Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
  • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
  • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D13/00—Accessories for placing or removing piles or bulkheads, e.g. noise attenuating chambers
  • E02D13/04—Guide devices; Guide frames
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
  • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
  • E02D27/52—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
  • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
  • B63B1/10—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls
  • B63B1/12—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected rigidly
  • B63B1/121—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected rigidly comprising two hulls
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
  • B63B35/003—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for for transporting very large loads, e.g. offshore structure modules
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
  • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
  • E02B2017/0039—Methods for placing the offshore structure
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
  • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
  • E02B2017/0039—Methods for placing the offshore structure
  • E02B2017/0047—Methods for placing the offshore structure using a barge

Definitions

• This invention relates to improving the ease of installation of columnar members such as pile-type foundations in a sea, river or lake bed, (or any other location where a liquid of significant depth flows over a hard ground surface) and in particular (but not necessarily) in locations with strong currents.
• the preferred method for installing piles at sea is to drill from a jack-up barge which can jack itself up out of the water and stand on its legs on the sea bed using the weight of the jacked-up hull to provide a stable fixed platform from where drilling can take place, usually from a hydraulic pile gate which can hold a suitable conductor tube in place.
• jack-up barges capable of standing safely offshore with sufficient clearance for waves need to be relatively large and therefore they are expensive vessels and result in unacceptably high costs for many offshore or riverine applications.
• the legs of a jack-up barge are always cantilevers because they need to be able to be raised and retracted through orifices in the barge hull, so it is not possible to have cross-bracing or other strengthening measures below water.
• a temporary template structure for the erection of one or more columnar members in a ground surface beneath of a column of liquid, said template structure including an elongate leg member extending substantially perpendicularly from a base structure, and said leg member serves to support a platform arranged substantially parallelly to said base structure.
• a method comprising transporting a temporary template structure to a desired location in a body of liquid, the template structure including a base structure, an elongate leg member extending substantially perpendicularly from said base structure and a platform arranged substantially parallelly to said base structure, submerging the base structure to be supported proximal to a ground surface beneath said body of liquid and arranging the platform to be supported substantially above an upper surface of the column of liquid distal from the ground surface.
• a temporary template structure supported between the first and second hulls and including an elongate leg member extending substantially perpendicularly from a base structure, said base structure including a frame, and said leg member serves to support a platform arranged substantially parallelly to said base structure.
• a template structure for placement at a desired location in a body of water including a base structure for supporting an elongate tubular leg member of sufficient length to support a platform located substantially above the surface level of the body of water, wherein said platform serves to mount at least one drilling unit, said drill unit comprising a drill string for drilling a column- receiving hole in the ground surface below the body of water upon which the template structure is supported.
• a method of inserting one or more columns into a ground surface below a body of water comprising supporting by an elongate tubular leg member a template structure upon the ground surface at a desired location, said template structure comprising a submerged base structure and a platform located substantially above the surface level of the body of water, activating a drill unit mounted on said platform via an associated drill string so as to bore a column-receiving hole in the ground surface, and introducing a column into said hole through said elongate tubular leg member.
• a template structure can be provided for facilitating safe and reliable installation of columnar members in the ground surface, even under adverse conditions such as where there is the likelihood of strong currents or waves.
• the present invention provides a template structure which is designed to be temporarily self standing safely, even in strong currents or in water subject to a significant wave climate, wherein the template structure includes facilities to support the drilling of a hole or holes in the sea bed or riverbed, for the insertion of a pile or piles in preparation for a permanent structure to be subsequently installed on the site by attaching the permanent structure to the pre-installed pile or piles and wherein the template structure when the pile or piles are in place, is readily movable and re-used for further such drilling operations.
• the transportation and handling the structure is by way of a specialised catamaran barge vessel.
