WO2012016545A1 - 具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的方法及装置 - Google Patents

具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012016545A1
WO2012016545A1 PCT/CN2011/078048 CN2011078048W WO2012016545A1 WO 2012016545 A1 WO2012016545 A1 WO 2012016545A1 CN 2011078048 W CN2011078048 W CN 2011078048W WO 2012016545 A1 WO2012016545 A1 WO 2012016545A1
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Prior art keywords
water
cooling
evaporative
air
indoor
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PCT/CN2011/078048
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
于向阳
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Yu Xiangyang
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Publication of WO2012016545A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012016545A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
    • F24F1/0071—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units with means for purifying supplied air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0035—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using evaporation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/272—Solar heating or cooling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/54—Free-cooling systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of HVAC, and relates to a method and a device for passive cooling of external air water circulation, which are suitable for use in various living, public buildings and industrial buildings, so as to effectively reduce the solar radiation of the room transparent enclosure structure. Heat.
  • the cooling load of the air-conditioning equipment in summer is mainly composed of the cold load of the air-conditioned room, the cold load and the fresh air load that need to be eliminated by the heat production of the unit itself. According to different regions, different meteorological conditions, different equipment conditions, and different envelope structures, the proportion of cold load occupied by the three parts is different, but the cold load formed by the heat of the air-conditioned room is the main weight part. Caused full attention.
  • the total cooling load of the room consists of the following parts: 1. The amount of heat dissipation from personnel and indoor electrical equipment; 2. The cold load formed by the solar radiation of the window; 3. The wall, roof, etc. through heat conduction and convection The formed cold load; 4. The cold load formed by the air outside the air-conditioned area through the door and window.
  • the energy consumption of doors and windows is about 4 times that of the wall, 5 times of the roof, and 20 times of the ground, accounting for 40% to 50% of the total energy consumption of the building envelope. Therefore, enhancing the thermal insulation performance of doors and windows and reducing the energy consumption of doors and windows is an important part of improving the quality of indoor thermal environment and improving the energy-saving level of buildings.
  • the outer window has a significant influence on the air conditioning cooling load. Since the heat transfer coefficient of glass is much larger than that of non-transparent envelopes such as walls and roofs, the proportion of air-conditioning cold load formed is much larger. According to statistics, the heat lost through the window accounts for 46% of the building energy consumption. The hot and cold load of the glass through the solar radiation accounts for about 20% to 30% of the air conditioning cooling load. Must be given full attention. According to the study, half of the cold load of global residential buildings and non-residential buildings is the heat load of solar radiation, and the solar radiation through the windows is the most important.
  • the window is the weak link of building energy conservation, the black hole of building energy consumption, and the main direction to control building energy consumption.
  • the solar radiation reaching the ground through the atmosphere includes direct radiation and scattered radiation, and the outer surface of the building envelope receives three scattered radiations from the air, namely sky-scattered radiation, ground-reflected radiation and atmospheric long-wave radiation.
  • Normally (incident angle ⁇ 60°) when sunlight hits the ordinary glass surface, 7.3% of the energy is reflected, it will not become the heat of the room; 79% directly enters the room through the glass, and all become the heat of the room; Another 13.7% is glassy
  • shading facilities In order to effectively block solar radiation and reduce summer air conditioning load, the use of shading facilities is currently a common method. According to the location, it can be divided into external shading facilities, internal shading facilities, or between external shading facilities and internal shading facilities.
  • the way to install the louvers between two layers of glass is called a double-layer leather curtain wall.
  • the infra-radiation heat that enters the room through the glass window is the solar radiation that is directly into the room through the window glass (referred to as the transmission of the solar radiation) and the window glass absorbs the solar radiation, and then transmits the heat in the room in the opposite direction and the radiation method (abbreviated as absorption and heat release). ) These two parts are composed.
  • the internal shading device can reflect part of the solar radiation, but a part of the outward reflection will be reflected back by the glass, so that the reflection is weakened.
  • the inner sunshade only temporarily isolates the solar radiant heat from the sunshade. However, except for the outdoor part that is partially reflected, most of the radiant heat is absorbed by the sunshade and the glass and then re-entered into the room through radiation and convection. Did not fundamentally reduce the indoor air conditioning load;
  • the external shading facilities are better than the internal shading facilities, but the external shading facilities are exposed to the harsh external environment because of the external shading. They are subject to long-term sun and rain and variable wind loads, which are easily damaged and polluted in the external atmospheric environment. After reducing its ability to reflect the sun's rays, it is not easy to clean; affecting the shape of the building, not beautiful; some improper shading measures can not achieve effective insulation, but also bring more inconvenience to living.
  • the double-layered leather window wall combines the characteristics of the inner and outer sunshade.
  • the louver is arranged between the two layers of glass.
  • some disadvantages of the outer shading device are eliminated, the temperature of the louver heats up the glass interlayer due to the heat absorption. Part of the heat will be transmitted to the room to reduce its heat insulation capacity.
  • the technology is to adopt ventilation measures in the glass interlayer, and the heat of the glass layer is discharged to the outside through natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation, so that the sunshade can be insulated. The effect is closer to the external shading facility.
  • the main disadvantage is that the thickness of the air layer between the two layers of glass is usually small, resulting in limited air flow and limited cooling effect.
  • the laminated louvers still have the problem of air pollution, and the cleaning after pollution is even more difficult than the external shading facilities.
  • the overall production cost is high, and it is difficult to cooperate with the building.
  • the opening angle of the louver requires an electric adjustment mechanism, which increases the initial investment cost and the cost of maintenance.
