WO2011158544A1 - 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス材料、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、表示装置及び照明装置 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス材料、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、表示装置及び照明装置 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent material, an organic electroluminescent element, a display device, and a lighting device.
- ELD electroluminescence display
- organic EL elements organic electroluminescent elements
- Inorganic electroluminescence elements have been used as planar light sources, but an alternating high voltage is required to drive the light emitting elements.
- an organic EL device has a structure in which a light-emitting layer containing a light-emitting compound is sandwiched between a cathode and an anode, and excitons (excitons) are generated by injecting electrons and holes into the light-emitting layer and recombining them.
- It is an element that emits light by using light emission (fluorescence / phosphorescence) when the exciton is deactivated, and can emit light at a voltage of several volts to several tens of volts. Therefore, it has a wide viewing angle, high visibility, and since it is a thin-film type completely solid element, it has attracted attention from the viewpoints of space saving and portability.
- a small amount of a phosphor is doped into a stilbene derivative, a distyrylarylene derivative or a tristyrylarylene derivative to achieve improvement in light emission luminance and a longer device lifetime.
- an element having an organic light-emitting layer in which 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum complex is used as a host compound and a small amount of phosphor is doped to the host compound for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-264692
- 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum complex is used as a host compound.
- an element having an organic light emitting layer doped with a quinacridone dye for example, JP-A-3-255190 is known.
- the generation ratio of singlet excitons and triplet excitons is 1: 3, and thus the generation probability of luminescent excited species is 25%. Since the efficiency is about 20%, the limit of the external extraction quantum efficiency ( ⁇ ext) is set to 5%.
- the upper limit of the internal quantum efficiency is 100%.
- the luminous efficiency is four times that of the excited singlet, and there is a possibility that almost the same performance as a cold cathode tube can be obtained. Therefore, it is attracting attention as a lighting application.
- the light emission luminance and light emission efficiency of the light emitting device are greatly improved compared to conventional devices because the emitted light is derived from phosphorescence.
- the light emission lifetime of the device is shorter than that of the conventional fluorescent device.
- the light emission lifetime is extremely short, and a blue dopant that satisfies all of the light emission efficiency, the light emission wavelength, and the light emission lifetime has not yet been found, and its creation is urgent.
- the emission wavelength is shortened and blue emission is realized, and high efficiency emission can be achieved, while the emission lifetime of the device is very short, and the emission wavelength is shortened and the emission lifetime. There was a need to improve the trade-off.
- a metal complex having phenylimidazole as a ligand is a luminescent material having a relatively short emission wavelength (see, for example, Patent Documents 2 and 3).
- a metal complex having an imidazophenanthridine complex as a ligand is a light-emitting material having a short emission wavelength (see, for example, Patent Documents 4 and 5).
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 it is generally said that it is effective for high luminescence to increase the transition probability from the metal part to the ligand part of the metal complex (enhance the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT)).
- MLCT metal-to-ligand charge transfer
- Non-Patent Document 3 As one means for enhancing the MLCT property, research into introducing a substituent having an empty orbital such as an arylboryl group into a ligand has been made (for example, see Non-Patent Document 3).
- absorption derived from MLCT is increased by introducing a triarylboryl group into a terpyridine-Pt complex that normally does not emit light even when photoexcited, and light emission due to photoexcitation is observed.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an organic EL material that exhibits short-wave emission, exhibits high emission efficiency, and has a long emission lifetime.
- the phosphorescence lifetime of the emission material is short, and blue to blue green
- an organic EL element containing the organic EL material, and an illumination device and a display device including the element are provided.
- An organic electroluminescent material which is a compound represented by the following general formula (1).
- a and B each represent a 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon group or a 5-membered or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group, and at least one of A and B is a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic group.
- Q represents a substituent having a vacant orbit that can accept ⁇ electrons from A or B.
- M represents a transition metal element of Group 8 to Group 10 in the periodic table, and L represents an arbitrary ligand capable of coordinating with M.
- m1 represents an integer of 1 to 3
- m2 represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- n represents an integer of 1 to 4.
- R represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic heterocyclic group
- R 11 to R 16 each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- at least one of R 11 to R 16 is a substituent Q having a vacant orbit that can accept a ⁇ electron from a bonded ring.
- M represents a transition metal element of Group 8 to Group 10 in the periodic table
- L represents an arbitrary ligand capable of coordinating with M.
