WO2012027892A1 - Métriques de domaine rho - Google Patents

Métriques de domaine rho Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012027892A1
WO2012027892A1 PCT/CN2010/076564 CN2010076564W WO2012027892A1 WO 2012027892 A1 WO2012027892 A1 WO 2012027892A1 CN 2010076564 W CN2010076564 W CN 2010076564W WO 2012027892 A1 WO2012027892 A1 WO 2012027892A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
video encoding
video
deviation metric
zero coefficients
encoding process
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/076564
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Fang Shi
Biao Wang
Qi Wu
Fan You
Kai Bao
Original Assignee
Intersil Americas Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Intersil Americas Inc. filed Critical Intersil Americas Inc.
Priority to CN201080061990XA priority Critical patent/CN102714722A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2010/076564 priority patent/WO2012027892A1/fr
Priority to US13/225,222 priority patent/US20120057629A1/en
Priority to US13/225,238 priority patent/US20120057640A1/en
Priority to US13/225,269 priority patent/US8824554B2/en
Priority to US13/225,202 priority patent/US20120057633A1/en
Publication of WO2012027892A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012027892A1/fr
Priority to US14/472,313 priority patent/US9609348B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/146—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/115—Selection of the code volume for a coding unit prior to coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/124—Quantisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
    • H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
    • H04N19/61—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding

Definitions

  • Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a frame illustrating presence of non-zero coefficients (NZ) in macroblocks.
  • Fig. 2 is a chart showing an example of an exponential relationship of NZ(p) and quantization parameters.
  • Fig. 3 is a chart showing a p-domain deviation metric ⁇ as a recursive weighted difference between the theoretical and actual values.
  • FIG. 4 is a simplified block diagram showing a video generation system.
  • Fig. 5 is a chart illustrating the linear relationship between video quality quantization parameter.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a process for mode decision algorithm video encoding according to certain aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a simplified block schematic illustrating a processing system employed in certain embodiments of the invention.
  • Certain embodiments of the invention provide an innovative p-domain metric ⁇ and systems and methods that apply the metric.
  • the definition of p in p-domain can be taken to be the non-zero coefficient number after transform and quantization in a video encoding process.
  • the term "NZ" will be used herein to represent p, where NZ can be understood as meaning a number of non-zero coefficients after quantization of each 16x16 pixel macroblock ("MB”) in video standards such as the H.264 video standard.
  • NZ calculation An example illustrating NZ calculation is shown in Fig. 1. It has been shown through theory and experiment that p has a linear relationship with the video textual encoding bit rate. Generally, proposed p-domain source models and models consider the bit rate R as a function of p which is the percentage of zeros among the quantized coefficients. It can be appreciated that p monotonically increases with quantization step-size QP, which implies there is a one-to-one mapping between them. Accordingly, certain embodiments provide a frame-level rate control algorithm based on these properties. Some embodiments can employ any of a plurality of suitable algorithms that improve the accurate estimation of the R-p function.
  • the relationship of NZ(p) and QP can be modeled by exponential equations, as illustrated in Fig. 2.
  • the dotted curve 22 represents actual frame-level NZ vs. QP points from encoding, while the solid curve 23 represents exponential function modeling.
  • a table of NZ vs. QP can be obtained from the exponential model.
  • a p-domain deviation metric ⁇ may be defined as a recursive weighted ratio between the theoretical NZ_QP curve and the actual NZ_QP curve, as illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • One curve 33 represents the theoretical NZ_QP curve and a second curve 32 represent an actual NZ vs. QP curve
  • Deviation ⁇ is an important metric in video encoding and is used to determine the motion complexity of the sequence, to determine the encoded video quality, to determine short scene cut, and to determine the actual QP used to best meet the predefined bit rate budget.
  • a video encoder 400 typically generates a number of non-zero coefficient (NZ) per MB and/or per frame as a byproduct of its video encoding process.
