrared and / or ultraviolet absorbing material, which is arranged between the optically active element and the outer glass layer in the installed position of the pane.
  • a layer can protect the optically active element from damage caused by strong exposure to light, for example by fading or embrittlement.
  • the layer of an IR- and / or UV-absorbing material for heating the optically active element can be energized.
  • electrically conductive particles with a suitable ohmic resistance for realizing the power supply can be embedded in these layers.
  • the electrodes are formed from indium tin oxide (ITO).
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • Indium tin oxide is a semiconductor that is thin in nature
  • the invention further relates to a method for operating a glass pane, in which in a first operating state at least one optically active, switchable element, in particular of an electrochromic element by means of two associated electrodes for changing an optical property is acted upon by an electric field.
  • a second, alternatively or simultaneously operable to the first operating state operating state at least one of the electrodes independently of the respective other electrode for heating the optically active
  • Ambient temperatures fast switching times can be realized.
  • the second operating state is activated. This can ensure that the optically active element is then heated when its temperature has dropped so far that sufficiently fast
  • Heating of the electrode can be minimized with strong temperature differences between the interior and environment, especially in much colder environment, the heat loss from the car interior to the environment.
  • the heated electrode acts as a kind of barrier to the heat flow and at the same time serves as a surface heating of the glass panes to support the interior heating and to avoid icing or fogging of the glass panes.
  • the pane 10 is designed as a flat, laminated laminated glass pane and in this case has a glass layer 12 or 14 as outer layers. Between the lens 10 delimiting glass layers 12 and 14 are shown in the
  • Embodiment 4 Plastic layers 16 arranged from ethylene vinyl acetate.
  • a further plastic layer 24 of an infrared and / or ultraviolet absorbing material is arranged between two of the plastic layers 16, a further plastic layer 24 of an infrared and / or ultraviolet absorbing material is arranged.
  • This material may, for example, be a plastic coated with silver, wherein in an alternative embodiment this coating may also be applied directly to one of the glass layers 12, 14.
  • the plastic layers 16 are used in particular to stabilize the glass layers 12, 14, so that splinter formation is prevented in the event of breakage.
  • an optically active element 18 and corresponding electrodes 20, 22 are embedded in the interior of the disk 10.
  • the transparent electrodes 20, 22 are made of indium tin oxide, which is applied to a PET carrier film.
  • the electrodes 20, 22 are connected to a conventional voltage source, not shown, so that the electrodes have a
  • Form plate capacitor which forms a homogeneous electric field between the two plates with appropriate voltage application, the field lines are substantially normal to the electrodes 20, 22 extend.
  • the formed as SPD (suspended particles device) film unit of the optically active element 18 and the electrodes 20, 22 is sandwiched between two parallel plastic layers 16 of the disc 10 and additionally has as edge protection a SPD foil to the edges towards shielding frame of a further plastic layer 16 of ethylene vinyl acetate.
  • the optically active element 18 contains a particle suspension of anisotropically shaped, electrically charged particles. If no field is present at the electrodes 20, 22, the particles are randomly oriented and block the passage of light through the optically active element 18. By applying a field to the electrode 20, 22, the particles align themselves along the field lines, whereby a large part of the area of the optically active element 18 is released for the passage of light - the element is transparent or at least partially transparent.
  • the switching speed of the optically active element 18 is of the
  • the anisotropic particles react only slowly to changes in the field. This is essentially due to the temperature dependence of the viscosity of the matrix surrounding the particles. At cold ambient temperatures, it may therefore happen that the optically active element 18 does not respond to control commands to the desired extent.
  • the electrodes 20, 22 are connected to further current sources 26, 28, via which the electrodes 20, 22 can each be energized independently of the other electrode.
  • the voltage sources 26, 28 thereby contact the opposite end faces 30, 32 of a respective electrode.
  • the current flowing through the electrode surface leads to a resistance heating of the electrodes 20, 22, whereby also the optically active element 18 is heated. This ensures that the optically active element 18 has fast switching times at low outside temperatures, so that the desired optical effect can be achieved.
