WO2012007640A1 - Centrale électrocalogène qui utilise des copeaux de bois et qui sert d'îlot - Google Patents

Centrale électrocalogène qui utilise des copeaux de bois et qui sert d'îlot Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012007640A1
WO2012007640A1 PCT/FI2011/050634 FI2011050634W WO2012007640A1 WO 2012007640 A1 WO2012007640 A1 WO 2012007640A1 FI 2011050634 W FI2011050634 W FI 2011050634W WO 2012007640 A1 WO2012007640 A1 WO 2012007640A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electric
direct voltage
chp plant
electric energy
accumulators
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2011/050634
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Juha Sipilä
Jarno Haapakoski
Original Assignee
Fortel Components Oy
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2012007640A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012007640A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/57—Charging stations without connection to power networks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/63—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to network capacity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/65—Monitoring or controlling charging stations involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/66—Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
    • B60L53/665—Methods related to measuring, billing or payment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/14—Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a combined heat and power plant (CHP), which functions as an independent island for producing and distributing energy.
  • CHP combined heat and power plant
  • Energy conservation measures relating to habitation affect both solutions realized in energy applications and solutions related to energy production.
  • the energy needed for habitation is divided into two parts.
  • the other part consists of the production and distribution of electric energy into apartments.
  • the building norm has been changed so that the aim is a low energy apartment, where the need for external heat energy is smaller in comparison to standard building.
  • the factors in the apartment which use electric energy can be intervened with and thus the need for electric energy in a specific apartment can be reduced.
  • the need for electric energy can be optimised for example by using energy-efficient electric devices, by controlling the electricity consumption of several apartments so that all the apartments do not simultaneously use a device requiring a lot of energy, or so that certain devices, which consume a lot of energy, cannot be installed in the apartments.
  • FIG. 2 in the application publication is shown how the alternating voltage supply (43) required by the described direct voltage network (47) is connected to the common alternating voltage network in a fuse box (3).
  • the alternating voltage network is through the fuse box (3) also supplied by a boiler unit (40), solar panels (25) and a standby accumulator (42), which are connected to the alternating voltage of the fuse box (3) through a separate control unit (50), where a DC/AC conversion is performed if necessary.
  • an accumulator (36) of an electric car (28) has been suggested to be connected to its own separate charging unit (27), which performs an AC/DC or DC/AC conversion between the alternating current network (43) from the fuse box (3) and the direct voltage of the accumulator or the electric car (28). It is possible to transfer energy through the charging unit (27) in any direction.
  • the direct voltage point of the accumulator (36) of the electric car and the described intelligent DC network (43) are not depicted to have a common DC current connection point.
  • the connection from the direct voltage point of the accumulator (36) of the electric car to the direct voltage point of the "intelligent" direct voltage network (47) always passes through the alternating voltage network (43).
  • a loss of power of the magnitude described above is however always generated in the charging unit (27) and the AC/DC converter of the central unit ( ) of the direct voltage network.
  • Electric energy for the requirements of the island can also be produced by utilising wind and solar energy.
  • a reserve power machine functioning with liquid fuel can be used as a reserve power source.
  • Surplus heat energy generated on the island can be stored for example in a boiler, or it can also be used to pre-dry bio fuel to be used in the power plant.
  • Surplus electric energy generated on the island can be stored in separate accumulators, from which the stored electric energy can be discharged into the electric network of the island in a situation, where the capacity of the proper production means of electric energy is not sufficient to satisfy the need for electric energy in the island.
  • the island can be completely detached from the national network.
  • the objects of the invention are attained with a CHP plant, wherein in addition to the accumulator of the CHP plant the accumulators of the electric cars used in the island are utilized as a storage place for electric energy.
  • the accumulators of the electric cars are charged during the times, when other consumption of electricity in the island is low.
  • the electricity consumption in the island grows to be larger than the electric energy obtained from the proper energy source, the missing electric energy is taken from the accumulators of the electric cars.
  • the entire supply of electric energy of the island can at times be based only on the electric power obtainable from the accumulators.