  • NZ non-zero coefficient
  • the NZ information is processed and p-domain deviation metric ⁇ is calculated as meta-data 402 to feed into various algorithms of interest.
  • ⁇ can be used to categorize video motion complexity.
  • a mode decision system 404 may employ p- domain metric ⁇ to obtain an optimized decision process.
  • Deviation ⁇ can be defined as the weighted difference of a theoretical NZ_QP curve from an actual curve obtained from encoding process. Normalized ⁇ fluctuates around a value of 1.0. A value of ⁇ smaller than 1 indicates that the actual encoded bit rate is larger than expected, implying that a more complicated motion contextual content has been encountered. A value of ⁇ that is larger than 1 .0 indicates that fewer NZ are encoded, implying that a smoother motion content has been encountered.
  • ⁇ can be used to calculate encoded video quality curve Lq.
  • Encoded video quality Q has a linear relationship with the quantization parameter QP used in an encoding process such as that shown in Fig. 4.
  • a linear model Q_QP can be obtained from experimental data.
  • Q_QP linear model can be adjusted based on the deviation ⁇ : i.e., the quality and QP relationship is a function of motion complexity of the video content to be encoded.
  • the adjusted Q_QP model can serve as the target quality curve of the video content. If a target quality is set, then actual QP is a function of deviation ⁇ , and a table of QP and ⁇ can be derived.
  • a target quality video encoding algorithm can be achieved using a simple table lookup operation.
  • ⁇ can be used to determine changes in video scene. It can be shown experimentally that the number of non-zero coefficients (NZ) increases multiple times in a scene change P-frame due to a lack of temporary correlation between the scene change frame and its reference frame. Therefore, certain embodiments utilize deviation ⁇ to determine scene change with a good degree of robustness and very low computational complexity.
  • NZ_QP curve can be adjusted to reflect a more accurate encoding bit rate for a given video sequence. Therefore, a more accurate rate control encoding can be achieved with the assistant of deviation metric ⁇ .
  • Certain embodiments employ efficient and accurate constant bit rate control methods and algorithms 406 based on deviation ⁇ features described above in relation to video scene changes and combining ⁇ and NZ_QP curve.
  • a group of pictures (“GOP") may be defined as a group of pictures starting from an intra-coded frame (“l-frame”), and its following inter- predicted frames (“P/B-frames").
  • a target bit budget may be assigned to each I or P/B frame in accordance with a target bit rate per GOP.
  • An adjusted NZ_QP table based on the recursively weighted deviation ⁇ can reflect a more accurate content based NZ_QP relationship.
  • a predicated NZ value may be adaptively estimated for a current frame to be encoded, and a quantization parameter QP can be calculated from the NZ_QP curve to control the bit rate for the current frame. If deviation ⁇ changes abruptly above a threshold, a scene change detection may be indicated and rate control algorithm may be reset. By utilizing deviation ⁇ , a cost efficient and robust CBR algorithm can be designed and implemented.
  • each frame can be assigned and encoded with the same bit rate, resulting in temporary differences in video quality.
  • Human visual system theory suggests that human vision is sensitive to change in motion (temporal direction) and textural complexity (spatial video content).
  • a quality bound variable bit rate algorithm 408 can be provided by allocating more bits to video frames subject to temporal and spatial changes, and by allocating fewer bits to smooth motion and textually simple video frames while still maintaining a target minimum video quality (quality bound) by utilizing the metric ⁇ .
  • algorithms and methods for categorizing video motion complexity can be used to categorize motion/textual changing frames.
  • Q_QP tables and tables of QP and ⁇ can be used to bind the smooth and textural simple frames with a predefined minimum quality.
  • Deviation ⁇ features described above in relation to video scene changes and combining ⁇ and NZ_QP curve can be used to control encoded bit to a target bit rate.
  • a network adaptive variable frame rate algorithm 410 can be designed with the assistant of rho-domain metric ⁇ . Certain of the above described systems and methods may be employed to obtain a suitable variable frame rate (“VFR”) algorithm, as illustrated in Fig. 6.