  • the voltage sources 26, 28 can be used as a function of measured values of a
  • Temperature sensor can be switched directly on the optically active element 18, outside the vehicle or in a surface of the disc. If a threshold temperature is reached, the heating of the optically active element 18 is activated. At low outside temperatures, this can for example also be done automatically when starting the vehicle or combined with the preheating of the vehicle by a heater, so that the desired properties of the disc 10 are guaranteed at the beginning of driving.
  • heating the electrodes 20, 22 can also be a flat heating of the disc 10 itself can be achieved. This can be used to reduce heat loss through the disk 10 as well as to prevent fogging or rusting of the disk 10.
  • the plastic layer 24 which consists of an infrared and / or ultraviolet absorbing material, are energized. This layer serves primarily to prevent damage to the optically active element 18.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a disc (10) for a motor vehicle, comprising at least one optically active switchable element (18), in particular made of an electrochromic material to which an electric field can be applied by means of two associated electrodes (20, 22) in order to change an optical property of the element (20, 22), wherein at least one sub-region of the disc can be supplied with current in order to heat the optically active element (18).

Description

Scheibe mit optisch aktivem Element und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solchen Scheibe  Disc with optically active element and method for operating such a disc
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Scheibe für einen Kraftwagen mit wenigstens einem optisch aktiven, schaltbaren Element nach dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1 sowie ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solchen Scheibe nach dem Oberbegriff von The invention relates to a disc for a motor vehicle with at least one optically active, switchable element according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a method for operating such a disc according to the preamble of
Patentanspruch 6. Claim 6.
Scheiben mit optisch aktiven, schaltbaren Elementen aus elektrochromen Materialien sind auch als„intelligente Gläser" allgemein bekannt. Ein Verfahren zum Herstellen solcher Scheiben ist beispielsweise in der WO 2005/102688 A2 offenbart. Solche Scheiben umfassen eine dünne Schicht einer Suspension anisotroper Partikel. In ihrem Disks with optically active, switchable elements made of electrochromic materials are also generally known as "intelligent glasses." A process for producing such wafers is disclosed, for example, in WO 2005/102688 A2, which comprises a thin layer of anisotropic particle suspension
Normalzustand sind die Partikel zufällig ausgerichtet und blockieren hierdurch einen Anteil des einfallenden Lichtes. Beim Anlegen eines äußeren elektrischen oder magnetischen Feldes werden die Partikel ausgerichtet, wodurch in der Regel ihr flächenmäßig geringstes Profil in Richtung des einfallenden Lichtes präsentiert wird. Durch Anlegen des Feldes wird die Scheibe also transparent. Normal state, the particles are randomly aligned and thereby block a portion of the incident light. When an external electric or magnetic field is applied, the particles are aligned, as a result of which their smallest profile in terms of area is usually presented in the direction of the incident light. By creating the field, the disc is transparent.
Solche Scheiben finden zunehmend Anwendung in Kraftwagen, um dort den Lichteinfall durch Panoramadächer, Scheiben und ähnliche Glaselemente an die Such discs are increasingly used in motor vehicles, there to the incidence of light through panoramic roofs, windows and similar glass elements to the
Umgebungsbedingungen und die Wünsche des Fahrers anpassen zu können. Da die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit bekannter elektrochromer Materialen bei einer Änderung des angelegten äußeren Feldes in der Regel eine Funktion der Temperatur ist, können solche Scheiben bei der Verwendung im Kraftwagen durch die dort auftretenden extremen Umweltbedingungen in ihrer Funktionsfähigkeit beeinträchtigt sein. Insbesondere bei besonders tiefen Außentemperaturen reagieren bekannte elektrochrome Materialen verzögert, so dass Schaltvorgänge von transparenter zu intransparenter Scheibe und umgekehrt eine unerwünscht lange Zeit benötigen. To be able to adapt environmental conditions and the wishes of the driver. Since the reaction rate of known electrochromic materials with a change in the applied external field is usually a function of temperature, such discs may be impaired in their use in the car due to the extreme environmental conditions occurring there. In particular, at particularly low outside temperatures known electrochromic materials react delayed, so that switching operations from transparent to opaque disc and vice versa require an undesirably long time.