WO2012005712A1 - Appareil respiratoire avec des mélanges gazeux hypoxiques - Google Patents

Appareil respiratoire avec des mélanges gazeux hypoxiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012005712A1
WO2012005712A1 PCT/UA2010/000071 UA2010000071W WO2012005712A1 WO 2012005712 A1 WO2012005712 A1 WO 2012005712A1 UA 2010000071 W UA2010000071 W UA 2010000071W WO 2012005712 A1 WO2012005712 A1 WO 2012005712A1
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Prior art keywords
controllable
sensor
valve
respiratory
aliquots
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PCT/UA2010/000071
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English (en)
Inventor
Tatiana Serebrovskaya
Viktor Lopata
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Iht International Limited
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Priority to NZ604301A priority Critical patent/NZ604301A/en
Publication of WO2012005712A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012005712A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0045—Means for re-breathing exhaled gases, e.g. for hyperventilation treatment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0057—Pumps therefor
    • A61M16/0066—Blowers or centrifugal pumps
    • A61M16/0069—Blowers or centrifugal pumps the speed thereof being controlled by respiratory parameters, e.g. by inhalation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/021—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes operated by electrical means
    • A61M16/022—Control means therefor
    • A61M16/024—Control means therefor including calculation means, e.g. using a processor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/08—Bellows; Connecting tubes ; Water traps; Patient circuits
    • A61M16/0816—Joints or connectors
    • A61M16/0833—T- or Y-type connectors, e.g. Y-piece
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/22—Carbon dioxide-absorbing devices ; Other means for removing carbon dioxide
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/50—General characteristics of the apparatus with microprocessors or computers
    • A61M2205/502—User interfaces, e.g. screens or keyboards
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2230/00—Measuring parameters of the user
    • A61M2230/04—Heartbeat characteristics, e.g. ECG, blood pressure modulation
    • A61M2230/06—Heartbeat rate only
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2230/00—Measuring parameters of the user
    • A61M2230/20—Blood composition characteristics
    • A61M2230/205—Blood composition characteristics partial oxygen pressure (P-O2)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2230/00—Measuring parameters of the user
    • A61M2230/40—Respiratory characteristics
    • A61M2230/43—Composition of exhalation
    • A61M2230/432—Composition of exhalation partial CO2 pressure (P-CO2)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2230/00—Measuring parameters of the user
    • A61M2230/40—Respiratory characteristics
    • A61M2230/43—Composition of exhalation
    • A61M2230/435—Composition of exhalation partial O2 pressure (P-O2)

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a structure of apparatuses meant for breathing with hypoxic gaseous mixtures based on atmospheric air, in which content of oxygen 0 2 decreases usually during any respiratory session.
  • apparatuses can use:
  • cardiovascular system in particular, arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease etc.
  • nervous system e.g., Parkinson's disease
  • gaseous mixture designates hereinafter initial atmospheric air, any hypoxic gaseous mixtures of variable composition, which are automatically formed during rebreathing in any respiratory session, and any hypoxic gaseous mixtures, in which reduced by rebreathing content of oxygen is maintained artificially up to required level.
  • hypoxic gaseous mixtures for diagnostics and training of human hypoxic tolerance or for scientific research of the effects of oxygen deficiency on an organism is well known. Many such great researches have been fulfilled with participation of one of the inventors. This proved by incomplete list of published works, namely:
  • Serebrovskaya T.V. Serebrovskaya Z.A., Afonina G. Effect of intermittent hypoxic training on human respiration, free radical processes and immune system // In: G.Ueda et al. (eds) High Altitude Medicine, Matsumoto, Shinshu University Press, 1992, pp.77-82; 3. T. Serebrovskaya, I. Karaban, I. Mankovskaya, L. Bernardi, C. Passino, 0. Appenzeller. Hypoxic ventilatory responses and gas exchange in patients with Parkinson's disease // Respiration, 1998; 65(1 ); pp.28-33;
  • a removable attachment to the said generator e.g., a mask that is tightly adjacent, in operative position, to the user's face and isolates his (or her) nose and mouth from atmosphere, or - in the simplest case - a mouthpiece and a nasal clamp
  • a removable attachment to the said generator e.g., a mask that is tightly adjacent, in operative position, to the user's face and isolates his (or her) nose and mouth from atmosphere, or - in the simplest case - a mouthpiece and a nasal clamp
  • a biofeedback control system which includes at least:
  • At least one sensor of a monitored physiological parameter indicating user's state under hypoxia e.g., a photometric oxymeter placed, in operative position, on a finger or on an auricle
  • Monitored physiological parameter can be selected from group consisting of saturation of arterial blood with oxygen (further Sa0 2 ), cardiac rhythm, arterial pressure, electrocardiogram (further ECG), minute cardiac output, content of carbon dioxide in expired gaseous mixture, respiratory rate, pulmonary gas exchange, and arbitrary combinations of at least two said parameters.