  • the different energy sources are joined together in one direct voltage point, whereby the joining of several different electric energy sources is easy.
  • the transformation into alternating current for the user is performed in the CHP plant according to the invention only in one point in the electricity network.
  • the CHP plant it is an advantage of the CHP plant according to the invention that the number of accumulators functioning as a fixed reserve power source can be reduced in the CHP plant. This reduces the investment and maintenance costs of the CHP plant. It is further an advantage of the invention that in a situation, where the production of electric energy exceeds the need for electric energy in the electric network, the surplus electric energy can be stored in the accumulators of the electric cars. By proceeding thus, the device which produces electric energy in the CHP plant can function all the time at an optimal efficiency, and its electric power production does not need to be controlled all the time based on changes in the load of the electric network.
  • the electric network can be supplied from the accumulators of the electric cars for several hours without having the end users experience disturbances.
  • the CHP plant functioning as an island according to the invention where surplus electric energy produced by the electric energy production means is arranged to be charged into the accumulators of an electric car, is characterised in that the joining together of the direct voltage outlets of the electric energy production means and the accumulators of the electric car is arranged to be done in one direct voltage point, which is also the electricity network supply point of the CHP plant and the voltage level of which direct voltage point is arranged to indicate the state of the electric energy balance of the CHP plant.
  • the operating method of the CHP plant according to the invention where the accumulators of electric cars are charged with the surplus electric energy, is characterised in that the electric energy balance of the CHP plant is indicated to the electric energy production means and the accumulators of the electric cars from the voltage of a common direct voltage point.
  • the CHP plant according to the invention utilizes the accumulators of electric cars connected to the island as storage means for electric energy.
  • the electric energy is advantageously steered to the accumulators of the electric cars connected to the energy production system of the CHP plant.
  • the momentary need for electric energy exceeds the electric energy production, the missing electric energy is primarily taken from the accumulators of the electric cars.
  • the entire supply of electric energy of the island can at times be based only on the electric power obtainable from the accumulators.
  • Figure 1a shows as an example a CHP plant according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 1 b shows as an example a CHP plant according to a second embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 2 shows as an example an operating method of a CHP plant according to the invention.
  • Figure 1a shows an example of the means 100 related to the production and distribution of electric energy in a plant producing electric and heat energy, a CHP plant, according to the first embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 1a does not show devices and functions of the CHP plant, which mainly relate only to the production and distribution of heat.
  • the operation and energy balance of the CHP plant are advantageously controlled with a measuring and control unit 10.
  • the island made up by the exemplary CHP plant comprises ten exemplary apartments, the entire energy service of which is based on the energy obtainable from the CHP plant.
  • the CHP plant according to the invention can advantageously function as an entirely self-sufficient energy production and distribution island.
  • the invention is however not limited to an energy self-sufficient island, but the CHP plant according to the invention may also be connected to the national electric trunk network. In this embodiment it is also possible to supply the surplus electric energy generated in the island to the national electric network.
  • the end user of the electricity is supplied with three-phase current, the main voltage of which is 400 volts, via the electric network 1 comprised in the CHP plant.
  • the end users can utilise conventional electrical devices with 230 volt phase voltage available on the market.
  • the energy efficiency of the used electrical devices is however advantageously such that they consume as little energy as possible.
  • the daily need for electric energy in the above-mentioned CHP plant servicing ten households is about 350 kWh.
  • energy can be generated in several alternative ways.
  • Three energy production means 11 , 12 and 13 are shown in the example of Figure 1a. It is however clear to someone skilled in the art that the invention is not restricted to the three energy production alternatives shown in Figure 1a.
  • Heat and electric energy can be generated simultaneously with a wood gas generator 11 or alternatively with a gas turbine.
  • a wood gas generator 11 it is advantageous to use wood chips or the like as an energy source, which wood chips are gasified, and the generated gas is used as fuel in the wood gas motor.
  • the wood gas motor rotates the actual electricity-producing generator, the electric energy generated by which is supplied into the electric network 1 of the CHP plant. Heat energy is also generated in the wood gas generator 11 in connection with the process, which heat energy can be utilised for warming up apartments.
