JP2012055549A - Phantom for biopsy - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable training for a biopsy to sample a small tissue such as a calcified tissue, and visually recognize the content of a sample easily from the outer side.SOLUTION: The phantom (10) includes a first member (12) simulating a living body, and a second member (16) simulating the calcified tissue in the living body, and contained in the first member (12). In this case, the first member (12) includes polysaccharides to which radial rays and light are transmittable. The second member (16) is a substance with a lower transmission factor to radial rays and light as compared to the first member (12), or a substance to which radial rays and light are not transmittable.

Description

  The present invention provides the inspection object used for biopsy training for the doctor to puncture a biological inspection object such as a human body with a biopsy needle and collect the tissue of the biopsy site in the inspection object, and the biopsy It relates to a phantom that simulates the tissue of a test site.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, biopsies have been widely performed in which a doctor punctures a biopsy needle such as a human body with a biopsy needle to collect a tissue at a biopsy site in the test object. In this case, since it is difficult to visually recognize a biopsy site (for example, a lesion in the breast) in the inspection object from the outside, the biopsy performs stereo imaging for irradiating the inspection object with radiation and performs the inspection. After obtaining a stereo image of the object, a three-dimensional coordinate position of the biopsy site is calculated from the stereo image, and then a doctor uses the biopsy needle to the inspection object based on the calculated three-dimensional coordinate position. The tissue at the biopsy site is collected with the biopsy needle. Since the collected tissue is also opaque, it is possible to confirm the inside of the tissue based on the radiographic image by performing radiography on the tissue and acquiring a radiographic image.

  As described above, in biopsies, it is necessary to collect a tissue of a biopsy site that is difficult to visually recognize from the outside. On the other hand, a biopsy needle is punctured into a test object without damaging the living body so much. It is desirable to be able to collect tissue reliably and accurately. Therefore, in recent years, a phantom for biopsy has been developed that simulates an inspection object of a human body and a tissue of a biopsy site for the purpose of improving the skill level of a doctor for biopsy (see Patent Document 1).

  The phantom of Patent Document 1 incorporates a liquid iodine (a black pigment) that simulates a tumor as a tissue of a biopsy site in gelatin that simulates a breast as an inspection object. In this case, the gelatin is a material that transmits radiation and light, and the black pigment is a material that is opaque to the radiation and light. Therefore, the doctor punctures the phantom with a biopsy needle, collects the black pigment and a part of the gelatin in the vicinity of the black pigment as a collection, removes the biopsy needle from the phantom and removes the collection. By taking out, biopsy training using the phantom can be performed.

US Pat. No. 5,273,435

  However, in the phantom of Patent Document 1, the black pigment has a diameter of about several millimeters simulating a tumor and is a liquid substance of iodine. For this reason, when a doctor punctures the biopsy needle and collects the black pigment, the collected material has a shape different from an actual tumor while the liquid material has spread. Therefore, even if the doctor performs biopsy training using the phantom, it is difficult to improve the skill level of the biopsy.

  In biopsies in the breast, it is important to be able to collect calcified tissue having a size of about several hundred μm to several mm. However, even if a doctor performs training using the phantom of Patent Document 1, the skill level of biopsy for the calcified tissue of the breast cannot be improved.

  Further, when the diameter of the black pigment is larger than the diameter of the biopsy needle, when the doctor pulls out the biopsy needle from which the black pigment has been collected from the phantom, the black pigment sticks to the trace of the biopsy needle in the phantom. In the case of biopsy in the breast, a part of the collected calcified tissue does not stick to the trace of the biopsy needle. Therefore, such adhesion of the black pigment is a phenomenon that cannot normally occur in an actual biopsy.

  Furthermore, a biopsy needle composed of a hollow cylinder with a sharp tip is punctured into the phantom, and the black pigment and gelatin in the vicinity of the opening are sucked from the opening formed near the tip through the hollow portion. However, when biopsy training is performed by VAB (Vacuum Assisted Biopsy) that collects a part of the black pigment and the gelatin, the black pigment is collected by diffused reflection of light because the collected material becomes tattered by suction. It is difficult to see whether or not

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and enables training of biopsies for collecting small tissues such as calcified tissues, and allows the contents of the collected materials to be easily visually recognized from the outside. It aims to provide a phantom that can be used.

  In order to achieve the above object, a phantom according to the present invention has a first member that simulates a living body, and a second member that simulates a calcified tissue in the living body and is built in the first member. The first member includes a polysaccharide capable of transmitting radiation and light, and the second member is a substance having a low transmittance for the radiation and light compared to the first member, or It is a substance that is opaque to the radiation and the light.