  • RU 2110286 and RU 2139739 disclose IHT-methods for therapeutic treatment of cardiovascular diseases using the apparatus « ⁇ TM» of the firm «Hypoxia Medical Ltd».
  • physiological parameters such as haemodynamics and hemostasis characteristics (in particular, thromboxane and prostacyclin concentrations), ⁇ - endorphins level in blood, characteristics of oxidants' balance etc., are measured against clinical presentation before first IHT-session and, as a rule, after each regular IHT-session.
  • EP 1721629 and US Pat. Pub. No.2006/0185669 A1 disclose such based on air permeators apparatuses for breathing with hypoxic gaseous mixtures, in which IHT-control units are equipped with oxymeters only whereas other parameters are just listed.
  • apparatuses which may prepare hypoxic gaseous mixtures by rebreathing, are preferable with the view of diagnosing, training and treatment (see, for example, SU 1335294, SU 1456161 , and SU 1607817).
  • Each such apparatus has a respiratory reservoir, in which must be introduced a predetermined batch of atmospheric air at the beginning of each diagnostic, training or therapeutic session. As the user connected to this reservoir inspires from it and expires into it, the progressively depleted with oxygen gaseous mixtures arise within said reservoir.
  • This mixture is purified from excess of carbon dioxide (and, incidentally, from water vapor), and residual oxygen content is measured in it at least periodically during each session.
  • Any training or treatment session interrupts either at the user's call or owing to the decision of an attendant observing the user's state, or automatically when the critical value of at least one of preliminary selected monitored physiological parameters has achieved.
  • hypoxic gaseous mixture At the beginning of training or treatment in rebreathing mode minimal residual oxygen content in prepared during each respiratory session hypoxic gaseous mixture must be predetermined. When such minimum has achieved, it may maintain by injections of small doses of fresh atmospheric air into the respiratory reservoir (see, for instant, US Pat. Pub. No..2006/0130839 A1 ).
  • an expansible respiratory reservoir which is rigidly connected with said frame on the one part and is placed on said support ways by means of a carriage on the other part,
  • a compressor connected to the said reservoir for injection of initial portion of atmospheric air and, as necessary, for its pumping during session,
  • an inspiration line which connects said respiratory reservoir with said removable attachment and is equipped with a controllable three-way cock having open in atmosphere offtake, a sensor of oxygen content in the inspired gaseous mixture, and a forcing air blower, that serves as a controllable inspiration valve and as homogenizer of said inspired gaseous mixture,
  • an expiration line which connects said removable attachment to the said reservoir and is equipped with a controllable expiration valve, a suction air blower and an absorber of carbon dioxide, a spirometer based on a rheostat converter of linear displacements of the respiratory reservoir along said support ways into electrical signals corresponding to the volumes of expired gaseous mixtures, a set of sensors signaling about gates' positions of said controllable valves and about states «on/off» of actuators of said compressor and said air blowers, and
  • a control unit based on programmable microprocessor. Its inputs connected with said sensor of oxygen content, said spirometer, said sensors signaling about gates' positions of said controllable valves and about states «on/off» of actuators of said compressor and said air blowers. Accordingly, its outputs connected with respective actuators of said controllable valves, said compressor and said air blowers. It is clear for each person skilled in the art, that this microprocessor provides also time reading and measurement of respiratory rate.
  • This apparatus is suitable in principle both for IHT and for estimation of individual human tolerance to hypoxia. It is practically safe in service (in particular, because said air blowers decrease load on user's respiratory system) and provides estimation of critical parameters of user's state such as respiratory minute volume (further V E ) and minute oxygen consumption (further V0 2 ).
