WO2012038072A1 - Dispositif à contre-courant pour la récupération dans des systèmes de filtres à particules - Google Patents
Dispositif à contre-courant pour la récupération dans des systèmes de filtres à particules Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012038072A1 WO2012038072A1 PCT/EP2011/004714 EP2011004714W WO2012038072A1 WO 2012038072 A1 WO2012038072 A1 WO 2012038072A1 EP 2011004714 W EP2011004714 W EP 2011004714W WO 2012038072 A1 WO2012038072 A1 WO 2012038072A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- countercurrent
- chamber
- particulate filter
- inlet
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
- F01N3/2889—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices with heat exchangers in a single housing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0012—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the apparatus having an annular form
- F28D9/0018—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the apparatus having an annular form without any annular circulation of the heat exchange media
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
- F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a counterflow device for recuperation in particulate filter systems. Furthermore, the invention relates to a particulate filter system comprising the countercurrent device according to the invention.
- Particulate filter systems or particulate filter arrangements serve for filtering exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, for example a diesel engine, and have an inlet and an outlet with at least one particle filter arranged in the flow path.
- the particulate filter has the task of removing the soot particles present in the exhaust gases. Especially at low temperatures, it tends to clog up quickly. Therefore, it is endeavored to operate the particle filter at the highest possible temperatures to a regeneration of the soot particles stored in the filter
- Ignition temperature of the soot particles is as high as possible, even if the diesel engine is operated with only low load proportions. If the diesel engine is operated only at low load, the exhaust gas temperature remains correspondingly low in this operating state, so that the filter can not regenerate and the soot particles remain in the filter.
- the heavy loading of the filter and the gas-carrying ducts with soot leads to malfunction of the system and the engine (for example, loss of power, increased fuel consumption) and also increases the risk of fire. After some time, the motor vehicle is no longer ready for use and the filter must be replaced or cleaned consuming.
- Incorporate combustion process in the supply air for combustion for example, to preheat the intake air of an engine.
- the passive system described is a particle filter arrangement in which the ignition temperature required for the regeneration is reduced by means of heat exchange.
- use is made of a temperature gradient between the exhaust gas streams, for which purpose three sections are provided in the device described therein, through which the exhaust gases flow. Initially, the exhaust gases are directed essentially towards the outlet, later towards the inlet and thus into Returned the opposite direction, and finally led back towards the outlet.
- the exhaust system therefore takes place essentially in the manner of a degenerate "Z".
- the diesel particulate filter is arranged in one of the sections and is flowed around.
- a distribution and deflection element is provided in EP 1 801 372 A1, which leads a first exhaust gas flow coming from the inlet to the first section of the line, and deflects a second exhaust gas flow arriving from the second section of the line to the third section of the line. It is preferred to realize a star-shaped deflection, in which the various exhaust gas streams cross over without them mixing.
- Exhaust gas routing causes the distribution and diverting element to heat up and deliver heat to the colder exhaust gas.
- the inventive countercurrent device for recuperation in diesel particulate filters comprises a housing with an inner jacket and a front and a rear end face.
- the jacket can preferably be formed by a pipe or a piece of pipe (eg support tube).
- the apparatus has a front inlet for cold exhaust gas and a rear inlet for warm exhaust gas and at least two juxtaposed countercurrent chambers, in which the exhaust gases via a Contact surface without mixing be passed to each other, creating a
- each countercurrent chamber has at least one
- a gas-tight partition wall is provided for gas-tight separation of the front exhaust gas chamber, which receives the cold exhaust gas via the front inlet, from the rear exhaust chamber into which flows the warm exhaust gas of the rear inlet. Furthermore, the device has an outlet opening for the cold exhaust gas and at least one outlet opening for the warm exhaust gas at the housing.
- the countercurrent chambers are arranged axially around the housing. This results in several countercurrent chambers, which have contact surfaces for the heat exchange of the exhaust gas streams passing one another, whereby a maximum heat exchange can take place in a space that is less available.
- the invention leaves open the choice to design the chamber lengths and the chamber heights depending on the application profile to the contact surfaces for the
- Countercurrent heat transfer optimally adapted for the particular application. Furthermore, the efficiency can be increased by increasing the number of countercurrent chambers by creating additional contact surfaces for the heat exchange by further partitions.
- the axial arrangement of the countercurrent chambers around the housing allows a symmetrical structure, whereby the production is facilitated.
- the preferably circular cross section of the countercurrent device can be easily combined with the geometry of the main filter.
- the extended core tube of the countercurrent device as a support tube for a prefilter arranged there (eg stainless steel wire mesh, oxidation catalyst) serves. As a result, the prefilter is not only held, but is also heated for improved ignition by the hot exhaust gas inside the tube.