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Scheibe nach dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1 sowie ein Verfahren nach dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 8 bereitzustellen, die eine schnelle Schaltzeit der Scheibe auch bei tiefen Außentemperaturen gewährleisten. The present invention is therefore based on the object, a disc according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method according to the preamble of To provide claim 8, which ensure a fast switching time of the disc even at low outdoor temperatures.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Scheibe mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 8 gelöst. Eine solche Scheibe für einen Kraftwagen umfasst wenigstens ein optisch aktives, schaltbares Element, insbesondere aus einem elektrochromen Material, welches mittels zweier zugeordneter Elektroden zur Änderung einer optischen Eigenschaft des Elements mit einem elektrischen Feld beaufschlagbar ist. Üblicherweise ist ein solches optisch aktives Element als eine in der Scheibe angeordnete flächige Schicht ausgebildet, die beidseitig von Elektroden flankiert wird, die nach Art eines Plattenkondensators wirken und zwischen sich - also im Bereich des optisch aktiven Elements - ein homogenes elektrisches Feld mit parallelen, zur Elektrodenoberfläche flächennormalen Feldlinien erzeugen. This object is achieved by a disc having the features of patent claim 1 and by a method having the features of patent claim 8. Such a disk for a motor vehicle comprises at least one optically active, switchable element, in particular of an electrochromic material, which can be acted on by means of two associated electrodes for changing an optical property of the element with an electric field. Typically, such an optically active element is formed as a flat layer arranged in the disc, which is flanked on both sides by electrodes which act in the manner of a plate capacitor and between them - ie in the region of the optically active element - a homogeneous electric field with parallel, to Produce electrode surface area normal field lines.
Erfindungsgemäß ist zumindest ein Teilbereich der Scheibe aus einem Verbund material mit mehreren Schichten zum Beheizen des optisch aktiven Elements bestrombar. Durch die Bestromung wird aufgrund des ohmschen Widerstandes in der Schicht Wärme erzeugt, die auch zu einer Erwärmung des optisch aktiven Elements führt. Hierdurch können auch bei tiefen Außentemperaturen schnelle Schaltzeiten des durch die  According to the invention, at least a portion of the disc of a composite material with a plurality of layers for heating the optically active element can be energized. Due to the current flow, heat is generated in the layer due to the ohmic resistance, which also leads to a heating of the optically active element. As a result, even at low outside temperatures fast switching times of the
Bestromung vorgewärmten optisch aktiven Elements realisiert werden. Energizing preheated optically active element can be realized.
Mit Vorteil ist vorgesehen, dass zumindest eine der Elektroden unabhängig von der jeweils anderen Elektrode zum Beheizen des optisch aktiven Elements bestrombar ist. Aufgrund des ohmschen Widerstandes der Elektrode entsteht durch die Bestromung Wärme, welche die Elektrode selbst und ihren unmittelbaren Nahbereich, also auch das optisch aktive Element, beheizt. It is advantageously provided that at least one of the electrodes can be energized independently of the respective other electrode for heating the optically active element. Due to the ohmic resistance of the electrode, heat is generated by the energization, which heats the electrode itself and its immediate vicinity, ie also the optically active element.
Vorzugsweise ist die Scheibe als laminierte Verbundglasscheibe mit einer äußeren Glasschicht wenigstens einer Kunststoffschicht, insbesondere aus Ethylenvinylacetat (EVA) und einer inneren Glasschicht ausgebildet. Die zwischen den beiden Glasschichten laminierte Kunststoffschicht wirkt dabei als Splitterschutz und hält die Glasschichten auch bei Bruchereignissen zusammen, so dass beispielsweise bei einem Unfall die Gefährdung für Fahrzeuginsassen durch Glassplitter verglichen mit einfachen Glasscheiben reduziert ist. Die Glasscheiben selbst können ebenfalls zur Verbesserung des Splitterschutzes thermisch vorgespannt sein. Die Kunststoffschichten können in gleicher Weise auch aus Polyvinylbutyral (PVB) oder aus Polyurenthan (PU) bestehen. The pane is preferably designed as a laminated laminated glass pane with an outer glass layer of at least one plastic layer, in particular of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and an inner glass layer. The laminated between the two layers of glass plastic layer acts as splinter protection and keeps the glass layers together even at break events, so that for example in an accident, the risk to vehicle occupants is reduced by broken glass compared with simple glass. The glass sheets themselves may also be thermally biased to improve splinter protection. The plastic layers can also consist of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polyurethane (PU) in the same way.