  • rheostat spirometer provides practically adequate measurement of the V E at any step of diagnostic, training or therapeutic respiratory session.
  • sensitivity and dynamic behavior of usual and, especially, differential sensors of content of any gas in any gaseous mixtures are low. Therefore, estimation of V0 2 by serial measurement of oxygen content within all volume of the respiratory reservoir after each expiration yields to the worse results, the less oxygen remains in expired by user hypoxic gaseous mixture.
  • This disadvantage causes substantial decrease of accuracy of estimation of individual human tolerance to hypoxia and efficiency of maintenance of predetermined oxygen content during training or therapeutic sessions of breathing with hypoxic gaseous mixtures.
  • the invention based on the problem to create - by improvement of structure - such apparatus for breathing with hypoxic gaseous mixtures that may substantially increase accuracy of estimation of human tolerance to hypoxia and efficiency of oxygen content regulation in said mixtures during diagnosing, training or treatment of each individual user.
  • an apparatus for breathing with hypoxic gaseous mixtures comprises of:
  • a respiratory reservoir that is equipped with a nonreturn inspiration valve, first sensor of oxygen content and an absorber of carbon dioxide and water vapor;
  • a compressor that is equipped with a controllable switch of its actuator and is connected via a controllable puffing valve to the respiratory reservoir for pumping in it an initial batch of atmospheric air and, as necessary, for its additional pumping during a respiratory session;
  • a chamber of sampling and accumulation of aliquots of expired gaseous mixtures which is suitable for multiple filling and emptying during any respiratory session and is equipped with second sensor of oxygen content, a controllable valve adjusting a number of aliquots sampling for measurement of minute oxygen consumption, and a controllable ejector for emptying of said chamber before each measurement;
  • piping accessories which comprise of:
  • an inspiration line comprising a controllable centre valve having four branch pipe, one of which meant for connection with atmosphere, and first flowmeter measuring inspiratory rate of gaseous mixture; this line connects said respiratory reservoir with said removable attachment via said inspiration valve, said centre valve and said first flowmeter,
  • a main expiration line that is equipped with first air blower and connects said removable attachment with said respiratory reservoir via idle during expiration said first flowmeter, said centre valve, one of said tee fitting's outputs, said first air blower and said absorber,
  • an additional expiration line that is equipped with second flowmeter measuring volume of aliquots sampling from expired gaseous mixtures and second air blower, and that connects said removable attachment with said chamber of sampling and accumulation of said aliquots via idle during expiration said first flowmeter, said centre valve, second outlet of said tee fitting, said second flowmeter, said second air blower and said controllable valve adjusting a number of said aliquots;
  • a supplementary sensor complex that includes a set of sensors signaling about the gates' positions of all said controllable valves and a set of sensors signaling about the state «on/off» of said compressor, said air blowers and said ejector,
  • a program control unit in which all above-mentioned sensors and flowmeters are connected to its respective inputs, and in which actuators of all said controllable valves, said compressor, said air blowers and said ejector are connected to its respective outputs.
  • First additional feature consists in that said chamber of sampling and accumulation of aliquots is additionally equipped with a sensor of carbon dioxide content.
  • Detection of alteration of carbon dioxide content (and, optionally, a current value of relationship of contents of oxygen and carbon dioxide) in expired gaseous mixtures allows to improve additionally training or treatment by proposed apparatus (in particular, because of timely diagnosis of hypocapnia or hypercapnia).
  • Second additional feature consists in that the PCU made on basis of a suitable programmable microprocessor and has:
  • a data collection bus wherein at least said first and second sensors of oxygen content, said sensor of carbon dioxide content, said first and second flowmeters and all sensors included in said supplementary sensor complex are independently connected to its respective inputs;
  • a setter unit that includes a set of setters of specified values of controllable parameters and initial gates' positions of all said controllable valves;
  • a comparator unit that includes a set of comparators, to the inputs of which are pairwise connected respective outputs of said data collection bus and outputs of said setter unit;
  • Such apparatus can serve as a portable device meant preferably for diagnostic observation.