  According to this configuration, since the second member simulating the calcified tissue is built in the first member, biopsy training for collecting a small tissue such as the calcified tissue can be performed. It becomes possible. Therefore, when a doctor performs biopsy training using the phantom, for example, the doctor's skill in biopsy for collecting calcified tissue in the breast can be improved.

  In addition, since the polysaccharide having a viscosity higher than that of gelatin is used as the first member, the doctor punctures the first member with a biopsy needle by, for example, VAB, and the biopsy needle is inserted into the second member and the second member. While sucking a part of the first member in the vicinity of the second member, the second member and a part of the first member are collected as a sample, and then the biopsy needle is extracted from the first member When the sample is taken out from the biopsy needle, the shape of the sample taken out can maintain the shape of a part of the second member and the first member at the time of collection.

  Thereby, the doctor can easily visually recognize the contents of the collected material from the outside. That is, since the doctor can easily check the presence or absence of the second member without disassembling the collected material, the collected material can be easily analyzed. As described above, since the presence or absence of the second member in the sample can be easily recognized, the second object to be sampled can be obtained without performing radiography (acquisition of a radiation image) on the sample. The biopsy needle can be accurately positioned with respect to the member, and it can be easily confirmed whether or not the sample containing the second member has been collected as intended.

  In addition, since the second member is a substance having a low transmittance with respect to the radiation and the light compared to the first member, or is a substance that is impermeable to the radiation and the light, the doctor In either case, the first member and the second member in the sample are collected even if the sample is visually recognized or a radiographic image is obtained by performing radiography on the sample. It can be easily identified.

  Here, the first member includes a water-soluble natural polymer polysaccharide, and more preferably, the water-soluble natural polymer polysaccharide is gellan gum. Thereby, the said extract can maintain the shape of a part of said 2nd member and said 1st member at the time of extraction | collection easily.

  In addition, by using a solid metal or ceramic as the second member, even if the biopsy needle is extracted from the phantom after the sample is collected, the biopsy needle formed on the phantom is traced to the trace. It is possible to avoid sticking of the metal or the ceramic.

  In particular, if lead or alumina is used as the second member, even if the biopsy needle is extracted from the phantom after the biopsy needle is punctured into the phantom, the biopsy needle is removed from the biopsy needle. It is possible to reliably prevent the lead or the alumina from sticking, and even if the doctor visually recognizes the collected material, or performs radiography on the collected material, Even in this case, the first member and the lead or the alumina in the sample can be easily identified.

  Moreover, if the particle | grains which have a diameter of 100 micrometers-500 micrometers which is a size substantially equivalent to an actual calcification structure | tissue are made into the said 2nd member, a doctor will have the precision of about +/- 1mm about the said biopsy needle with respect to the said calcification structure | tissue. It is also possible to perform training for positioning with the, so that the skill level of biopsy can be further improved.

  Furthermore, if particles smaller than the diameter of the biopsy needle are used as the second member, it is possible to allow a doctor to perform training for accurately positioning the biopsy needle in the calcified tissue.

  Furthermore, the first member is constituted by a laminated structure of a first layer and a second layer laminated on the first layer, and the second member is provided at an interface between the first layer and the second layer. You may arrange. Thus, for example, after the second member is arranged on the upper surface of the first layer, the phantom is completed by laminating the second layer on the upper surface of the first layer on which the second member is arranged. be able to. As a result, the second member can be easily built in the first member, and the phantom can be easily manufactured.

  Further, if the phantom is accommodated in a container that can transmit the radiation and the light and the inside of the container is blocked from outside air, the phantom can be easily stored. In particular, when the first member is made of the gellan gum, the gellan gum is shielded from the outside air, so that generation of mold or the like in the phantom can be prevented.

  In this case, the container accommodates the phantom and has a container body in which an opening communicating with the housing area of the phantom is formed, and a cover that closes the opening in a state where the phantom is housed in the container body The cover member may be thinner than the container body, and the biopsy needle may be pierced into the first member by breaking through the cover member. Thus, the doctor can easily handle the phantom without taking out the phantom from the container, since the biopsy training can be performed while the phantom is housed in the container.

  According to the phantom of the present invention, since the second member simulating the calcified tissue is built in the first member, it is possible to perform biopsy training for collecting a small tissue such as the calcified tissue. It becomes possible. Therefore, when a doctor performs biopsy training using the phantom, for example, the doctor's skill in biopsy for collecting calcified tissue in the breast can be improved.