  • the enclosure structure will achieve complete isolation between the interior and exterior of the building, whether it is natural light, air penetration or heat transfer. Thorough isolation between indoor and outdoor can effectively regulate the physical parameters of the indoors. Relatively speaking, the less energy consumption is required, the more energy-saving. However, starting from the improvement of the environment, we must first pursue natural lighting, natural ventilation, and even the heat transfer performance of the envelope structure. Some regions sometimes want the enclosure structure to become an indoor and outdoor connection.
  • windows are the weak link in building energy conservation, and the main factors causing the increase of indoor thermal and thermal load.
  • it has not been seen that it can meet the needs of indoor air conditioning and can greatly reduce energy consumption and cost. Low methods and reports of their devices.
  • the invention provides a method and a device with passive cooling of external air water circulation, which overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and effectively solves the indoor zone temperature caused by high heat of solar radiation caused by a light-transmitting envelope structure such as a window.
  • the high problem is that it can effectively reduce the temperature rise of the indoor area caused by the light-transmitting envelope structure such as windows and the cost is low, and it is easy to cooperate with the building.
  • a method for passive cooling with external air water circulation which is carried out as follows: air outside the indoor area is discharged into the indoor area after evaporating and cooling, evaporative cooling
  • the cold water sent from the cold water end of the device passes through the water heat absorbing device of the device with passive cooling of the external air water circulation, and then returns to the evaporative refrigeration device from the return water end of the evaporative cooling device;
  • the device with passive cooling of the external air water circulation includes the inner sunshade device And a light-transmitting enclosure structure, the inner shading device itself or/and the translucent enclosure structure has a water absorption device;
  • the inner shading device is made of a light-transmitting or non-transparent material;
  • the indoor area is made of light transmissive The indoor space formed by the envelope structure and other envelope structures.
  • the water absorption device has an open type wet curtain water film device of not less than one layer on the inner wall of the water-cooling cavity of the inner sunshade device, and the open wet curtain water film device comprises a nozzle and a water tank, and the evaporative refrigeration device
  • the cold water is sent to the nozzle through the water pump and the water pipe, and the water from the nozzle forms a wet curtain water film and falls into the water tank, and the water in the water tank flows back to the water inlet pipe of the evaporation refrigeration device.
  • the water absorption device has a closed water cooling device of not less than one layer on the inner wall of the water-cooling cavity of the inner sunshade device, and the cold water of the evaporation refrigeration device is sent to the water inlet pipe of the closed water cooling device through the water pump and the water pipe, and the closed type
  • the water of the water-cooling device absorbs heat and flows back to the water inlet pipe of the evaporating and cooling device through the outlet pipe.
  • the evaporative refrigerating device is placed in the indoor area or outside the indoor area; the air outside the indoor area enters the evaporative cooling device through the air inlet pipe for heat exchange, and is discharged from the air outlet pipe to the outside of the indoor area.
  • the cold water of the evaporative refrigerating device is sent to the inlet pipe of the water absorption device through the water pump and the water pipe, and the water of the water absorption device flows back to the inlet pipe of the evaporating and refrigerating device through the outlet pipe; the cold water of the evaporating and cooling device is sent to the indoor through the water pump and the water pipe At the cold end of the inlet pipe, the water at the end of the indoor cold end absorbs heat and flows back through the outlet pipe to the inlet pipe of the evaporative cooling device.
  • the cold water of the evaporative refrigerating device is sent to the inlet pipe of the indoor cold end through the water pump and the water pipe, and the water at the end of the indoor cold end absorbs heat and the water of the water absorption device passes through the outlet pipe to evaporate and cool.
  • An air in the air treated by the above evaporative cooling device is sent into the indoor area.
  • the second technical solution of the present invention is achieved by the following measures: a device with passive cooling of external air water circulation, including an indoor area, an evaporative cooling device; an inner shading device and a translucent enclosure, the inner shading
  • the facility itself or/and the light-transmitting enclosure has a water-absorbing device; the interior shading device is made of a light-transmitting or non-transparent material; the indoor area is composed of a translucent enclosure and other enclosures.
  • the indoor space of the evaporative refrigerating device and the cold water inlet of the water absorbing device are connected through the inlet pipe and connected with a water pump.
  • the return water inlet of the evaporating and cooling device communicates with the water outlet of the water absorbing device through the outlet pipe. .
  • the water absorption device has an open type wet curtain water film device of not less than one layer on the inner wall of the water-cooling cavity of the inner sunshade device, and the open type wet curtain water film device comprises a nozzle and a water receiving device, and the evaporative refrigeration device
  • the cold water outlet is connected with the nozzle through the inlet pipe and connected with a water pump.
  • the water inlet of the evaporative cooling device and the water outlet in the water tank below the nozzle communicate with each other through the outlet pipe.
  • the water absorption device has a closed water cooling device of not less than one layer on the inner wall of the water-cooling cavity of the inner sunshade device, and the cold water outlet of the evaporative refrigeration device is connected to the inlet pipe of the closed water cooling device and is connected in series The water pump, the outlet pipe of the closed water cooling device is connected to the return pipe of the evaporative cooling device.
  • the evaporative refrigerating device is disposed in the indoor area or outside the indoor area; the air inlet and the air outlet of the evaporative cooling device are respectively communicated with the outside of the indoor area.
  • the cold water outlet pipe of the evaporative refrigeration device is connected to the water inlet pipe of the water absorption device and has a water pump connected in series, and the water outlet pipe of the water absorption device communicates with the inlet pipe of the evaporative refrigeration device; the cold water outlet pipe of the evaporative refrigeration device and the indoor cold room
  • the inlet pipe at the end is connected to the water pump in series, and the outlet pipe at the end of the indoor cooling port is connected to the inlet pipe of the evaporative cooling device.
  • the cold water outlet pipe of the evaporative refrigerating device is connected to the inlet pipe of the indoor cold end and connected with a water pump, and the outlet pipe of the indoor cold end is connected with the water inlet pipe of the water heat absorption device, and the water outlet pipe and evaporative cooling of the water heat absorption device are The inlet pipes of the device are connected.