  • Third additional feature consists in that the PCU made on basis of a suitable personal computer equipped at least with a display and a printer and has:
  • a data collection bus wherein said first and second sensors of oxygen content, said sensor of carbon dioxide content, said first and second flowmeters, all sensors included in said supplementary sensor complex and, additionally, a set of sensors of physiological parameters selected from group consisting of a sensor of cardiac rhythm, a sensor of arterial pressure, a sensor of respiratory minute volume, a electrocardiograph, a sensor of saturation of arterial blood with oxygen and their combinations are independently connected to its respective inputs;
  • a setter unit that includes a set of setters of specified values of controllable parameters and initial gates' positions of all said controllable valves;
  • a comparator unit that includes a set of comparators, to the inputs of which are pairwise connected respective outputs of said data collection bus and outputs of said setter unit;
  • Such apparatus can serve as a stationary device meant for multipurpose use (viz for diagnostics of tolerance to hypoxia, IHT, therapeutic treatment and scientific researches).
  • Apparatus for breathing with hypoxic gaseous mixtures has:
  • a respiratory reservoir 2 that is usually made as an adjustable by volume elastic polymeric casing or a silphon and is equipped with nonreturn inspiration valve 3, first sensor 4 of oxygen content, an absorber 5 of carbon dioxide and water vapor and not designated especially a blow-off valve meant for purging of said reservoir 2 before its filling by successive initial batch of atmospheric air (this valve is symbolically shown as two parallel segments having diamond-shaped ends);
  • an oil-free compressor 6 that is equipped with not shown especially controllable switch of its actuator and is connected via controllable puffing valve 7 to the respiratory reservoir 2 for pumping in it an each successive initial batch of atmospheric air and, as necessary, for its additional pumping during a respiratory session;
  • a chamber 8 of sampling and accumulation of aliquots of expired gaseous mixtures which is usually made as rigid metal or polymeric vessel having capacity from about 0.5 liter to about 2.0 liter, and which is equipped with second sensor 9 of oxygen content, a controllable valve 10 adjusting a number of aliquots sampling for measurement of minute oxygen consumption in each series and controllable ejector 11 for emptying of said chamber 8 before each measurement;
  • a mask or an other suitable removable attachment 12 for connection of a user to the respiratory reservoir 2 and to the chamber 8 of sampling and accumulation of said aliquots.
  • piping accessories Said parts linked pneumatically by means of piping accessories designated on the structure chart by solid parallel lines. These piping accessories include:
  • an inspiration line comprising a controllable centre valve 13 having four branch pipe, one of which meant for connection with atmosphere, and first flowmeter 14 measuring inspiratory rate of gaseous mixture; this line connects said respiratory reservoir 2 with said removable attachment 12 via said inspiration valve 3, said centre valve 13 and said first flowmeter 14;
  • a main expiration line that is equipped with first air blower 16 and connects the removable attachment 12 with the respiratory reservoir 2 via idle during expiration said first flowmeter 14, said centre valve 13, one of the tee fitting's 15 outputs, said first air blower 16 and the absorber 5, and an additional expiration line equipped with second flowmeter 17 measuring volume of aliquots sampling from expired gaseous mixtures and second air blower 18.
  • This line connects the removable attachment 12 with the chamber 8 of sampling and accumulation of said aliquots via idle during expiration first flowmeter 14, the centre valve 13, the tee fitting's 15 second outlet, second flowmeter 17, second air blower 18 and the controllable valve 10 adjusting a number of said aliquots.
  • the proposed apparatus equipped with a supplementary sensor complex. It includes a set of sensors signaling about the gates' positions of the controllable valves 7 and 10, and a set of sensors signaling about the actuators' state «on/off» of the compressor 6, the ejector 11 and both controllable air blowers 16 and 18.
  • a supplementary sensor complex includes a set of sensors signaling about the gates' positions of the controllable valves 7 and 10, and a set of sensors signaling about the actuators' state «on/off» of the compressor 6, the ejector 11 and both controllable air blowers 16 and 18.
  • Any apparatus according to the invention has a programmed control unit (PCU) 20. Accordingly, all above-mentioned sensors and both flowmeters 14 and 17 must be connected to the respective inputs of said PCU 20, and mentioned actuators of said controllable valves 7 and 10, said compressor 6, said controllable air blowers 16 and 18 and said ejector 11 must be connected to the respective outputs of said PCU 20.