Vorzugsweise sind das optisch aktive Element und die zugeordneten Elektroden zwischen zwei Kunststoffschichten eingebettet. Das optisch aktive Element wird so zum Bestandteil der Splitterschutzschicht des Sicherheitsglases. Preferably, the optically active element and the associated electrodes are embedded between two plastic layers. The optically active element is thus part of the shatter protective layer of the safety glass.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst eine solche Verbundglasscheibe wenigstens eine Schicht aus einem Infrarot- und/oder Ultraviolett- absorbierenden Material, welche zwischen dem optisch aktiven Element und der in Einbaulage der Scheibe äußeren Glasschicht angeordnet ist. Eine solche Schicht kann das optisch aktive Element vor Beschädigungen durch starke Lichteinstrahlung, beispielsweise durch Ausbleichen oder Versprödung, schützen. In a preferred embodiment, such a laminated glass pane comprises at least one layer of an infrared and / or ultraviolet absorbing material, which is arranged between the optically active element and the outer glass layer in the installed position of the pane. Such a layer can protect the optically active element from damage caused by strong exposure to light, for example by fading or embrittlement.
Weiter mit Vorteil kann auch die Schicht aus einem IR- und/oder UV-absorbierenden Material zum Beheizen des optisch aktiven Elements bestrombar sein. Gegebenenfalls können in diese Schichten elektrisch leitende Partikel mit einem geeigneten ohmschen Widerstand zur Realisierung der Bestrombarkeit eingebettet werden. Further advantageously, the layer of an IR- and / or UV-absorbing material for heating the optically active element can be energized. Optionally, electrically conductive particles with a suitable ohmic resistance for realizing the power supply can be embedded in these layers.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind die Elektroden aus Indiumzinnoxid (ITO) ausgebildet. Indiumzinnoxid ist ein Halbleiter, der in dünnen In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the electrodes are formed from indium tin oxide (ITO). Indium tin oxide is a semiconductor that is thin in nature
Schichten transparent ist. Die Verwendung von Indiumzinnoxid ermöglicht somit das Einbringen von Elektroden unmittelbar in Glasscheiben, ohne dass optische Layers is transparent. The use of indium tin oxide thus allows the introduction of electrodes directly into glass panes, without optical
Beeinträchtigungen entstehen. Impairments arise.
Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Glasscheibe, bei welchem in einem ersten Betriebszustand wenigstens ein optisch aktives, schaltbares Element, insbesondere aus einem elektrochromen Element mittels zweier zugeordneter Elektroden zur Änderung einer optischen Eigenschaft mit einem elektrischen Feld beaufschlagt wird. Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass in einem zweiten, alternativ oder gleichzeitig zum ersten Betriebszustand einnehmbaren Betriebszustand zumindest eine der Elektroden unabhängig von der jeweils anderen Elektrode zum Beheizen des optisch aktiven The invention further relates to a method for operating a glass pane, in which in a first operating state at least one optically active, switchable element, in particular of an electrochromic element by means of two associated electrodes for changing an optical property is acted upon by an electric field. According to the invention, it is provided that in a second, alternatively or simultaneously operable to the first operating state operating state at least one of the electrodes independently of the respective other electrode for heating the optically active
Elements bestromt wird. Durch die Widerstandserwärmung der Elektrode wird auch das optisch aktive, schaltbare Element erwärmt, so dass auch bei tiefen Elements is energized. Due to the resistance heating of the electrode, the optically active, switchable element is heated, so that even at low
Umgebungstemperaturen schnelle Schaltzeiten realisiert werden können. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird bei Unterschreiten einer vorgegebenen Temperatur des optisch aktiven Elements der zweite Betriebszustand aktiviert. Damit kann sichergestellt werden, dass das optisch aktive Element dann beheizt wird, wenn dessen Temperatur soweit abgesunken ist, dass hinreichend schnelle Ambient temperatures fast switching times can be realized. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, when the temperature falls below a predetermined temperature of the optically active element, the second operating state is activated. This can ensure that the optically active element is then heated when its temperature has dropped so far that sufficiently fast