- the countercurrent chamber according to the invention can be constructed either in one piece or from several components.
- the structure is chosen so that the individual countercurrent chambers and sections are formed by the respective components themselves.
- Support tube or a part thereof are formed. According to the invention, it is provided that first the cold exhaust gas from the front
- Inlet flows via the passage opening into the first countercurrent chamber and leaves it again via the outlet opening.
- the warm exhaust gas is passed via the rear inlet via the passage opening in the second countercurrent chamber to the outlet opening. Since the two countercurrent chambers are adjacent to each other, a heat transfer can take place via the partition wall.
- the partition wall preferably has metallic contact surfaces in order to allow the most efficient possible heat exchange.
- the cold exhaust gas first flows from the first countercurrent chamber over the
- Diesel particulate filter and allows by the preheating easier ignition of the soot particles stored in the filter.
- the exhaust gas stream is heated and, as described above, returned to the counterflow direction.
- the passage openings for the exhaust gas streams are preferably formed on the inner jacket, the outlet openings for the cold exhaust gas and the warm exhaust gas are expediently formed on end faces of the housing.
- Countercurrent chambers are preferably formed by the jacket bottom, the end faces and the partitions.
- an oxidation catalyst which contributes to the recuperation.
- a heating element is preferably arranged in or on the oxidation catalytic converter.
- the invention further comprises a particulate filter system comprising an inlet and an outlet for exhaust gases and at least one particulate filter, wherein the particulate filter system comprises a countercurrent device according to the invention.
- an oxidation catalyst with a heating element is arranged in front of the particle filter.
- the warm exhaust stream flowing out of the countercurrent chamber of the counterflow device is directed to the outlet via an outer chamber along the particulate filter.
- Fig. 1 is an isometric view of the counterflow device according to the invention
- Fig. 2 is a particulate filter system consisting of a particulate filter and a
- Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a
- a countercurrent device 1 In Fig. 1, an embodiment of a countercurrent device 1 according to the invention is shown. This consists of a housing 10 with a front end face 26 and a rear end face 25.
- the cold exhaust gas 16 is passed through an inlet 11 into a front exhaust chamber 27.
- a plurality of countercurrent chambers 21, 23 separated from each other by partition walls 13 are arranged axially around the central support tube.
- the cold exhaust gas stream 16 is first conducted from the front exhaust chamber 27 via an opening 18, which is located in the jacket 14, upwards into the first countercurrent chamber 21.
- This has at the rear end face 25 a further outlet opening 24 for the passed exhaust gas flow. This one is about the
- Partition wall 15 separated from each other.
- Fig. 2 an inventive particulate filter system is shown, in which in the front section, the countercurrent device 1 according to the invention before a
- Oxidation catalyst 30 and a diesel particulate filter 33 is arranged.
- the cold exhaust gas stream 16 is first conducted via the inlet 11 into the front exhaust chamber 27 of the countercurrent device 1 and reaches there via the passage opening 18 upwards into the first countercurrent chamber 21, which leaves the exhaust gas flow via the outlet opening 24 again.
- the exhaust stream is then passed through the oxidation catalyst 30 to the diesel particulate filter 33.
- the embodiment shown is in the
- the warm exhaust gas flow 17 passes via the rear exhaust chamber 22 from the inner portion via the passage opening 20 upwards in the other
- Countercurrent chamber 23 The countercurrent chamber 21 for the cold exhaust gas stream 16 and the countercurrent chamber 23 for the warm exhaust gas stream 17 are separated from each other via the partition wall 13. About the partition 13, the heat exchange takes place in
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the particle filter system according to the invention. From a motor 40, the exhaust gas 16 passes through the inlet 11 to the first countercurrent chamber 21 and leaves it via outlet openings 24 to
