WO2012032810A1 - Biopsy phantom and production method therefor - Google Patents
Biopsy phantom and production method therefor Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012032810A1 WO2012032810A1 PCT/JP2011/060621 JP2011060621W WO2012032810A1 WO 2012032810 A1 WO2012032810 A1 WO 2012032810A1 JP 2011060621 W JP2011060621 W JP 2011060621W WO 2012032810 A1 WO2012032810 A1 WO 2012032810A1
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- phantom
- biopsy
- layer
- container
- biopsy needle
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- 238000001574 biopsy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 165
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229920002148 Gellan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000010492 gellan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000216 gellan gum Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 21
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- 238000009607 mammography Methods 0.000 description 11
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B10/00—Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. instruments for taking a cell sample, for biopsy, for vaccination diagnosis; Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
- A61B10/02—Instruments for taking cell samples or for biopsy
- A61B10/0233—Pointed or sharp biopsy instruments
- A61B10/0266—Pointed or sharp biopsy instruments means for severing sample
- A61B10/0275—Pointed or sharp biopsy instruments means for severing sample with sample notch, e.g. on the side of inner stylet
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/022—Stereoscopic imaging
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/04—Positioning of patients; Tiltable beds or the like
- A61B6/0407—Supports, e.g. tables or beds, for the body or parts of the body
- A61B6/0414—Supports, e.g. tables or beds, for the body or parts of the body with compression means
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- A61B6/12—Arrangements for detecting or locating foreign bodies
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/42—Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4208—Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis characterised by using a particular type of detector
- A61B6/4233—Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis characterised by using a particular type of detector using matrix detectors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/50—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications
- A61B6/502—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications for diagnosis of breast, i.e. mammography
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
- G09B23/30—Anatomical models
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00681—Aspects not otherwise provided for
- A61B2017/00707—Dummies, phantoms; Devices simulating patient or parts of patient
- A61B2017/00716—Dummies, phantoms; Devices simulating patient or parts of patient simulating physical properties
Definitions
- the present invention provides the inspection object used for biopsy training for the doctor to puncture a biological inspection object such as a human body with a biopsy needle and collect the tissue of the biopsy site in the inspection object, and the biopsy It relates to a phantom that simulates the tissue of a test site.
- the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing the phantom.
- biopsies have been widely used in which a doctor punctures a biopsy needle such as a human body with a biopsy needle and collects a tissue at a biopsy site in the test subject.
- the biopsy since it is difficult to visually recognize a biopsy site (for example, a lesion in the breast) in the inspection object from the outside, the biopsy performs stereo imaging for irradiating the inspection object with radiation and performs the inspection.
- a three-dimensional coordinate position of the biopsy site is calculated from the stereo image, and then a doctor uses the biopsy needle to the inspection object based on the calculated three-dimensional coordinate position.
- the tissue at the biopsy site is collected with the biopsy needle. Since the collected tissue is also opaque, it is possible to confirm the inside of the tissue based on the radiographic image by performing radiography on the tissue and acquiring a radiographic image.
- the phantom of US Pat. No. 5,273,435 incorporates a liquid iodine (a black pigment) that simulates a tumor as a tissue of a biopsy site in gelatin that simulates a breast as an object to be examined.
- the gelatin is a material that transmits radiation and light
- the black pigment is a material that is opaque to the radiation and light. Therefore, the doctor punctures the phantom with a biopsy needle, collects the black pigment and a part of the gelatin in the vicinity of the black pigment as a collection, removes the biopsy needle from the phantom and removes the collection. By taking out, biopsy training using the phantom can be performed.
- the black pigment has a diameter of several millimeters that simulates a tumor and is a liquid substance of iodine. For this reason, when a doctor punctures the biopsy needle and collects the black pigment, the collected material has a shape different from an actual tumor while the liquid material has spread. Therefore, even if the doctor performs biopsy training using the phantom, it is difficult to improve the skill level of the biopsy.
- the black pigment sticks to the trace of the biopsy needle in the phantom.
- a part of the collected calcified tissue does not stick to the trace of the biopsy needle. Therefore, such adhesion of the black pigment is a phenomenon that cannot normally occur in an actual biopsy.
- a biopsy needle composed of a hollow cylinder with a sharp tip is punctured into the phantom, and the black pigment and gelatin in the vicinity of the opening are sucked from the opening formed near the tip through the hollow portion.
- VAB Vauum Assisted Biopsy
- An object of the present invention is to provide a phantom capable of training a biopsy for collecting a small tissue such as a calcified tissue, and easily visualizing the contents of the collected material from the outside, and a method for manufacturing the same. To do.
- a phantom according to the present invention has a first member that simulates a living body, and a second member that simulates a calcified tissue in the living body and is built in the first member.
- the first member includes a polysaccharide capable of transmitting radiation and light
- the second member is a substance having a low transmittance for the radiation and light compared to the first member, or It is a substance that is opaque to the radiation and the light.
- the second member simulating the calcified tissue is built in the first member, biopsy training for collecting a small tissue such as the calcified tissue can be performed. It becomes possible. Therefore, when a doctor performs biopsy training using the phantom, for example, the doctor's skill in biopsy for collecting calcified tissue in the breast can be improved.
- the doctor punctures the first member with a biopsy needle by, for example, VAB, and the biopsy needle is inserted into the second member and the second member. While sucking a part of the first member in the vicinity of the second member, the second member and a part of the first member are collected as a sample, and then the biopsy needle is extracted from the first member When the sample is taken out from the biopsy needle, the shape of the sample taken out can maintain the shape of a part of the second member and the first member at the time of collection.
- the doctor can easily visually check the contents of the collected material from the outside. That is, since the doctor can easily check the presence or absence of the second member without disassembling the collected material, the collected material can be easily analyzed. As described above, since the presence or absence of the second member in the sample can be easily recognized, the second object to be sampled can be obtained without performing radiography (acquisition of a radiation image) on the sample. The biopsy needle can be accurately positioned with respect to the member, and it can be easily confirmed whether or not the sample containing the second member has been collected as intended.
- the second member is a substance having a low transmittance with respect to the radiation and the light compared to the first member, or is a substance that is impermeable to the radiation and the light, the doctor In either case, the first member and the second member in the sample are collected even if the sample is visually recognized or a radiographic image is obtained by performing radiography on the sample. It can be easily identified.
- the first member includes a water-soluble natural polymer polysaccharide, and more preferably, the water-soluble natural polymer polysaccharide is gellan gum.
- the said extract can maintain the shape of a part of said 2nd member and said 1st member at the time of extraction
- the biopsy needle formed on the phantom is traced to the trace. It is possible to avoid sticking of the metal or the ceramic.
- the biopsy needle is removed from the biopsy needle. It is possible to reliably prevent the lead or the alumina from sticking, and even if the doctor visually recognizes the collected material, or performs radiography on the collected material, Even in this case, the first member and the lead or the alumina in the sample can be easily identified.
- the doctor can accurately place the biopsy needle on the calcified tissue with a precision of about ⁇ 1 mm. It is also possible to perform training for positioning with the, so that the skill level of biopsy can be further improved.
- the first member is constituted by a laminated structure of a first layer and a second layer laminated on the first layer, and the second member is provided at an interface between the first layer and the second layer. You may arrange.
- the phantom is completed by laminating the second layer on the upper surface of the first layer on which the second member is arranged. be able to.
- the second member can be easily built in the first member, and the phantom can be easily manufactured.
- the phantom can be easily stored.
- the gellan gum is shielded from the outside air, so that generation of mold or the like in the phantom can be prevented.
- the container accommodates the phantom and has a container body in which an opening communicating with the housing area of the phantom is formed, and a cover that closes the opening in a state where the phantom is housed in the container body
- the cover member may be thinner than the container body, and the biopsy needle may be pierced into the first member by breaking through the cover member.
- the upper surface of the phantom and the cover member may be brought into close contact with each other, or the container may be filled with an inert gas.
- biopsy phantom described above is manufactured by the following process.
- the biopsy phantom manufacturing method includes a first member that simulates a living body and a second member that simulates a calcified tissue in the living body and is incorporated in the first member.
- a phantom manufacturing method Solidifying a gellan gum powder in water to form a first layer; A step of dispersing and arranging the plurality of second members on the upper surface of the solidified first layer; Each gellan gum powder dissolved in water is solidified on the upper surface of the first layer to form a second layer, whereby each of the first members composed of the first layer and the second layer is included in the first member.
- Arranging the second member It is characterized by consisting of.
- FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a phantom according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the phantom of FIG. 1A
- 2A is a perspective view showing a state in which the phantom of FIGS. 1A and 1B is housed in a container
- FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the phantom and container of FIG. 2A
- FIG. 3A is a perspective view before the biopsy needle is punctured into the container
- FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of the biopsy needle, phantom, and container of FIG. 3A.
- FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the tip of the biopsy needle is torn off the cover member of the container, and FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the state punctured.
- FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the biopsy needle starts suctioning a part of the second member and the first member
- FIG. 5B shows a sample obtained by collecting a part of the second member and the first member by the biopsy needle. It is sectional drawing which shows the state extract
- FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the collected material is sucked
- FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the biopsy needle is extracted from the phantom and the container.
- FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the collected material is sucked
- FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the biopsy needle is extracted from the phantom
- FIG. 7A is a perspective view showing a state in which the biopsy needle is pulled out from the phantom and the container
- FIG. 7B is a perspective view showing a sample taken out from the biopsy needle.
- It is a perspective view of a mammography apparatus. It is a partial side view of the mammography apparatus of FIG. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating typically the stereo imaging
- the phantom 10 includes a first member 12 that simulates a test object (eg, breast) of a living body such as a human body, and a calcified tissue in the test object. It has a simulated second member 16 and is used as a biopsy training phantom for a doctor to puncture the biopsy needle 30 (see FIG. 3A) and collect the second member 16.
- the rectangular first member 12 is configured by sequentially stacking a block-shaped first layer 12a and a second layer 12b, and a plurality of interfaces are formed on the interface 14 between the first layer 12a and the second layer 12b.
- a particulate second member 16 is disposed.
- the first member 12 includes a polysaccharide that can transmit radiation and light.
- the polysaccharide is a water-soluble natural polymer polysaccharide produced by a microbial fermentation method and having a viscosity higher than that of gelatin, more preferably gellan gum.
- the second member 16 is made of a material having a low transmittance with respect to radiation and light as compared with the first member 12 or a material impermeable to radiation and light.
- the second member 16 is made of metal or ceramic, more preferably lead or alumina.
- the second member 16 is a particle having a diameter of 100 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, which is approximately the same size as the actual calcified tissue in the breast, and this size is the outer diameter of the biopsy needle 30, more preferably the raw material.
- the size is smaller than the inner diameter (approximately several mm) of the hollow portion 36 of the meter-reading 30.
- the phantom 10 is manufactured, for example, by the following steps (1) to (4) (a method for manufacturing a biopsy phantom).
- the gellan gum powder dissolved in water to form a sol is poured into a bottom of a rectangular mold (not shown) and solidified (gelled) to form the first layer 12a.
- a plurality of second members 16 are dispersedly arranged on the upper surface of the solidified first layer 12a.
- a gel layer gum powder dissolved in water to form a sol is poured into a space formed by the side surface of the mold and the top surface of the first layer 12a to solidify, thereby forming the second layer 12b. Thereby, the phantom 10 is completed.
- the completed phantom 10 is taken out from the mold.
- the first member 12 made of gel-like gellan gum may generate mold when exposed to the outside air, it is housed in a container 18 that can transmit radiation and light as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. Is done.
- the container 18 includes a substantially rectangular container body 20 in which an opening 28 for accommodating the phantom 10 is formed, and a flange 22 and an opening 28 at the upper end of the container body 20 in a state where the phantom 10 is accommodated in the container body 20. And a sheet-like cover member 24 covering the.
- the cover member 24 closes the opening 28, the inside of the container 18 and the outside air are blocked, and a chamber 26 for containing (accommodating) the phantom 10 is formed.
- the thickness of the cover member 24 is set to be thinner than the thickness of the container body 20.
- the phantom 10 may be sealed in the container 18 so that the upper surface of the phantom 10 and the cover member 24 are in close contact without providing such a gap.