  • the heat energy generated in the combustion process can advantageously be used to warm up the apartments and the service water of the island.
  • Possible unused heat energy generated in the combustion process can be stored for example in a boiler proportioned to the size of the island.
  • the wood gas generator 11 has a power of about 25 kW. It generated three-phase alternating current, the main voltage of which is advantageously 400 V.
  • the power and production ratio of electricity and heat of the wood gas generator 11 is controlled by a measuring and control unit 10 via a two-way connection 3.
  • the alternating current produced by the wood gas generator 11 is advantageously rectified with a rectifier 21.
  • the output of the rectifier 21 is connected to a shared direct voltage point 30 of the CHP plant.
  • the voltage of the direct voltage point 30 of the CHP plant is advantageously 400- 800 volts.
  • the direct voltage point 30 has a voltage of 730 volts.
  • a wind generator 12 is shown as a parallel or alternative means for producing electric energy.
  • the power of the wind generator may advantageously be about 26 kW.
  • the operation of the wind generator 12 is controlled by a measuring and control unit 10 via a connection 3. Because the operation of the wind generator 12 is dependent on the force of the wind, it is advantageous to use some other energy production means alongside it, for example a wood gas generator 11.
  • the wind generator 12 also generates three-phase alternating current, the main voltage of which is advantageously 400 V.
  • the alternating current generated by the wind generator is rectified with a rectifier 22.
  • the outlet of the rectifier 22 is also connected to a shared direct voltage point 30 of the CHP plant.
  • an aggregate 13 functions as a reserve power machine of the CHP plant. Rapeseed oil or diesel is advantageously utilised as fuel for the aggregate 13. In the above-described CHP plant with ten apartments the capacity of the aggregate may advantageously be about 100 kW. Thus it can in all situations alone produce all the electric energy used in the CHP plant.
  • the operation of the aggregate 13 is controlled by a measuring and control unit 10 via a connection 3.
  • the main voltage of the three-phase current obtained from the aggregate 13 is in the example in Figure 1 also 400 V AC. Also the alternating current generated by the aggregate 13 is rectified with a rectifier 23. The direct voltage output of the rectifier 23 is connected to a shared direct voltage point 30 of the CHP plant. The aggregate 13 is arranged to be connected as a producer of electricity only in a situation, where no electric energy is available from any other source of electric energy.
  • the utilised accumulators 34 are all accumulators of electric cars.
  • the terminal voltage of the accumulators 34 of the electric cars is 400 V direct voltage.
  • the CHP plant comprises, in addition to the accumulators 34 of the electric cars, also a fixed accumulator 31.
  • the terminal voltage of the fixed accumulator 31 may also advantageously be 400 V direct voltage.
  • the electric energy can be transferred in two directions; either from the direct voltage point 30 to the accumulators 31 and 34 or from the accumulators to the direct voltage point 30.
  • the transfer direction of the electricity is controlled by the measuring and control unit 10 by using direction switches 33 and 36 via a connection 5.
  • the charging level of the accumulators 31 and 34 is monitored by the measuring and control unit 10 via a connection 4.
  • direct voltage converters 32 and 35 which adapt the terminal voltages of the accumulators 31 and 34 and the direct voltage point 30 of the CHP plant to each other.
  • the accumulators 31 and 34 are charged or discharged depends on the charging level of the accumulators and on whether all the electric energy generated in the CHP plant is consumed in the electric network 1 or not. If more electricity is generated in the CHP plant than what is consumed, then the surplus electricity can be used to charge the accumulators 34 and/or 31. Such a situation is likely at night. The accumulators 34 and 31 are discharged when less electric energy is generated than what is consumed in the electric network 1 of the CHP plant. This is likely in the morning and afternoon, when people perform household tasks at the same time.
  • the measuring and control unit 10 monitors the voltage of the direct voltage point 30 via a connection 6.