  In addition, since the first member is a polysaccharide having a viscosity higher than that of gelatin, for example, the doctor punctures the first member with a biopsy needle by VAB, and the biopsy needle has the second member and the second member. While sucking a part of the first member in the vicinity of two members, the second member and a part of the first member are collected as a sample, and then the biopsy needle is extracted from the first member and the biopsy needle is removed. When the sample is taken out from the meter reading, the shape of the sample taken out can maintain the shape of a part of the second member and the first member at the time of collection.

  Thereby, the doctor can easily visually recognize the contents of the collected material from the outside. That is, since the doctor can easily check the presence or absence of the second member without disassembling the collected material, the collected material can be easily analyzed. As described above, since the presence or absence of the second member in the sample can be easily recognized, the second object to be sampled can be obtained without performing radiography (acquisition of a radiation image) on the sample. The biopsy needle can be accurately positioned with respect to the member, and it can be easily confirmed whether or not the sample containing the second member has been collected as intended.

  In addition, since the second member is a substance having a low transmittance with respect to the radiation and the light compared to the first member, or is a substance that is impermeable to the radiation and the light, the doctor In either case, the first member and the second member in the sample are collected even if the sample is visually recognized or a radiographic image is obtained by performing radiography on the sample. It can be easily identified.

FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a phantom according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the phantom of FIG. 1A. 2A is a perspective view showing a state in which the phantom of FIGS. 1A and 1B is housed in a container, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the phantom and container of FIG. 2A. FIG. 3A is a perspective view before the biopsy needle is punctured into the container, and FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of the biopsy needle, phantom, and container of FIG. 3A. FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the distal end portion of the biopsy needle is torn off the cover member of the container, and FIG. 4B is a diagram showing the biopsy needle in a phantom so that the opening of the biopsy needle is positioned near the second member. It is a perspective view which shows the state punctured. FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the biopsy needle starts suctioning a part of the second member and the first member, and FIG. 5B shows a sample obtained by collecting a part of the second member and the first member. It is sectional drawing which shows the state extract | collected as. FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the collected material is sucked, and FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the biopsy needle is extracted from the phantom and the container. FIG. 7A is a perspective view showing a state in which the biopsy needle is pulled out from the phantom and the container, and FIG. 7B is a perspective view showing a sample taken out from the biopsy needle. It is a perspective view of a mammography apparatus. It is a partial side view of the mammography apparatus of FIG. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating typically the stereo imaging | photography by the mammography apparatus of FIG.

  A preferred embodiment of a phantom according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1A to 10.

  As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the phantom 10 according to the present embodiment includes a first member 12 that simulates a test object (eg, breast) of a living body such as a human body, and a calcified tissue in the test object. It has a simulated second member 16 and is used as a biopsy training phantom for a doctor to puncture the biopsy needle 30 (see FIG. 3A) and collect the second member 16. In this case, the rectangular first member 12 is configured by sequentially stacking a block-shaped first layer 12a and a second layer 12b, and a plurality of interfaces are formed on the interface 14 between the first layer 12a and the second layer 12b. A particulate second member 16 is disposed.

  Here, each component of the phantom 10 will be described in detail.

  The first member 12 includes a polysaccharide that can transmit radiation and light. The polysaccharide is a water-soluble natural polymer polysaccharide produced by a microbial fermentation method and having a viscosity higher than that of gelatin, more preferably gellan gum. On the other hand, the second member 16 is made of a material having a low transmittance with respect to radiation and light as compared with the first member 12 or a material impermeable to radiation and light. Specifically, the second member 16 is made of metal or ceramic, more preferably lead or alumina. The second member 16 is a particle having a diameter of 100 μm to 500 μm, which is approximately the same size as the actual calcified tissue in the breast, and this size is the outer diameter of the biopsy needle 30, more preferably the raw material. The size is smaller than the inner diameter (approximately several mm) of the hollow portion 36 of the meter-reading 30.

  And the phantom 10 which concerns on this embodiment is manufactured by the process of following (1)-(4), for example. (1) The gellan gum powder dissolved in water to form a sol is poured into a bottom of a rectangular mold (not shown) and solidified (gelled) to form the first layer 12a. (2) A plurality of second members 16 are dispersedly arranged on the upper surface of the solidified first layer 12a. (3) A gel layer gum powder dissolved in water to form a sol is poured into a space formed by the side surface of the mold and the top surface of the first layer 12a to solidify, thereby forming the second layer 12b. Thereby, the phantom 10 is completed. (4) The completed phantom 10 is taken out from the mold.