- an antifungal agent or bittern may be added to the first member 12.
- the gap between the phantom 10 the container body 20 and the cover member 24 is filled with a liquid to which an antifungal agent or bittern is added, and then the flange 22 and the opening 28 are formed. Even if it is covered with the cover member 24 and the phantom 10 is sealed in the container 18, generation of mold in the first member 12 can be prevented.
- the doctor performs biopsy training on the examination object (breast) in the order of [1] to [6] below.
- the biopsy needle 30 is a biopsy needle that is actually used for biopsy for an inspection object.
- the distal end portion 34 of the hollow cylindrical needle body 32 is processed into a sharp shape, and an opening 38 communicating with the hollow portion 36 is formed on the side surface of the needle body 32 in the vicinity of the distal end portion 34. Is formed.
- a hollow cylindrical cutter 40 (see FIGS. 3A to 7A) is disposed in the hollow portion 36 so as to be able to advance and retreat with respect to the direction of the tip end portion 34.
- a suction pump (not shown) is connected to the hollow portion 36 and the hollow portion of the cylindrical cutter 40.
- the suction pump is driven to suck the object in the vicinity of the opening 38 into the hollow portion 36 through the opening 38, the hollow portion 36, and the hollow portion of the cylindrical cutter 40.
- VAB Vauum Assisted Biopsy
- the biopsy needle 30 is exaggerated in order to illustrate the structure of the biopsy needle 30 in detail.
- the doctor moves the tip 34 of the biopsy needle 30 above the second member 16 to be collected based on each calculated three-dimensional coordinate position, and then moves the biopsy needle 30 toward the phantom 10.
- the distal end portion 34 of the biopsy needle 30 penetrates the thin cover member 24 and enters the container 18, and reaches the upper surface of the second layer 12 b constituting the phantom 10.
- the distal end portion 34 of the biopsy needle 30 may enter the second layer 12b.
- a stereo image of the phantom 10 With the distal end portion 34 of the biopsy needle 30 reaching the second layer 12b, a stereo image of the phantom 10, the container 18, and the biopsy needle 30 is acquired again by performing a second stereo shooting in which radiation is irradiated from the outside. Thereafter, the amount of movement of the biopsy needle 30 necessary for positioning the opening 38 of the biopsy needle 30 in the vicinity of the second member 16 is calculated.
- the doctor lowers the biopsy needle 30 by the calculated amount of movement of the biopsy needle 30, thereby opening the opening at a position facing the second member 16, as shown in FIGS. 4B and 5A.
- the third stereo imaging in which radiation is irradiated from the outside is performed, and a stereo image in which the biopsy needle 30 is punctured into the phantom 10 is acquired. Thereby, it can be confirmed whether or not the opening 38 of the biopsy needle 30 is disposed in the vicinity of the second member 16 to be collected.
- the opening 38 is a part of the first layer 12 a centering on the interface 14, the second member 16. And it arrange
- the suction member (not shown) connected to the hollow portion 36 of the biopsy needle 30 and the hollow portion of the cylindrical cutter 40 is driven, and the second member 16 facing the opening 38 and the second member 16 are driven. A part of the first member 12 near the two members 16 is sucked into the hollow portion 36 through the opening 38.
- a portion of the hollow portion 36 facing the opening 38 is filled with a part of the second member 16 and the first member 12 (first layer 12a and second layer 12b) by the suction action of the suction pump. 2, the second member 16 and a part of the first member 12 are cut by lowering the cylindrical cutter 40 toward the distal end portion 34 and collected as a substantially cylindrical sample 42 (see FIG. 5B). Thereby, a cavity 44 in which a part of the second member 16 and the first member 12 is cut off by the biopsy needle 30 is formed at a location near the opening 38 in the phantom 10.
- the collected material 42 is sucked through the hollow portion 36 and the hollow portion of the cylindrical cutter 40 by the suction action of the suction pump, while shown in FIGS. 6B and 7A.
- the biopsy needle 30 is extracted upward from the phantom 10 and separated from the phantom 10 and the container 18. As a result, a trace 46 of the biopsy needle 30 communicating with the cavity 44 is formed in the phantom 10.
- the position of the cylindrical cutter 40 may be returned to the position before the cylindrical cutter 40 is lowered as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B.
- the stereo image of the phantom 10 and the container 18 may be acquired by performing the fourth stereo shooting on the phantom 10 and the container 18 in which the trace 46 is formed.
- the fourth stereo shooting may be performed before the biopsy needle 30 is extracted from the phantom 10. Regardless of which state of the stereo shooting is performed, it can be confirmed from the stereo image whether or not the second member 16 to be sampled is collected from the phantom 10.
- the collected material 42 taken out from the biopsy needle 30 includes a collected tissue 42a that is a part of the first layer 12a, a collected tissue 42b that is a part of the second layer 12b, It is composed of a collection tissue 42c which is the second member 16 to be collected.
- the sample 42 is collected by lowering the cylindrical cutter 40 in a state where the portion of the hollow portion 36 facing the opening 38 is filled with a part of the second member 16 and the first member 12.
- the 1st member 12 is comprised from the gel-form gellan gum whose viscosity is higher than gelatin. Accordingly, the collected material 42 is not a tattered shape, but maintains a columnar shape (a shape at the time of collection) corresponding to the hollow portion of the cylindrical cutter 40, and the collected tissue 42a (a part of the first layer 12a).
- the structure is such that the collected tissue 42c (second member 16) is sandwiched between the collected tissue 42b (a part of the second layer 12b).
- the doctor can directly collect the sample 42 by directly viewing the sample 42 without performing stereo imaging (radiography) of the sample 42. It can be easily determined whether or not the collected tissue 42c exists inside the object 42. Needless to say, a stereo image (radiation image) of the sample 42 may be acquired by performing the fifth stereo shooting of the sample 42. Even in this case, it can be confirmed from the stereo image whether the second member 16 to be collected is present in the collected material 42 as the collected tissue 42c.
- the mammography apparatus 50 that performs the above-described stereo imaging, the three-dimensional coordinate positions of the second member 16 and the biopsy needle 30 using the stereo image acquired by the stereo imaging, and the movement amount of the biopsy needle 30 are determined. The calculation will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the mammography apparatus 50 shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 is a radiographic apparatus for obtaining a stereo image of a mammo of the human body.
- the phantom 10 or the collected material 42 contained in the container 18 is used.
- the mammography apparatus 50 is used to acquire a stereo image. Therefore, in the following description, the configuration of the mammography apparatus 50 necessary for obtaining a stereo image of the phantom 10 or the sample 42 will be described.
- the mammography apparatus 50 is housed in the container 18, a base 52 that is installed in an upright state, an arm member 56 that is fixed to a distal end portion of a pivot shaft 54 that is disposed at a substantially central portion of the base 52, and the container 18.
- the radiation source 64 for irradiating the radiation 62 to the phantom 10 (or the sample 42) is accommodated, and the radiation source accommodation unit 66 fixed to one end of the arm member 56 and the phantom 10 (or the sample 42) are arranged.
- An imaging table 70 that houses a solid state detector (radiation detector) 68 that detects the transmitted radiation 62 and is fixed to the other end of the arm member 56, and a compression plate that holds the phantom 10 with respect to the imaging table 70.
- 72 and a biopsy hand portion 76 that is attached to the compression plate 72 and collects a desired second member 16 from the phantom 10.
- the compression plate 72 holds the container 18 in cooperation with the imaging table 70 to the extent that the container 18 arranged on the imaging table 70 does not move. Further, when the sample 42 is arranged on the imaging table 70, the compression plate 72 is arranged at a predetermined height position that does not contact the sample 42. Further, in the mammography apparatus 50, a display operation unit 80 capable of setting shooting conditions of the phantom 10 or the sample 42 is disposed on the base 52.
- the arm member 56 that couples the radiation source housing portion 66 and the imaging table 70 is configured to be adjustable about the direction with respect to the container 18 by turning about the turning shaft 54.
- the radiation source accommodating portion 66 is connected to the arm member 56 via the hinge portion 82, and is configured to be rotatable independently of the imaging table 70 in the direction of the arrow ⁇ .
- handle portions 84 for gripping a human body are provided on both side portions of the arm member 56 along the arrow X direction.
- the compression plate 72 is disposed between the radiation source housing portion 66 and the imaging table 70 in a state where the compression plate 72 is coupled to a groove portion 86 formed in the arm member 56, and is configured to be displaceable in the arrow Z direction.
- the biopsy hand portion 76 described above is attached to the vicinity of the groove portion 86 on the upper surface of the compression plate 72 (the surface located on the radiation source 64 side of the compression plate 72). Further, a rectangular opening 92 for tissue collection using the biopsy hand portion 76 is formed on the distal end side (container 18 side) of the compression plate 72.
- the biopsy hand section 76 includes a post 94 fixed to the compression plate 72, a first arm 96 pivotally supported along the surface of the compression plate 72, one end of which is pivotally supported on the post 94, and the first arm 96. One end is pivotally supported at the end, and a second arm 98 that can pivot along the surface of the compression plate 72 is provided. A biopsy needle 30 that can move in the arrow Z direction is attached to the other end of the second arm 98.
- the biopsy needle 30 can be moved in the XY plane along the surface of the compression plate 72 by the first arm 96 and the second arm 98 of the biopsy hand unit 76, and a doctor operates an operation unit (not shown).
- a doctor operates an operation unit (not shown).
- the opening 38 of the biopsy needle 30 can be disposed in the vicinity of the second member 16 described above.
- the solid detector 68 detects the radiations 62a and 62b that have passed through the phantom 10 and the container 18 and converts them into radiation images (stereo images). To do. In this case, the number of shots and the shooting order for stereo shooting are set as appropriate. Further, the movement of the radiation source 64 between the A position and the B position is performed by rotating the radiation source housing section 66 around the hinge section 82 as described above.
- the radiation 62a and 62b are irradiated with the radiation source 64 arranged at the A position and the B position, respectively.
- the radiation source 64 is disposed at the C position and the A position on the vertical axis 100.
- stereo imaging in which the radiation 62 is irradiated in the disposed state and stereo imaging in which the radiation 62 is irradiated in the state where the radiation source 64 is disposed at the C position and the B position are possible.
- FIG. 10 as an example, stereo imaging with respect to the container 18 in which the phantom 10 is accommodated is illustrated, but the phantom 10 with the biopsy needle 30 punctured, the phantom 10 with the biopsy needle 30 removed, or collection
- the object 42 can be similarly stereo-photographed.
- the doctor determines a desired second member 16 in the phantom 10 as a collection target, and, for example, two stereos of the phantom 10 displayed on a display screen (not shown).
- the console connected to the mammography apparatus 50 uses a known three-dimensional coordinate position calculation method in stereo photography. Based on this, the three-dimensional coordinate position of the second member 16 instructed to select and the three-dimensional coordinate position of the biopsy needle 30 are calculated.
- the biopsy hand unit 76 operates the first arm 96 and the second arm 98 to move the biopsy needle 30 in the XY plane, and moves the distal end portion 34 of the biopsy needle 30 above the second member 16. It becomes possible to arrange.
- the container 18, and the biopsy needle 30 when stereo imaging is performed with the distal end portion 34 of the biopsy needle 30 reaching the second layer 12b and a stereo image including the phantom 10, the container 18, and the biopsy needle 30 is acquired,
- the computer calculates the three-dimensional coordinate position of the distal end portion 34 or the opening 38 of the biopsy needle 30 and the three-dimensional coordinate position of the second member 16 based on the known three-dimensional coordinate position calculation method.
- the amount of movement of the biopsy needle 30 is calculated based on each calculated three-dimensional coordinate position, and the calculated amount of movement is displayed on the display or the display operation unit 80.
- the doctor can operate the operation unit (not shown) to advance the opening 38 of the biopsy needle 30 to the vicinity of the second member 16 along the arrow Z direction.
- the second member 16 simulating a calcified tissue is built in the first member 12, a small tissue such as a calcified tissue is collected. It becomes possible to perform biopsy training for. Therefore, when a doctor performs biopsy training using the phantom 10, for example, the skill level of the doctor with respect to the biopsy for collecting calcified tissue in the breast can be improved.