  • the measuring and control unit 10 compares the voltage of the direct voltage point 30 to the voltage which prevails in a situation, where the electricity generation and the electricity consumption are in balance. When more electric energy is produced in the CHP plant than what is used, the voltage in the direct voltage point 30 increases. On the other hand if more electricity is consumed than what is generated, then the voltage in the direct voltage point 30 decreases. Based on the change in the direct voltage point 30 the measuring and control unit 10 can control the direction switches 33 and 36 so that in a case of overproduction of electricity the accumulators 31 and 34 are charged and in a case of underproduction of electricity the accumulators 31 and 34 are discharged into the electric network 1.
  • the state of the electric energy balance is indicated by the magnitude of the voltage of the direct voltage point 30, when it is compared to the direct voltage prevailing when the electric energy is in balance.
  • the measurement and control unit 10 advantageously turns on electric energy restriction measures in the electric network 1.
  • the users are either informed about a restriction need or secondary electricity applications are automatically disconnected from the electric network 1.
  • the direction switches 36 and 33 are advantageously a part of the rectifiers 35 and 32. This embodiment is shown with the rectangles according to references 35a and 32a in Figure 1a.
  • an operational voltage has been set in the rectifier 35 and 32, the crossover of which voltage automatically causes a turn in the direction of the current toward the lower potential.
  • the voltage in the direct voltage point 30 decreases, the voltage in the accumulators/rectifiers 34 and 31 is higher, and thus the direction of the electric current turns from the accumulators 31 and 34 to the direct voltage point 30. In this situation the accumulators 34 and 31 are discharged. If, on the other hand, the voltage on the direct voltage point 30 is higher than the voltage of the accumulators 31 and 34, then the direction of the electric current turns from the direct voltage point 30 toward the accumulators 31 and 34.
  • the measuring and control unit 10 can advantageously monitor the direction of the electric current between the accumulators 31 and 34 and the direct voltage point 30, but it does not actually control the transfer direction of the current.
  • Alternating current for the customers of the CHP plant is generated with a three- phase inverter 20, with which the 730 V direct voltage in the direct voltage point 30 in the CHP plant is converted into three-phase alternating voltage suitable for the users, the main voltage of which is 400 V and which is supplied to the electric network 1 utilised by the users.
  • the accumulators 34 and 31 can continuously be used in the direct voltage system. Nowhere in the accumulator utilising stage is it necessary to convert the direct current supplied by the accumulators into alternating current or vice versa.
  • Such an energy production and distribution system of the CHP plant is structurally simple. Additionally, because the direct current does not need to be converted into alternating current or vice versa during charging and discharging of the accumulators, the conversion losses can also be minimised.
  • Figure 1 b shows an example of the means 100 according to a second embodiment of the invention related to the production and distribution of electric energy in a plant producing electric and heat energy, a CHP plant.
  • the example in Figure 1 b differs from the embodiment on Figure 1a in that there are no direct voltage converters or direction switches between the accumulators 31 and 34 and the direct voltage point 30.
  • the direct voltage point 30 of the CHP plant "floats" at a direct voltage optimized for the accumulator 34 of the electric car.
  • the accumulators 34 and 31 are charged when the voltage in the direct voltage point 30 rises, and the accumulators 31 and 34 are discharged when the voltage in the direct voltage point 30 decreases.
  • the' charging profile of the accumulators 31 and 34 is only adjusted by the difference between the electricity generation and the electricity consumption.
  • Such an embodiment has the technical advantage that there are fewer components causing electric losses.
  • FIG. 2 shows as an exemplary flow chart the main stages of a method utilised in the management of the electric energy balance in a CHP plant according to the invention.
  • the CHP plant is started up in stage 41.
  • At least the wood gas generator 11 is thus advantageously started, which generator can be used to produce both electric and heat energy.
  • stage 42 the on- and off-switching of the energy generation means can be performed.
  • the power of the energy production means producing electric energy can also be adjusted there.
  • stage 43 the voltage of the direct voltage point 30 of the CHP plant is measured, which voltage indicates the ratio between production and consumption of electricity.
  • stage 44 a comparison is made on the state of the electric energy balance of the CHP plant; is more electricity generated than what is consumed or vice versa.