  Since the first member 12 made of gel-like gellan gum may generate mold when exposed to the outside air, it is housed in a container 18 that can transmit radiation and light as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. Is done.

  The container 18 includes a substantially rectangular container body 20 in which an opening 28 for accommodating the phantom 10 is formed, and a flange 22 and an opening 28 at the upper end of the container body 20 in a state where the phantom 10 is accommodated in the container body 20. And a sheet-like cover member 24 covering the. When the cover member 24 closes the opening 28, the inside of the container 18 and the outside air are blocked, and a chamber 26 for containing (accommodating) the phantom 10 is formed. In this case, the thickness of the cover member 24 is set to be thinner than the thickness of the container body 20. In the chamber 26, it is desirable to fill, for example, an inert gas between the phantom 10 and the cover member 24. Alternatively, the phantom 10 may be sealed in the container 18 so that the upper surface of the phantom 10 and the cover member 24 are in close contact without providing such a gap.

  Next, using the phantom 10 configured as described above, the doctor performs biopsy training on the inspection object (breast) in the order of [1] to [6] below.

  [1] First, as shown in FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B, by performing the first stereo imaging in which radiation is irradiated from the outside with the biopsy needle 30 positioned above the container 18 containing the phantom 10, 10. A stereo image of the container 18 and the biopsy needle 30 is acquired, and then the three-dimensional coordinate position of the desired second member 16 to be collected and the three-dimensional coordinate position of the biopsy needle 30 are calculated. Note that a stereo shooting method and a method of calculating each three-dimensional coordinate position from the stereo image will be described later.

  Here, the biopsy needle 30 is a biopsy needle that is actually used for biopsy with respect to an inspection object. In this case, in the biopsy needle 30, the distal end portion 34 of the hollow cylindrical needle body 32 is processed into a sharp shape, and an opening 38 communicating with the hollow portion 36 is formed on the side surface of the needle body 32 in the vicinity of the distal end portion 34. Is formed. Further, a hollow cylindrical cutter 40 (see FIGS. 3A to 7A) is disposed in the hollow portion 36 so as to be movable forward and backward with respect to the direction of the tip end portion 34. A suction pump (not shown) is connected to the hollow portion 36 and the hollow portion of the cylindrical cutter 40.

  Therefore, in the biopsy needle 30, the suction pump is driven to suck the object in the vicinity of the opening 38 into the hollow portion 36 through the opening 38, the hollow portion 36, and the hollow portion of the cylindrical cutter 40. By moving 40 in the direction of the distal end portion 34, it is possible to perform VAB (Vacuum Assisted Biopsy) for cutting a part of the sucked object.

  3A to 7A, the biopsy needle 30 is exaggerated in order to illustrate the structure of the biopsy needle 30 in detail.

  [2] The doctor moves the tip 34 of the biopsy needle 30 above the second member 16 to be collected based on each calculated three-dimensional coordinate position, and then moves the biopsy needle 30 toward the phantom 10. To advance (down). As a result, as shown in FIG. 4A, the distal end portion 34 of the biopsy needle 30 penetrates the thin cover member 24 and enters the container 18, and reaches the upper surface of the second layer 12 b constituting the phantom 10. In this case, the distal end portion 34 of the biopsy needle 30 may enter the second layer 12b.

  With the distal end portion 34 of the biopsy needle 30 reaching the second layer 12b, a stereo image of the phantom 10, the container 18, and the biopsy needle 30 is acquired again by performing a second stereo shooting in which radiation is irradiated from the outside. Thereafter, the amount of movement of the biopsy needle 30 necessary for positioning the opening 38 of the biopsy needle 30 in the vicinity of the second member 16 is calculated.

  [3] Next, the doctor lowers the biopsy needle 30 by the calculated amount of movement of the biopsy needle 30, thereby opening the opening at a position facing the second member 16, as shown in FIGS. 4B and 5A. In this state, the third stereo imaging in which radiation is irradiated from the outside is performed, and a stereo image in which the biopsy needle 30 is punctured into the phantom 10 is acquired. Thereby, it can be confirmed whether or not the opening 38 of the biopsy needle 30 is disposed in the vicinity of the second member 16 to be collected.