• the columnar members are in the form of piles which may be formed with the drill at the end thereof, and in such a case the pile can remain embedded in the drilled hole once sufficient penetration of the ground has been achieved by simply disconnecting the drill string, or else the drill together with the drill string maybe withdrawn through the vertical tubular elongate leg-like member or members and then a pile may be lowered into the hole through the vertical tubular elongate leg-like members using a crane or a winch.
• the template structure may be used for other purposes than placing piles, for example for geo-technical survey drilling, as a temporary mooring for vessels, or for any other purposes where a stable platform can be located at the surface of the sea, river or other bed below a body of possibly fast moving water (or other liquid) may be usefully applied.
• the template structure can be such that the arrangement of the vertical tubular elongate leg-like members (or a single member in some cases) enables a standard pattern of piles (or a single pile) to be inserted in holes drilled into the ground below the sea or other liquid and wherein the template structure may be lifted off the piles (or pile) after they (it) have been installed to leave them (it) ready for some useful structure (for example an offshore wind-turbine, a channel marker, a bridge pier or a tidal turbine) to be lowered and affixed to them (or it) later.
• some useful structure for example an offshore wind-turbine, a channel marker, a bridge pier or a tidal turbine
• the pile(s) can be subsequently grouted into the holes by providing a grouting system on the platform located above water or liquid level which can feed the grout through a hose or hoses deployed through the vertical tubular elongate leglike member or members and into suitable grout channels within the pile or piles.
• the template structure incorporates a relatively heavy base which can be ballasted with kentledge to make it heavy enough to stand safely even in locations with very strong currents.
• the structure is provided with leveling jacks between the footings and the main base structure such that after the template structure has been deposited on the ground or seabed it can be accurately leveled before the drilling process commences.
• the leveling jacks may be hydraulic rams, screw jacks or any other mechanism capable of lifting a substantial weight.
• the vertical elongate legs may have vertical or spiral strakes or other flow "spoilers" attached at their upstream and downstream stagnation points in order to inhibit vortex shedding which would otherwise occur from cylindrical members exposed to a fast flow of liquid.
• the flow spoiling may be achieved by using non-cylindrical vertical elongate legs; for example with streamlined fairings, elliptical or diamond shaped in profile which may in some cases not only inhibit vortex shedding but also be advantageous in reducing drag and hence the load on the structure.
• cross-bracing members may be provided between the vertical tubular elongate leg members to increase the overall strength of the structure and its resistance to buckling of its legs, such cross bracing being preferably but not necessarily aligned to minimise drag; e.g., rectangular section members should preferably be set so their longer dimension aligns with the direction of the flow of the current.
• a preferred mode of transporting the template structure to a location of use utilises a conventional crane-barge or a specialised twin-hulled vessel capable of lifting the structure between its hulls using either an on-board crane or cranes or onboard winches and used to convey the template structure to the desired site, to lower it into place, to raise it and to retrieve it after the drilling operations and the placing of piles has been completed.
• the template structure is provided with buoyancy chambers or other floatation methods such as floatation bags to convey it afloat to the desired site under tow from a tug type of vessel and where such buoyancy aids can be flooded or progressively detached in order to enable the structure to sink when at the desired location.
• buoyancy chambers or other floatation methods such as floatation bags to convey it afloat to the desired site under tow from a tug type of vessel and where such buoyancy aids can be flooded or progressively detached in order to enable the structure to sink when at the desired location.
• the floatation devices will then be pumped out or reattached in order to refloat the structure and retrieve it after the drilling operations and the placing of piles has been completed.
• a sleeve or sleeves can be positioned co-axially with and below the vertical tubular elongate leg member or members such that the sleeve or sleeves extends the leg-like member from its base to the actual sea-bed or underwater ground level and thereby protects the drill string or grout hoses from the force of the passing current in what would otherwise be a gap.
• the sleeve or sleeves may be lowered through the vertical tubular elongate leg member or members prior to drilling or may be retracted around the outside of the lowermost part of the leg member when not in use and lowered by releasing a suitable catch or fastening when the structure is in place and standing on the seabed, riverbed or other ground with liquid above it.