Schaltvorgänge nicht mehr möglich sind. Switching operations are no longer possible.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird bei Überschreiten eines In a further embodiment of the invention is exceeded when a
Schwellenwertes für den Absolutwert einer Temperaturdifferenz zwischen einem Threshold value for the absolute value of a temperature difference between a
Kraftwageninnenraum und der Umgebung der zweite Betriebszustand aktiviert. Dies kann mit der so genannten Temperaturschwelle kombiniert werden. Durch die flächige Car interior and the environment of the second operating state activated. This can be combined with the so-called temperature threshold. By the flat
Beheizung der Elektrode kann so bei starken Temperaturdifferenzen zwischen Innenraum und Umgebung, insbesondere bei deutlich kälterer Umgebung, der Wärmeverlust aus dem Kraftwageninnenraum an die Umgebung minimiert werden. Die beheizte Elektrode wirkt quasi als Barriere für den Wärmefluss und dient gleichzeitig zur flächigen Beheizung der Glasscheiben zur Unterstützung der Innenraumbeheizung und zur Vermeidung von Vereisung oder Beschlagung der Glasscheiben. Heating of the electrode can be minimized with strong temperature differences between the interior and environment, especially in much colder environment, the heat loss from the car interior to the environment. The heated electrode acts as a kind of barrier to the heat flow and at the same time serves as a surface heating of the glass panes to support the interior heating and to avoid icing or fogging of the glass panes.
Im Folgenden sollen die Erfindung und ihre Ausführungsformen anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert werden. Die einzige Figur zeigt hierbei eine schematische In the following, the invention and its embodiments will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. The single figure shows a schematic
Schnittdarstellung durch ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Scheibe, bei der die Elektroden zur Aktivierung des schaltbaren Elements zusätzlich bestromt sind. Sectional view of an embodiment of a disc according to the invention, in which the electrodes for activating the switchable element are additionally energized.
Die Scheibe 10 ist als flächige, laminierte Verbundglasscheibe ausgebildet und weist dabei als äußere Schichten jeweils eine Glasschicht 12 bzw. 14 auf. Zwischen den die Scheibe 10 begrenzenden Glasschichten 12 und 14 sind in dem gezeigten The pane 10 is designed as a flat, laminated laminated glass pane and in this case has a glass layer 12 or 14 as outer layers. Between the lens 10 delimiting glass layers 12 and 14 are shown in the
Ausführungsbeispiel 4 Kunststoffschichten 16 aus Ethylenvinylacetat angeordnet. Embodiment 4 Plastic layers 16 arranged from ethylene vinyl acetate.
Zwischen zwei der Kunststoffschichten 16 ist eine weitere Kunststoffschicht 24 aus einem infrarot- und/oder ultraviolett-absorbierenden Material angeordnet. Dieses Material kann beispielsweise ein mit Silber beschichteter Kunststoff sein, wobei in einer alternativen Ausführungsform diese Beschichtung auch direkt auf einer der Glasschichten 12, 14 angebracht sein kann. Between two of the plastic layers 16, a further plastic layer 24 of an infrared and / or ultraviolet absorbing material is arranged. This material may, for example, be a plastic coated with silver, wherein in an alternative embodiment this coating may also be applied directly to one of the glass layers 12, 14.
Die Kunststoffschichten 16 dienen insbesondere der Stabilisierung der Glasschichten 12, 14, sodass im Falle eines Bruches eine Splitterbildung verhindert wird. Von den Kunststoffschichten 16 begrenzt ist ein optisch aktives Element 18 sowie entsprechende Elektroden 20, 22 im Inneren der Scheibe 10 eingebettet. The plastic layers 16 are used in particular to stabilize the glass layers 12, 14, so that splinter formation is prevented in the event of breakage. Limited by the plastic layers 16, an optically active element 18 and corresponding electrodes 20, 22 are embedded in the interior of the disk 10.