  Since the second member 16 is disposed at the interface 14 between the first layer 12 a and the second layer 12 b, the opening 38 is a part of the first layer 12 a centering on the interface 14, the second member 16. And it arrange | positions along an up-down direction so that a part of 2nd layer 12b may be opposed. When the biopsy needle 30 is punctured into the phantom 10, for example, when a doctor operates an operation unit of the biopsy needle 30 (not shown), the biopsy needle 30 is moved by the amount of movement of the phantom 10 by the spring force of the spring. You may make it enter at a stretch.

  [4] As shown in FIG. 5A, the suction member (not shown) connected to the hollow portion 36 of the biopsy needle 30 and the hollow portion of the cylindrical cutter 40 is driven, and the second member 16 facing the opening 38 and the second member 16 are driven. A part of the first member 12 near the two members 16 is sucked into the hollow portion 36 through the opening 38.

  A portion of the hollow portion 36 facing the opening 38 is filled with a part of the second member 16 and the first member 12 (first layer 12a and second layer 12b) by the suction action of the suction pump. 2, the second member 16 and a part of the first member 12 are cut by lowering the cylindrical cutter 40 toward the distal end portion 34 and collected as a substantially cylindrical sample 42 (see FIG. 5B). Thereby, a cavity 44 in which a part of the second member 16 and the first member 12 is cut off by the biopsy needle 30 is formed at a location near the opening 38 in the phantom 10.

  [5] As shown in FIG. 6A, the collected material 42 is sucked through the hollow portion 36 and the hollow portion of the cylindrical cutter 40 by the suction action of the suction pump, while shown in FIGS. 6B and 7A. As described above, the biopsy needle 30 is extracted upward from the phantom 10 and separated from the phantom 10 and the container 18. As a result, a trace 46 of the biopsy needle 30 communicating with the cavity 44 is formed in the phantom 10.

  Since the collected material 42 has already been collected, the position of the cylindrical cutter 40 may be returned to the position before the lowering of the cylindrical cutter 40 shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. Alternatively, the stereo image of the phantom 10 and the container 18 may be acquired by performing the fourth stereo shooting on the phantom 10 and the container 18 in which the trace 46 is formed. Alternatively, the fourth stereo shooting may be performed before the biopsy needle 30 is extracted from the phantom 10. Regardless of which state of the stereo shooting is performed, it can be confirmed from the stereo image whether or not the second member 16 to be sampled is collected from the phantom 10.

  [6] As shown in FIG. 7B, the collected material 42 taken out from the biopsy needle 30 includes a collected tissue 42a that is a part of the first layer 12a, a collected tissue 42b that is a part of the second layer 12b, It is composed of a collection tissue 42c which is the second member 16 to be collected.

  As described above, the sample 42 is collected by lowering the cylindrical cutter 40 in a state where the portion of the hollow portion 36 facing the opening 38 is filled with a part of the second member 16 and the first member 12. . Moreover, the 1st member 12 is comprised from the gel-form gellan gum whose viscosity is higher than gelatin. Accordingly, the collected material 42 is not a tattered shape, but maintains a columnar shape (a shape at the time of collection) corresponding to the hollow portion of the cylindrical cutter 40, and the collected tissue 42a (a part of the first layer 12a). The structure is such that the collected tissue 42c (second member 16) is sandwiched between the collected tissue 42b (a part of the second layer 12b).

  Furthermore, since the first member 12 can transmit radiation and light, the doctor can directly collect the sample 42 by directly viewing the sample 42 without performing stereo imaging (radiography) of the sample 42. It can be easily determined whether or not the collected tissue 42c exists inside the object 42. Needless to say, a stereo image (radiation image) of the sample 42 may be acquired by performing the fifth stereo shooting of the sample 42. Even in this case, it can be confirmed from the stereo image whether the second member 16 to be collected is present in the collected material 42 as the collected tissue 42c.

  In the description of [6], the case of performing stereo imaging on the sample 42 has been described. However, radiography for acquiring one radiographic image on the sample 42 was performed and acquired 1 Of course, the presence or absence of the collected tissue 42c (second member 16) in the collected material 42 may be determined from the radiation image of the sheet.

  Next, the mammography apparatus 50 that performs the above-described stereo imaging, the three-dimensional coordinate positions of the second member 16 and the biopsy needle 30 using the stereo image acquired by the stereo imaging, and the movement amount of the biopsy needle 30 are determined. The calculation will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The mammography apparatus 50 shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 is a radiographic apparatus for obtaining a stereo image of a mammo of the human body. In this embodiment, the phantom 10 or the collected material 42 contained in the container 18 is used. The mammography apparatus 50 is used to acquire a stereo image. Therefore, in the following description, the configuration of the mammography apparatus 50 necessary for obtaining a stereo image of the phantom 10 or the sample 42 will be described.