- the second member 16 and a part of the first member 12 are collected as the sample 42 while sucking a part of the first member 12 near the second member 16, and then the biopsy needle 30 from the first member 12.
- the sample 42 is taken out from the biopsy needle 30 and the shape of the sample 42 taken out can be maintained as a part of the shape of the second member 16 and the first member 12 at the time of sampling. .
- the doctor can easily visually recognize the contents of the collected material 42 from the outside. That is, since the doctor can easily confirm the presence or absence of the second member 16 (collected tissue 42c) without disassembling the collected material 42, the analysis work of the collected material 42 can be easily performed. Can do. In this manner, since the presence or absence of the collected tissue 42c in the collected material 42 can be easily visually confirmed, the second member 16 to be collected can be obtained without performing radiography (acquisition of a radiation image) on the collected material 42. Therefore, the biopsy needle 30 can be accurately positioned, and it can be easily confirmed whether or not the sample 42 including the second member 16 (collected tissue 42c) has been sampled as intended.
- the second member 16 is a substance having a low transmittance for radiation and light as compared to the first member 12 or a substance that is opaque to radiation and light, the doctor can remove the specimen 42. Even in the case of visual recognition or radiographic imaging of the collected material 42, the first member 12 and the second member 16 (collected tissue 42c) in the collected material 42 can be easily identified. It becomes possible.
- the collected material 42 has a shape of a part of the second member 16 and the first member 12 at the time of collection. Can be easily maintained.
- the biopsy needle 30 is extracted from the phantom 10 after collecting the sample 42 by using the solid metal or ceramic as the second member 16, the trace 46 of the biopsy needle 30 formed on the phantom 10 is extracted. It is possible to avoid metal or ceramics sticking to the surface.
- the second member 16 even if lead or alumina is used as the second member 16, even if the biopsy needle 30 is extracted from the phantom 10 after the biopsy needle 30 is punctured into the phantom 10 and the sample 42 is collected, the trace 46 of the biopsy needle 30 is removed. In this case, it is possible to reliably prevent lead or alumina from sticking to the surface, and even if a doctor visually recognizes the sample 42 or performs radiography of the sample 42 to obtain a radiographic image. However, the first member 12 and the lead or alumina (second member 16) in the sample 42 can be easily identified.
- the second member 16 is a metal (lead) or ceramic (alumina) particle having a diameter of 100 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, which is approximately the same size as the actual calcified tissue, the doctor can Since it is possible to perform training for positioning the biopsy needle 30 with an accuracy of about ⁇ 1 mm, the skill level of biopsy can be further improved.
- the biopsy needle 30 can be positioned accurately in the calcified tissue. Training can be performed by a doctor.
- the first member 12 has a laminated structure of the first layer 12a and the second layer 12b, and the second member 16 is disposed at the interface 14 between the first layer 12a and the second layer 12b, as described above.
- the second layer 12b can be laminated on the upper surface to complete the phantom 10, so that the second member 16 can be easily attached to the first member 12.
- the phantom 10 can be easily manufactured.
- the phantom 10 can be stored easily by accommodating the phantom 10 inside the container 18 that can transmit radiation and light and blocking the inside of the container 18 from the outside air.
- the first member 12 is made of gellan gum
- the gellan gum is shielded from the outside air, so that generation of mold or the like in the phantom 10 can be prevented.
- the doctor can Even if the phantom 10 is not taken out of the phantom 10, the biopsy training can be performed while the phantom 10 is housed in the container 18, so that the phantom 10 can be easily handled.
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Abstract
The biopsy phantom (10) comprises a first component (12) that simulates the living body and a second component (16) that simulates calcified tissue in the body and is embedded in the first component (12). The first component (12) comprises a polysaccharide that is permeable to radiation (62, 62a, 62b) and to light. The second component (16) is a substance of lower permeability to radiation (62, 62a, 62b) and to light than the first component (12), or is a substance that is impermeable to radiation (62, 62a, 62b) and to light.
Description
本発明は、医師が人体等の生体の検査対象物に生検針を穿刺して該検査対象物中の生検部位の組織を採取するためのバイオプシのトレーニングに用いられる前記検査対象物及び前記生検部位の組織を模擬したファントムに関する。また、本発明は、該ファントムの製造方法に関する。
The present invention provides the inspection object used for biopsy training for the doctor to puncture a biological inspection object such as a human body with a biopsy needle and collect the tissue of the biopsy site in the inspection object, and the biopsy It relates to a phantom that simulates the tissue of a test site. The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing the phantom.
従来より、医師が人体等の生体の検査対象物に生検針を穿刺して該検査対象物中の生検部位の組織を採取するバイオプシが広く行われている。この場合、外部から検査対象物中の生検部位(例えば、乳房中の病変)を視認することが困難であるため、バイオプシでは、検査対象物に放射線を照射するステレオ撮影を行って、前記検査対象物のステレオ画像を取得した後に、該ステレオ画像から前記生検部位の3次元座標位置を算出し、次に、算出された前記3次元座標位置に基づいて医師が前記検査対象物に生検針を穿刺することにより、前記生検部位の組織を前記生検針で採取する。採取された組織も不透明であるため、該組織に対して放射線撮影を行って放射線画像を取得することにより、該放射線画像に基づいて前記組織の内部を確認することが可能となる。
Conventionally, biopsies have been widely used in which a doctor punctures a biopsy needle such as a human body with a biopsy needle and collects a tissue at a biopsy site in the test subject. In this case, since it is difficult to visually recognize a biopsy site (for example, a lesion in the breast) in the inspection object from the outside, the biopsy performs stereo imaging for irradiating the inspection object with radiation and performs the inspection. After obtaining a stereo image of the object, a three-dimensional coordinate position of the biopsy site is calculated from the stereo image, and then a doctor uses the biopsy needle to the inspection object based on the calculated three-dimensional coordinate position. The tissue at the biopsy site is collected with the biopsy needle. Since the collected tissue is also opaque, it is possible to confirm the inside of the tissue based on the radiographic image by performing radiography on the tissue and acquiring a radiographic image.
このように、バイオプシでは、外部から視認することが困難な生検部位の組織を採取する必要がある一方で、生体をあまり傷つけることなく検査対象物に生検針を穿刺して、生検部位の組織を確実に且つ正確に採取できることが望ましい。そこで、近年、バイオプシに対する医師の熟練度を向上させる目的で、人体の検査対象物及び生検部位の組織を模擬した、バイオプシ用ファントムが開発されている(米国特許第5273435号明細書参照)。
As described above, in biopsies, it is necessary to collect a tissue of a biopsy site that is difficult to visually recognize from the outside. On the other hand, a biopsy needle is punctured into a test object without damaging the living body so much. It is desirable to be able to collect tissue reliably and accurately. Therefore, in recent years, a phantom for biopsy that simulates a human body to be examined and a tissue of a biopsy site has been developed for the purpose of improving the skill level of a doctor for biopsy (see US Pat. No. 5,273,435).
米国特許第5273435号明細書のファントムは、検査対象物としての乳房を模擬したゼラチンに、生検部位の組織としての腫溜を模擬したヨウ素の液状物(黒色顔料)を内蔵させている。この場合、前記ゼラチンは、放射線及び光を透過する材料であり、前記黒色顔料は、前記放射線及び前記光に対して不透過な材料である。従って、医師は、前記ファントムに生検針を穿刺して、前記黒色顔料と該黒色顔料近傍の前記ゼラチンの一部とを採取物として採取し、前記ファントムから前記生検針を抜き取って前記採取物を取り出すことにより、該ファントムを用いたバイオプシのトレーニングを行うことができる。
The phantom of US Pat. No. 5,273,435 incorporates a liquid iodine (a black pigment) that simulates a tumor as a tissue of a biopsy site in gelatin that simulates a breast as an object to be examined. In this case, the gelatin is a material that transmits radiation and light, and the black pigment is a material that is opaque to the radiation and light. Therefore, the doctor punctures the phantom with a biopsy needle, collects the black pigment and a part of the gelatin in the vicinity of the black pigment as a collection, removes the biopsy needle from the phantom and removes the collection. By taking out, biopsy training using the phantom can be performed.
しかしながら、米国特許第5273435号明細書のファントムにおいて、黒色顔料は、腫溜を模擬した直径数mm程度の大きさであると共に、ヨウ素の液状物である。そのため、医師が前記生検針を穿刺して該黒色顔料を採取した際に、その採取物は、前記液状物が広がったものになると共に、実際の腫溜とは異なる形状となる。従って、前記ファントムを用いて前記医師がバイオプシのトレーニングを行っても、該バイオプシに対する熟練度を向上させることは困難である。
However, in the phantom of US Pat. No. 5,273,435, the black pigment has a diameter of several millimeters that simulates a tumor and is a liquid substance of iodine. For this reason, when a doctor punctures the biopsy needle and collects the black pigment, the collected material has a shape different from an actual tumor while the liquid material has spread. Therefore, even if the doctor performs biopsy training using the phantom, it is difficult to improve the skill level of the biopsy.
また、乳房におけるバイオプシでは、数百μm~数mm程度の大きさの石灰化組織を採取できることが重要である。しかしながら、米国特許第5273435号明細書のファントムを用いて医師がトレーニングを行っても、前記乳房の石灰化組織に対するバイオプシの熟練度を向上させることはできない。
Also, for biopsies in the breast, it is important to be able to collect calcified tissue with a size of about several hundred μm to several mm. However, even if a doctor performs training using the phantom of US Pat. No. 5,273,435, the skill level of biopsy for the calcified tissue of the breast cannot be improved.
さらに、黒色顔料の直径が生検針の直径よりも大きいときには、前記黒色顔料を採取した生検針を医師がファントムから抜き取った際に、該ファントムにおける前記生検針の抜け跡に前記黒色顔料がへばりつく。乳房におけるバイオプシでは、採取された石灰化組織の一部が前記生検針の抜け跡にへばりつくことはない。従って、このような前記黒色顔料の付着は、現実のバイオプシでは、通常起こり得ない現象である。
Furthermore, when the diameter of the black pigment is larger than the diameter of the biopsy needle, when the doctor removes the biopsy needle from which the black pigment has been collected from the phantom, the black pigment sticks to the trace of the biopsy needle in the phantom. In the case of biopsy in the breast, a part of the collected calcified tissue does not stick to the trace of the biopsy needle. Therefore, such adhesion of the black pigment is a phenomenon that cannot normally occur in an actual biopsy.
さらにまた、先端部が鋭利な中空円筒から構成される生検針をファントムに穿刺し、先端部近傍に形成された開口部から中空部分を介して、前記開口部近傍の黒色顔料及びゼラチンを吸引しつつ前記黒色顔料及び前記ゼラチンの一部を採取するVAB(Vacuum Assisted Biopsy)によりバイオプシのトレーニングを行う場合、吸引によって採取物がボロボロな形状となるので、光の乱反射によって、前記黒色顔料が採取されているか否かを視認することが困難になる。
Furthermore, a biopsy needle composed of a hollow cylinder with a sharp tip is punctured into the phantom, and the black pigment and gelatin in the vicinity of the opening are sucked from the opening formed near the tip through the hollow portion. However, when biopsy training is performed by VAB (Vacuum Assisted Biopsy) that collects a part of the black pigment and the gelatin, the black pigment is collected by diffused reflection of light because the collected material becomes tattered by suction. It is difficult to see whether or not
本発明は、石灰化組織のような小さな組織を採取するバイオプシのトレーニングが可能になると共に、採取物の中身を外部から容易に視認することができるファントム及びその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
An object of the present invention is to provide a phantom capable of training a biopsy for collecting a small tissue such as a calcified tissue, and easily visualizing the contents of the collected material from the outside, and a method for manufacturing the same. To do.
上記目的を達成するために、本発明に係るファントムは、生体を模擬した第1部材と、前記生体内の石灰化組織を模擬し且つ前記第1部材に内蔵される第2部材とを有し、前記第1部材は、放射線及び光を透過可能な多糖類を含み、前記第2部材は、前記第1部材と比較して前記放射線及び前記光に対する透過率が低い物質であるか、又は、前記放射線及び前記光に対して不透過な物質であることを特徴としている。
In order to achieve the above object, a phantom according to the present invention has a first member that simulates a living body, and a second member that simulates a calcified tissue in the living body and is built in the first member. The first member includes a polysaccharide capable of transmitting radiation and light, and the second member is a substance having a low transmittance for the radiation and light compared to the first member, or It is a substance that is opaque to the radiation and the light.
