WO2012011014A1 - Visualisation de l'écoulement en 3d - Google Patents

Visualisation de l'écoulement en 3d Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012011014A1
WO2012011014A1 PCT/IB2011/053070 IB2011053070W WO2012011014A1 WO 2012011014 A1 WO2012011014 A1 WO 2012011014A1 IB 2011053070 W IB2011053070 W IB 2011053070W WO 2012011014 A1 WO2012011014 A1 WO 2012011014A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flow
contrast
vessel
sets
computer program
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Application number
PCT/IB2011/053070
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English (en)
Inventor
Odile Bonnefous
Sherif Makram-Ebeid
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Publication of WO2012011014A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012011014A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/20—Analysis of motion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T11/00—2D [Two Dimensional] image generation
    • G06T11/003—Reconstruction from projections, e.g. tomography
    • G06T11/008—Specific post-processing after tomographic reconstruction, e.g. voxelisation, metal artifact correction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30004—Biomedical image processing
    • G06T2207/30101—Blood vessel; Artery; Vein; Vascular
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30004—Biomedical image processing
    • G06T2207/30101—Blood vessel; Artery; Vein; Vascular
    • G06T2207/30104—Vascular flow; Blood flow; Perfusion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to 3D rotational angiography. Particularly, the invention relates to a method and system for visualization of a flow of a fluid in a vessel. Furthermore, the invention relates to a computer program for automatically performing the method.
  • contrast agent injection With contrast agent injection, X-ray produces 2D dynamic sequences of flowing contrast agent within vessels. These images allow the detection and the localization of vessel structures during intervention, useful for a stent placement for instance in coronary or brain aneurysms. On the other hand, 3D rotational angiographic images can be produced to get 3D anatomy of vessels.
  • US 2010/0053209 Al describes a system which creates a visually coated 3D image that depicts 3D vascular function information including transit time of blood flow through the anatomy.
  • the system combines 3D medical image data with vessel blood flow information.
  • the system uses at least one repository for storing 3D image data representing a 3D imaging volume including vessels, in the presence of a contrast agent and 2D image data representing a 2D X-ray image through the imaging volume in the presence of a contrast agent.
  • An image data processor uses the 3D image data and the 2D image data in deriving blood flow related information for the vessels.
  • a display processor provides data representing a composite single displayed image including a vessel structure provided by the 3D image data and the derived blood flow related information.
  • the invention proposes to use only one 3D acquisition to produce 3D anatomy and 3D flow sequences.
  • 3D anatomy and pulsatile time variing flow information are produced with the unique 3D acquisition.
  • the 3D flow information obtained overcome limitations linked to 2D contrast flow sequence acquisitions.
  • Another essential advantage of this invention is that the flow information is directly extracted from patient specific imaging data. In particular, it does not rely on flow simulation as it is offered with computer flow dynamic packages.
  • only one 3D acquisition of an object of interest may be performed, a 3D image of the object is reconstructed on the basis of the received data, and a vessel structure in which a fluid is flowing is identified.
  • the acquired data consist in a set of projected views acquired through the rotation of the X-Ray source, detector assembly, around the object of interest.
  • anatomical representation of the vascular stucture is first computed. Taking advantage of the modulation of the contrast produced by the pulsatility of the arterial flow at the injection point, the data are processed in order to identify and extract the temporal modulation of the contrast agent.
  • the contrast variations due to geometrical perspective variations are seperated from temporal contrast modulation variations prior the 3D contrast sequence reconstruction step.
  • the total contrast variations are reconstructed in function of time everywhere in the volume, and show the propagation of the modulation wihtin the arterial imaged volume. Furthermore, such reconstruction may be wisualized. Also, the flow of the fluid within the vessel may be computed and based on the achieved results, and a flow representation (e.g. the blood velocity), usually together with the vessel structure is visualized.
  • a flow representation e.g. the blood velocity
  • this method may be performed on a system for visualizing a flow of a fluid in a vessel, which comprises
  • the system further comprises an X-ray source and an X-ray detector, both movable around an object of interest, for generating data of a 3D acquisition.
  • a corresponding computer program is preferably loaded into a work memory of the processing unit.
  • the processing unit is thus equipped to carry out the method of the invention.
  • the invention relates to a computer-readable medium such as a CD-ROM at which the computer program may be stored.
  • the computer program may also be presented over a network like the Worldwide Web and can be downloaded into the work memory of the processing unit from such a network.
  • the data of one 3D acquisition may be stored for example at a database and may be received from that database, or may be acquired immediately from an X- ray detector being part of a C-arm or an X-ray gantry.