  The mammography apparatus 50 is housed in the container 18, a base 52 that is installed in an upright state, an arm member 56 that is fixed to a distal end portion of a pivot shaft 54 that is disposed at a substantially central portion of the base 52, and the container 18. The radiation source 64 for irradiating the radiation 62 to the phantom 10 (or the sample 42) is accommodated, and the radiation source accommodation unit 66 fixed to one end of the arm member 56 and the phantom 10 (or the sample 42) An imaging table 70 that houses a solid state detector (radiation detector) 68 that detects the transmitted radiation 62 and is fixed to the other end of the arm member 56, and a compression plate that holds the phantom 10 with respect to the imaging table 70. 72 and a biopsy hand portion 76 that is attached to the compression plate 72 and collects a desired second member 16 from the phantom 10.

  The compression plate 72 holds the container 18 in cooperation with the imaging table 70 to such an extent that the container 18 disposed on the imaging table 70 does not move. Further, when the sample 42 is arranged on the imaging table 70, the compression plate 72 is arranged at a predetermined height position that does not contact the sample 42. Further, in the mammography apparatus 50, a display operation unit 80 capable of setting shooting conditions of the phantom 10 or the sample 42 is disposed on the base 52.

  The arm member 56 that couples the radiation source accommodating portion 66 and the imaging stand 70 is configured to be adjustable with respect to the container 18 by turning around the turning shaft 54. In addition, the radiation source accommodating portion 66 is connected to the arm member 56 via the hinge portion 82, and is configured to be rotatable independently of the imaging table 70 in the direction of the arrow θ. On both side portions of the arm member 56 along the arrow X direction, handle portions 84 for gripping a human body (not shown) are provided.

  The compression plate 72 is disposed between the radiation source storage unit 66 and the imaging table 70 in a state where the compression plate 72 is connected to a groove 86 formed in the arm member 56, and is configured to be displaceable in the arrow Z direction. The biopsy hand portion 76 described above is attached to the vicinity of the groove portion 86 on the upper surface of the compression plate 72 (the surface located on the radiation source 64 side of the compression plate 72). Further, a rectangular opening 92 for tissue collection using the biopsy hand portion 76 is formed on the distal end side (container 18 side) of the compression plate 72.

  The biopsy hand section 76 includes a post 94 fixed to the compression plate 72, a first arm 96 pivotally supported along the surface of the compression plate 72, one end of which is pivotally supported on the post 94, and the first arm 96. One end is pivotally supported at the end, and a second arm 98 that can pivot along the surface of the compression plate 72 is provided. A biopsy needle 30 that can move in the arrow Z direction is attached to the other end of the second arm 98.

  In this case, the biopsy needle 30 can be moved in the XY plane along the surface of the compression plate 72 by the first arm 96 and the second arm 98 of the biopsy hand unit 76, and a doctor operates an operation unit (not shown). By using and moving the biopsy needle 30 in the direction of arrow Z, the opening 38 of the biopsy needle 30 can be disposed in the vicinity of the second member 16 described above.

  As shown in FIG. 10, in the mammography apparatus 50, the container in which the phantom 10 is accommodated from the radiation source 64 disposed obliquely (A position and B position) with respect to the vertical axis (center axis) 100 of the solid state detector 68. The solid detector 68 detects the radiations 62a and 62b that have passed through the phantom 10 and the container 18 and converts them into radiation images (stereo images). To do. In this case, the number of shots and the shooting order for stereo shooting are set as appropriate. Further, the movement of the radiation source 64 between the A position and the B position is performed by rotating the radiation source housing section 66 around the hinge section 82 as described above.

  In the present embodiment, the radiation 62a and 62b are irradiated with the radiation source 64 arranged at the A position and the B position, respectively. However, the radiation source 64 is disposed at the C position and the A position on the vertical axis 100. Of course, stereo imaging in which the radiation 62 is irradiated in the disposed state, and stereo imaging in which the radiation 62 is irradiated in the state where the radiation source 64 is disposed at the C position and the B position are possible.