  • the air supply port of the evaporative cooling device communicates with the indoor area.
  • the invention can be applied to various living, public buildings and industrial buildings, and absorbs the heat of the solar radiation of the light-transmitting enclosure structure by passive cooling, thereby effectively reducing the heat load of the room and being easy to cooperate with the building space. , the cost is lower.
  • it is applied in dry and hot areas, and its purpose is to apply high-efficiency gradients of dry air energy, effectively reducing the heat load of the light-transmitting envelope structure such as windows, and achieving more efficient step configuration of energy.
  • the method and the device with external passive cooling according to the invention greatly reduce the weakening of the building energy consumption of the window heating, and realize the air and indoor exhaust air outside the indoor area by constructing a smooth passage of indoor and outdoor airflow heat exchange.
  • the invention is applicable to all kinds of residential, public buildings and industrial buildings, and its unique passive cooling integrated device effectively reduces the cooling load of the room in the summer, and can form an insulating air interlayer to protect the heat in the winter. Effectively reduce the heat load of the room.
  • the invention reduces the entire HVAC system due to the reduction of the indoor load, including all the equipment and materials in the HVAC system, which not only can be more easily matched in the building, but also brings greater users. Economical, low cost.
  • the invention constructs a channel for indoor and outdoor contact, effectively solves the problem of disordered ventilation in the HVAC system, and makes the airflow indoors and outdoors more smooth.
  • the present invention provides a realistic basis for the large-scale application of evaporative refrigeration air conditioning technology in residential buildings and the like.
  • the invention expands the applicable area of the evaporative refrigeration air conditioner, not only in the dry heat region, but also in the hot and humid region.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the method and apparatus of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of the method and apparatus of Example 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of the method and apparatus of Example 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of the method and apparatus of embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of the method and apparatus of Example 5 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the method and apparatus of Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic illustration of the method and apparatus of embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic illustration of the method and apparatus of embodiment 8 of the present invention.
  • the codes in the drawing are: 1 is the air outside the indoor area; 2 is the exhaust duct; 3 is the exhaust outside the indoor area; 4 is the inner shading facility; 5 is the surface air heat exchanger; Grade packing; 7 is secondary packing; 8 is exhaust fan; 9 is primary water pump; 10 is indoor sensible heat end; 11 is secondary water pump; 12 is closed water cooling device.
  • a is an evaporative refrigeration unit.
  • the present invention is not limited by the following embodiments, and specific embodiments can be determined based on the technical solutions and actual conditions of the present invention described above.
  • Embodiment 1 As shown in FIG. 1, the device with passive cooling of external air water circulation includes an indoor zone B, an evaporative refrigeration device a, a device C with passive cooling of external air water circulation, and a device C with passive cooling of external air water circulation.
  • the inner shading device 4 itself or/and the translucent enclosure structure has a water absorption device;
  • the inner shading device is made of a light transmissive or non-transparent material;
  • indoor The area B is an indoor space composed of a light-transmitting envelope structure and other enclosure structures;
  • the cold water outlet of the evaporative cooling device a and the cold water inlet of the water-absorbing device are connected through the inlet pipe and are connected in series on the inlet pipe
  • Embodiment 2 differs from Embodiment 1 in that: as shown in FIG. 2, the evaporative refrigeration device a of Embodiment 2 employs a secondary evaporative refrigeration device; The cold water outlet of the evaporative refrigeration unit of the stage is connected to the water inlet of the water absorption device through the inlet pipe, and a water pump is connected in series to the inlet pipe, and the water outlet of the water absorption device passes through the outlet pipe and the evaporative refrigeration device of the stage.
  • the inlet pipe is connected; the cold water outlet of the evaporative refrigeration unit of the other stage is connected to the inlet of the chilled end in the indoor area through the inlet pipe, and the outlet of the chilled end of the indoor area passes through the outlet pipe and evaporative cooling
  • the inlet pipes of the device are connected.
  • the method of passive cooling with external air water circulation of Embodiment 2 is carried out as follows: after the air 1 outside the indoor zone is cooled by the surface air heat exchanger 5 of the evaporative cooling device a, the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are fixed. After the degree is reduced, the first stage filler 6 and the second layer filler 7 are sequentially subjected to heat and moisture exchange with the water in the filler (return water), and the heat is absorbed back into the water, and then the exhaust fan 8 and the exhaust duct 2 are used as indoor areas. The outer exhaust 3 directly exits the indoor zone B.
  • the cold storage medium of the cold storage medium outputted by the first-stage water tank is transported by the first-stage water pump 9 through the water pipe to the indoor cold-end end 10, and sensible heat exchange occurs in the room to provide the sensible cooling capacity.
  • the return water of the indoor chilling end 10 first returns to the surface air heat exchanger of the evaporative refrigerating unit a, and then returns to the discharge of the first-stage packing to form a water circulation.
  • the cold medium of the cold medium output from the secondary water tank is transported by the secondary water pump 11 through the water pipe to the open wet curtain water film device or the closed water cooling device in the device C with the external air water circulation passive cooling, and simultaneously eliminates a large number of visible near the window. The heat is heated, and the return water of the closed water cooling device returns to the discharge of the secondary packing to form a second water cycle.
  • Embodiment 3 differs from Embodiments 1 and 2 in that:
  • the water absorbing device of Embodiment 3 is not on the inner wall of the water-cooling cavity of the inner sunshade facility.
  • the open type wet curtain water film device of less than one layer is shown in FIG. 3 as a single layer.
  • the open wet curtain water film device comprises a nozzle and a water tank, and the cold water of the evaporation refrigeration device is sent to the nozzle through the water pump and the water pipe.