この構成によれば、前記石灰化組織を模擬した前記第2部材が前記第1部材に内蔵されているので、前記石灰化組織のような小さな組織を採取するためのバイオプシのトレーニングを行うことが可能になる。従って、医師が前記ファントムを用いてバイオプシのトレーニングを行うことにより、例えば、乳房内部の石灰化組織を採取するバイオプシに対する該医師の熟練度を向上させることができる。
According to this configuration, since the second member simulating the calcified tissue is built in the first member, biopsy training for collecting a small tissue such as the calcified tissue can be performed. It becomes possible. Therefore, when a doctor performs biopsy training using the phantom, for example, the doctor's skill in biopsy for collecting calcified tissue in the breast can be improved.
また、ゼラチンよりも粘度の高い前記多糖類を前記第1部材としているので、例えば、VABにより、前記医師が前記第1部材に生検針を穿刺して、前記生検針が前記第2部材及び該第2部材近傍の前記第1部材の一部を吸引しつつ、前記第2部材及び前記第1部材の一部を採取物として採取し、その後、前記第1部材から前記生検針を抜き取って該生検針から前記採取物を取り出した場合に、取り出された前記採取物の形状は、採取時における前記第2部材及び前記第1部材の一部の形状を維持することができる。
In addition, since the polysaccharide having a viscosity higher than that of gelatin is used as the first member, the doctor punctures the first member with a biopsy needle by, for example, VAB, and the biopsy needle is inserted into the second member and the second member. While sucking a part of the first member in the vicinity of the second member, the second member and a part of the first member are collected as a sample, and then the biopsy needle is extracted from the first member When the sample is taken out from the biopsy needle, the shape of the sample taken out can maintain the shape of a part of the second member and the first member at the time of collection.
これにより、前記医師は、前記採取物の中身を外部から容易に視認することが可能となる。すなわち、前記医師は、前記採取物を分解しなくても、前記第2部材の有無を容易に確認することが可能であるため、該採取物の分析作業を容易に行うことができる。このように、前記採取物中での前記第2部材の有無を容易に視認することができるので、前記採取物に対する放射線撮影(放射線画像の取得)を行わなくても、採取対象の前記第2部材に対して前記生検針を正確に位置決めし、狙い通りに該第2部材を含む前記採取物が採取できたか否かを容易に確認することができる。
Thereby, the doctor can easily visually check the contents of the collected material from the outside. That is, since the doctor can easily check the presence or absence of the second member without disassembling the collected material, the collected material can be easily analyzed. As described above, since the presence or absence of the second member in the sample can be easily recognized, the second object to be sampled can be obtained without performing radiography (acquisition of a radiation image) on the sample. The biopsy needle can be accurately positioned with respect to the member, and it can be easily confirmed whether or not the sample containing the second member has been collected as intended.
また、前記第2部材が前記第1部材と比較して前記放射線及び前記光に対する透過率が低い物質であるか、又は、前記放射線及び前記光に対して不透過な物質であるため、前記医師が前記採取物を視認しても、あるいは、前記採取物に対する放射線撮影を行って放射線画像を取得しても、いずれの場合でも、前記採取物中の前記第1部材と前記第2部材とを容易に識別することが可能となる。
In addition, since the second member is a substance having a low transmittance with respect to the radiation and the light compared to the first member, or is a substance that is impermeable to the radiation and the light, the doctor In either case, the first member and the second member in the sample are collected even if the sample is visually recognized or a radiographic image is obtained by performing radiography on the sample. It can be easily identified.
ここで、前記第1部材は、水溶性の天然高分子多糖類を含み、より好ましくは、前記水溶性の天然高分子多糖類をジェランガムとする。これにより、前記採取物は、採取時における前記第2部材及び前記第1部材の一部の形状を容易に維持することができる。
Here, the first member includes a water-soluble natural polymer polysaccharide, and more preferably, the water-soluble natural polymer polysaccharide is gellan gum. Thereby, the said extract can maintain the shape of a part of said 2nd member and said 1st member at the time of extraction | collection easily.
また、固形物の金属又はセラミックスを前記第2部材とすることにより、前記採取物を採取した後に前記生検針を前記ファントムから抜き取っても、該ファントムに形成された前記生検針の抜け跡に前記金属又は前記セラミックスがへばりつくことを回避することができる。
In addition, by using a solid metal or ceramic as the second member, even if the biopsy needle is extracted from the phantom after the sample is collected, the biopsy needle formed on the phantom is traced to the trace. It is possible to avoid sticking of the metal or the ceramic.
特に、鉛又はアルミナを前記第2部材とすれば、前記生検針を前記ファントムに穿刺して前記採取物を採取した後に、前記ファントムから前記生検針を抜き取っても、前記生検針の抜け跡に前記鉛又は前記アルミナがへばりつくことを確実に防止することができると共に、前記医師が前記採取物を視認しても、あるいは、前記採取物に対する放射線撮影を行って放射線画像を取得しても、いずれの場合でも、前記採取物中の前記第1部材と前記鉛又は前記アルミナとを容易に識別することができる。
In particular, if lead or alumina is used as the second member, even if the biopsy needle is extracted from the phantom after the biopsy needle is punctured into the phantom, the biopsy needle is removed from the biopsy needle. It is possible to reliably prevent the lead or the alumina from sticking, and even if the doctor visually recognizes the collected material, or performs radiography on the collected material, Even in this case, the first member and the lead or the alumina in the sample can be easily identified.
また、実際の石灰化組織と略同等のサイズである100μm~500μmの直径を有する粒子を前記第2部材とすれば、医師は、前記石灰化組織に対して前記生検針を±1mm程度の精度で位置決めするためのトレーニングを行うことも可能となるので、バイオプシに対する熟練度を一層向上させることができる。
Further, if particles having a diameter of 100 μm to 500 μm, which is approximately the same size as the actual calcified tissue, are used as the second member, the doctor can accurately place the biopsy needle on the calcified tissue with a precision of about ± 1 mm. It is also possible to perform training for positioning with the, so that the skill level of biopsy can be further improved.
さらに、前記生検針の直径よりも小さな粒子を前記第2部材とすれば、前記石灰化組織に前記生検針を正確に位置決めさせるためのトレーニングを医師に行わせることが可能となる。
Furthermore, if particles smaller than the diameter of the biopsy needle are used as the second member, it is possible to allow a doctor to perform training for accurately positioning the biopsy needle in the calcified tissue.
さらにまた、第1層と、該第1層に積層された第2層との積層構造から前記第1部材を構成し、前記第1層と前記第2層との界面に前記第2部材を配置してもよい。これにより、例えば、前記第1層の上面に前記第2部材を配置した後に、該第2部材が配置された前記第1層の上面に前記第2層を積層させることで前記ファントムを完成させることができる。この結果、前記第1部材に前記第2部材を容易に内蔵させることができ、該ファントムを簡単に製造することができる。
Furthermore, the first member is constituted by a laminated structure of a first layer and a second layer laminated on the first layer, and the second member is provided at an interface between the first layer and the second layer. You may arrange. Thus, for example, after the second member is arranged on the upper surface of the first layer, the phantom is completed by laminating the second layer on the upper surface of the first layer on which the second member is arranged. be able to. As a result, the second member can be easily built in the first member, and the phantom can be easily manufactured.
また、前記放射線及び前記光を透過可能な容器の内部に前記ファントムを収容し、前記容器の内部を外気と遮断させれば、該ファントムの保管が容易になる。特に、前記第1部材を前記ジェランガムで構成した場合には、該ジェランガムが外気から遮断されるので、前記ファントムにおけるカビ等の発生を防止することができる。
Further, if the phantom is accommodated inside a container that can transmit the radiation and the light and the inside of the container is shielded from the outside air, the phantom can be easily stored. In particular, when the first member is made of the gellan gum, the gellan gum is shielded from the outside air, so that generation of mold or the like in the phantom can be prevented.
この場合、前記容器は、前記ファントムを収容すると共に該ファントムの収容領域に連通する開口部が形成された容器本体と、該容器本体に前記ファントムが収容された状態で前記開口部を閉塞するカバー部材とを有し、前記カバー部材は、前記容器本体よりも薄厚であり、前記生検針は、前記カバー部材を突き破って前記第1部材に穿刺されてもよい。これにより、医師は、前記容器から前記ファントムを取り出さなくても、前記ファントムを前記容器に収容した状態のままでバイオプシのトレーニングを行うことができるので、該ファントムを容易に取り扱うことができる。
In this case, the container accommodates the phantom and has a container body in which an opening communicating with the housing area of the phantom is formed, and a cover that closes the opening in a state where the phantom is housed in the container body The cover member may be thinner than the container body, and the biopsy needle may be pierced into the first member by breaking through the cover member. Thus, the doctor can easily handle the phantom without taking out the phantom from the container, since the biopsy training can be performed while the phantom is housed in the container.
なお、前記容器において、前記ファントムの上面と前記カバー部材とを密接させてもよいし、前記容器内に不活性気体を充填させてもよい。
In the container, the upper surface of the phantom and the cover member may be brought into close contact with each other, or the container may be filled with an inert gas.
また、上述したバイオプシ用ファントムは、下記の工程により製造される。
Also, the biopsy phantom described above is manufactured by the following process.
すなわち、本発明に係るバイオプシ用ファントムの製造方法は、生体を模擬した第1部材と、前記生体内の石灰化組織を模擬し且つ前記第1部材に内蔵される第2部材とを有するバイオプシ用ファントムの製造方法であって、
ジェランガムの粉末を水に溶かしたものを固化して第1層を形成する工程と、
固化した前記第1層の上面に複数の前記第2部材を分散配置する工程と、
ジェランガムの粉末を水に溶かしたものを前記第1層の上面で固化して第2層を形成することにより、前記第1層及び前記第2層から構成される前記第1部材内に前記各第2部材を配置する工程と、
からなることを特徴としている。 That is, the biopsy phantom manufacturing method according to the present invention includes a first member that simulates a living body and a second member that simulates a calcified tissue in the living body and is incorporated in the first member. A phantom manufacturing method,
Solidifying a gellan gum powder in water to form a first layer;
A step of dispersing and arranging the plurality of second members on the upper surface of the solidified first layer;
Each gellan gum powder dissolved in water is solidified on the upper surface of the first layer to form a second layer, whereby each of the first members composed of the first layer and the second layer is included in the first member. Arranging the second member;
It is characterized by consisting of.
ジェランガムの粉末を水に溶かしたものを固化して第1層を形成する工程と、
固化した前記第1層の上面に複数の前記第2部材を分散配置する工程と、
ジェランガムの粉末を水に溶かしたものを前記第1層の上面で固化して第2層を形成することにより、前記第1層及び前記第2層から構成される前記第1部材内に前記各第2部材を配置する工程と、
からなることを特徴としている。 That is, the biopsy phantom manufacturing method according to the present invention includes a first member that simulates a living body and a second member that simulates a calcified tissue in the living body and is incorporated in the first member. A phantom manufacturing method,
Solidifying a gellan gum powder in water to form a first layer;
A step of dispersing and arranging the plurality of second members on the upper surface of the solidified first layer;
Each gellan gum powder dissolved in water is solidified on the upper surface of the first layer to form a second layer, whereby each of the first members composed of the first layer and the second layer is included in the first member. Arranging the second member;
It is characterized by consisting of.
本発明に係るファントム及びその製造方法の好適な実施形態について、図1A~図10を参照しながら、詳細に説明する。
Preferred embodiments of the phantom and the manufacturing method thereof according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1A to 10.