  • VFR variable frame rate
  • the network provides a feedback comprising user defined minimum video quality, video channel priority and network bandwidth availability.
  • a quantization parameter QP is calculated based on the deviation ⁇ and its corresponding rate control
  • video motion complexity can be categorized accordingly, and new quantization parameter QP_1 with respect to the minimum quality requirement may be calculated.
  • the quantization parameter difference Diff_QP between QP and QP_1 is calculated.
  • a new frame rate to be encoded can be obtained. In certain embodiments, a high priority channel's frame rate is maintained unchanged as far as possible. If a larger Diff_QP is encountered, a downsizing of encoding picture resolutions (for example, from D1 to CIF) can be recommended and/or performed.
  • FIG. 7 certain embodiments of the invention employ a processing system that includes at least one computing system 70 deployed to perform certain of the steps described above.
  • Computing system 70 may be a commercially available system that executes commercially available operating systems such as Microsoft Windows®, UNIX or a variant thereof, Linux, a real time operating system and or a proprietary operating system.
  • the architecture of the computing system may be adapted, configured and/or designed for integration in the processing system, for embedding in one or more of an image capture system, communications device and/or graphics processing systems.
  • computing system 70 comprises a bus 702 and/or other mechanisms for
  • processor 704 and/or 705 comprises a CISC or RISC computing processor and/or one or more digital signal processors.
  • processor 704 and/or 705 may be embodied in a custom device and/or may perform as a configurable sequencer.
  • Device drivers 703 may provide output signals used to control internal and external components and to communicate between processors 704 and 705.
  • Computing system 70 also typically comprises memory 706 that may include one or more of random access memory (“RAM”), static memory, cache, flash memory and any other suitable type of storage device that can be coupled to bus 702.
  • Memory 706 can be used for storing instructions and data that can cause one or more of processors 704 and 705 to perform a desired process.
  • Main memory 706 may be used for storing transient and/or temporary data such as variables and intermediate information generated and/or used during execution of the instructions by processor 704 or 705.
  • Computing system 70 also typically comprises non-volatile storage such as read only memory (“ROM”) 708, flash memory, memory cards or the like; non-volatile storage may be connected to the bus 702, but may equally be connected using a high-speed universal serial bus (USB), Firewire or other such bus that is coupled to bus 702.
  • Non-volatile storage can be used for storing configuration, and other information, including instructions executed by processors 704 and/or 705.
  • Non-volatile storage may also include mass storage device 710, such as a magnetic disk, optical disk, flash disk that may be directly or indirectly coupled to bus 702 and used for storing instructions to be executed by processors 704 and/or 705, as well as other information.
  • computing system 70 may be communicatively coupled to a display system 712, such as an LCD flat panel display, including touch panel displays, electroluminescent display, plasma display, cathode ray tube or other display device that can be configured and adapted to receive and display information to a user of computing system 70.
  • a display system 712 such as an LCD flat panel display, including touch panel displays, electroluminescent display, plasma display, cathode ray tube or other display device that can be configured and adapted to receive and display information to a user of computing system 70.
  • device drivers 703 can include a display driver, graphics adapter and/or other modules that maintain a digital representation of a display and convert the digital representation to a signal for driving a display system 712.
  • Display system 712 may also include logic and software to generate a display from a signal provided by system 700. In that regard, display 712 may be provided as a remote terminal or in a session on a different computing system 70.
  • An input device 714 is generally provided locally or through a remote system and typically provides for alphanumeric input as well as cursor control 716 input, such as a mouse, a trackball, etc. It will be appreciated that input and output can be provided to a wireless device such as a PDA, a tablet computer or other system suitable equipped to display the images and provide user input.
  • a wireless device such as a PDA, a tablet computer or other system suitable equipped to display the images and provide user input.
  • portions of the described invention may be performed by computing system 70.
  • Processor 704 executes one or more sequences of instructions.