  • the water coming out of the nozzle forms a wet curtain water film and falls into the water tank, and the water in the water tank flows back to the water inlet pipe of the evaporating and cooling device.
  • Embodiment 4 As shown in Figs. 3 to 4, Embodiment 4 differs from Embodiment 3 in that, as shown in Fig. 4, the open type wet curtain water film device of Embodiment 4 is double-layered.
  • Embodiment 5 differs from Embodiments 1 and 4 in that:
  • the water absorbing device of Embodiment 3 is not on the inner wall of the water-cooling cavity of the inner sunshade facility.
  • the closed water cooling device with less than one layer is a single layer as shown in Fig. 5.
  • the cold water of the evaporative cooling device is sent to the inlet pipe of the closed water cooling device through the water pump and the water pipe, and the water of the closed water cooling device is absorbed by the water.
  • the outlet pipe flows back to the inlet pipe of the evaporative refrigeration unit.
  • Embodiment 6 As shown in Figs. 5 to 6, Embodiment 6 is different from Embodiment 5 in that, as shown in Fig. 6, the closed water cooling apparatus of Embodiment 6 is double-layered.
  • Embodiment 7 As shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, Embodiment 7 is different from Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 6 in that: as shown in FIG. 7, the air in the evaporative refrigerating apparatus of Embodiment 7 has a treatment. The air is sent into the indoor area.
  • Embodiment 8 As shown in FIGS. 7 to 8, Embodiment 8 is different from Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 6 in that, as shown in FIG. 8, the air 1 outside the indoor area of Embodiment 8 passes through an evaporative cooling device. After the surface air heat exchanger 5 of A is cooled, the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are reduced to some extent, and one of the treated air is sent to the indoor area through the direct evaporative cooling device.
  • the other treated air passes through the first-stage packing 6, the second-stage packing 7 and undergoes heat-humid exchange with the water in the packing (return water), and then absorbs the heat back into the water and is taken by the exhaust fan 8 and the exhaust duct 2 as The exhaust air 3 outside the indoor area directly exits the indoor area B.
  • the cold storage medium of the first-stage water tank is cooled by the first-stage water pump 9 through the water pipe to the indoor cold-end terminal 10, and sensible heat exchange occurs in the room to provide the sensible cooling capacity.
  • the return water of the indoor chilling end 10 first returns to the surface air heat exchanger of the evaporative refrigerating unit A, and then returns to the discharge of the first-stage packing to form a water circulation.
