WO2012038319A2 - Composite stratifié pour générer de l'énergie électrique à partir de lumière - Google Patents

Composite stratifié pour générer de l'énergie électrique à partir de lumière Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012038319A2
WO2012038319A2 PCT/EP2011/066010 EP2011066010W WO2012038319A2 WO 2012038319 A2 WO2012038319 A2 WO 2012038319A2 EP 2011066010 W EP2011066010 W EP 2011066010W WO 2012038319 A2 WO2012038319 A2 WO 2012038319A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
spectral range
layer
visible spectral
solar cell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/066010
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2012038319A3 (fr
Inventor
Arvid Hunze
Florian Jakubka
Ralf Krause
Frank Steinbacher
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2012038319A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012038319A2/fr
Publication of WO2012038319A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012038319A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/055—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means where light is absorbed and re-emitted at a different wavelength by the optical element directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. by using luminescent material, fluorescent concentrators or up-conversion arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite layer, a module, a mixture of substances and a method for generating electrical energy from light.
  • solar cells have a relatively high efficiency, but are not transparent in the visible spectral range of sunlight, which limits their use and attacksmög ⁇ possibilities.
  • the most effective possible land use of individual solar cells is required, which precludes transparency of the solar cell modules.
  • the most commonly used base materials of solar cells for example cadmium tellurite, are transparent in the infrared, but not in the visible range. Accordingly, solar cells can not be used in applications where at least partial transparency is desired, such as automobile windows or building-integrated glass surfaces.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to provide means which considerably enhance the flexibility and the range of use of solar cells, are simple and inexpensive to manufacture and provide a substantially optical Trans ⁇ transparency in the visible spectrum without significant discoloration.
  • This object is achieved by a layer composite, umfas ⁇ send at least two layers in the form of a trap layer and a substrate, wherein the at least two layers in the visible spectral region are formed substantially transparent in at least one direction, and wherein at least one layer, in particular the trap layer, is formed in such a ⁇ out to absorb the incident sun trap ⁇ light with at least one wavelength in at least one ers ⁇ th, non-visible spectral range and, preferably isotropic, with at least one wavelength re ⁇ at least ⁇ at least a second, non-visible spectral range.
  • module for generating electrical energy from light ⁇ shear, especially sunlight comprising:
  • the object is also achieved by methods for generating electrical energy from light,
  • the object is likewise achieved by a substance mixture comprising at least one absorber substance and at least one emitter substance, wherein the absorber substance is designed to absorb light with at least one wavelength in at least a first, non-visible spectral region and wherein the emitter material is formed preferably isotropic, with at least one wavelength in at least a second, non-visible spectral range to reemit the absorbed light.
  • non-visible portions of the spectrum are additionally available for conversion into electrical energy through a solar cell, which increases their efficiency.
  • a second non-visible spectral range which is particularly isotropic
  • This also ensures the optical transparency in the direction of the incident light. So this module enables a Tren ⁇ voltage of the "collection" of the incident light and the Solarzel le in.
  • the substrate is additionally ensures ent ⁇ speaking light guiding the emitted light to the solar cell.
  • a solar module be ⁇ riding provided which having optical transparency in the visible Be ⁇ rich and simultaneously uses non-visible portions of the spectrum of sunlight effectively.
  • the first non-visible spectral range comprises an ultra-violet spectral range and the second non-visible spectral range comprises an ultra-violet and / or infrared spectral range.
  • the trap layer a high Sto kes-shift, in particular more than 200 nm and preference ⁇ example more than 400 nm.
  • the advantage here is that this re-absorption of the emitted light in the essential is prevented. This increases the efficiency of a solar cell connected to the layer composite.
  • the capture layer contains an organic matter and / or a polymer and / or a dye.
  • organic substances, polymers or dyes are easily and inexpensively available, have a relatively large Stokes shift and have a nearly 100% photoluminescence quantum yield.
  • they are stable under UV radiation, which means that they do not decompose over time due to exposure to sunlight, which has a disadvantageous effect on the lifetime of the capture layer and thus also on the layer composite.