Die transparenten Elektroden 20, 22 bestehen aus Indiumzinnoxid, dass auf eine PET- Trägerfolie aufgebracht ist. Die Elektroden 20, 22 sind dabei mit einer nicht dargestellten herkömmlichen Spannungsquelle so verbunden, dass die Elektroden einen The transparent electrodes 20, 22 are made of indium tin oxide, which is applied to a PET carrier film. The electrodes 20, 22 are connected to a conventional voltage source, not shown, so that the electrodes have a
Plattenkondensator bilden, wobei sich zwischen den beiden Platten bei entsprechender Spannungsbeaufschlagung ein homogenes elektrisches Feld ausbildet, dessen Feldlinien im Wesentlichen flächennormal zu den Elektroden 20, 22 verlaufen. Form plate capacitor, which forms a homogeneous electric field between the two plates with appropriate voltage application, the field lines are substantially normal to the electrodes 20, 22 extend.
Die als SPD (suspended particles device)-Folie ausgebildete Einheit aus dem optisch aktiven Element 18 und den Elektroden 20, 22 ist zwischen zwei parallel angeordneten, flächigen Kunststoffschichten 16 der Scheibe 10 eingebettet und weist zusätzlich als Kantenschutz einen die SPD-Folie zu den Kanten hin abschirmenden Rahmen aus einer weiteren Kunststoffschicht 16 aus Ethylenvinylacetat auf. Diese Anordnung führt dazu, dass das optisch aktive Element 18 und die Elektroden 20, 22 im Inneren der Scheibe 10 angeordnet sind und damit insbesondere keiner stofflichen Beeinflussung durch die Umgebung der Scheibe unterliegen. The formed as SPD (suspended particles device) film unit of the optically active element 18 and the electrodes 20, 22 is sandwiched between two parallel plastic layers 16 of the disc 10 and additionally has as edge protection a SPD foil to the edges towards shielding frame of a further plastic layer 16 of ethylene vinyl acetate. This arrangement results in that the optically active element 18 and the electrodes 20, 22 are arranged in the interior of the pane 10 and thus in particular are not subject to any material influence by the surroundings of the pane.
Das optisch aktive Element 18 enthält eine Partikelsuspension von anisotrop geformten, elektrisch geladenen Partikeln. Liegt an den Elektroden 20, 22 kein Feld an, so sind die Partikel zufällig orientiert und blockieren den Durchtritt von Licht durch das optisch aktive Element 18. Durch das Anlegen eines Feldes an die Elektrode 20, 22 richten sich die Partikel entlang der Feldlinien aus, wodurch ein großer Teil der Fläche des optisch aktiven Elements 18 für den Lichtdurchtritt freigegeben wird - das Element wird transparent oder zumindest teiltransparent. The optically active element 18 contains a particle suspension of anisotropically shaped, electrically charged particles. If no field is present at the electrodes 20, 22, the particles are randomly oriented and block the passage of light through the optically active element 18. By applying a field to the electrode 20, 22, the particles align themselves along the field lines, whereby a large part of the area of the optically active element 18 is released for the passage of light - the element is transparent or at least partially transparent.
Die Schaltgeschwindigkeit des optisch aktiven Elements 18 ist von der The switching speed of the optically active element 18 is of the
Umgebungstemperatur abhängig. Insbesondere bei tiefen Umgebungstemperaturen reagieren die anisotropen Partikel nur langsam auf Änderungen des Feldes. Dies ist im Wesentlichen in der Temperaturabhängigkeit der Viskosität der die Partikel umgebenden Matrix begründet. Bei kalten Umgebungstemperaturen kann es daher vorkommen, dass das optisch aktive Element 18 nicht im gewünschten Maße auf Steuerbefehle reagiert. Ambient temperature dependent. Especially at low ambient temperatures, the anisotropic particles react only slowly to changes in the field. This is essentially due to the temperature dependence of the viscosity of the matrix surrounding the particles. At cold ambient temperatures, it may therefore happen that the optically active element 18 does not respond to control commands to the desired extent.