  • the cold medium of the cold medium output from the secondary water tank is transported by the secondary water pump 11 through the water pipe to the open wet curtain water film device or the closed water cooling device in the device C with the external air water circulation passive cooling, and simultaneously eliminates a large number of visible near the window.
  • the heat is heated, and the return water of the closed water cooling device returns to the discharge of the secondary packing to form a second water cycle.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

一种具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的装置及其冷却方法，该装置包括蒸发制冷装置（a）、内遮阳设施（4）和透光性围护结构；内遮阳设施（4）和/或透光性围护结构上设有水吸热装置；内遮阳设施（4）采用透光或非透光的材料制成；透光性围护结构与其他围护结构围成室内区域（B）；蒸发制冷装置（a）的冷水出水口与水吸热装置的冷水进水口通过水管连通并串接有水泵，蒸发制冷装置（a）的回水进水口与水吸热装置的出水口通过水管连通。其冷却方法包括，室内区域（B）外的空气（1）经过蒸发制冷装置（a）后排出室内区域（B），蒸发制冷装置（a）的冷水端送出的冷水经过水吸热装置后由蒸发制冷装置（a）的回水端回到蒸发制冷装置（a）。

Description

说明书 一种具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的装置及其冷却方法 技术领域
本发明涉及暖通空调技术领域， 是一种具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的方法及装置， 适用于各类居住、 公共建筑及工业建筑中， 以有效减少房间透光性围护结构的太阳辐射得 热量。
背景技术
中国 2005年颁布实施的 《公共建筑节能设计标准》 中指出： 中国建筑用能已经超过 全国能源消费总量的 1/4, 并将随着人民生活水平的提高逐步增加到 1/3以上，而在建筑用 能中， 暖通空调的能耗又占到了 27.4%左右， 因此大力倡导暖通空调节能， 对于建设资源 节约型、 环境友好型的低碳型社会有着至关重要的作用。
空调设备夏季承担的冷负荷主要由空调房间的冷负荷、机组本身产热需要消除的冷负 荷及新风负荷三部分构成。 按照不同的地区， 不同的气象条件， 不同的设备条件， 及围护 结构的不同， 三部分所占的冷负荷比例有所不同， 但空调房间的得热形成的冷负荷为主要 权重部分， 必须引起充分的重视。 而房间的总冷负荷由以下部分构成： 1、 人员、 室内电 器设备的散热散湿量； 2、 窗户的太阳辐射得热形成的冷负荷； 3、 围护墙体、 屋面等通过 导热、 对流形成的冷负荷； 4、 空调区域外的空气通过门窗渗透形成的冷负荷。
根据相关资料， 在建筑围护结构中， 门窗的能耗约为墙体的 4倍、 屋面的 5倍、 地面 的 20多倍， 约占建筑围护结构总能耗的 40%至 50%。 因此， 增强门窗的保温隔热性能， 减少门窗能耗， 是改善室内热环境质量和提高建筑节能水平的重要环节。
对于建筑室内环境来说， 太阳辐射热是十分重要的的外扰， 在围护结构中， 外窗对空 调冷负荷有明显的影响。 由于玻璃的传热系数远大于墙体和屋顶等非透明围护结构， 其形 成的空调冷负荷所占比例要大得多， 据统计， 通过窗流失的热量占建筑能耗的 46% , 透过 玻璃的日射得热冷负荷约占空调冷负荷的 20%至 30%。 必须引起充分的重视。 另据有关 研究， 全球居住建筑以及非居住建筑冷负荷的一半为太阳辐射得热负荷， 其中通过窗户的 太阳辐射得热又占绝大部分。
因此， 窗是建筑节能的薄弱环节， 是建筑能耗的黑洞， 是控制建筑能耗的主要方向。 透过大气层到达地面的太阳辐射中包括直射辐射和散射辐射， 而建筑围护结构外表面 从空中所接受的散射辐射包括三项， 即天空散射辐射， 地面反射辐射和大气长波辐射。 通 常情况下（入射角<60° )太阳光照射到普通玻璃表面后， 7.3%的能量被反射， 不会成为 房间的得热； 79%直接透过玻璃直接进入室内， 全部成为房间的热量； 还有 13.7%则被玻
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替换页 （细则第 26条） 璃吸收， 而使玻璃温度提高。被吸收的这部分能量中， 4.9%又将以长波热辐射和对流的方 式传至室内， 而余下的 8.8%同样以长波热辐射和对流的方式散至室外， 不会成为房间的 得热。 因此玻璃的反射率越高， 透过率和吸收率越低， 太阳得热量就越少。
为了有效遮挡太阳辐射， 减少夏季空调负荷， 采用遮阳设施是目前常用的手段， 按照 设置位置的不同， 可分为外遮阳设施、 内遮阳设施， 或者是介于外遮阳设施、 内遮阳设施 之间的， 将百叶安装在两层玻璃之间的方式， 称之为双层皮幕墙。
透过玻璃窗进入室内的日射得热系由透过窗玻璃直接进人室内的日射 (简称透射日射) 和窗玻璃吸收日射后以对统和辐射方式再传人室内的热量 (简称吸收再放热)这两部分组 成。
内遮阳设施可以反射掉部分太阳辐射， 但向外反射的一部分又会被玻璃反射回来， 使 得反射作用减弱。 内遮阳只是暂时将太阳辐射热隔绝在内遮阳以外， 但这些辐射热量除部 分被反射的室外， 大部分被遮阳帘和玻璃吸收后通过辐射、对流等方式重新进入室内， 全 部成为室内得热， 并没有从根本上降低室内的空调负荷；
外遮阳设施的作用要好于内遮阳设施，但外遮阳设施由于外遮阳常年暴露在恶劣的外界环 境中， 要承受长期日晒雨淋和变化无常的风荷载， 容易损坏， 在外界大气环境中污染后降 低其反射太阳光线的能力， 不易清洗； 影响建筑的造型， 不美观； 一些不当的遮阳措施既 达不到有效的隔热， 还会给居住生活带来更多的不便。
双层皮窗户幕墙结合内、 外遮阳的特点， 采用将百叶设置在两层玻璃之间， 尽管消除 了外遮阳设施的部分缺点， 但由于百叶吸热后升温会加热玻璃间层的空气， 其中部分热量 会向室内传导而降低了其隔热能力， 目前有技术是在玻璃间层采取通风措施， 通过自然通 风或机械通风把玻璃间层的热量排到室外，这样就可以使得其遮阳隔热作用更接近于外遮 阳设施。其存在的缺点主要在于两层玻璃间空气层厚度通常较小， 导致空气流量有限， 降 温效果有限。其次是夹层百叶仍然存在被来流空气污染的问题， 且污染后的清洁甚至比外 遮阳设施更为困难。 另外其次整体制作成本较高， 与建筑的配合存在困难， 随着使用时间 的不同， 太阳高度角的不同， 百叶的开启角度需要电动调节机构， 增加其初投资成本和维 护保养的成本。