  • the system according to the invention may further comprise an input device giving a user the possibility to, for example, choose a view or a direction from which a reprojection should be reconstructed.
  • the processing unit may be realized by only one processor performing all the steps of the invention, or by a group or plurality of processors, for example a system processor for processing the image data, a separate processor specialized on a simulation or representation of a flow of fluid, and a further processor for controlling a monitor for visualizing the result.
  • Fig. 1 is a flow-chart of steps of the method in accordance with the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows an exemplary visualization of aspects of the method.
  • Fig. 3 shows further aspects of the method.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic illustration of an user interface.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic illustration of a system according to the invention.
  • Fig. 6 shows a comparison of simulated and reconstructed contrast curves.
  • Fig. 7 shows transversal slices and projections of a volume of a 3D sequence.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the principles of the steps performed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that the steps described are major steps, wherein these major steps might be differentiated or divided into several sub-steps. Furthermore, there might be also sub-steps between these major steps.
  • step SI data of one 3D acquisition especially a 3D RA acquisition (3D rotational angiography acquisition) is generated.
  • These generated data may for example be stored in a memory, and will be transmitted to a processing unit later.
  • step S2 the data of the one 3D acquisition is received by the processing unit.
  • the processing unit As it is possible to receive these data from the above-mentioned memory, it is also possible to immediately receive the data from an X-ray detector.
  • Collection of projection images may be acquired with a rotational system providing a set of projection images each of them being characterized by a projection direction.
  • step S3 a 3D volume is reconstructed using the projection images acquired with the rotational system.
  • Each image is a projection of the injected volume characterized by the angle defining the projection direction.
  • static 3D data are reconstructed.
  • the resulting reconstruction represents the mean 3D object during the rotational sequence.
  • step S4 vessel structures are segmented, for instance, using adapted local thresholding techniques.
  • a 3D mask may be produced on the basis of the segmented vessel structure. By means of this, overlapping parts may be masked before a re-projection, allowing better contrast flow imaging.
  • step S6 a temporal filtering is performed. Due to flow pulsatility, contrast agent mixing varies during injection. When blood flow is fast (systolic flow), more blood is flowing and contrast agent density is low. When flow is slow (diastolic flow), less blood is flowing and contrast density is high. This produces a time modulation of contrast characterized by the cardiac frequency, which propagates within the arterial tree with the natural blood flow.
  • step S7 a view or viewing direction may be chosen.
  • step S8 a flow sequence may be reprojected for this chosen view. It is noted, that also views are possible, which are not accessible with conventional 2D projection acquisitions.
  • step S9 a flow of a fluid is computed in 3D.
  • the cardiac frequency f is used to seperate this cardiac frequency modulation during reconstruction.
  • the successive projection images /( ⁇ (t)) defined by their projection angles ( (t) at time t are multiplied with complex exponential e ⁇ j2 fct .
  • the 3D reconstruction operation R is performed on the 2 components (real and imaginary) of the product set /( ⁇ (t)) * e ⁇ J2 fJ .
  • V(t) M * Re al( 7( ⁇ ( ) * ⁇ ;2 ⁇ / ⁇ ) * e %ft ) ,
  • step S 10 a representation of the flow in 3D is produced, for example streamlines and velocity fields.
  • step SI 1 the flow representation, i.e. the contrast modulation and flow pattern are visualized together with the vessel structure.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show an exemplary visualization of the method according to preferred embodiments of the invention.
  • data are used acquired with a rotation system such as the ones used for 3DRA imaging or CT procedures.
  • a rotation system such as the ones used for 3DRA imaging or CT procedures.
  • temporal 3D sequences of flowing contrast within the vessel tree is reconstructed, at each position.
  • An important technical issue, as also stated above, is the separation of the effect of rotation on the projections from the time modulation of the contrast product.
  • ART Algebraic Reconstruction Technique is a well-known iterative algorithm for the reconstruction of a two-dimensional image from a series of one-dimensional angular projections (a sinogram) typically used in Computed Tomography scanning).
  • the time variations are generally ignored, except when structure displacements are involved, like in cardiac 3D reconstruction. In that case, specific 3D records, synchronized on cardiac frequency are used, giving access to 3D geometry.
  • the reconstructed contrast value is not accurately defined. According to the invention, a different problem is in focus. Objects are considered well localized in space. The contrast variations through a pulsatile periodic modulation due to the pulsatile flow are considered, which is a very strong condition.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the possible separation of projection acquisition variations and contrast modulation in a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis.