  • such instructions may be stored in main memory 706, having been received from a computer-readable medium such as storage device 710.
  • main memory 706 having been received from a computer-readable medium such as storage device 710.
  • Execution of the sequences of instructions contained in main memory 706 causes processor 704 to perform process steps according to certain aspects of the invention.
  • functionality may be provided by embedded computing systems that perform specific functions wherein the embedded systems employ a customized combination of hardware and software to perform a set of predefined tasks.
  • embodiments of the invention are not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software.
  • Non-volatile storage may be embodied on media such as optical or magnetic disks, including DVD, CD-ROM and BluRay. Storage may be provided locally and in physical proximity to
  • Nonvolatile storage may be removable from computing system 704, as in the example of BluRay, DVD or CD storage or memory cards or sticks that can be easily connected or disconnected from a computer using a standard interface, including USB, etc.
  • computer-readable media can include floppy disks, flexible disks, hard disks, magnetic tape, any other magnetic medium, CD-ROMs, DVDs, BluRay, any other optical medium, punch cards, paper tape, any other physical medium with patterns of holes, RAM, PROM, EPROM, FLASH/EEPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, or any other medium from which a computer can read.
  • Transmission media can be used to connect elements of the processing system and/or components of computing system 70. Such media can include twisted pair wiring, coaxial cables, copper wire and fiber optics. Transmission media can also include wireless media such as radio, acoustic and light waves. In
  • radio frequency (RF), fiber optic and infrared (IR) data communications may be used.
  • Various forms of computer readable media may participate in providing instructions and data for execution by processor 704 and/or 705.
  • the instructions may initially be retrieved from a magnetic disk of a remote computer and transmitted over a network or modem to computing system 70.
  • the instructions may optionally be stored in a different storage or a different part of storage prior to or during execution.
  • Computing system 70 may include a communication interface 718 that provides two-way data communication over a network 720 that can include a local network 722, a wide area network or some combination of the two.
  • a network 720 can include a local network 722, a wide area network or some combination of the two.
  • ISDN integrated services digital network
  • LAN local area network
  • Network link 720 typically provides data communication through one or more networks to other data devices.
  • network link 720 may provide a connection through local network 722 to a host computer 724 or to a wide are network such as the Internet 728.
  • Local network 722 and Internet 728 may both use electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals that carry digital data streams.
  • Computing system 70 can use one or more networks to send messages and data, including program code and other information.
  • a server 730 might transmit a requested code for an application program through Internet 728 and may receive in response a downloaded application that provides or augments functional modules such as those described in the examples above.
  • the received code may be executed by processor 704 and/or 705.
  • Certain embodiments of the invention provide video encoders, systems and methods for characterizing video encoding processes. Some of these embodiments comprise maintaining information relating a plurality of non-zero coefficients expected from quantization of a macroblock to one or more quantization parameters used in a video encoding process. Some of these embodiments comprise
  • Some of these embodiments comprise calculating a deviation metric representing a weighted difference between the actual non-zero coefficients and the expected nonzero coefficients. Some of these embodiments comprise adjusting the video encoding process using the deviation metric. In some of these embodiments, the video encoding process is adjusted to obtain an optimized encoding bit rate for a desired video encoding quality.
  • adjusting the video encoding process using the deviation metric includes adjusting the quantizing parameter based on a normalized value of the deviation metric.
  • the relationship between video encoding quality and the quantizing parameter is a function of motion complexity of a sequence of video frames to be encoded.
  • the normalized deviation metric value varies around a value of 1 .0.
  • a normalized deviation metric value greater than 1 .0 is indicative of a larger than expected encoded bit rate.
  • an increase in the normalized deviation metric value is indicative of am increase in complexity of motion contextual content.
  • the quantizing parameter is a function of the deviation metric.
  • adjusting the video encoding process using the deviation metric includes selecting a quantizing parameter using the deviation metric to index a table.
  • Some of these embodiments comprise the step of selecting an encoding mode using the deviation metric.