- m1 represents an integer of 1 to 3
- m2 represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- 3. 2 The organic electroluminescent material according to 1 above, wherein the compound represented by the general formula (1) is a compound represented by the following general formula (3).
- R 21 to R 26 each represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. However, at least one of R 21 to R 26 is a substituent Q having a vacant orbit that can accept a ⁇ electron from a bonded ring.
- M represents a transition metal element of Group 8 to Group 10 in the periodic table, and L represents an arbitrary ligand capable of coordinating with M.
- m1 represents an integer of 1 to 3, and m2 represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- R 31 to R 37 each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. However, at least one of R 31 to R 37 is a substituent Q having a vacant orbit that can accept a ⁇ electron from a bonded ring.
- M represents a transition metal element of Group 8 to Group 10 in the periodic table, and L represents an arbitrary ligand capable of coordinating with M.
- m1 represents an integer of 1 to 3, and m2 represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- R 51 to R 57 each represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. However, at least one of R 51 to R 57 is a substituent Q having a vacant orbit that can accept a ⁇ electron from a bonded ring.
- U 1 and U 2 each represent a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom.
- M represents a transition metal element of Group 8 to Group 10 in the periodic table, and L represents an arbitrary ligand capable of coordinating with M.
- m1 represents an integer of 1 to 3
- m2 represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- x1 and x2 each represents an integer of 0 or 1. ] 6).
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) described in the above 1, the compound represented by the general formula (2) described in the above 2, the compound represented by the general formula (3) described in the above 3, the above 4 Q of the compound represented by the general formula (4) described in the above or the compound represented by the general formula (5) described in the above 5 is a substitution containing a group 13 element, a sulfur atom or a phosphorus atom in the periodic table 18.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 each independently represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group. However, Ar 1 and Ar 2 may be bonded to each other to further form an aromatic ring.
- Ra, Rb, and Rc each represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- J 1 , J 2 and J 3 each represent an arylene group or a heteroarylene group, and r, s and t each represents an integer of 0 or 1.
- Q represents at least one selected from the substituent group consisting of Q-1-1 to Q-1-10.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 each independently represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group. However, Ar 1 and Ar 2 may be bonded to each other to further form an aromatic ring.
- D 1 to D 5 each represents a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom.
- Rd and Re each represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- p represents an integer of 0 to 4
- q represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- E 1 represents O, S or N—Rf (Rf represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring), and E 2 and E 3 represent a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom.
- an organic electroluminescence device containing at least one light emitting layer sandwiched between an anode and a cathode, 2.
- the organic electroluminescence device wherein the light emitting layer has an organic layer containing at least one compound represented by the general formula (1) described in 1 above.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) described in the above 1, the compound represented by the general formula (2) described in the above 2, the compound represented by the general formula (3) described in the above 3, the above 4 Q of the compound represented by the general formula (4) described in the above or the compound represented by the general formula (5) described in the above 5 is a substitution containing a group 13 element, a sulfur atom or a phosphorus atom in the periodic table 39.
- a display device comprising the organic electroluminescence element according to any one of 22 to 43 above.
- An illuminating device comprising the organic electroluminescence element as described in any one of 22 to 43 above.
- the organic electroluminescent material of the present invention has a structure defined in any one of claims 1 to 21 to provide an organic electroluminescent device exhibiting high luminous efficiency and having a long emission lifetime. I was able to.
- an illumination device and a display device using the element could be provided.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a display unit A.
- FIG. It is the schematic of an illuminating device. It is a schematic diagram of an illuminating device.
- the inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies on substituents capable of enhancing MLCT properties for various ligands used in the formation of metal complexes in the above technical background, and as a result, such as phenylpyrazole and phenylimidazole.
- substituents capable of enhancing MLCT properties for various ligands used in the formation of metal complexes in the above technical background, and as a result, such as phenylpyrazole and phenylimidazole.
- Introducing a substituent with a vacant orbital that can accept ⁇ electrons, such as boron, sulfoxide, and phosphine oxide, into the ligand skeleton enhances the MLCT property.
- the luminous properties and durability of the complex are improved.
- the emission wavelength can be adjusted to a desired wavelength range by appropriately adjusting the type and position of the substituent.
- Organic EL element material >> The organic EL element material of the present invention will be described.
- the organic EL device material of the present invention is a compound represented by the above general formula (1), and the compound belongs to the category of a metal complex (metal complex compound) from the molecular structure.