  • 2D objects of the cut plane are considered projected on ID projection lines, as shown at I(t) in figure 2.
  • the projection operation is then simply performed using a Radon transformation.
  • the projected object consists of two rectangles characterized by the same dimensions, one being pusatile (upper left corner in I(t)), the other one being static (lower right corner in I(t)).
  • the Radon transform is presented beside on the right side, and mimicking the acquisition system action, displays the two objects differently, the pulsatile one inducing a modulation visible in the projected rays.
  • the next step of the process deals with the 2D sequence reconstruction. It is illustrated on figure 3.
  • the projected pulsatile component is demodulated with the complex exponential defined by the pulsation frequency. It is well known that this operation produces an oscillatory component at the double frequency, and a static component. As described previously, the oscillatory component will be cancelled out by the reconstruction. But the constant one will produce a reconstructed object, containing the phase distribution of the contrast modulation.
  • the reconstruction step associated to the complex product operates as temporal Fourier transform.
  • the temporal 2D sequence is now easy to be fully generated by adding the static component already computed to the remodulated reconstructed component.
  • Fig. 4 shows an exemplary user interface providing for an interaction of a user with the system.
  • a user interface provides for the possibility, to choose a kind of a flow representation as well as a special view and mask on a basis of a 3D reconstruction of the object of interest.
  • the user interface 100 includes an icon for segmentation 110. Further the user interface shows on the left side rotation 120, projection 130 and 2D optical flow 140. On the right side, the user interface 100 shows flow representations like 3D optical flow 150, 3D flow vectors 160, 3D streamlines 170, planar flow cuts 180 as well as flow curves 190.
  • Fig. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a system according to the invention. Substantially, necessary for performing the steps according to the invention, a processing unit 100 together with a monitor 400 is part of the system.
  • the exemplary imaging device 200 includes an X-ray source 240, and an X-ray detector 260, wherein these two devices are mounted on a C-arm 220. It will be understood that the system in accordance with the invention may also comprise a non-invasive imaging modality like a computer tomography device, a magnetic resonance device, or an ultrasound device as imaging device instead of or additional to the shown C-arm based X-ray device.
  • a non-invasive imaging modality like a computer tomography device, a magnetic resonance device, or an ultrasound device as imaging device instead of or additional to the shown C-arm based X-ray device.
  • system in Fig. 5 includes an input device 300, by means of which for example a manual selection of the point of view or the flow representation may be performed. Also shown is a connection (as dotted line) to a database 600, located for example in a network.
  • a region of interest 500 for example a heart of a patient may be located.
  • a test object is considered made of one tube inserted in another one. Contrast flows are different in the two tubes. The flows circulate in opposite directions, and the velocity profiles are of different nature too: the velocity profile inside the internal tube is parabolic, while the velocity profile inside the external one is flat. Flow orientation is parallel to the rotational axis. Three harmonic components of the pseudo cardiac frequency are used in the definition of flow patterns. Relations and transport equations are used to mimic the progression of contrast within the tubes in the 3D volume (as described above). This simulation allowed generating the set of 360 2D projections describing the full rotation.
  • the reconstruction operation is implemented. At the end of the processing channel, a 3D sequence of the contrast within the two tubes is received.
  • reconstruction sequence allows to measure contrast temporal variations everywhere within the object.
  • FIG. 6 shows such contrast curves synthesized and measured after reconstruction in the two tubes.
  • the left diagram compares simulated and reconstructed curves at the center of the internal tube.
  • the right diagram presents same results extracted from the external tube. A very good fit between these curves can be seen.
  • the 3D shapes of the two tubes are known and can be used to extract particular temporal 3D objects from the volume. From the 3D reconstructed sequence, projection sequences of the tube set, and projection sequences of each tube segmented out from the full 3D sequence are produced. The direct projection of the two inverted flows does not allow to interpret the 2D sequence. When each tube is projected independently, a clear indication of the flow direction is received, and the contrast progression may be apprehended.
  • Figure 7 presents one image of these projected sequences.
  • image (A) three slices of the tubes, distributed along the axes are shown.
  • B the full projection is presented, showing unclear contrast pattern.
  • the projection on the internal tube (C) depicts the parabolic shape of the velocity profile while the last projection (D), involving only the external tube exhibits a flat profile.
  • the computer program may be stored/distributed on a suitable medium such as an optical storage medium or a solid-state medium supplied together with or as a part of another hardware, but may also be distributed in other forms, such as via the Internet or other wired or wireless telecommunication systems. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)