因此， 从控制稳定的室内空气环境， 对建筑形式和围护结构来说， 全面掌控一定要求 围护结构对建筑实现室内外的全面隔绝， 无论是自然釆光、 空气渗透还是热传递。 室内外 的彻底隔绝才可以对室内各物理参数进行有效的调控， 相对来说， 所需要的能源消耗也就 越少， 越节能。 然而从环境的改善出发， 首先要追求自然釆光、 自然通风、 甚至对围护结 构的传热性能来说， 有些地域从气候特点出发有时也希望围护结构成为连接室内外的 "能
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替换页 （细则第 26条） 量传输通道 "， 这样的两种理念就会追求完全不同的建筑形式和围护结构形式。
综上所述，窗户是建筑节能的薄弱环节，造成的室内冷热负荷增大的主要因素，但是, 一直以来还未见到既能满足室内空气调节的需要又能大幅度减少能耗且成本低的方法及 其装置的报道。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的方法及装置，其克服了现有技术之 不足，有效解决了由于窗户等透光性围护结构因太阳辐射得热量高而造成的室内区域温度 高的问题，其能有效地大幅度减少窗户等透光性围护结构造成的室内区域温度的升高且成 本较低， 易与建筑物配合。
本发明的技术方案之一是通过以下措施来实现的：一种具有外空气水循环被动式冷却 的方法， 其按下述方法进行： 室内区域外的空气经过蒸发制冷装置后被排出室内区域， 蒸 发制冷装置的冷水端送出的冷水经过具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的装置的水吸热装置 后由蒸发制冷装置的回水端回到蒸发制冷装置； 其中， 具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的装 置包括内遮阳设施和透光性围护结构，内遮阳设施自身或 /和透光性围护结构上有水吸热装 置； 内遮阳设施采用透光或非透光的材料制成； 室内区域是由透光性围护结构与其它围护 结构所构成的室内空间。。
下面对上述技术方案之一作进一步的优化或 /和选择：
上述水吸热装置为在内遮阳设施的水冷空腔的内壁上有不少于一层的开式湿帘水膜 装置， 该开式湿帘水膜装置包括喷头和接水槽， 蒸发制冷装置的冷水经过水泵和水管送给 喷头， 从喷头出来的水形成湿帘水膜并落入接水槽内， 接水槽内的水流回蒸发制冷装置的 进水管。
上述水吸热装置为在内遮阳设施的水冷空腔的内壁上有不少于一层的闭式水冷装置， 蒸发制冷装置的冷水经过水泵和水管送给闭式水冷装置的进水管， 闭式水冷装置的水吸热 后经过出水管流回蒸发制冷装置的进水管。
上述蒸发制冷装置置于室内区域内或室内区域外；室内区域外的空气经过进风管进入 蒸发制冷装置进行热量交换后被从出风管排至室内区域外。
上述蒸发制冷装置的冷水经过水泵和水管送给水吸热装置的进水管，水吸热装置的水 经过出水管流回蒸发制冷装置的进水管；蒸发制冷装置的冷水经过水泵和水管送给室内显 冷末端的进水管， 室内显冷末端的水吸热后经过其出水管流回蒸发制冷装置的进水管。
上述蒸发制冷装置的冷水经过水泵和水管送给室内显冷末端的进水管，室内显冷末端 的水吸热后给水吸热装置的进水管，水吸热装置的水经过出水管流回蒸发制冷装置的进水
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替换页 （细则第 26条） 管。
上述蒸发制冷装置处理后的空气中有一股空气送入室内区域内。
本发明的技术方案之二是通过以下措施来实现的：一种具有外空气水循环被动式冷却 的装置， 其包括室内区域、 蒸发制冷装置； 还包括内遮阳设施和透光性围护结构， 内遮阳 设施自身或 /和透光性围护结构上有水吸热装置； 内遮阳设施采用透光或非透光的材料制 成； 室内区域是由透光性围护结构与其它围护结构所构成的室内空间； 蒸发制冷装置的冷 水出水口与水吸热装置的冷水进水口通过进水管连通并串接有水泵，蒸发制冷装置的回水 进水口与水吸热装置的出水口通过出水管连通。
下面对上述技术方案之二作进一步的优化或 /和选择：
上述水吸热装置为在内遮阳设施的水冷空腔的内壁上有不少于一层的开式湿帘水膜装置， 该开式湿帘水膜装置包括喷头和接水槽，蒸发制冷装置的冷水出水口与喷头通过进水管连 通并串接有水泵，蒸发制冷装置的回水进水口与喷头下方的接水槽内的出水口通过出水管 连通。
上述水吸热装置为在内遮阳设施的水冷空腔的内壁上有不少于一层的闭式水冷装置， 蒸发制冷装置的冷水出水口与闭式水冷装置的进水管相连通并串接有水泵， 闭式水冷装置 的出水管与蒸发制冷装置的回水管相连通。
上述蒸发制冷装置置于室内区域内或室内区域外；蒸发制冷装置的进风口和出风口分 别与室内区域外相通。
上述蒸发制冷装置的冷水出水管与水吸热装置的进水管相通且串接有水泵，水吸热装 置的出水管与蒸发制冷装置的进水管相通；蒸发制冷装置的冷水出水管与室内显冷末端的 进水管相通且串接有水泵， 室内显冷末端的出水管与蒸发制冷装置的进水管相通。
上述蒸发制冷装置的冷水出水管与室内显冷末端的进水管相通且串接有水泵，室内显 冷末端的出水管与水吸热装置的进水管相通，水吸热装置的出水管与蒸发制冷装置的进水 管相通。
上述蒸发制冷装置的送风口与室内区域内相通。
本发明可以适用于各类居住、 公共建筑及工业建筑中， 以被动冷却的方式大幅吸收透 光性围护结构的太阳辐射得热量，从而有效减低了室内的得热负荷，易于和建筑空间配合， 成本较低。特别的是其在干热地区应用，其目的在于干空气能的高效梯度应用，有效降低窗 户等透光性围护结构的得热负荷， 实现能量更有效的梯级配置。在通过本发明具有外被动 式冷却的方法及其装置大幅降低窗户得热这一建筑能耗的薄弱环节， 由于构建了室内外气 流热交换的顺畅通道， 实现了室内区域外的空气和室内排风气流交换的建筑呼吸系统， 室
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替换页 （细则第 26条） 内空气品质好。特别地在干空气能蒸发制冷技术应用领域， 使得其在家庭居住建筑的应用 实现了突破性的进展。
本发明的综合效果为：
1.本发明适用于各类居住、 公共建筑及工业建筑中， 其特有的被动式冷却集成装置在 夏季有效的降低了房间的冷负荷，在冬季又可以形成保温空气夹层起到隔热的作用从而有 效的降低房间的热负荷。
2.本发明由于室内负荷的降低使得整个暖通空调系统减小， 其中包括暖通空调系统中 的所有设备和用材， 不仅可以在建筑上更容易配合， 而且也为用户带来了更大的经济性， 成本较低。
3.本发明构建了室内外联系的通道，有效的解决了暖通空调系统中的排风无序的问题, 使得室内外的气流更加顺畅。