本実施形態に係るファントム10は、図1A及び図1Bに示すように、人体等の生体の検査対象物(例えば、乳房)を模擬した第1部材12と、検査対象物中の石灰化組織を模擬した第2部材16とを有しており、医師が生検針30(図3A参照)を穿刺して第2部材16を採取するためのバイオプシのトレーニング用ファントムとして用いられる。この場合、矩形状の第1部材12は、ブロック状の第1層12aと第2層12bとを順に積層することにより構成され、第1層12aと第2層12bとの界面14に複数の粒子状の第2部材16が配置されている。
As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the phantom 10 according to the present embodiment includes a first member 12 that simulates a test object (eg, breast) of a living body such as a human body, and a calcified tissue in the test object. It has a simulated second member 16 and is used as a biopsy training phantom for a doctor to puncture the biopsy needle 30 (see FIG. 3A) and collect the second member 16. In this case, the rectangular first member 12 is configured by sequentially stacking a block-shaped first layer 12a and a second layer 12b, and a plurality of interfaces are formed on the interface 14 between the first layer 12a and the second layer 12b. A particulate second member 16 is disposed.
ここで、ファントム10の各構成要素について、詳しく説明する。
Here, each component of the phantom 10 will be described in detail.
第1部材12は、放射線及び光を透過可能な多糖類を含み構成されている。前記多糖類は、微生物発酵法により産出され且つゼラチンよりも粘度の高い水溶性の天然高分子多糖類、より好ましくは、ジェランガムである。一方、第2部材16は、第1部材12と比較して放射線及び光に対する透過率の低い物質、又は、放射線及び光に対して不透過な物質からなる。具体的に、第2部材16は、金属又はセラミックス、より好ましくは、鉛又はアルミナからなる。また、第2部材16は、乳房中の実際の石灰化組織と略同等のサイズである100μm~500μmの直径を有する粒子であり、このサイズは、生検針30の外径、より好ましくは、生検針30の中空部分36の内径(数mm程度)よりも小さなサイズである。
The first member 12 includes a polysaccharide that can transmit radiation and light. The polysaccharide is a water-soluble natural polymer polysaccharide produced by a microbial fermentation method and having a viscosity higher than that of gelatin, more preferably gellan gum. On the other hand, the second member 16 is made of a material having a low transmittance with respect to radiation and light as compared with the first member 12 or a material impermeable to radiation and light. Specifically, the second member 16 is made of metal or ceramic, more preferably lead or alumina. The second member 16 is a particle having a diameter of 100 μm to 500 μm, which is approximately the same size as the actual calcified tissue in the breast, and this size is the outer diameter of the biopsy needle 30, more preferably the raw material. The size is smaller than the inner diameter (approximately several mm) of the hollow portion 36 of the meter-reading 30.
そして、本実施形態に係るファントム10は、例えば、次の(1)~(4)の工程(バイオプシ用ファントムの製造方法)によって製造される。(1)ジェランガムの粉末を水に溶かしてゾル状にしたものを、図示しない矩形状の型枠の底部に流し込んで固化させる(ゲル状にする)ことにより第1層12aを形成する。(2)固化した第1層12aの上面に複数の第2部材16を分散配置する。(3)ジェランガムの粉末を水に溶かしてゾル状にしたものを、前記型枠の側面及び第1層12aの上面により形成される空間に流し込んで固化させることにより第2層12bを形成する。これにより、ファントム10が完成する。(4)完成したファントム10を前記型枠から取り出す。
The phantom 10 according to the present embodiment is manufactured, for example, by the following steps (1) to (4) (a method for manufacturing a biopsy phantom). (1) The gellan gum powder dissolved in water to form a sol is poured into a bottom of a rectangular mold (not shown) and solidified (gelled) to form the first layer 12a. (2) A plurality of second members 16 are dispersedly arranged on the upper surface of the solidified first layer 12a. (3) A gel layer gum powder dissolved in water to form a sol is poured into a space formed by the side surface of the mold and the top surface of the first layer 12a to solidify, thereby forming the second layer 12b. Thereby, the phantom 10 is completed. (4) The completed phantom 10 is taken out from the mold.
ゲル状のジェランガムから構成される第1部材12は、外気に触れるとカビ等が発生する可能性があるため、図2A及び図2Bのように、放射線及び光を透過可能な容器18内に収容される。
Since the first member 12 made of gel-like gellan gum may generate mold when exposed to the outside air, it is housed in a container 18 that can transmit radiation and light as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. Is done.
容器18は、ファントム10を収容するための開口部28が形成された略矩形状の容器本体20と、容器本体20にファントム10が収容された状態で容器本体20上端のフランジ22及び開口部28を覆うシート状のカバー部材24とを有する。カバー部材24が開口部28を閉塞することで、容器18内部と外気とが遮断されると共に、ファントム10を内蔵(収容)するための室26が形成される。この場合、カバー部材24の厚みは、容器本体20の厚みよりも薄く設定されている。なお、室26において、ファントム10とカバー部材24との間には、例えば、不活性気体を充填することが望ましい。あるいは、このような隙間を設けず、ファントム10の上面とカバー部材24とが密接するように、容器18内にファントム10を密封させてもよい。
The container 18 includes a substantially rectangular container body 20 in which an opening 28 for accommodating the phantom 10 is formed, and a flange 22 and an opening 28 at the upper end of the container body 20 in a state where the phantom 10 is accommodated in the container body 20. And a sheet-like cover member 24 covering the. When the cover member 24 closes the opening 28, the inside of the container 18 and the outside air are blocked, and a chamber 26 for containing (accommodating) the phantom 10 is formed. In this case, the thickness of the cover member 24 is set to be thinner than the thickness of the container body 20. In the chamber 26, it is desirable to fill, for example, an inert gas between the phantom 10 and the cover member 24. Alternatively, the phantom 10 may be sealed in the container 18 so that the upper surface of the phantom 10 and the cover member 24 are in close contact without providing such a gap.
また、第1部材12でのカビの発生を防止するために、防カビ剤又はにがりを第1部材12に添加してもよい。あるいは、容器18にファントム10を収容する際、ファントム10と容器本体20及びカバー部材24との隙間に、防カビ剤又はにがりが添加された液体を充填し、その後、フランジ22及び開口部28をカバー部材24で覆って容器18内にファントム10を密封させても、第1部材12でのカビの発生を防止することができる。
Further, in order to prevent the occurrence of mold in the first member 12, an antifungal agent or bittern may be added to the first member 12. Alternatively, when the phantom 10 is housed in the container 18, the gap between the phantom 10, the container body 20 and the cover member 24 is filled with a liquid to which an antifungal agent or bittern is added, and then the flange 22 and the opening 28 are formed. Even if it is covered with the cover member 24 and the phantom 10 is sealed in the container 18, generation of mold in the first member 12 can be prevented.
次に、このようにして構成されるファントム10を用いて、医師は、下記の[1]~[6]の順に、検査対象物(乳房)に対するバイオプシのトレーニングを行う。
Next, using the phantom 10 configured as described above, the doctor performs biopsy training on the examination object (breast) in the order of [1] to [6] below.
[1]先ず、図3A及び図3Bに示すように、ファントム10を収容した容器18上方に生検針30を位置した状態で、外部から放射線を照射する1回目のステレオ撮影を行うことにより、ファントム10、容器18及び生検針30のステレオ画像を取得し、その後、採取すべき所望の第2部材16の3次元座標位置と生検針30の3次元座標位置とを算出する。なお、ステレオ撮影の方法及びステレオ画像からの各3次元座標位置の算出方法に関しては後述する。
[1] First, as shown in FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B, by performing the first stereo imaging in which radiation is irradiated from the outside with the biopsy needle 30 positioned above the container 18 containing the phantom 10, 10. A stereo image of the container 18 and the biopsy needle 30 is acquired, and then the three-dimensional coordinate position of the desired second member 16 to be collected and the three-dimensional coordinate position of the biopsy needle 30 are calculated. Note that a stereo shooting method and a method of calculating each three-dimensional coordinate position from the stereo image will be described later.
ここで、生検針30は、検査対象物に対するバイオプシに実際に用いられる生検針である。この場合、生検針30では、中空円筒の針本体32の先端部34が鋭利な形状に加工され、該先端部34近傍の針本体32の側面には、中空部分36に連通する開口部38が形成されている。また、中空部分36には、中空の円筒カッター40(図3A~図7A参照)が先端部34の方向に対して進退自在に配設されている。そして、中空部分36及び円筒カッター40の中空部には、図示しない吸引ポンプが連結されている。
Here, the biopsy needle 30 is a biopsy needle that is actually used for biopsy for an inspection object. In this case, in the biopsy needle 30, the distal end portion 34 of the hollow cylindrical needle body 32 is processed into a sharp shape, and an opening 38 communicating with the hollow portion 36 is formed on the side surface of the needle body 32 in the vicinity of the distal end portion 34. Is formed. Further, a hollow cylindrical cutter 40 (see FIGS. 3A to 7A) is disposed in the hollow portion 36 so as to be able to advance and retreat with respect to the direction of the tip end portion 34. A suction pump (not shown) is connected to the hollow portion 36 and the hollow portion of the cylindrical cutter 40.
従って、生検針30では、前記吸引ポンプの駆動によって、開口部38、中空部分36及び円筒カッター40の中空部を介して、開口部38近傍の物体を中空部分36内に吸引しつつ、円筒カッター40を先端部34の方向に進行させることにより、吸引した物体の一部を切断するVAB(Vacuum Assisted Biopsy)を行うことが可能である。
Therefore, in the biopsy needle 30, the suction pump is driven to suck the object in the vicinity of the opening 38 into the hollow portion 36 through the opening 38, the hollow portion 36, and the hollow portion of the cylindrical cutter 40. By moving 40 toward the tip 34, it is possible to perform VAB (Vacuum Assisted Biopsy) for cutting a part of the sucked object.
なお、図3A~図7Aでは、生検針30の構造を詳しく図示するために、該生検針30を誇張して図示している。
In FIGS. 3A to 7A, the biopsy needle 30 is exaggerated in order to illustrate the structure of the biopsy needle 30 in detail.
[2]医師は、算出された各3次元座標位置に基づいて、採取対象の第2部材16の上方に生検針30の先端部34を移動させた後、該生検針30をファントム10に向かって進行(下降)させる。これにより、生検針30の先端部34は、図4Aに示すように、薄厚のカバー部材24を突き破って容器18内に進入し、ファントム10を構成する第2層12bの上面に到達する。この場合、生検針30の先端部34は、第2層12bの内部に進入してもよい。
[2] The doctor moves the tip 34 of the biopsy needle 30 above the second member 16 to be collected based on each calculated three-dimensional coordinate position, and then moves the biopsy needle 30 toward the phantom 10. To advance (descent). As a result, as shown in FIG. 4A, the distal end portion 34 of the biopsy needle 30 penetrates the thin cover member 24 and enters the container 18, and reaches the upper surface of the second layer 12 b constituting the phantom 10. In this case, the distal end portion 34 of the biopsy needle 30 may enter the second layer 12b.
生検針30の先端部34が第2層12bに到達した状態で、外部から放射線を照射する2回目のステレオ撮影を行うことにより、ファントム10、容器18及び生検針30のステレオ画像を再度取得し、その後、生検針30の開口部38を第2部材16近傍に位置させるために必要な該生検針30の移動量を算出する。
With the distal end portion 34 of the biopsy needle 30 reaching the second layer 12b, a stereo image of the phantom 10, the container 18, and the biopsy needle 30 is acquired again by performing a second stereo shooting in which radiation is irradiated from the outside. Thereafter, the amount of movement of the biopsy needle 30 necessary for positioning the opening 38 of the biopsy needle 30 in the vicinity of the second member 16 is calculated.
[3]次に、医師は、算出された生検針30の移動量だけ該生検針30を下降させることにより、図4B及び図5Aに示すように、第2部材16に対向する位置に開口部38を配置させ、この状態で外部から放射線を照射する3回目のステレオ撮影を行い、生検針30がファントム10に穿刺されたステレオ画像を取得する。これにより、採取対象の第2部材16近傍に生検針30の開口部38が配置されているか否かを確認することができる。
[3] Next, the doctor lowers the biopsy needle 30 by the calculated amount of movement of the biopsy needle 30, thereby opening the opening at a position facing the second member 16, as shown in FIGS. 4B and 5A. In this state, the third stereo imaging in which radiation is irradiated from the outside is performed, and a stereo image in which the biopsy needle 30 is punctured into the phantom 10 is acquired. Thereby, it can be confirmed whether or not the opening 38 of the biopsy needle 30 is disposed in the vicinity of the second member 16 to be collected.