  • the capture layer contains at least two different, in particular organic, substances which cooperate to form a common energy transfer cascade for absorbing and re-emitting light.
  • the achieved advantage is that thus more cost-effective Ma ⁇ terialien be provided for the trap layer is available, instead of a single expensive material to ensure the absorption in the first and subsequent re-emission in the second non-visible spectral range.
  • the trap layer is adapted so that an energy transfer energy transfer cascade We ⁇ sentlichen radiation, preferably by means of Förster and / or Dexter transfer.
  • the advantage achieved here is that a low-radiation transfer of energy in the energy transfer cascade can be carried out efficiently since reabsorption or radiation losses are reduced overall.
  • Layer composite and solar cell are arranged to each other, so that in a first direction, the module is transparent in the visible spectral range and light in ⁇ at least a second, non-visible spectral range in a second direction on the at least one solar cell on ⁇ strikes.
  • a high optical transparency in the visible region of the spectrum ⁇ ren of the module is ensured in one direction.
  • the flexibility of the Mo ⁇ duls is considerably increased.
  • the module preferably the substrate, is designed for total reflection of light in at least one non-visible spectral region of the spectrum.
  • the module is designed for total reflection of light in at least one non-visible spectral region of the spectrum.
  • the second, non-visible spectral range ⁇ and the absorption range of the solar cell are such overlapping, so that an optimum efficiency of the Solarzel ⁇ le is achieved.
  • the overlapping ensures that the re-emitted light as little as possible from the optimal wavelength is different at the end of de Energytransferkaska ⁇ for the efficiency of the solar cell. In this way, the efficiency of the solar cell is improved.
  • the substrate is at least partially designed as a glass pane and the at least one solar cell is arranged on a longitudinal and / or transverse edge of the glass pane.
  • a visibly transparent substrate is made available in the visible range.
  • the arrangement of the solar cells at the transverse and / or longitudinal edges of the glass do not affect them the optical transparency of the glass pane.
  • the light is transmitted by the total reflection above the glass effi ⁇ cient and inexpensive to the solar cell.
  • the layer composite in particular the capture ⁇ layer, for example, consist of one or more absorber and / or reemit materials, which are also referred to as matrix or dopants.
  • the matrix may be formed as ⁇ at such that it absorbs light in the UV range.
  • the dopants are then used, for example, to initiate egg ⁇ ne energy transfer cascade to convert the absorbed light in the ultra-violet region into light in an infrared region, in turn, outside the visible spectral range by means of a re-emission.
  • the matrix of the composite multilayer in particular the capture layer ⁇ , it may include the following molecules:
  • TPBi 2, 2 ', 2' '- (1, 3, 5-Benzyltriyl) tris (1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole)] with an absorption wavelength of 305nm
  • TcTa [4, 4 ', 4' '- tris (carbazol-9-yl) triphenylamine] with absorption wavelengths of 293nm and 326nm
  • TAPC [di- [4- (N, N-ditolylamino) -phenyl] cyclohexanel having an absorption wavelength of 305 nm
  • NPB [ ⁇ , ⁇ '-Bis (naphthalen-l-yl) - ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis (phenyl) benzidine] with an absorption wavelength of 339nm
  • TPD [ ⁇ , ⁇ 'bis (3-methylphenyl) - ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis (phenyl) benzidine] with an absorption wavelength of 352nm
  • BCzVBi 4, 4'-bis (9-ethyl-3-carbazovinylene) -1-1'-biphenyl] with a photoluminescence of 438 nm and 459 nm
  • DCM2 [4- (dicyanomethylene) -2-methyl-6-ulolidyl-9-enyl-4H-pyran] with a photoluminescence of 605nm
  • DCJTB [4- (dicyanomethylene) -2-tert-butyl-6- (1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-lololidin-4-yl-vinyl) -4H-pyran] with a photoluminescence of 602nm
  • FIr6 bis (2,4-difluorophenylpyridinato) tetrakis (1-pyrazolyl) borate iridium III] with a photoluminescence of 461nm and 490nm
  • Ir (piq) 3 tris (1-phenylisoquinoline) iridium (I I)] with a Photoluminescence of 615nm
  • the matrix used is TcTA and as dopant DCM2.
  • Polymers such as PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate), Pedot (poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)), PANI (polyaniline), PVK (polyvinylcarbazole), polythiophenes, polycarbonates, etc., can furthermore be used as matrix materials.
  • the dopants within the energy transfer cascade may be in low concentration, that is, absorbs very little light in the visible region, so that a total egg ⁇ ne high transparency of the laminate is given. ⁇ same time a high quantum efficiency is possible due to the low concentration of the dopant, since additional extinction ⁇ processes are avoided at higher concentrations.