4.本发明使得蒸发制冷空调技术在住宅建筑等民用建筑的大规模应用有了现实的基 础。
5.本发明拓展了蒸发制冷空调适用的区域， 不仅仅在干热地区使用， 更可以在湿热地 区得到很好的应用。
附图说明
附图 1为本发明的实施例 1的方法及其装置的示意图。
附图 2为本发明的实施例 2的方法及其装置的示意图。
附图 3为本发明的实施例 3的方法及其装置的示意图。
附图 4为本发明的实施例 4的方法及其装置的示意图。
附图 5为本发明的实施例 5的方法及其装置的示意图。
附图 6为本发明的实施例 6的方法及其装置的示意图。
附图 7为本发明的实施例 7的方法及其装置的示意图。
附图 8为本发明的实施例 8的方法及其装置的示意图。
附图中的编码分别为： 1为室内区域外的空气； 2为排风管路； 3为室内区域外的排风; 4为内遮阳设施； 5为表面式空气换热器； 6为一级填料； 7为二级填料； 8为排风机； 9 为一级水泵； 10为室内显热末端； 11为二级水泵； 12为闭式水冷装置。 B为室内区域； C 为具有外被动式冷却装置。 a为蒸发制冷装置。
具体实施方式
本发明不受下述实施例的限制，可根据上述本发明的技术方案和实际情况来确定具体 的实施方式。
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替换页 （细则第 26条） 下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步论述：
实施例 1 : 如附图 1所示， 该具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的装置包括室内区域 B、 蒸发制冷装置 a、 具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的装置 C; 具有外空气水循环被动式冷却 的装置 C包括包括内遮阳设施 4和透光性围护结构， 内遮阳设施 4自身或 /和透光性围护 结构上有水吸热装置； 内遮阳设施采用透光或非透光的材料制成；室内区域 B是由透光性 围护结构与其它围护结构所构成的室内空间；蒸发制冷装置 a的冷水出水口与水吸热装置 的冷水进水口通过进水管连通， 并在进水管上串接有水泵， 蒸发制冷装置 a的回水进水口 与水吸热装置的出水口通过出水管连通。
实施例 2: 如附图 1和 2所示， 实施例 2与实施例 1的不同之处在于： 如附图 2所示， 实施例 2的蒸发制冷装置 a采用二级蒸发制冷装置；其中一级的蒸发制冷装置的冷水出水 口与水吸热装置的进水口通过进水管相连通， 在进水管上串接有水泵， 水吸热装置的出水 口经过出水管与该级的蒸发制冷装置 a的进水管相连通；其中另一级的蒸发制冷装置的冷 水出水口与室内区域内的显冷末端的进水口通过进水管相连通，室内区域的显冷末端的出 水口经过出水管与蒸发制冷装置的进水管相连通。
实施例 2的具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的方法按下述方法进行：室内区域外的空气 1经过蒸发制冷装置 a的表面式空气换热器 5冷却处理后， 干球温度和湿球温度得到一定 程度的降低后， 依次经过一级填料 6、 二级填料 7并与填料中的淋水（回水）发生热湿交 换后， 吸收回水中热量后由排风机 8和排风管道 2作为室内区域外的排风 3直接排出室内 区域 B。一级水箱输出的载冷介质低温冷水由一级水泵 9通过水管输送到室内显冷末端 10， 和室内发生显热交换， 提供显冷量。 室内显冷末端 10的回水先回到蒸发制冷装置 a的表 面式空气换热器 5再回到一级填料的喷排处， 形成一个水循环。二级水箱输出的载冷介质 高温冷水由二级水泵 11通过水管输送到具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的装置 C中的开式 湿帘水膜装置或闭式水冷装置中同时消除窗户附近大量的显热得热负荷， 闭式水冷装置的 回水回到二级填料的喷排处形成第二个水循环。
实施例 3: 如附图 1至 3所示， 实施例 3与实施例 1和 2的不同之处在于： 实施例 3 的水吸热装置为在内遮阳设施的水冷空腔的内壁上有不少于一层的开式湿帘水膜装置， 附 图 3所示为单层的， 该开式湿帘水膜装置包括喷头和接水槽， 蒸发制冷装置的冷水经过水 泵和水管送给喷头， 从喷头出来的水形成湿帘水膜并落入接水槽内， 接水槽内的水流回蒸 发制冷装置的进水管。
实施例 4: 如附图 3至 4所示， 实施例 4与实施例 3的不同之处在于： 如附图 4所示， 实施例 4的开式湿帘水膜装置为双单层的。
6
替换页 （细则第 26条） 实施例 5: 如附图 1至 4所示， 实施例 5与实施例 1和 4的不同之处在于： 实施例 3 的水吸热装置为在内遮阳设施的水冷空腔的内壁上有不少于一层的闭式水冷装置，如附图 5所示为单层的， 蒸发制冷装置的冷水经过水泵和水管送给闭式水冷装置的进水管， 闭式 水冷装置的水吸热后经过出水管流回蒸发制冷装置的进水管。
实施例 6: 如附图 5至 6所示， 实施例 6与实施例 5的不同之处在于： 如附图 6所示， 实施例 6的闭式水冷装置为双单层的。
实施例 7: 如附图 1至 7所示， 实施例 7与实施例 1至实施例 6的不同之处在于： 如 附图 7所示， 实施例 7的蒸发制冷装置处理后的空气中有一股空气送入室内区域内。
实施例 8: 如附图 7至 8所示， 实施例 8与实施例 1至实施例 6的不同之处在于： 如 附图 8所示， 实施例 8室内区域外的空气 1经过蒸发制冷装置 A的表面式空气换热器 5 冷却处理后， 干球温度和湿球温度得到一定程度的降低后， 其中有一股被处理后的空气再 经过直接蒸发制冷装置处理后送入室内区域内。另外一股处理过的空气依次经过一级填料 6、二级填料 7并与填料中的淋水（回水）发生热湿交换后， 吸收回水中热量后由排风机 8 和排风管道 2作为室内区域外的排风 3直接排出室内区域 B。一级水箱输出的载冷介质低 温冷水由一级水泵 9通过水管输送到室内显冷末端 10，和室内发生显热交换，提供显冷量。 室内显冷末端 10的回水先回到蒸发制冷装置 A的表面式空气换热器 5再回到一级填料的 喷排处， 形成一个水循环。 二级水箱输出的载冷介质高温冷水由二级水泵 11通过水管输 送到具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的装置 C 中的开式湿帘水膜装置或闭式水冷装置中同 时消除窗户附近大量的显热得热负荷， 闭式水冷装置的回水回到二级填料的喷排处形成第 二个水循环。
以上技术特征构成了本发明的实施例， 其具有较强的适应性和实施效果， 可根据实际 需要增减非必要的技术特征， 来满足不同情况的需求。
替换页 （细则第 26条)

Claims

权利要求