なお、第2部材16は、第1層12aと第2層12bとの界面14に配置されているので、開口部38は、界面14を中心として第1層12aの一部、第2部材16及び第2層12bの一部と対向するように、上下方向に沿って配置される。また、生検針30をファントム10に穿刺させる場合には、例えば、医師が図示しない生検針30の操作部を操作することにより、該生検針30がバネの弾発力によって前記移動量だけファントム10内に一気に進入するようにしてもよい。
Since the second member 16 is disposed at the interface 14 between the first layer 12 a and the second layer 12 b, the opening 38 is a part of the first layer 12 a centering on the interface 14, the second member 16. And it arrange | positions along an up-down direction so that a part of 2nd layer 12b may be opposed. When the biopsy needle 30 is punctured into the phantom 10, for example, when a doctor operates an operation unit of the biopsy needle 30 (not shown), the biopsy needle 30 is moved by the amount of movement of the phantom 10 by the spring force of the spring. You may make it enter at a stretch.
[4]図5Aに示すように、生検針30の中空部分36及び円筒カッター40の中空部に連結された図示しない吸引ポンプを駆動させて、開口部38に対向する第2部材16及び該第2部材16近傍の第1部材12の一部を開口部38を介して中空部分36内に吸引する。
[4] As shown in FIG. 5A, the suction member (not shown) connected to the hollow portion 36 of the biopsy needle 30 and the hollow portion of the cylindrical cutter 40 is driven, and the second member 16 facing the opening 38 and the second member 16 are driven. A part of the first member 12 near the two members 16 is sucked into the hollow portion 36 through the opening 38.
前記吸引ポンプの吸引作用によって、中空部分36における開口部38に対向する箇所が、第2部材16及び第1部材12(第1層12a及び第2層12b)の一部で充満されている状態において、円筒カッター40を先端部34に向かって下降させることにより第2部材16及び第1部材12の一部が切断され、略円筒状の採取物42として採取される(図5B参照)。これにより、ファントム10における開口部38近傍の箇所には、第2部材16及び第1部材12の一部が生検針30によって切り取られた空洞44が形成される。
A portion of the hollow portion 36 facing the opening 38 is filled with a part of the second member 16 and the first member 12 (first layer 12a and second layer 12b) by the suction action of the suction pump. 2, the second member 16 and a part of the first member 12 are cut by lowering the cylindrical cutter 40 toward the distal end portion 34 and collected as a substantially cylindrical sample 42 (see FIG. 5B). Thereby, a cavity 44 in which a part of the second member 16 and the first member 12 is cut off by the biopsy needle 30 is formed at a location near the opening 38 in the phantom 10.
[5]図6Aに示すように、前記吸引ポンプの吸引作用によって、採取された採取物42を中空部分36及び円筒カッター40の中空部を介して吸引する一方で、図6B及び図7Aに示すように、生検針30をファントム10から上方に抜き取って、ファントム10及び容器18から離間させる。これにより、ファントム10には、空洞44に連通する生検針30の抜け跡46が形成される。
[5] As shown in FIG. 6A, the collected material 42 is sucked through the hollow portion 36 and the hollow portion of the cylindrical cutter 40 by the suction action of the suction pump, while shown in FIGS. 6B and 7A. As described above, the biopsy needle 30 is extracted upward from the phantom 10 and separated from the phantom 10 and the container 18. As a result, a trace 46 of the biopsy needle 30 communicating with the cavity 44 is formed in the phantom 10.
なお、採取物42が既に採取されているので、円筒カッター40の位置は、図3A及び図3Bに示す円筒カッター40の下降前の位置に戻してもよい。また、抜け跡46が形成されたファントム10及び容器18に対して4回目のステレオ撮影を行い、該ファントム10及び容器18のステレオ画像を取得してもよい。あるいは、ファントム10から生検針30を抜き取る前に4回目のステレオ撮影を行ってもよい。いずれの状態でステレオ撮影を行っても、採取対象の第2部材16がファントム10より採取されたか否かをステレオ画像から確認することができる。
In addition, since the collected material 42 has already been collected, the position of the cylindrical cutter 40 may be returned to the position before the cylindrical cutter 40 is lowered as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. Alternatively, the stereo image of the phantom 10 and the container 18 may be acquired by performing the fourth stereo shooting on the phantom 10 and the container 18 in which the trace 46 is formed. Alternatively, the fourth stereo shooting may be performed before the biopsy needle 30 is extracted from the phantom 10. Regardless of which state of the stereo shooting is performed, it can be confirmed from the stereo image whether or not the second member 16 to be sampled is collected from the phantom 10.
[6]生検針30から取り出された採取物42は、図7Bに示すように、第1層12aの一部である採取組織42aと、第2層12bの一部である採取組織42bと、採取対象の第2部材16である採取組織42cとから構成される。
[6] As shown in FIG. 7B, the collected material 42 taken out from the biopsy needle 30 includes a collected tissue 42a that is a part of the first layer 12a, a collected tissue 42b that is a part of the second layer 12b, It is composed of a collection tissue 42c which is the second member 16 to be collected.
前述したように、中空部分36における開口部38に対向する箇所を第2部材16及び第1部材12の一部で充満した状態で、円筒カッター40を下降させることにより採取物42が採取される。また、第1部材12は、ゼラチンよりも粘度の高いゲル状のジェランガムから構成されている。従って、採取物42は、ボロボロの形状ではなく、円筒カッター40の中空部に対応した円柱形状(採取時の形状)を維持していると共に、採取組織42a(第1層12aの一部)と採取組織42b(第2層12bの一部)との間に採取組織42c(第2部材16)が狭持された構造となっている。
As described above, the sample 42 is collected by lowering the cylindrical cutter 40 in a state where the portion of the hollow portion 36 facing the opening 38 is filled with a part of the second member 16 and the first member 12. . Moreover, the 1st member 12 is comprised from the gel-form gellan gum whose viscosity is higher than gelatin. Accordingly, the collected material 42 is not a tattered shape, but maintains a columnar shape (a shape at the time of collection) corresponding to the hollow portion of the cylindrical cutter 40, and the collected tissue 42a (a part of the first layer 12a). The structure is such that the collected tissue 42c (second member 16) is sandwiched between the collected tissue 42b (a part of the second layer 12b).
さらに、第1部材12は、放射線及び光を透過可能であるため、医師は、採取物42に対するステレオ撮影(放射線撮影)を実行しなくても、採取物42を直接視認することにより、該採取物42の内部に採取組織42cが存在しているか否かを容易に判断することができる。なお、採取物42に対して5回目のステレオ撮影を行い、該採取物42のステレオ画像(放射線画像)を取得してもよいことは勿論である。この場合でも、採取対象の第2部材16が採取組織42cとして採取物42内に存在しているか否かをステレオ画像から確認することができる。
Furthermore, since the first member 12 can transmit radiation and light, the doctor can directly collect the sample 42 by directly viewing the sample 42 without performing stereo imaging (radiography) of the sample 42. It can be easily determined whether or not the collected tissue 42c exists inside the object 42. Needless to say, a stereo image (radiation image) of the sample 42 may be acquired by performing the fifth stereo shooting of the sample 42. Even in this case, it can be confirmed from the stereo image whether the second member 16 to be collected is present in the collected material 42 as the collected tissue 42c.
なお、[6]の説明では、採取物42に対してステレオ撮影を行う場合について説明したが、該採取物42に対して1枚の放射線画像を取得するための放射線撮影を行い、取得した1枚の放射線画像から採取物42中の採取組織42c(第2部材16)の有無を判断してもよいことは勿論である。
In the description of [6], the case of performing stereo imaging on the sample 42 has been described. However, radiography for acquiring one radiographic image on the sample 42 was performed and acquired 1 Of course, the presence or absence of the collected tissue 42c (second member 16) in the collected material 42 may be determined from the radiation image of the sheet.
次に、前述したステレオ撮影を行うマンモグラフィ装置50と、前記ステレオ撮影により取得されるステレオ画像を用いた第2部材16及び生検針30の各3次元座標位置、並びに、生検針30の移動量の算出とに関し、図8~図10を参照しながら説明する。
Next, the mammography apparatus 50 that performs the above-described stereo imaging, the three-dimensional coordinate positions of the second member 16 and the biopsy needle 30 using the stereo image acquired by the stereo imaging, and the movement amount of the biopsy needle 30 are determined. The calculation will be described with reference to FIGS.
図8及び図9に示すマンモグラフィ装置50は、人体のマンモのステレオ画像を取得するための放射線撮影装置であるが、本実施形態では、容器18に収容されたファントム10、又は、採取物42のステレオ画像を取得するために該マンモグラフィ装置50を利用する。従って、以下の説明では、ファントム10又は採取物42のステレオ画像を得るために必要なマンモグラフィ装置50の構成について説明する。
The mammography apparatus 50 shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 is a radiographic apparatus for obtaining a stereo image of a mammo of the human body. In this embodiment, the phantom 10 or the collected material 42 contained in the container 18 is used. The mammography apparatus 50 is used to acquire a stereo image. Therefore, in the following description, the configuration of the mammography apparatus 50 necessary for obtaining a stereo image of the phantom 10 or the sample 42 will be described.
マンモグラフィ装置50は、立設状態に設置される基台52と、該基台52の略中央部に配設された旋回軸54の先端部に固定されるアーム部材56と、容器18に収容されたファントム10(又は採取物42)に対して放射線62を照射する放射線源64を収容し、アーム部材56の一端部に固定される放射線源収容部66と、ファントム10(又は採取物42)を透過した放射線62を検出する固体検出器(放射線検出器)68が収容され、アーム部材56の他端部に固定される撮影台70と、該撮影台70に対してファントム10を保持する圧迫板72と、圧迫板72に装着され、ファントム10から所望の第2部材16を採取するバイオプシハンド部76を備える。
The mammography apparatus 50 is housed in the container 18, a base 52 that is installed in an upright state, an arm member 56 that is fixed to a distal end portion of a pivot shaft 54 that is disposed at a substantially central portion of the base 52, and the container 18. The radiation source 64 for irradiating the radiation 62 to the phantom 10 (or the sample 42) is accommodated, and the radiation source accommodation unit 66 fixed to one end of the arm member 56 and the phantom 10 (or the sample 42) are arranged. An imaging table 70 that houses a solid state detector (radiation detector) 68 that detects the transmitted radiation 62 and is fixed to the other end of the arm member 56, and a compression plate that holds the phantom 10 with respect to the imaging table 70. 72 and a biopsy hand portion 76 that is attached to the compression plate 72 and collects a desired second member 16 from the phantom 10.
なお、圧迫板72は、撮影台70上に配置された容器18が動かない程度に撮影台70と協働して該容器18を保持している。また、採取物42が撮影台70上に配置される場合、圧迫板72は、採取物42と接触しない所定の高さ位置に配置される。さらに、マンモグラフィ装置50において、基台52には、ファントム10又は採取物42の撮影条件等を設定可能な表示操作部80が配設される。
The compression plate 72 holds the container 18 in cooperation with the imaging table 70 to the extent that the container 18 arranged on the imaging table 70 does not move. Further, when the sample 42 is arranged on the imaging table 70, the compression plate 72 is arranged at a predetermined height position that does not contact the sample 42. Further, in the mammography apparatus 50, a display operation unit 80 capable of setting shooting conditions of the phantom 10 or the sample 42 is disposed on the base 52.
放射線源収容部66及び撮影台70を連結するアーム部材56は、旋回軸54を中心として旋回することで、容器18に対する方向が調整可能に構成される。また、放射線源収容部66は、ヒンジ部82を介してアーム部材56に連結されており、矢印θ方向に撮影台70とは独立に旋回可能に構成される。アーム部材56の矢印X方向に沿った両側部には、図示しない人体が把持するための取手部84がそれぞれ設けられている。
The arm member 56 that couples the radiation source housing portion 66 and the imaging table 70 is configured to be adjustable about the direction with respect to the container 18 by turning about the turning shaft 54. In addition, the radiation source accommodating portion 66 is connected to the arm member 56 via the hinge portion 82, and is configured to be rotatable independently of the imaging table 70 in the direction of the arrow θ. On both side portions of the arm member 56 along the arrow X direction, handle portions 84 for gripping a human body (not shown) are provided.