Um diesem Problem zu begegnen, sind die Elektroden 20, 22 mit weiteren Stromquellen 26, 28 verbunden, über welche die Elektroden 20, 22 jeweils unabhängig von der anderen Elektrode bestromt werden können. Die Spannungsquellen 26, 28 kontaktieren dabei die jeweils gegenüberliegenden Stirnseiten 30, 32 einer jeweiligen Elektrode. Der durch die Elektrodenfläche fließende Strom führt zu einer Widerstandserwärmung der Elektroden 20, 22, wodurch auch das optisch aktive Element 18 aufgeheizt wird. Hierdurch wird sichergestellt, dass das optisch aktive Element 18 bei tiefen Außentemperaturen schnelle Schaltzeiten aufweist, so dass der gewünschte optische Effekt erzielt werden kann. Die Spannungsquellen 26, 28 können dabei in Abhängigkeit von Messwerten eines To counteract this problem, the electrodes 20, 22 are connected to further current sources 26, 28, via which the electrodes 20, 22 can each be energized independently of the other electrode. The voltage sources 26, 28 thereby contact the opposite end faces 30, 32 of a respective electrode. The current flowing through the electrode surface leads to a resistance heating of the electrodes 20, 22, whereby also the optically active element 18 is heated. This ensures that the optically active element 18 has fast switching times at low outside temperatures, so that the desired optical effect can be achieved. The voltage sources 26, 28 can be used as a function of measured values of a
Temperatursensors unmittelbar am optisch aktiven Element 18, außerhalb des Fahrzeugs oder in einer Oberfläche der Scheibe geschaltet werden. Wird eine Schwellentemperatur unterschritten, so wird die Beheizung des optisch aktiven Elements 18 aktiviert. Bei tiefen Außentemperaturen kann dies beispielsweise auch automatisch beim Starten des Fahrzeugs geschehen oder mit der Vorwärmung des Fahrzeugs durch eine Standheizung kombiniert werden, so dass bei Beginn des Fahrbetriebs die gewünschten Eigenschaften der Scheibe 10 gewährleistet sind. Temperature sensor can be switched directly on the optically active element 18, outside the vehicle or in a surface of the disc. If a threshold temperature is reached, the heating of the optically active element 18 is activated. At low outside temperatures, this can for example also be done automatically when starting the vehicle or combined with the preheating of the vehicle by a heater, so that the desired properties of the disc 10 are guaranteed at the beginning of driving.
Durch die Beheizung der Elektroden 20, 22 kann zudem eine flächige Beheizung der Scheibe 10 selbst erzielt werden. Dies kann verwendet werden, um den Wärmeverlust durch die Scheibe 10 zu reduzieren, sowie um ein Beschlagen oder Befrosten der Scheibe 10 zu verhindern. By heating the electrodes 20, 22 can also be a flat heating of the disc 10 itself can be achieved. This can be used to reduce heat loss through the disk 10 as well as to prevent fogging or rusting of the disk 10.
In nicht dargestellter Weise könnte zum Beheizen des optisch aktiven Elements 18 auch die Kunststoffschicht 24, die aus einem infrarot- und/oder ultraviolett absorbierenden Material besteht, bestromt werden. Diese Schicht dient primär der Verhinderung einer Beschädigung des optisch aktiven Elements 18. In a manner not shown could be for energizing the optically active element 18, the plastic layer 24, which consists of an infrared and / or ultraviolet absorbing material, are energized. This layer serves primarily to prevent damage to the optically active element 18.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Scheibe (10) für einen Kraftwagen, mit wenigstens einem optisch aktiven, A disc (10) for a motor vehicle, having at least one optically active,
schaltbaren Element (18), insbesondere aus einem elektrochromen Material, welches mittels zweier zugeordneter Elektroden (20, 22) zur Änderung einer optischen Eigenschaft des Elements (20, 22) mit einem elektrischen Feld beaufschlagbar ist,  switchable element (18), in particular of an electrochromic material, which can be acted on by means of two associated electrodes (20, 22) for changing an optical property of the element (20, 22) with an electric field,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
zumindest ein Teilbereich der Scheibe (10) zum Beheizen des optisch aktiven Elements (18) bestrombar ist.  at least a portion of the disc (10) for heating the optically active element (18) can be energized.