- the exhaust gas flow is purified via the particle filter 33 and passes as a hot exhaust gas flow 17 via the inlet 12 into the countercurrent chamber 23, in which it is then led via the outlet openings 19 to the outside in the outer chamber 39 on the particle filter 33 to the outlet 34.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne un dispositif à contre-courant pour la récupération pour des filtres à particules diesel, comprenant un boîtier (10) ayant une enveloppe interne (14), une surface frontale avant (26) et une surface frontale arrière (25), une entrée avant (11) pour un gaz d'échappement froid (16) et une entrée arrière (12) pour un gaz d'échappement chaud (17). De plus, ledit dispositif comporte au moins deux chambres à contre-courant (21, 23) disposées l'une à côté de l'autre, devant lesquelles passent les gaz d'échappement (16, 17), les chambres à contre-courant (21, 23) étant séparées l'une de l'autre par des parois de séparation (13) et chaque chambre à contre-courant (21, 23) comportant au moins une ouverture de passage (18, 20) pour le passage des gaz d'échappement (16, 17) d'une section à une section suivante. De plus, une paroi intermédiaire (15) est prévue pour la séparation étanche aux gaz entre la chambre avant (27) de gaz d'échappement et la chambre arrière (22) de gaz d'échappement, et au moins une ouverture de sortie (24) pour le gaz d'échappement froid et au moins une ouverture de sortie (19) pour le gaz d'échappement chaud (17) sont prévues sur le boîtier (10).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE202010012800.5 | 2010-09-21 | ||
DE202010012800U DE202010012800U1 (de) | 2010-09-21 | 2010-09-21 | Gegenstromvorrichtung zur Rekuperation bei Partikelfiltersystemen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012038072A1 true WO2012038072A1 (fr) | 2012-03-29 |
WO2012038072A4 WO2012038072A4 (fr) | 2012-06-07 |
Family
ID=43384333
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2011/004714 WO2012038072A1 (fr) | 2010-09-21 | 2011-09-20 | Dispositif à contre-courant pour la récupération dans des systèmes de filtres à particules |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE202010012800U1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2012038072A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018149509A1 (fr) * | 2017-02-20 | 2018-08-23 | Volvo Penta Corporation | Boîte de mélange, son utilisation et procédé de mélange |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR632035A (fr) * | 1926-07-05 | 1927-12-30 | Rech S Sur Le Traitement Des C | Appareil d'échange de chaleur pouvant servir pour des opérations de catalyse |
DE10137050A1 (de) * | 2000-08-16 | 2002-02-28 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Abgasbehandlung einer Brennkraftmaschine |
DE10130872A1 (de) * | 2001-06-30 | 2003-01-30 | Gerd Gaiser | Verfahren zur Reinigung von Abgasen |
DE10221174A1 (de) * | 2002-05-13 | 2004-01-08 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Abgasanlage für Dieselmotoren, die einen Partikelfilter aufweist |
EP1801372A1 (fr) | 2005-12-22 | 2007-06-27 | ARK-Holding AG | Arrangement de filtre à particules |
US20100193168A1 (en) * | 2009-02-02 | 2010-08-05 | Johnson Jr Alfred Leroy | Heat exchanger |
DE102009014371A1 (de) | 2009-03-21 | 2010-09-30 | Emico Gmbh | Beheizbarer Vorfilter für Abgasreinigungsanlagen bei Dieselmotoren |
-
2010
- 2010-09-21 DE DE202010012800U patent/DE202010012800U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2011
- 2011-09-20 WO PCT/EP2011/004714 patent/WO2012038072A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR632035A (fr) * | 1926-07-05 | 1927-12-30 | Rech S Sur Le Traitement Des C | Appareil d'échange de chaleur pouvant servir pour des opérations de catalyse |
DE10137050A1 (de) * | 2000-08-16 | 2002-02-28 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Abgasbehandlung einer Brennkraftmaschine |
DE10130872A1 (de) * | 2001-06-30 | 2003-01-30 | Gerd Gaiser | Verfahren zur Reinigung von Abgasen |
DE10221174A1 (de) * | 2002-05-13 | 2004-01-08 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Abgasanlage für Dieselmotoren, die einen Partikelfilter aufweist |
EP1801372A1 (fr) | 2005-12-22 | 2007-06-27 | ARK-Holding AG | Arrangement de filtre à particules |
US20100193168A1 (en) * | 2009-02-02 | 2010-08-05 | Johnson Jr Alfred Leroy | Heat exchanger |
DE102009014371A1 (de) | 2009-03-21 | 2010-09-30 | Emico Gmbh | Beheizbarer Vorfilter für Abgasreinigungsanlagen bei Dieselmotoren |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018149509A1 (fr) * | 2017-02-20 | 2018-08-23 | Volvo Penta Corporation | Boîte de mélange, son utilisation et procédé de mélange |
CN110573705A (zh) * | 2017-02-20 | 2019-12-13 | 沃尔沃遍达公司 | 混合器箱、混合器箱的用途和用于混合的方法 |
US11047284B2 (en) | 2017-02-20 | 2021-06-29 | Volvo Penta Corporation | Mixer box, a use thereof and a method for mixing |
CN110573705B (zh) * | 2017-02-20 | 2022-04-01 | 沃尔沃遍达公司 | 混合器箱、混合器箱的用途和用于混合的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE202010012800U1 (de) | 2010-12-23 |
WO2012038072A4 (fr) | 2012-06-07 |
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