圧迫板72は、アーム部材56に形成された溝部86に連結された状態で放射線源収容部66及び撮影台70間に配設されており、矢印Z方向に変位可能に構成される。圧迫板72上面(圧迫板72の放射線源64側に位置する面)のうち溝部86の近傍には、上述したバイオプシハンド部76が取り付けられている。また、圧迫板72の先端部側(容器18側)には、バイオプシハンド部76を用いた組織採取のための矩形状の開口部92が形成されている。
The compression plate 72 is disposed between the radiation source housing portion 66 and the imaging table 70 in a state where the compression plate 72 is coupled to a groove portion 86 formed in the arm member 56, and is configured to be displaceable in the arrow Z direction. The biopsy hand portion 76 described above is attached to the vicinity of the groove portion 86 on the upper surface of the compression plate 72 (the surface located on the radiation source 64 side of the compression plate 72). Further, a rectangular opening 92 for tissue collection using the biopsy hand portion 76 is formed on the distal end side (container 18 side) of the compression plate 72.
バイオプシハンド部76は、圧迫板72に固定されたポスト94と、ポスト94に一端部が軸支され、圧迫板72の面に沿って旋回可能な第1アーム96と、第1アーム96の他端部に一端部が軸支され、圧迫板72の面に沿って旋回可能な第2アーム98とを備える。第2アーム98の他端部には、矢印Z方向に移動可能な生検針30が装着される。
The biopsy hand section 76 includes a post 94 fixed to the compression plate 72, a first arm 96 pivotally supported along the surface of the compression plate 72, one end of which is pivotally supported on the post 94, and the first arm 96. One end is pivotally supported at the end, and a second arm 98 that can pivot along the surface of the compression plate 72 is provided. A biopsy needle 30 that can move in the arrow Z direction is attached to the other end of the second arm 98.
この場合、生検針30は、バイオプシハンド部76の第1アーム96及び第2アーム98によって圧迫板72の面に沿ったX-Y平面内で移動可能であると共に、医師が図示しない操作部を用いて生検針30を矢印Z方向に移動させることにより、生検針30の開口部38を前述した第2部材16の近傍に配置させることができる。
In this case, the biopsy needle 30 can be moved in the XY plane along the surface of the compression plate 72 by the first arm 96 and the second arm 98 of the biopsy hand unit 76, and a doctor operates an operation unit (not shown). By using and moving the biopsy needle 30 in the direction of arrow Z, the opening 38 of the biopsy needle 30 can be disposed in the vicinity of the second member 16 described above.
図10に示すように、マンモグラフィ装置50では、固体検出器68の垂直軸(中心軸)100に対して斜め(A位置及びB位置)に配置された放射線源64からファントム10が収容された容器18に対して放射線62a、62bを照射するステレオ撮影を行い、固体検出器68は、ステレオ撮影によりファントム10及び容器18を透過した放射線62a、62bを検出して放射線画像(ステレオ画像)にそれぞれ変換する。この場合、ステレオ撮影の撮影枚数や撮影順序は適宜設定される。また、A位置及びB位置間の放射線源64の移動は、上述したように、ヒンジ部82を中心として放射線源収容部66を回動させることにより行われる。
As shown in FIG. 10, in the mammography apparatus 50, the container in which the phantom 10 is accommodated from the radiation source 64 disposed obliquely (A position and B position) with respect to the vertical axis (center axis) 100 of the solid state detector 68. The solid detector 68 detects the radiations 62a and 62b that have passed through the phantom 10 and the container 18 and converts them into radiation images (stereo images). To do. In this case, the number of shots and the shooting order for stereo shooting are set as appropriate. Further, the movement of the radiation source 64 between the A position and the B position is performed by rotating the radiation source housing section 66 around the hinge section 82 as described above.
なお、本実施形態では、A位置及びB位置に放射線源64を配置した状態で放射線62a、62bをそれぞれ照射する場合について説明したが、垂直軸100上のC位置及びA位置に放射線源64を配置した状態で放射線62をそれぞれ照射するステレオ撮影や、C位置及びB位置に放射線源64を配置した状態で放射線62をそれぞれ照射するステレオ撮影も可能であることは勿論である。
In the present embodiment, the radiation 62a and 62b are irradiated with the radiation source 64 arranged at the A position and the B position, respectively. However, the radiation source 64 is disposed at the C position and the A position on the vertical axis 100. Of course, stereo imaging in which the radiation 62 is irradiated in the disposed state, and stereo imaging in which the radiation 62 is irradiated in the state where the radiation source 64 is disposed at the C position and the B position are possible.
また、図10では、一例として、ファントム10が収容された容器18に対するステレオ撮影について図示しているが、生検針30が穿刺されたファントム10、生検針30が抜き取られたファントム10、又は、採取物42に対しても、同様にしてステレオ撮影を行うことができることは勿論である。
In addition, in FIG. 10, as an example, stereo imaging with respect to the container 18 in which the phantom 10 is accommodated is illustrated, but the phantom 10 with the biopsy needle 30 punctured, the phantom 10 with the biopsy needle 30 removed, or collection Of course, the object 42 can be similarly stereo-photographed.
そして、前述の[1]及び[2]において、医師がファントム10中の所望の第2部材16を採取対象として決定し、例えば、図示しないディスプレイの画面に表示されたファントム10の2枚のステレオ画像中、採取対象の第2部材16をマウス等のポインティングデバイスを用いてそれぞれ選択指示すると、マンモグラフィ装置50に接続されたコンソール(コンピュータ)は、ステレオ撮影における公知の3次元座標位置の算出方法に基づいて、選択指示された第2部材16の3次元座標位置や生検針30の3次元座標位置を算出する。これにより、バイオプシハンド部76は、第1アーム96及び第2アーム98を操作して生検針30をX-Y平面内で移動させ、該生検針30の先端部34を第2部材16上方に配置することが可能となる。
In [1] and [2] described above, the doctor determines a desired second member 16 in the phantom 10 as a collection target, and, for example, two stereos of the phantom 10 displayed on a display screen (not shown). In the image, when the second member 16 to be collected is selected and instructed using a pointing device such as a mouse, the console (computer) connected to the mammography apparatus 50 uses a known three-dimensional coordinate position calculation method in stereo photography. Based on this, the three-dimensional coordinate position of the second member 16 instructed to select and the three-dimensional coordinate position of the biopsy needle 30 are calculated. As a result, the biopsy hand unit 76 operates the first arm 96 and the second arm 98 to move the biopsy needle 30 in the XY plane, and moves the distal end portion 34 of the biopsy needle 30 above the second member 16. It becomes possible to arrange.
また、[2]において、生検針30の先端部34が第2層12bに到達した状態でステレオ撮影が行われ、ファントム10、容器18及び生検針30を含むステレオ画像が取得された場合、前記コンピュータは、前記公知の3次元座標位置の算出方法に基づいて、生検針30の先端部34又は開口部38の3次元座標位置と、第2部材16の3次元座標位置とをそれぞれ算出した後に、算出した各3次元座標位置に基づいて生検針30の移動量を算出し、算出した移動量を前記ディスプレイ又は表示操作部80に表示させる。これにより、[3]において、医師は、図示しない操作部を操作して、生検針30の開口部38を矢印Z方向に沿って第2部材16近傍にまで進行させることができる。
In [2], when stereo imaging is performed with the distal end portion 34 of the biopsy needle 30 reaching the second layer 12b and a stereo image including the phantom 10, the container 18, and the biopsy needle 30 is acquired, The computer calculates the three-dimensional coordinate position of the distal end portion 34 or the opening 38 of the biopsy needle 30 and the three-dimensional coordinate position of the second member 16 based on the known three-dimensional coordinate position calculation method. The amount of movement of the biopsy needle 30 is calculated based on each calculated three-dimensional coordinate position, and the calculated amount of movement is displayed on the display or the display operation unit 80. Thereby, in [3], the doctor can operate the operation unit (not shown) to advance the opening 38 of the biopsy needle 30 to the vicinity of the second member 16 along the arrow Z direction.
以上説明したように、本実施形態に係るファントム10によれば、石灰化組織を模擬した第2部材16が第1部材12に内蔵されているので、石灰化組織のような小さな組織を採取するためのバイオプシのトレーニングを行うことが可能になる。従って、医師がファントム10を用いてバイオプシのトレーニングを行うことにより、例えば、乳房内部の石灰化組織を採取するバイオプシに対する該医師の熟練度を向上させることができる。
As described above, according to the phantom 10 according to the present embodiment, since the second member 16 simulating a calcified tissue is built in the first member 12, a small tissue such as a calcified tissue is collected. It becomes possible to perform biopsy training for. Therefore, when a doctor performs biopsy training using the phantom 10, for example, the skill level of the doctor with respect to the biopsy for collecting calcified tissue in the breast can be improved.
また、ゼラチンよりも粘度の高い多糖類から第1部材12が構成されているので、例えば、VABにより、医師が第1部材12に生検針30を穿刺して、生検針30が第2部材16及び該第2部材16近傍の第1部材12の一部を吸引しつつ、第2部材16及び第1部材12の一部を採取物42として採取し、その後、第1部材12から生検針30を抜き取って該生検針30から採取物42を取り出した場合に、取り出された採取物42の形状は、採取時における第2部材16及び第1部材12の一部の形状を維持することができる。
In addition, since the first member 12 is made of a polysaccharide having a viscosity higher than that of gelatin, for example, the doctor punctures the first member 12 with the biopsy needle 30 by the VAB, and the biopsy needle 30 becomes the second member 16. The second member 16 and a part of the first member 12 are collected as the sample 42 while sucking a part of the first member 12 near the second member 16, and then the biopsy needle 30 from the first member 12. When the sample 42 is taken out from the biopsy needle 30 and the shape of the sample 42 taken out can be maintained as a part of the shape of the second member 16 and the first member 12 at the time of sampling. .
これにより、医師は、採取物42の中身を外部から容易に視認することが可能となる。すなわち、医師は、採取物42を分解しなくても、第2部材16(採取組織42c)の有無を容易に確認することが可能であるため、該採取物42の分析作業を容易に行うことができる。このように、採取物42中での採取組織42cの有無を容易に視認することができるので、採取物42に対する放射線撮影(放射線画像の取得)を行わなくても、採取対象の第2部材16に対して生検針30を正確に位置決めし、狙い通りに該第2部材16(採取組織42c)を含む採取物42が採取できたか否かを容易に確認することができる。
This makes it possible for the doctor to easily visually recognize the contents of the collected material 42 from the outside. That is, since the doctor can easily confirm the presence or absence of the second member 16 (collected tissue 42c) without disassembling the collected material 42, the analysis work of the collected material 42 can be easily performed. Can do. In this manner, since the presence or absence of the collected tissue 42c in the collected material 42 can be easily visually confirmed, the second member 16 to be collected can be obtained without performing radiography (acquisition of a radiation image) on the collected material 42. Therefore, the biopsy needle 30 can be accurately positioned, and it can be easily confirmed whether or not the sample 42 including the second member 16 (collected tissue 42c) has been sampled as intended.
また、第2部材16が第1部材12と比較して放射線及び光に対する透過率が低い物質であるか、又は、放射線及び光に対して不透過な物質であるため、医師が採取物42を視認しても、あるいは、採取物42に対する放射線撮影を行っても、いずれの場合でも、採取物42中の第1部材12と第2部材16(採取組織42c)とを容易に識別することが可能となる。
In addition, since the second member 16 is a substance having a low transmittance for radiation and light as compared to the first member 12 or a substance that is opaque to radiation and light, the doctor can remove the specimen 42. Even in the case of visual recognition or radiographic imaging of the collected material 42, the first member 12 and the second member 16 (collected tissue 42c) in the collected material 42 can be easily identified. It becomes possible.
ここで、水溶性の天然高分子多糖類であるジェランガムを用いて第1部材12を構成することにより、採取物42は、採取時における第2部材16及び第1部材12の一部の形状を容易に維持することができる。
Here, by forming the first member 12 using gellan gum, which is a water-soluble natural polymer polysaccharide, the collected material 42 has a shape of a part of the second member 16 and the first member 12 at the time of collection. Can be easily maintained.