  • the encoding mode is selected to maintain a constant bit rate for frame encoding.
  • Some of these embodiments comprise the step of allocating bits to frames based on temporal and spatial changes between a sequence of frames. In some of these embodiments, the bits are allocated to maintain a target minimum video quality.
  • Certain embodiments of the invention provide a video encoder and related methods. Some of these embodiments comprise a storage configured to maintain information relating a plurality of non-zero coefficients expected from quantization of a macroblock to one or more quantization parameters used in a video encoding process. Some of these embodiments comprise an encoder configured to receive a sequence of video frames and to encode macroblocks within the video frames. In some of these embodiments, the encoder generates actual non-zero coefficients during video encoding of the macroblocks. Some of these embodiments comprise a table of quantization parameters controlled by the encoder. In some of these embodiments, the encoder selects a quantization parameter for a current
  • the video encoding process is adjusted to obtain an optimized encoding bit rate for a desired video encoding quality.
  • the quantizing parameter is selected using a normalized value of the deviation metric. In some of these embodiments, the quantizing parameter is selected to achieve a target video encoding quality. In some of these embodiments, video encoding quality and quantizing parameters are related by a function of motion complexity of the sequence of video frames. In some of these embodiments, the method is performed by a processor in a video encoder that is configured to execute one or more computer program modules.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des systèmes, des procédés et des codeurs vidéo qui caractérisent des processus de codage vidéo utilisant une métrique de déviation de domaine ρ. La métrique de déviation représente une différence pondérée entre des coefficients réels différents de zéro et les coefficients attendus différents de zéro, les coefficients réels et les coefficients attendus correspondant à la quantification d'un macrobloc dans une trame vidéo pendant le codage vidéo de la trame. La métrique de déviation est utilisée pour adapter le processus de codage vidéo dans le but d'obtenir un débit binaire de codage optimisé pour une qualité de codage vidéo souhaitée par la sélection d'un paramètre de quantification en fonction d'une valeur normalisée de la métrique de déviation. Le paramètre de quantification peut être sélectionné à partir d'une table indexée utilisant la métrique de déviation
PCT/CN2010/076564 2010-09-02 2010-09-02 Métriques de domaine rho WO2012027892A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201080061990XA CN102714722A (zh) 2010-09-02 2010-09-02 Rho-域量度
PCT/CN2010/076564 WO2012027892A1 (fr) 2010-09-02 2010-09-02 Métriques de domaine rho
US13/225,222 US20120057629A1 (en) 2010-09-02 2011-09-02 Rho-domain Metrics
US13/225,238 US20120057640A1 (en) 2010-09-02 2011-09-02 Video Analytics for Security Systems and Methods
US13/225,269 US8824554B2 (en) 2010-09-02 2011-09-02 Systems and methods for video content analysis
US13/225,202 US20120057633A1 (en) 2010-09-02 2011-09-02 Video Classification Systems and Methods
US14/472,313 US9609348B2 (en) 2010-09-02 2014-08-28 Systems and methods for video content analysis

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2010/076564 WO2012027892A1 (fr) 2010-09-02 2010-09-02 Métriques de domaine rho

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012027892A1 true WO2012027892A1 (fr) 2012-03-08

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CN104754361B (zh) 2013-12-28 2018-01-23 同济大学 图像编码、解码方法及装置
KR102390162B1 (ko) * 2015-10-16 2022-04-22 삼성전자주식회사 데이터 인코딩 장치 및 데이터 인코딩 방법
CN113747153B (zh) * 2021-08-09 2024-06-28 杭州当虹科技股份有限公司 一种hevc tile编码边界质量优化方法和系统

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US20070237221A1 (en) * 2006-04-07 2007-10-11 Microsoft Corporation Adjusting quantization to preserve non-zero AC coefficients
CN101043633A (zh) * 2006-06-05 2007-09-26 华为技术有限公司 一种编码中量化矩阵选择方法、装置及编解码方法及系统
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