  • the ratio between the electricity generation and consumption is advantageously measured by comparing the voltage of the direct voltage point 30 to a preset comparison voltage level.
  • the comparison voltage level prevails in the direct voltage point 30 of the CHP plant when the electricity generation is as large as the electricity use. If the voltage of the direct voltage point 30 is higher than the set comparison voltage level, then more electricity is generated than what is consumed. If, on the other hand, the voltage of the direct voltage point 30 is lower than the set comparison voltage level, then more electricity is consumed than what is generated.
  • stage 46 If more electricity is generated than what is consumed, the process moves to stage 46, where surplus electric energy is used to charge the accumulators 34 of electric cars connected to the CHP plant. It is additionally also possible to charge fixed accumulators 31 , if such are a part of the CHP plant.
  • Stage 47 consists of measuring if the accumulators are already fully charged or not. If the charging of the accumulators can be started or it can be continued still, the process returns to stage 43. In this situation the measuring and control unit 10 switches the transfer direction of electricity from the shared direct voltage point 30 of the CHP plant to the accumulators 34 and 31.
  • stage 47 If it is in stage 47 found that the accumulators are already fully charged, the process returns to stage 41 (reference 47a). In this situation the measuring and control unit 10 opens up the direction switch(es) 36 and/or 33 between the shared direct voltage point 30 of the CHP plant and the accumulators 34 and 31. In such a situation the power of the energy production device producing electricity can advantageously be decreased.
  • the electric network comprised in the CHP plant is in this situation supplied only from the accumulators 31 and/or 34 as long as their charging levels allow it.
  • the produced surplus electric energy can be used to either warm up water or pre-dry fuel for the wood gas generator 11.
  • stage 45 consists of checking if the missing electric energy can be taken from the accumulators 34 and/or 31 or not. If the charging level of the accumulators enables the supply of electric energy to the consumer electric network 1 , then the discharge of the accumulators to the electric network 1 is begun (reference 45a). The measuring and control unit 10 thus switches the transfer direction of electricity from the accumulators 34 and 31 to the shared direct voltage point 30 of the CHP plant by using the direction switches 36 and/or 33.
  • stage 45 If it is in stage 45 found that the charging level of the accumulators 34 and/or 31 does not allow for their discharge, then the process returns to stage 42 (reference 45b), where the measuring and control unit 10 cuts off the transfer of electricity from the accumulators 34 and/or 31 to the shared direct voltage point 30 of the CHP plant by opening the direction switch(es) 36 and/or 33.
  • the measuring and control unit 10 advantageously turns on electric energy restriction measures in the electric network 1.
  • the users are either informed about a restriction need or secondary electricity applications are automatically disconnected from the electric network 1.
  • the CHP plant in this situation takes an amount of energy from the national electric network, which is the size of the shortage in the own production, until the energy production and consumption of the CHP plant are again balanced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une centrale électrocalogène (100) qui utilise des accumulateurs (34) de voitures électriques en tant que moyen de stockage d'énergie électrique. A l'intérieur de la centrale électrocalogène, tous les moyens de génération d'énergie électrique (11, 12, 13) et les accumulateurs (34) des voitures électriques sont connectés conjointement dans un point à tension continue (30) de la centrale électrocalogène. Suivant l'équilibre d'énergie électrique de la centrale électrocalogène, de l'électricité est transférée du point à tension continue (30) aux accumulateurs (34) des voitures électriques ou des accumulateurs (34) des voitures électriques au point à tension continue (30). La tension continue dans le point à tension continue (30) est convertie à l'aide d'un convertisseur (20) en courant alternatif, qui est fourni au réseau électrique (1) des consommateurs.
PCT/FI2011/050634 2010-07-12 2011-07-05 Centrale électrocalogène qui utilise des copeaux de bois et qui sert d'îlot WO2012007640A1 (fr)

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FI20105791A FI20105791A (fi) 2010-07-12 2010-07-12 Puuhaketta käyttävä, saarekkeena toimiva CHP-laitos
FI20105791 2010-07-12

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FI20105791A (fi) 2012-01-13

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