  • FIG. 1 shows a module according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows an energy transfer cascade with a capture layer of a module according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. Fig. 1 shows a module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • reference character M denotes a module according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the module M is shown in cross section.
  • the M environmentally module comprises a glass plate as the substrate 2, wherein a trap layer 1 is disposed on the upper side ⁇ . 1 S solar cells are arranged on the Quersei ⁇ K th of the glass sheet 2 or to the glass pane 2 on the arrival parent trap layer 1 on the left and right in Fig..
  • S solar cells are arranged on the Quersei ⁇ K th of the glass sheet 2 or to the glass pane 2 on the arrival parent trap layer 1 on the left and right in Fig..
  • L s When light falls L from above of the trap layer 1 of the module M, a, this includes both egg ⁇ NEN visible light component L s and a non-visible light component L NS.
  • the visible light L s passes through the capture layer 1 and the substrate 2 unhindered and exits on the underside of the glass pane 2 again.
  • the non-visible light L NS with at least one of several ⁇ ren wavelengths in the invisible spectral range is in the trap layer 1 absorbs (wavelength 10) in an organic molecule 20.
  • the molecule 20 re-emits the absor ⁇ Bêt light in the form of ultra- violet radiation (wavelength 11 ') and / or infrared radiation (wavelength 11).
  • the reemission is essentially isotropic.
  • the module M in one direction Ri (in FIG. 1 in the vertical direction) is optically transparent in the visible range of the incident light L.
  • the module M is in a second direction R 2 , ie in the horizontal direction according to FIG. not transparent.
  • the non-visible light ⁇ L NS absorbers by means of the trap layer 1 biert and totally reflected by means of the glass pane 2, so that this finally strikes a solar cell S.
  • FIG. 2 shows an energy transfer cascade with a capture layer according to the embodiment of FIG. 1 of the present invention.
  • ultra-violet light is incident having a wavelength 10 of a first organic molecule 100.
  • the first organic see molecule 100 has a ground state level N G ⁇ and at least one excitation level N A on.
  • the first organic molecule 100 is absorbed in an absorption process Ai is the ⁇ irradiated ultra-violet light of wavelength 10 and goes on as ⁇ through into the excited state by excitation level N A.
  • a first energy transfer egg to the second organic molecule 110 which is obtained by the transfer of energy Ei from its ground state to its N G excitation state ⁇ N A is lifted.
  • the excitation level N A of the second organic molecule 110 is below the excitation level N A of the first organic molecule 100.
  • a third organic molecule 120 is angeho- from its ground state level ⁇ N G in its excited state with level N A ben by means of the excitation process A3.
  • the excitation level N A of the third organic molecule 120 is below the excitation level N A of the second organic molecule 110.
  • the thickness of the trap layer 1 is usually Zvi rule ⁇ 100 mm and 2 ⁇ , ⁇ particular between 50 mm and 10 degrees. Furthermore, it is possible to increase the efficiency and to mirror suitable transverse, longitudinal and / or other surfaces, for example by means of metal vapor deposition.
  • the capture layer 1 can be applied to the substrate, for example by sloate coating, knife coating or spin coating.
  • the present invention has the advantage that one can use transparent, in particular flexible, ie flexible surfaces, such as windows, glass panes, etc., to convert solar energy into electrical energy ⁇ , without affecting their transparency.
  • the invention provides improved utilization of a ⁇ falling light.
  • the invention absorbs harmful UVA and / or UVB radiation for the skin of a human, so that the risk of melanoma is reduced by the absorption in the layer composite.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un composite stratifié comprenant au moins deux couches sous la forme d'une couche d'absorption et d'un substrat, ces deux couches étant conçues sensiblement transparentes dans la partie visible du spectre dans au moins un sens et au moins une couche, en particulier la couche d'absorption, étant conçue de manière à absorber la lumière solaire incidente sur la couche d'absorption avec au moins une longueur d'onde dans au moins une première partie non visible du spectre et à la réémettre, de préférence de manière isotrope, avec au moins une longueur d'onde dans au moins une deuxième partie non visible du spectre. L'invention concerne également un module correspondant, un procédé correspondant ainsi qu'un mélange de matières correspondant.
PCT/EP2011/066010 2010-09-20 2011-09-15 Composite stratifié pour générer de l'énergie électrique à partir de lumière WO2012038319A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010041060.8 2010-09-20
DE201010041060 DE102010041060A1 (de) 2010-09-20 2010-09-20 Schichtverbund zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie aus Licht