• the vertical tubular elongate leg member or members can have sections removed or inserted in order to vary their length and thereby permit the use of the template structure in varying depths of water (or other liquid).
• the template structure has integrated features (for example hydrofoils) possibly integral with the cross bracing that make use of the flow of water to create a net downwards orientated 'lift" force that assists gravity in holding the template structure onto the sea (or river) bed.
• integrated features for example hydrofoils
• the tubular elongate leg members are of a height such that the platform is located above the surface of the water even if waves are present.
• ра ⁇ н ⁇ н ⁇ е как ⁇ о ⁇ раника may be designed for different depths of water or alternatively detachable sections of the tubular elongate leg members may be removed or added to cater for different water depths.
• a catamaran (twin-hull) vessel with sufficient space between its hulls to accommodate the template structure substantially above water level can be used to transport the structure to a required location at which point the structure can be lowered to the bed of the sea, river or any other expanse of water either by using an on-board crane or by using winches as will be elaborated later.
• a catamaran (twin-hull) vessel with sufficient space between its hulls to accommodate the template structure substantially above water level can be used to transport the structure to a required location at which point the structure can be lowered to the bed of the sea, river or any other expanse of water either by using an on-board crane or by using winches as will be elaborated later.
• the tubular elongate leg members of the template structure are arranged such that they can be positioned vertically upstanding when the base is lowered to rest on footings on the sea bed (or river bed or any other such ground with water above it).
• the footings project below the base structure sufficiently far for the base structure to clear commonly found unevenness or loose rocks in the ground or bed and will generally be mounted on outriggers or extensions from the base or chassis of the template structure to give sufficient spacing for the stability of the structure, to ensure against toppling when there are strong currents, when standing on the bed of the sea, river or other water flooded space.
• the footings will usually have pointed feet to give grip on hard surfaces, but other forms of feet may be fitted to suit different ground conditions.
• Each footing is also equipped with extendable/retractable leveling devices such as hydraulic ram driven jacks or possibly electrically or hydraulically activated screw jacks or any other such device capable of adjusting the vertical height of each footing, so as to compensate for unevenness of the ground on which it stands within reasonable limits such that the tubular members can be adjusted so as to be truly vertical and so that the platform mounted to the tubular leg members is then truly horizontal after the template structure footings have come to rest on the ground below the water or other liquid.
• extendable/retractable leveling devices such as hydraulic ram driven jacks or possibly electrically or hydraulically activated screw jacks or any other such device capable of adjusting the vertical height of each footing, so as to compensate for unevenness of the ground on which it stands within reasonable limits such that the tubular members can be adjusted so as to be truly vertical and so that the platform mounted to the tubular leg members is then truly horizontal
• an internal sleeve may be lowered through the tubular elongate leg members to rest on the ground below and thereby extend the conductor tube from the base frame which is clear of the ground.
• an alternative external sleeve may also be used for this same purpose which could be released by remote control from below the vertical tube like leg member once the structure is correctly positioned.
• the drill string may have at its lowermost end, a pile fitted with drilling cutters which can be drilled and/or hammered to the desired depth and then disconnected by an automatic release mechanism or alternatively, and more conventionally, removable drill strings are used to drill the holes and after these have been withdrawn the pile can be lowered down the same tubular member and into the ground using a crane or winch mounted on the top platform above water level.
• the pile when lowered into place can be pre-fitted with grout hoses and suitable internal grout pipes or channels such that grout may be pumped into the pile and it can be grouted into its hole after it has been lowered into place.
• the grout hoses will be protected as they will be within the tubular elongate leg members which effectively act as conductor tubes as well as acting as legs for supporting the above water platform.
• the grouting equipment may be carried on the top platform to deliver to the hoses.
• the preferred embodiment of the template structure involves three footings, as these can be arranged to share the weight of the template structure regardless of the unevenness of the ground on which it stands. However, if required, more footings can be used to drill a multiple spread of piles and in that case the aforementioned jacks for leveling can be adjusted to share the load evenly as well as to level the structure by sequentially pre-loading and settling each footing until stability is achieved. With hydraulic systems, the loading may be determined from the hydraulic pressure.