2. Scheibe nach Anspruch 1 , 2. Disc according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet dass,  characterized in that
zumindest eine der Elektroden (20,22) unabhängig von der jeweils anderen Elektrode bestrombar ist.  at least one of the electrodes (20,22) is energized independently of the respective other electrode.
3. Scheibe (10) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, 3. disc (10) according to claim 1 or 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
die Scheibe (10) als laminierte Verbundglasscheibe mit einer äußeren Glasschicht (12), wenigstens einer Kunststoffschicht (16), insbesondere aus Ethylenvinylacetat (EVA), und einer inneren Glasschicht (14) ausgebildet ist.  the pane (10) is formed as a laminated laminated glass pane having an outer glass layer (12), at least one plastic layer (16), in particular ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), and an inner glass layer (14).
4. Scheibe (10) nach Anspruch 3, 4. disc (10) according to claim 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
das optisch aktive Element (18) und die zugeordneten Elektroden (20, 22) zwischen zwei Kunststoffschichten (16) eingebettet sind.  the optically active element (18) and the associated electrodes (20, 22) are embedded between two plastic layers (16).
5. Scheibe (10) nach Anspruch 4, 5. Disc (10) according to claim 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
die Verbundglasscheibe (10) wenigstens eine Schicht (24) aus einem IR- und/oder UV-absorbierenden Material umfasst, welche zwischen dem optisch aktiven the laminated glass pane (10) at least one layer (24) of an IR and / or UV absorbing material which is between the optically active
Element (18) und der äußeren Glasschicht (12) angeordnet ist.  Element (18) and the outer glass layer (12) is arranged.
6. Scheibe nach Anspruch 5, 6. Disc according to claim 5,
dadurch gekennzeichent, dass  characterized in that
die Schicht (24) aus einem IR- und/oder UV-absorbierenden Material bestrombar ist.  the layer (24) can be supplied with current from an IR- and / or UV-absorbing material.
7. Scheibe (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, 7. disc (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
die Elektroden (20, 22) aus Indiumzinnoxid (ITO) ausgebildet sind.  the electrodes (20, 22) are formed from indium tin oxide (ITO).
8. Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Scheibe (10), bei welchem in einem ersten 8. A method for operating a disc (10), wherein in a first
Betriebszustand wenigstens ein optisch aktives, schaltbares Element (18), insbesondere aus einem elektrochromen Material, mittels zweier zugeordneter Elektroden (20, 22) zur Änderung einer optischen Eigenschaft des Elements (18) mit einem elektrischen Feld beaufschlagt wird,  Operating state at least one optically active, switchable element (18), in particular of an electrochromic material, by means of two associated electrodes (20, 22) is applied to change an optical property of the element (18) with an electric field,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
in einem zweiten, alternativ oder gleichzeitig zum ersten Betriebszustand  in a second, alternative or simultaneous to the first operating state
einnehmbaren Betriebszustand zumindest eine der Elektroden (20, 22) unabhängig von der jeweils anderen Elektrode (20, 22) zum Beheizen des optisch aktiven Elements (18) bestromt wird.  at least one of the electrodes (20, 22) is energized independently of the respective other electrode (20, 22) for heating the optically active element (18).
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, 9. The method according to claim 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
bei Unterschreiten einer vorgegebenen Temperatur des optisch aktiven Elements (18) der zweite Betriebszustand aktiviert wird.  falls below a predetermined temperature of the optically active element (18), the second operating state is activated.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, 10. The method according to claim 8 or 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
bei Überschreiten eines Schwellenwertes für den Absolutwert einer  when a threshold value for the absolute value of a
Temperaturdifferenz zwischen einem Kraftwageninnenraum und der Umgebung der zweite Betriebszustand aktiviert wird.  Temperature difference between a car interior and the environment of the second operating state is activated.
PCT/EP2011/004986 2010-10-09 2011-10-06 Disc with optically active element, and method for operating such a disc WO2012045456A1 (en)

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