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012038319A2 true WO2012038319A2 (fr) 2012-03-29
WO2012038319A3 WO2012038319A3 (fr) 2012-10-18

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DE (1) DE102010041060A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012038319A2 (fr)

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DE102013209710A1 (de) * 2013-05-24 2014-11-27 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verbindbares Farbstoffsolarmodul, Array aus verbindbaren Farbstoffsolarmodulen und Verfahren zur Herstellung des Arrays

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FR2246078B1 (fr) * 1973-06-15 1978-03-17 Rech Innov Conv Bric Bureau
US4329535A (en) * 1978-05-03 1982-05-11 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Solar cells and collector structures
US20070137696A1 (en) * 2005-12-21 2007-06-21 Hans-Joachim Krokoszinski Solar panels, methods of manufacture thereof and articles comprising the same
DE102006062448A1 (de) * 2006-12-28 2008-07-10 Schott Ag Photovoltaik-Modul
TW200847452A (en) * 2007-05-23 2008-12-01 Wang yong qi Photovoltaic cell and its red light conversion layer
DE102008010012A1 (de) * 2007-06-01 2008-12-04 Solartec Ag Photovoltaik-Vorrichtung mit mindestens einem mindestens eine Lichtumwandlerschicht aufweisenden optischen Element
EP2203943A4 (fr) * 2007-10-12 2015-10-14 Omnipv Inc Modules solaires à rendement amélioré grâce à l'utilisation de concentrateurs spectraux
DE102008006955B4 (de) * 2008-01-31 2010-07-22 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Herstellung und Applikationen multifunktionaler optischer Module zur photovoltaischen Stromerzeugung und für Beleuchtungszwecke
WO2010022191A2 (fr) * 2008-08-19 2010-02-25 Battelle Memorial Institute Complexes organiques-inorganiques contenant un nanoagrégat de métal des terres rares luminescent et un ligand antenne, articles luminescents, et procédés de préparation de compositions luminescentes
US20100126567A1 (en) * 2008-11-21 2010-05-27 Lightwave Power, Inc. Surface plasmon energy conversion device
US20100139749A1 (en) * 2009-01-22 2010-06-10 Covalent Solar, Inc. Solar concentrators and materials for use therein

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Publication number Publication date
DE102010041060A1 (de) 2012-03-22
WO2012038319A3 (fr) 2012-10-18

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