• the preferred embodiment uses three tubular elongate leg members which can be used as a template for drilling a spread of three piles suitably for a tripod-type of jacket structure.
• the same kind of structure can be used to accommodate as little as a single support leg member, or three leg members with one of them of larger cross-sectional diameter through which a mono pile can be drilled and installed, or more than three leg members to accommodate multiple footing jacket foundations.
• an advantage of this invention is that the template structure will generally be cross-braced below water level considerably to enhance its strength and to permit much greater stability and resistance to vibration (e.g. from vortex shedding) than in the case of jack-up barges.
• the cross- bracing is preferably aligned so that it has a low drag profile to the direction of flow of the currents.
• Strakes for inhibiting vortex shedding may be fixed vertically to the leg members upstream and downstream of the direction of flow of the currents or arranged in a spiral around each leg member to inhibit the "wrap-around" or Coanda effect, where cylindrical members shed vortices cyclically in flowing fluids, or alternatively the leg members may be of non-circular cross-section, such possibilities include elliptical, other streamlined profile cross-sections or diamond shaped cross-sectional profiles to reduce drag and prevent vortex shedding.
• the base frame or chassis has space for the addition of ballast, sometimes known as kentledge to be clamped to it.
• ballast sometimes known as kentledge to be clamped to it.
• box like open- topped containers can be provided into which ballast may be deposited.
• the ballast will be steel or iron billets, old chain or other dense and heavy but low cost materials.
• the ballast may be permanently in place or it may in some situations be added after the structure has been lowered into position. Extra ballast can if necessary be added to the platform above water level if necessary by craning it into position from an accompanying crane barge.
• the aforementioned cross-bracing may also optionally include or carry horizontal hydrofoils positioned such that they will produce a down-force proportional to the square of the velocity of the current to help improve the stability of the structure and reduce the need for ballast/kentledge.
• the platform above water level will also normally be used for carrying any other facilities needed for the operation, such as cranes, winches, generating equipment to provide power for drilling, grouting systems, accommodation for the crew, safety equipment, etc.
• piles which can be stacked, for example, vertically to enable them to be easily lifted and lowered (by an onboard crane or winch) into the support leg members when the holes have been drilled.
• means are required to be able to transport the template structure to a required location of use and then subsequently to lift it and to transport it away from said location after the piles have been positioned.
• Such transport possibilities include the use of a conventional crane barge, or a basic barge with a mobile crane installed on it, to carry it or to transfer it from another barge.
• flotation devices may be used to make the structure float, hence it could be towed to site using tug(s). In such cases it may be floated either vertically or more likely on its side from which position it would be rotated to a vertical position during the sinking sequence.
• a preferred method is to use a dedicated catamaran (twin-hulled barge) of such construction that the spacing between the hulls is such that the template structure can be positioned vertically between them. Sea- fastenings will be used when it is raised in order to secure the template structure to the catamaran barge for transit to the site.
• a crane or more preferably deck-mounted winches, will hold the template structure in position when the barge is positioned on site and the sea- fastenings are released, and then by paying out their cables in a controlled manner, the template structure may be controllably lowered to rest on its footings on the seabed.
• the template structure may be controllably lowered to rest on its footings on the seabed.
• the barge may be moored to the structure using a mooring arrangement capable of holding it in place despite the rise and fall of the sea surface under tidal influence (suitable fenders being provided to prevent damage due to inevitable impacts between the barge and the template structure); and secondly, the barge may be manoeuvred away from the structure by tugs.
• the conventional method for placing piles in areas with strong currents is generally to use a jack-up barge to provide a stable platform to drill from.