1.一种具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的方法，其特征在于按下述方法进行：室内区域外的 空气经过蒸发制冷装置后被排出室内区域，蒸发制冷装置的冷水端送出的冷水经过具有外 空气水循环被动式冷却的装置的水吸热装置后由蒸发制冷装置的回水端回到蒸发制冷装 置； 其中， 具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的装置包括内遮阳设施和透光性围护结构， 内遮 阳设施自身或 /和透光性围护结构上有水吸热装置；内遮阳设施采用透光或非透光的材料制 成； 室内区域是由透光性围护结构与其它围护结构所构成的室内空间。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的方法，其特征在于水吸热装置为 在内遮阳设施的水冷空腔的内壁上有不少于一层的开式湿帘水膜装置，该开式湿帘水膜装 置包括喷头和接水槽， 蒸发制冷装置的冷水经过水泵和水管送给喷头， 从喷头出来的水形 成湿帘水膜并落入接水槽内， 接水槽内的水流回蒸发制冷装置的进水管。
3.根据权利要求 1所述的具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的方法，其特征在于水吸热装置为 在内遮阳设施的水冷空腔的内壁上有不少于一层的闭式水冷装置，蒸发制冷装置的冷水经 过水泵和水管送给闭式水冷装置的进水管， 闭式水冷装置的水吸热后经过出水管流回蒸发 制冷装置的进水管。
4.根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的方法，其特征在于蒸发 制冷装置置于室内区域内或室内区域外；室内区域外的空气经过进风管进入蒸发制冷装置 进行热量交换后被从出风管排至室内区域外。
5.根据权利要求 4所述的具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的方法，其特征在于蒸发制冷装置 的冷水经过水泵和水管送给水吸热装置的进水管，水吸热装置的水经过出水管流回蒸发制 冷装置的进水管； 蒸发制冷装置的冷水经过水泵和水管送给室内显冷末端的进水管， 室内 显冷末端的水吸热后经过其出水管流回蒸发制冷装置的进水管。
6.根据权利要求 4所述的具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的方法，其特征在于蒸发制冷装置 的冷水经过水泵和水管送给室内显冷末端的进水管，室内显冷末端的水吸热后给水吸热装 置的进水管， 水吸热装置的水经过出水管流回蒸发制冷装置的进水管。
7.根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的方法，其特征在于蒸发 制冷装置处理后的空气中有一股空气送入室内区域内。
8.根据权利要求 5所述的具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的方法，其特征在于蒸发制冷装置 处理后的空气中有一股空气送入室内区域内。
9.根据权利要求 6所述的具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的方法，其特征在于蒸发制冷装置 处理后的空气中有一股空气送入室内区域内。
10.一种具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的装置，其特征在于包括室内区域、蒸发制冷装置；
8
替换页 （细则第 26条） 还包括内遮阳设施和透光性围护结构，内遮阳设施自身或 /和透光性围护结构上有水吸热装 置； 内遮阳设施采用透光或非透光的材料制成； 室内区域是由透光性围护结构与其它围护 结构所构成的室内空间；蒸发制冷装置的冷水出水口与水吸热装置的冷水进水口通过进水 管连通并串接有水泵， 蒸发制冷装置的回水进水口与水吸热装置的出水口通过出水管连 通。
11.根据权利要求 10所述的具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的装置，其特征在于水吸热装置 为在内遮阳设施的水冷空腔的内壁上有不少于一层的开式湿帘水膜装置，该开式湿帘水膜 装置包括喷头和接水槽， 蒸发制冷装置的冷水出水口与喷头通过进水管连通并串接有水 泵， 蒸发制冷装置的回水进水口与喷头下方的接水槽内的出水口通过出水管连通。
12.根据权利要求 10所述的具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的装置,其特征在于水吸热装置 为在内遮阳设施的水冷空腔的内壁上有不少于一层的闭式水冷装置，蒸发制冷装置的冷水 出水口与闭式水冷装置的进水管相连通并串接有水泵， 闭式水冷装置的出水管与蒸发制冷 装置的回水管相连通。
13.根据权利要求 10或 11或 12所述的具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的装置，其特征在于 蒸发制冷装置置于室内区域内或室内区域外；蒸发制冷装置的进风口和出风口分别与室内 区域外相通。
14.根据权利要求 13所述的具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的装置，其特征在于蒸发制冷装 置的冷水出水管与水吸热装置的进水管相通且串接有水泵，水吸热装置的出水管与蒸发制 冷装置的进水管相通；蒸发制冷装置的冷水出水管与室内显冷末端的进水管相通且串接有 水泵， 室内显冷末端的出水管与蒸发制冷装置的进水管相通。
15.根据权利要求 13所述的具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的装置，其特征在于蒸发制冷装 置的冷水出水管与室内显冷末端的进水管相通且串接有水泵，室内显冷末端的出水管与水 吸热装置的进水管相通， 水吸热装置的出水管与蒸发制冷装置的进水管相通。
16.根据权利要求 10或 11或 12所述的具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的装置，其特征在于 蒸发制冷装置的送风口与室内区域内相通。
17.根据权利要求 13所述的具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的装置,其特征在于蒸发制冷装 置的送风口与室内区域内相通。
18.根据权利要求 14所述的具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的装置,其特征在于蒸发制冷装 置的送风口与室内区域内相通。
19.根据权利要求 15所述的具有外空气水循环被动式冷却的装置,其特征在于蒸发制冷装 置的送风口与室内区域内相通。
9
替换页 （细则第 26条）
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