  In addition, in FIG. 10, as an example, stereo imaging with respect to the container 18 in which the phantom 10 is accommodated is illustrated, but the phantom 10 with the biopsy needle 30 punctured, the phantom 10 with the biopsy needle 30 removed, or collection Of course, the object 42 can be similarly stereo-photographed.

  In [1] and [2] described above, the doctor determines a desired second member 16 in the phantom 10 as a collection target, and, for example, two stereos of the phantom 10 displayed on a display screen (not shown). In the image, when the second member 16 to be collected is selected and instructed using a pointing device such as a mouse, the console (computer) connected to the mammography apparatus 50 uses a known three-dimensional coordinate position calculation method in stereo photography. Based on this, the three-dimensional coordinate position of the second member 16 instructed to select and the three-dimensional coordinate position of the biopsy needle 30 are calculated. As a result, the biopsy hand unit 76 operates the first arm 96 and the second arm 98 to move the biopsy needle 30 in the XY plane, and moves the distal end 34 of the biopsy needle 30 above the second member 16. It becomes possible to arrange.

  In [2], when stereo imaging is performed with the distal end portion 34 of the biopsy needle 30 reaching the second layer 12b and a stereo image including the phantom 10, the container 18, and the biopsy needle 30 is acquired, The computer calculates the three-dimensional coordinate position of the distal end portion 34 or the opening 38 of the biopsy needle 30 and the three-dimensional coordinate position of the second member 16 based on the known three-dimensional coordinate position calculation method. The amount of movement of the biopsy needle 30 is calculated based on each calculated three-dimensional coordinate position, and the calculated amount of movement is displayed on the display or the display operation unit 80. Thereby, in [3], the doctor can operate the operation unit (not shown) to advance the opening 38 of the biopsy needle 30 to the vicinity of the second member 16 along the arrow Z direction.

  As described above, according to the phantom 10 according to the present embodiment, since the second member 16 simulating a calcified tissue is built in the first member 12, a small tissue such as a calcified tissue is collected. It becomes possible to perform biopsy training for. Therefore, when a doctor performs biopsy training using the phantom 10, for example, the skill level of the doctor with respect to the biopsy for collecting calcified tissue in the breast can be improved.

  In addition, since the first member 12 is made of a polysaccharide having a viscosity higher than that of gelatin, for example, the doctor punctures the first member 12 with the biopsy needle 30 by the VAB, and the biopsy needle 30 becomes the second member 16. The second member 16 and a part of the first member 12 are collected as the sample 42 while sucking a part of the first member 12 near the second member 16, and then the biopsy needle 30 from the first member 12. When the sample 42 is taken out from the biopsy needle 30 and the shape of the sample 42 taken out can be maintained as a part of the shape of the second member 16 and the first member 12 at the time of sampling. .

  Thereby, the doctor can easily visually recognize the contents of the collected material 42 from the outside. That is, since the doctor can easily confirm the presence or absence of the second member 16 (collected tissue 42c) without disassembling the collected material 42, the analysis work of the collected material 42 can be easily performed. Can do. In this manner, since the presence or absence of the collected tissue 42c in the collected material 42 can be easily visually confirmed, the second member 16 to be collected can be obtained without performing radiography (acquisition of a radiation image) on the collected material 42. Therefore, the biopsy needle 30 can be accurately positioned, and it can be easily confirmed whether or not the sample 42 including the second member 16 (collected tissue 42c) has been sampled as intended.

  In addition, since the second member 16 is a substance having a low transmittance for radiation and light as compared to the first member 12 or a substance that is opaque to radiation and light, the doctor can remove the specimen 42. Even in the case of visual recognition or radiographic imaging of the collected material 42, the first member 12 and the second member 16 (collected tissue 42c) in the collected material 42 can be easily identified. It becomes possible.

  Here, by forming the first member 12 using gellan gum, which is a water-soluble natural polymer polysaccharide, the collected material 42 has a shape of a part of the second member 16 and the first member 12 at the time of collection. Can be easily maintained.

  Moreover, even if the biopsy needle 30 is extracted from the phantom 10 after collecting the sample 42 by using the solid metal or ceramic as the second member 16, the trace 46 of the biopsy needle 30 formed on the phantom 10 is extracted. It is possible to avoid metal or ceramics sticking to the surface.

  In particular, if lead or alumina is used as the second member 16, even if the biopsy needle 30 is extracted from the phantom 10 after the biopsy needle 30 is punctured into the phantom 10 and the sample 42 is collected, the trace 46 of the biopsy needle 30 is removed. In this case, it is possible to reliably prevent lead or alumina from sticking to the surface, and even if a doctor visually recognizes the sample 42 or performs radiography of the sample 42 to obtain a radiographic image. However, the first member 12 and the lead or alumina (second member 16) in the sample 42 can be easily identified.