  • PCU programmed control unit
  • the PCU 20 is based usually on a suitable programmable microprocessor.
  • Such PCU 20 comprises of:
  • a data collection bus 21 to the respective inputs of which at least said first 4 and second 9 sensors of oxygen content respectively in inspired and expired gaseous mixtures, first 14 and second 17 flowmeters, said sensor 19 of carbon dioxide content in expired gaseous mixtures and all sensors of the above mentioned supplementary sensor complex are independently connected;
  • a setter unit 22 that includes a set of setters of specified values of controllable parameters and initial gates' positions of said controllable valves 7 and 10;
  • a comparator unit 23 that includes a set of comparators, to the inputs of which are pairwise connected respective outputs of said data collection bus 21 and outputs of said setter unit 22, and an unit 24 of calculation and commutation of control commands, wherein the inputs are connected to the outputs of said comparator unit 23, and the outputs are connected to the switches of actuators of said controllable valves 7 and 10, said compressor 6, said air blowers 16 and 18 and said ejector 11.
  • the PCU 20 is based on a personal computer (further PC) 25 equipped with at least two peripheral devices, such as: a display 26 meant for monitoring of user's current state during any respiratory session or for viewing of antecedent records, and a printer 27 meant for printout of reports and/or other documents.
  • a display 26 meant for monitoring of user's current state during any respiratory session or for viewing of antecedent records
  • a printer 27 meant for printout of reports and/or other documents.
  • Such PCU 20 comprises along with above-mentioned sensors additional set of sensors of physiological parameters selected, in particular, from group consisting of:
  • a sensor 28 of cardiac rhythm (further HR)
  • a sensor 29 of arterial pressure (further AP)
  • a sensor 30 of respiratory minute volume i.e. V E/ .
  • an electrocardiograph 31 that generates electrocardiograms denoted further ECG
  • a sensor 32 of saturation of arterial blood with oxygen i.e. Sa0 2
  • vacuometer 34 for measurement of residual pressure within the chamber 8 before the beginning of each regular series of sampling of the expired gaseous mixtures' aliquots
  • a flow-dividing valve e.g., an additional controllable three-way cock
  • this valve can be used at prior measurement of minute oxygen consumption, when a user respires with atmospheric air only and each expired slightly hypoxic gaseous mixture must be divided into a removed into atmosphere part and an aliquot
  • any user must be examined previously for the purpose of measurement of at least some physiological parameters (e.g., Sa0 2 and HR at rest and after moderate physical load, AP, electrocardiogram, V E , lung capacity and tidal volume etc.). Obtained data must be recorded in the individual registration card or in the patient's history, but preferably must be stored in long-term storage of the PC 25.
  • physiological parameters e.g., Sa0 2 and HR at rest and after moderate physical load, AP, electrocardiogram, V E , lung capacity and tidal volume etc.
  • Data obtained at user's examination must use for prior determination - of the respiratory reservoir's 2 capacity (i.e. of the volume of initial batch of atmospheric air that is selected usually in the range from 5 to 12 liters, and preferably from 8 to 10 liters), and
  • hypoxic gaseous mixture of minimal permissible value of oxygen content in hypoxic gaseous mixture, which will be achieved during rebreathing with the selected initial batch of atmospheric air.
  • This value measured in volume percent must be usually no less than 1Q% oxygen for patients or volunteers-participants of scientific researches, no less than 8% for healthy person, work of which is incidental with a risk of hypoxia, and on rare occasions, e.g. for mountaineers or and deep water divers, no less than 7%.
  • Predetermined minimal value of oxygen content and specified values of other monitored physiological parameters must be entered into the setter unit 22. ⁇ Ad notam. Approximate values of such parameters commonly known for physicians and may be easy adjust for each individual user taking into consideration his (her) sex, age, profession and previous diseases.]
  • the compressor 6 pumps specified initial batch of atmospheric air into the respiratory reservoir 2 via the puffing valve 7, first air blower 16 is off, and the gate of said centre valve 13 is set in position, in which said attachment 12 is in communication with atmosphere and with the additional expiration line.
  • the ejector 11 exhausts air or earlier accumulated aliquots of expired hypoxic gaseous mixtures from the chamber 8 (usually up to residual pressure in the range from 2 to 3 kPa, but preferably about 2.5 kPa), and
  • controllable valve 10 must be preadjust in order to predetermine a number of aliquots sampling for measurement of minute oxygen consumption in first series (usually no more than 10).