また、固形物の金属又はセラミックスを第2部材16とすることにより、採取物42を採取した後に生検針30をファントム10から抜き取っても、該ファントム10に形成された生検針30の抜け跡46に金属又はセラミックスがへばりつくことを回避することができる。
Moreover, even if the biopsy needle 30 is extracted from the phantom 10 after collecting the sample 42 by using the solid metal or ceramic as the second member 16, the trace 46 of the biopsy needle 30 formed on the phantom 10 is extracted. It is possible to avoid metal or ceramics sticking to the surface.
特に、鉛又はアルミナを第2部材16とすれば、生検針30をファントム10に穿刺して採取物42を採取した後に、ファントム10から生検針30を抜き取っても、生検針30の抜け跡46に鉛又はアルミナがへばりつくことを確実に防止することができると共に、医師が採取物42を視認しても、あるいは、採取物42に対する放射線撮影を行って放射線画像を取得しても、いずれの場合でも、採取物42中の第1部材12と鉛又はアルミナ(第2部材16)とを容易に識別することができる。
In particular, if lead or alumina is used as the second member 16, even if the biopsy needle 30 is extracted from the phantom 10 after the biopsy needle 30 is punctured into the phantom 10 and the sample 42 is collected, the trace 46 of the biopsy needle 30 is removed. In this case, it is possible to reliably prevent lead or alumina from sticking to the surface, and even if a doctor visually recognizes the sample 42 or performs radiography of the sample 42 to obtain a radiographic image. However, the first member 12 and the lead or alumina (second member 16) in the sample 42 can be easily identified.
また、実際の石灰化組織と略同等のサイズである100μm~500μmの直径を有する金属(鉛)又はセラミックス(アルミナ)の粒子を第2部材16とすれば、医師は、石灰化組織に対して生検針30を±1mm程度の精度で位置決めするためのトレーニングを行うことも可能となるので、バイオプシに対する熟練度を一層向上させることができる。
Further, if the second member 16 is a metal (lead) or ceramic (alumina) particle having a diameter of 100 μm to 500 μm, which is approximately the same size as the actual calcified tissue, the doctor can Since it is possible to perform training for positioning the biopsy needle 30 with an accuracy of about ± 1 mm, the skill level of biopsy can be further improved.
さらに、生検針30の直径や中空部分36の内径よりも小さな金属(鉛)又はセラミックス(アルミナ)の粒子を第2部材16とすれば、石灰化組織に生検針30を正確に位置決めさせるためのトレーニングを医師に行わせることが可能となる。
Furthermore, if the metal (lead) or ceramics (alumina) particles smaller than the diameter of the biopsy needle 30 and the inner diameter of the hollow portion 36 are used as the second member 16, the biopsy needle 30 can be positioned accurately in the calcified tissue. Training can be performed by a doctor.
さらにまた、第1部材12を第1層12a及び第2層12bの積層構造で構成し、第1層12aと第2層12bとの界面14に第2部材16を配置すれば、前述したように、第1層12aの上面に第2部材16を配置した後に、該上面に第2層12bを積層させてファントム10を完成させることができるので、第1部材12に第2部材16を容易に内蔵させることができ、ファントム10を簡単に製造することができる。
Furthermore, if the first member 12 has a laminated structure of the first layer 12a and the second layer 12b, and the second member 16 is disposed at the interface 14 between the first layer 12a and the second layer 12b, as described above. In addition, after the second member 16 is disposed on the upper surface of the first layer 12a, the second layer 12b can be laminated on the upper surface to complete the phantom 10, so that the second member 16 can be easily attached to the first member 12. The phantom 10 can be easily manufactured.
また、放射線及び光を透過可能な容器18の内部にファントム10を収容して、該容器18の内部を外気と遮断させることで、該ファントム10の保管が容易になる。特に、第1部材12をジェランガムで構成した場合には、該ジェランガムが外気から遮断されるので、ファントム10におけるカビ等の発生を防止することができる。
Also, the phantom 10 can be stored easily by accommodating the phantom 10 inside the container 18 that can transmit radiation and light and blocking the inside of the container 18 from the outside air. In particular, when the first member 12 is made of gellan gum, the gellan gum is shielded from the outside air, so that generation of mold or the like in the phantom 10 can be prevented.
この場合、容器18のカバー部材24を、ファントム10を収容する容器本体20よりも薄厚とし、生検針30がカバー部材24を突き破って第1部材12に穿刺させるようにすれば、医師は、容器18からファントム10を取り出さなくても、ファントム10を容器18に収容した状態のままでバイオプシのトレーニングを行うことができるので、ファントム10を容易に取り扱うことができる。
In this case, if the cover member 24 of the container 18 is made thinner than the container body 20 that houses the phantom 10 and the biopsy needle 30 penetrates the cover member 24 and punctures the first member 12, the doctor can Even if the phantom 10 is not taken out of the phantom 10, the biopsy training can be performed while the phantom 10 is housed in the container 18, so that the phantom 10 can be easily handled.
なお、本発明は、上述の実施の形態に限らず、本発明の要旨を逸脱することなく、種々の構成を採り得ることは勿論である。
It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various configurations can be adopted without departing from the gist of the present invention.
Claims (13)
- 生体を模擬した第1部材(12)と、前記生体内の石灰化組織を模擬し且つ前記第1部材(12)に内蔵される第2部材(16)とを有し、
前記第1部材(12)は、放射線(62、62a、62b)及び光を透過可能な多糖類を含み、
前記第2部材(16)は、前記第1部材(12)と比較して前記放射線(62、62a、62b)及び前記光に対する透過率が低い物質であるか、又は、前記放射線(62、62a、62b)及び前記光に対して不透過な物質であることを特徴とするバイオプシ用ファントム。 A first member (12) simulating a living body, and a second member (16) simulating the calcified tissue in the living body and built in the first member (12),
The first member (12) includes radiation (62, 62a, 62b) and a polysaccharide capable of transmitting light,
The second member (16) is a material having a low transmittance with respect to the radiation (62, 62a, 62b) and the light as compared with the first member (12), or the radiation (62, 62a). 62b) and a biopsy phantom characterized by being a substance impermeable to light. - 請求項1記載のファントム(10)において、
前記第1部材(12)は、水溶性の天然高分子多糖類を含むことを特徴とするバイオプシ用ファントム。 The phantom (10) according to claim 1, wherein
The first member (12) is a biopsy phantom characterized by containing a water-soluble natural polymer polysaccharide. - 請求項2記載のファントム(10)において、
前記水溶性の天然高分子多糖類は、ジェランガムであることを特徴とするバイオプシ用ファントム。 The phantom (10) according to claim 2,
The biopsy phantom characterized in that the water-soluble natural polymer polysaccharide is gellan gum. - 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のファントム(10)において、
前記第2部材(16)は、金属又はセラミックスであることを特徴とするバイオプシ用ファントム。 The phantom (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The biopsy phantom, wherein the second member (16) is a metal or a ceramic. - 請求項4記載のファントム(10)において、
前記第2部材(16)は、鉛又はアルミナであることを特徴とするバイオプシ用ファントム。 The phantom (10) according to claim 4,
The biopsy phantom, wherein the second member (16) is lead or alumina. - 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のファントム(10)において、
前記第2部材(16)は、100μm~500μmの直径を有する粒子であることを特徴とするバイオプシ用ファントム。 The phantom (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The biopsy phantom, wherein the second member (16) is a particle having a diameter of 100 μm to 500 μm. - 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のファントム(10)において、
前記第2部材(16)は、前記第1部材(12)に穿刺されて前記第2部材(16)及び該第2部材(16)近傍の前記第1部材(12)の一部を採取物(42)として採取可能な生検針(30)の直径よりも小さな粒子であることを特徴とするバイオプシ用ファントム。 The phantom (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The second member (16) is punctured by the first member (12), and the second member (16) and a part of the first member (12) in the vicinity of the second member (16) are collected. (42) A biopsy phantom characterized by being particles smaller than the diameter of the biopsy needle (30) that can be collected. - 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のファントム(10)において、
前記第1部材(12)は、第1層(12a)と、該第1層(12a)に積層された第2層(12b)との積層構造からなり、
前記第1層(12a)と前記第2層(12b)との界面(14)に前記第2部材(16)が配置されていることを特徴とするバイオプシ用ファントム。 The phantom (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
The first member (12) has a laminated structure of a first layer (12a) and a second layer (12b) laminated on the first layer (12a).
The biopsy phantom, wherein the second member (16) is disposed at an interface (14) between the first layer (12a) and the second layer (12b). - 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のファントム(10)において、
該ファントム(10)は、前記放射線(62、62a、62b)及び前記光を透過可能な容器(18)の内部に収容され、
前記容器(18)の内部は、外気と遮断されていることを特徴とするバイオプシ用ファントム。 The phantom (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
The phantom (10) is housed in a container (18) capable of transmitting the radiation (62, 62a, 62b) and the light,
A biopsy phantom characterized in that the inside of the container (18) is blocked from outside air. - 請求項9記載のファントム(10)において、
前記容器(18)は、前記ファントム(10)を収容すると共に該ファントム(10)の収容領域に連通する開口部(28)が形成された容器本体(20)と、該容器本体(20)に前記ファントム(10)が収容された状態で前記開口部(28)を閉塞するカバー部材(24)とを有し、
前記カバー部材(24)は、前記容器本体(20)よりも薄厚であり、
前記第1部材(12)に穿刺されて前記第2部材(16)及び該第2部材(16)近傍の前記第1部材(12)の一部を採取物(42)として採取可能な生検針(30)は、前記カバー部材(24)を突き破って前記第1部材(12)に穿刺されることを特徴とするバイオプシ用ファントム。 The phantom (10) according to claim 9,
The container (18) accommodates the phantom (10) and has a container body (20) formed with an opening (28) communicating with the housing area of the phantom (10), and the container body (20). A cover member (24) for closing the opening (28) in a state in which the phantom (10) is accommodated,
The cover member (24) is thinner than the container body (20),
A biopsy needle that is punctured by the first member (12) and can collect a part of the second member (16) and the first member (12) in the vicinity of the second member (16) as a sample (42). (30) is a biopsy phantom characterized in that the first member (12) is punctured through the cover member (24). - 請求項10記載のファントム(10)において、
該ファントム(10)の上面と、前記カバー部材(24)とが密接していることを特徴とするバイオプシ用ファントム。 Phantom (10) according to claim 10,
A biopsy phantom characterized in that the upper surface of the phantom (10) and the cover member (24) are in intimate contact. - 請求項9又は10記載のファントム(10)において、
前記容器(18)内には、不活性気体が充填されていることを特徴とするバイオプシ用ファントム。 Phantom (10) according to claim 9 or 10,
A biopsy phantom characterized in that the container (18) is filled with an inert gas. - 生体を模擬した第1部材(12)と、前記生体内の石灰化組織を模擬し且つ前記第1部材(12)に内蔵される第2部材(16)とを有するバイオプシ用ファントム(10)の製造方法において、
ジェランガムの粉末を水に溶かしたものを固化して第1層(12a)を形成する工程と、
固化した前記第1層(12a)の上面に複数の前記第2部材(16)を分散配置する工程と、
ジェランガムの粉末を水に溶かしたものを前記第1層(12a)の上面で固化して第2層(12b)を形成することにより、前記第1層(12a)及び前記第2層(12b)から構成される前記第1部材(12)内に前記各第2部材(16)を配置する工程と、
からなることを特徴とするバイオプシ用ファントム(10)の製造方法。 A biopsy phantom (10) having a first member (12) simulating a living body and a second member (16) simulating a calcified tissue in the living body and built in the first member (12) In the manufacturing method,
A step of solidifying a gellan gum powder in water to form a first layer (12a);
A step of dispersing and arranging a plurality of the second members (16) on the upper surface of the solidified first layer (12a);
Gelatin gum powder dissolved in water is solidified on the upper surface of the first layer (12a) to form the second layer (12b), whereby the first layer (12a) and the second layer (12b) Disposing each second member (16) in the first member (12) comprising:
A method for producing a biopsy phantom (10), comprising:
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