  Moreover, if the particle | grains of the metal (lead) or ceramics (alumina) which has a diameter of 100 micrometers-500 micrometers which is a size substantially equivalent to an actual calcification structure | tissue are made into the 2nd member 16, a doctor will be with respect to calcification structure | tissue. Since it is possible to perform training for positioning the biopsy needle 30 with an accuracy of about ± 1 mm, the skill level of biopsy can be further improved.

  Furthermore, if the metal (lead) or ceramics (alumina) particles smaller than the diameter of the biopsy needle 30 and the inner diameter of the hollow portion 36 are used as the second member 16, the biopsy needle 30 can be positioned accurately in the calcified tissue. Training can be performed by a doctor.

  Furthermore, if the first member 12 has a laminated structure of the first layer 12a and the second layer 12b, and the second member 16 is disposed at the interface 14 between the first layer 12a and the second layer 12b, as described above. In addition, after the second member 16 is disposed on the upper surface of the first layer 12a, the second layer 12b can be laminated on the upper surface to complete the phantom 10, so that the second member 16 can be easily attached to the first member 12. The phantom 10 can be easily manufactured.

  Further, the phantom 10 can be stored easily by accommodating the phantom 10 inside the container 18 that can transmit radiation and light, and blocking the inside of the container 18 from the outside air. In particular, when the first member 12 is made of gellan gum, the gellan gum is shielded from the outside air, so that generation of mold or the like in the phantom 10 can be prevented.

  In this case, if the cover member 24 of the container 18 is made thinner than the container body 20 that houses the phantom 10 and the biopsy needle 30 penetrates the cover member 24 and punctures the first member 12, the doctor can Even if the phantom 10 is not taken out of the phantom 10, the biopsy training can be performed while the phantom 10 is housed in the container 18, so that the phantom 10 can be easily handled.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it is needless to say that various configurations can be adopted without departing from the gist of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Phantom 12 ... 1st member 12a ... 1st layer 12b ... 2nd layer 14 ... Interface 16 ... 2nd member 18 ... Container 20 ... Container main body 24 ... Cover member 28 ... Opening part 30 ... Biopsy needle 36 ... Hollow part 38 ... Opening 40 ... Cylinder cutter 42 ... Collected materials 42a-42c ... Collected tissue 50 ... Mamography devices 62, 62a, 62b ... Radiation

Claims (10)

A first member that simulates a living body, and a second member that simulates the calcified tissue in the living body and is built in the first member;
The first member includes a polysaccharide capable of transmitting radiation and light,
The second member is a substance having a low transmittance with respect to the radiation and the light as compared with the first member, or a substance impermeable to the radiation and the light. Biopsy phantom. The phantom according to claim 1,
The biopsy phantom, wherein the first member includes a water-soluble natural polymer polysaccharide. The phantom according to claim 2,
The biopsy phantom characterized in that the water-soluble natural polymer polysaccharide is gellan gum. The phantom according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The biopsy phantom, wherein the second member is metal or ceramic. The phantom according to claim 4,
The biopsy phantom, wherein the second member is lead or alumina. In the phantom of any one of Claims 1-5,
The biopsy phantom, wherein the second member is a particle having a diameter of 100 μm to 500 μm. In the phantom of any one of Claims 1-6,
The second member is a particle smaller than the diameter of a biopsy needle that can be collected by using the second member and a part of the first member in the vicinity of the second member by being punctured by the first member. A phantom for biopsy. In the phantom of any one of Claims 1-7,
The first member has a laminated structure of a first layer and a second layer laminated on the first layer,
The biopsy phantom, wherein the second member is disposed at an interface between the first layer and the second layer. In the phantom of any one of Claims 1-8,
The phantom is housed inside a container capable of transmitting the radiation and the light,
A biopsy phantom characterized in that the inside of the container is blocked from outside air. The phantom according to claim 9, wherein
The container includes a container body that houses the phantom and has an opening communicating with the housing area of the phantom, and a cover member that closes the opening while the phantom is housed in the container body. Have
The cover member is thinner than the container body,
A biopsy needle that is punctured by the first member and can collect the second member and a part of the first member in the vicinity of the second member as a specimen is pierced by the first member through the cover member. A phantom for biopsies characterized by that.

Images