• the template structure of the invention has the advantage over jack-up barges that, firstly, the elongate leg members serve a dual purpose as conductor tubes for drilling through (a jack-up barge needs legs and additional conductor tubes) thereby reducing the overall drag in strong currents. Secondly, the leg members can have strakes or streamlined profiles as they do not need to be withdrawn through a tight orifice as for a jack-up barge's legs. This situation can inhibit vortex shedding which is a major cause of instability for a jack-up barge standing in a strong current.
• the leg members can also be cross-braced which greatly increases the strength and resistance to buckling compared with cantilevered jack-up barge legs and, moreover, the cross-bracing can include hydrofoils to improve stability in strong currents by creating down force.
• this invention consists of what is sometimes called a "dumb structure" with no moving parts; hence it is more robust, potentially faster at completing the required operations and a lot less costly than a jack-up barge capable of standing in similar depths of water.
• Figure 1 schematically illustrates in isometric view an embodiment of a template structure incorporating the concepts of the invention and when the template structure is in position on the sea bed with a cutaway of the sea (or other water) surface as indicated to illustrate the immersion depth;
• Figure 2 schematically illustrates a specialised twin-hulled (catamaran) type vessel capable of transporting the complete template structure shown in Figure 1 between its hulls as shown;
• Figure 3 schematically shows how the twin-hulled vessel can be used to lower the template structure so that it can stand on the sea bed (or any other below water surface).
• each footing 2 is shown, by way of example, with a pair of hydraulic rams 2a, but other methods of vertical adjustment may be used.
• the aforementioned footings 2 are mounted on outrigger extensions 2b from a chassis frame 3 which can carry ballast or kentledge 4.
• a working platform 5 is positioned at the top region of the template structure. This platform 5 will normally carry personnel plus a crane or cranes, power plant, grouting systems, etc., (none of these being illustrated).
• Cross-bracing members 6 may be used to reinforce the template structure and to improve its stiffness. This cross-bracing may also take the form of or serve to carry hydrofoils (not illustrated) orientated to create down force in strong currents to improve stability.
• a single drilling rig 7 with a small crane 8 is shown mounted on top of one of the tubular elongate leg members 1.
• Figure 1 only one such drilling rig 7 and associated crane 8 is illustrated, since in this example they may be moved from one leg member 1 to the next to enable sequential drilling.
• strakes 9 set vertically along the upstream and downstream sides of each leg 1 to inhibit vortex shedding. These strakes 9 could also take the form of a spiral as used on many tall chimneys to serve the same purpose. Alternatively, other than circular cross-sections of the leg members 1 may be used (not illustrated) such as streamlined (elliptical) or straight edged (diamond) profiles which would not produce vortices.
• extension sleeve 10 that can be lowered through the tubular leg once the structure is positioned to protect the drill string when passing through the space between the lowermost ends of the tubular leg members 1 and the ground surface of the sea or the river bed SB. Alternatively as is illustrated, such a sleeve 10 could be mounted externally of the lower end of the associated tubular leg member 1 given sufficient space.
• FIG 2 a specialised twin-hulled (catamaran) type vessel capable of transporting the complete template structure shown in Figure 1 between its hulls is shown.
• An advantage of such a vessel is that it can be designed to have low hull drag in fast moving water compared with conventional barges.
• Figure 3 shows how the catamaran barge can lower the template structure so that it can stand on the seabed (or any other ground surface beneath a liquid body). The barge may then remain moored to the template structure for the duration of the drilling operations or it may depart and return later to collect the template structure after drilling has been completed.

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• 2010
  • 2010-07-05 GB GBGB1011251.4A patent/GB201011251D0/en not_active Ceased
• 2011
  • 2011-07-05 EP EP11739127.6A patent/EP2591175A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2011-07-05 WO PCT/GB2011/001013 patent/WO2012004556A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2011-07-05 CN CN2011800333748A patent/CN103119222A/zh active Pending
  • 2011-07-05 KR KR1020137002934A patent/KR20130049804A/ko active Search and Examination
  • 2011-07-05 GB GB1111425.3A patent/GB2481906A/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2011-07-05 JP JP2013517518A patent/JP5813109B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related

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