  • the user connects himself (or with the aid of an attendant) to the removable attachment 12 and to the sensors of selected physiological parameters (in particular, HR, AP, V E , electrocardiograph and Sa0 2 shown on the structure chart).
  • selected physiological parameters in particular, HR, AP, V E , electrocardiograph and Sa0 2 shown on the structure chart.
  • the proposed apparatus may operate optionally in diagnostics mode, in IHT mode, and in therapeutic treatment mode.
  • First variant carries out at the beginning of initial user's examination. It provides measurement of minute oxygen consumption at inspiration of only atmospheric air via open in the atmosphere the centre valve 13.
  • each expiratory volume of slightly hypoxic gaseous mixture passes only into the additional expiration line.
  • said expiratory volume introduces by second air blower 18 into the chamber 8 in toto, or divides, in case of need, into a part removed in atmosphere and an aliquot blowed into the chamber 8.
  • the controllable valve 10 cuts off the chamber 8 from the additional expiration line, and the second sensor 9 of oxygen content sends respective signal on the data collection bus 21. Further, the PCU 20 calculates the user's minute oxygen consumption,, stores obtained value at least in its RAM and generates triggering command, according to which the ejector 11 empties the chamber 8 for following sampling and accumulation of expired hypoxic gaseous mixtures' aliquots.
  • Second variant of operation in diagnostics mode carries out either as basic diagnostic observation for purpose of objective estimation of individual human tolerance to hypoxia, or as a repeated stage of IHT-session for purpose of objective estimation of variations of said tolerance during rebreathing. It is clear that is necessary to use the respiratory reservoir 2 in these processes.
  • the gate of the centre valve 13 must be moved in position, in which the user is simultaneously connected by the removable attachment 12 to the above described inspiration line and to the both above described expiration lines, while said attachment 12 is disconnected from atmosphere.
  • the tee fitting 15 divides each volume of expired hypoxic gaseous mixture into - the most part, which is blowed by first air blower 16 via the absorber 5 of carbon dioxide and water vapor back into the respiratory reservoir 2, and
  • the aliquot (usually about 0.1 of expiratory volume), which is firstly passed via second flowmeter 17 measuring real volume of said aliquot , and then is blowed by second air blower 18 via the controllable valve 10 into the chamber 8.
  • Stability of volume of the sampling aliquots keeps the PCU 20 by regulation of operation of the air blowers 16 and 18.
  • the controllable valve 10 cuts off the chamber 8 from additional expiration line, and second sensor 9 of oxygen content and the sensor 19 of carbon dioxide content send respective signals on the data collection bus 21. Further, the PCU 20 calculates the minute oxygen consumption, stores obtained value in its RAM and long-term storage and generates triggering command, according to which the ejector 11 empties the chamber 8 for following sampling and accumulation of expired hypoxic gaseous mixtures' aliquots.
  • the PCU 20 calculates content of carbon dioxide, evaluates hypocapnia or hypercapnia (and, optionally, yields current value of relationship of contents of oxygen and carbon dioxide), and signals to the attendant and stores obtained data in its RAM and long-term storage.
  • Training or therapeutic sessions of IHT using the proposed apparatus may be carrying out according to the procedures, concepts of which and techniques of their adaptation to individual users are known for the persons skilled in the art. It is understandable that minimally acceptable content of oxygen within the respiratory reservoir 2 must has specified on basis of prior diagnostic data at the beginning of each such IHT-session.
  • Characteristic distinctions of IHT using the proposed apparatus consist in that - variations of oxygen content in the expired gaseous mixtures verify, as described above, at least twice during each IHT-session (in particular, in the middle and at the end of it),
  • a real minute oxygen consumption and a real content of carbon dioxide in the expired hypoxic gaseous mixtures measure together at least at the end of each IHT-session
  • the proposed apparatus is suitable for serial production using publicly available components.