Abstract

Selon l'invention, seule une acquisition en 3D d'un objet d'intérêt est exécutée, une image en 3D de l'objet est reconstruite sur la base des données reçues, et une structure de récipient dans lequel un fluide s'écoule est identifiée. De plus, l'écoulement du fluide dans le récipient est calculé et fondé sur les résultats obtenus, une représentation de l'écoulement, généralement avec la structure du récipient, est visualisée.
PCT/IB2011/053070 2010-07-20 2011-07-11 Visualisation de l'écoulement en 3d WO2012011014A1 (fr)

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EP10305799.8 2010-07-20

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016145010A1 (fr) * 2015-03-10 2016-09-15 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Système et procédé d'angiographie tridimensionnelle à résolution temporelle à informations de flux
EP3300664A1 (fr) * 2016-09-30 2018-04-04 Siemens Healthcare GmbH Reconstruction de données de flux
JP2022520716A (ja) * 2019-02-06 2022-04-01 ウィリアム イー バトラー， 複数の低次元血管造影投影からの移動血管脈波の時空間的再構成

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WO2010018495A1 (fr) * 2008-08-13 2010-02-18 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Imagerie doppler couleur en radiographie
US20100053209A1 (en) 2008-08-29 2010-03-04 Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. System for Processing Medical Image data to Provide Vascular Function Information
WO2010067293A1 (fr) * 2008-12-12 2010-06-17 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Son de flux dans un examen radiologique

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WO2010018495A1 (fr) * 2008-08-13 2010-02-18 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Imagerie doppler couleur en radiographie
US20100053209A1 (en) 2008-08-29 2010-03-04 Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. System for Processing Medical Image data to Provide Vascular Function Information
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016145010A1 (fr) * 2015-03-10 2016-09-15 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Système et procédé d'angiographie tridimensionnelle à résolution temporelle à informations de flux
US10818073B2 (en) 2015-03-10 2020-10-27 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation System and method for time-resolved, three-dimensional angiography with flow information
EP3300664A1 (fr) * 2016-09-30 2018-04-04 Siemens Healthcare GmbH Reconstruction de données de flux
JP2018057847A (ja) * 2016-09-30 2018-04-12 シーメンス ヘルスケア ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング 流動データの再構築
US11317875B2 (en) 2016-09-30 2022-05-03 Siemens Healthcare Gmbh Reconstruction of flow data
JP2022520716A (ja) * 2019-02-06 2022-04-01 ウィリアム イー バトラー， 複数の低次元血管造影投影からの移動血管脈波の時空間的再構成
US11510642B2 (en) 2019-02-06 2022-11-29 William E. Butler Spatiotemporal reconstruction in higher dimensions of a moving vascular pulse wave from a plurality of lower dimensional angiographic projections
JP7304418B2 (ja) 2019-02-06 2023-07-06 ウィリアム イー バトラー， 複数の低次元血管造影投影からの移動血管脈波の時空間的再構成

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