  • It can use as means of estimation of individual human tolerance to hypoxia, and as means for outpatient or clinical treatment of various noninfectious diseases, for training of people to work in hypoxic environment and for scientific physiological and medical investigations.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un appareil pour respirer avec des mélanges gazeux hypoxiques qui comprend : un cadre de support ; un réservoir respiratoire équipé d'une valve d'aspiration, un premier capteur de teneur en oxygène et un absorbeur de CO2 et de H2O ; un compresseur contrôlable raccordé par l'intermédiaire d'une valve d'aspiration au réservoir respiratoire ; une chambre d'échantillonnage et d'accumulation d'aliquotes de mélanges gazeux expirés équipés d'un deuxième capteur de teneur en oxygène, une valve d'ajustement contrôlable et un éjecteur contrôlable ; une fixation d'utilisateur ; une voie d'inspiration comprenant une valve centrale contrôlable et un premier débitmètre inspiratoire ; un raccord en T ; une voie d'expiration principale qui est équipée d'un premier insufflateur d'air et raccorde ladite fixation audit réservoir ; une voie d'expiration additionnelle qui est équipée d'un deuxième débitmètre mesurant le volume d'aliquotes d'échantillonnage et d'un deuxième insufflateur d'air et raccorde ladite fixation à ladite chambre ; une unité de complexe de capteur supplémentaire et de programme de commande. Cet appareil augmente la précision de l'estimation de la consommation instantanée d'oxygène et, en conséquence, l'efficacité de la régulation de la respiration avec des mélanges gazeux hypoxiques.
PCT/UA2010/000071 2010-07-05 2010-10-07 Appareil respiratoire avec des mélanges gazeux hypoxiques WO2012005712A1 (fr)

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NZ604301A NZ604301A (en) 2010-07-05 2010-10-07 Apparatus for breathing with hypoxic gaseous mixtures

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022127597A1 (de) 2022-10-19 2024-04-25 Egor Egorov Vorrichtung und verfahren zur durchführung eines hypoxie-trainings
DE102023106966A1 (de) 2023-03-20 2024-09-26 Egor Egorov Vorrichtung und verfahren zur durchführung eines hypoxie-trainings

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RU2019199C1 (ru) * 1990-01-26 1994-09-15 Николай Алексеевич Поправкин Устройство для нормобарической гипокситерапии
WO1998034683A1 (fr) * 1997-02-08 1998-08-13 Hypoxico Inc. Appareil d'exercice et de traitement par hypoxie passive
US6009870A (en) * 1996-09-02 2000-01-04 Elena Valerievna Tkatchouk Apparatus for producing a gas mixture for hypoxia training
UA45082A (uk) * 2001-04-28 2002-03-15 Національний Технічний Університет України "Київський Політехнічний Інститут" Пристрій для дихання гіпоксичними сумішами "гіпотрон"
RU2365384C1 (ru) * 2008-02-08 2009-08-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ВНИИМИ" Устройство для проведения комплексной интервальной нормобарической гипоксическо-гипероксической тренировки человека

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2019199C1 (ru) * 1990-01-26 1994-09-15 Николай Алексеевич Поправкин Устройство для нормобарической гипокситерапии
US6009870A (en) * 1996-09-02 2000-01-04 Elena Valerievna Tkatchouk Apparatus for producing a gas mixture for hypoxia training
WO1998034683A1 (fr) * 1997-02-08 1998-08-13 Hypoxico Inc. Appareil d'exercice et de traitement par hypoxie passive
UA45082A (uk) * 2001-04-28 2002-03-15 Національний Технічний Університет України "Київський Політехнічний Інститут" Пристрій для дихання гіпоксичними сумішами "гіпотрон"
RU2365384C1 (ru) * 2008-02-08 2009-08-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ВНИИМИ" Устройство для проведения комплексной интервальной нормобарической гипоксическо-гипероксической тренировки человека

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022127597A1 (de) 2022-10-19 2024-04-25 Egor Egorov Vorrichtung und verfahren zur durchführung eines hypoxie-trainings
WO2024083984A1 (fr) 2022-10-19 2024-04-25 Egorov Egor Dispositif pour réaliser un entraînement en hypoxie
DE102023106966A1 (de) 2023-03-20 2024-09-26 Egor Egorov Vorrichtung und verfahren zur durchführung eines hypoxie-trainings
WO2024194318A1 (fr) 2023-03-20 2024-09-26 Egorov Egor Dispositif et procédé de distribution d'un mélange gazeux

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