- the present inventors focused on the organic EL element material used for the light emitting layer of the organic EL element, and in particular, studied various metal complex compounds used as the light emitting dopant.
- the substituent having a back-donation effect preferably has an empty p-orbital that can accept ⁇ electrons from the ligand.
- the present inventors have further studied and compounds (metal complexes) represented by the above general formula (1), (2), (3), (4) or (5), which are the organic EL device materials of the present invention. , which is also referred to as a metal complex compound), and when applied to an organic EL device, has successfully developed a light-emitting dopant that exhibits a desired light emission wavelength and realizes a long lifetime.
- the auxiliary coordination to combine it has also been found that the emission wavelength of the metal complex can be controlled in a desired region by adjusting the element or the substituent.
- the molecular design for imparting the function of controlling the emission wavelength of the metal complex in the long wave region is represented by the general formulas (1), (2), (3), (4) according to the present invention.
- the compound represented by (5) can be used as a starting point for designing the basic skeleton of the metal complex.
- the compound (metal complex) represented by the general formula (1), (2), (3), (4) or (5) according to the present invention has a valence of a transition metal element represented by M, although it can have a plurality of ligands, the ligands may all be the same, or may have ligands having different structures.
- the type of ligand in the complex is preferably composed of 1 to 2 types, and more preferably 1 type.
- the compounds represented by the general formula (1), (2), (3), (4) or (5) according to the present invention are represented by transition metal elements M and L.
- a compound having a portion excluding the ligand as the ligand is most preferably used.
- the ligand is a portion obtained by removing the transition metal element M from the compound represented by the general formula (1), (2), (3), (4) or (5). It is.
- compounds (metal complexes) having a partial structure represented by the general formula (1) compounds (metal complexes) represented by the general formula (2), (3), (4) or (5) Is preferred.
- the compound (metal complex) represented by the general formula (1), (2), (3), (4) or (5) according to the present invention is charged in the constituent layer of the organic EL device of the present invention. It is preferable to be contained in the layer.
- a charge transporting layer As a containing layer of the compound (metal complex) represented by the general formula (1), (2), (3), (4) or (5) according to the present invention, a charge transporting layer (charge transporting layer) And the charge transport layer is provided on the anode side with respect to the light emitting layer (referred to as the first charge transport layer), and is provided on the cathode side with respect to the light emitting layer (second). Either mode of charge transport layer) can be used.
- the charge transport layer is preferably an electron blocking layer or a light emitting layer, and the charge transport layer is more than the light emitting layer.
- the charge transport layer is preferably a light emitting layer or a hole blocking layer, and more preferably, the charge transport layer is a light emitting layer or a hole blocking layer.
- the light emitting layer is particularly preferable.
- the light emitting layer When contained in the light emitting layer, it can be used as a light emitting dopant in the light emitting layer to increase the efficiency of external extraction quantum efficiency of the organic EL device of the present invention (higher brightness) and to increase the light emission lifetime. Can do.
- examples of the 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by A and B include a phenyl group, a p-chlorophenyl group, a mesityl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group, a naphthyl group, and an anthryl group. , Azulenyl group, acenaphthenyl group, fluorenyl group, phenanthryl group, indenyl group, pyrenyl group, biphenylyl group and the like.
- examples of the 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group represented by A and B include a pyridyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, and a triazinyl group.
- examples of the 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic group represented by A and B include a furyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, and a triazolyl group (for example, 1, 2, 4-triazol-1-yl group, 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl group, etc.), oxazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, furazanyl group, thienyl group, imidazolinium carbenyl group, etc. Can be mentioned.
- the 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by each of A and B may be further substituted with a substituent, and as the substituent, Is an alkyl group (for example, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, octyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group, pentadecyl group, etc.), cycloalkyl group (For example, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, etc.), alkenyl group (for example, vinyl group, allyl group, 1-propenyl group, 2-butenyl group, 1,3-butadienyl group, 2-pentenyl group, isopropenyl group, etc.), Alkynyl group (eg, ethynyl group, propargyl group, etc
- Aromatic heterocyclic groups for example, furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, quinazolinyl, carbazolyl, carbolinyl, dia A carbazolyl group (indicating that one of the carbon atoms constituting the carboline ring of the carbolinyl group is replaced by a nitrogen atom), a phthalazinyl group, etc.), a heterocyclic group (eg, pyrrolidyl group, imidazolidyl group, morpholyl) Group, oxazolidyl group, etc.) Alkoxy groups (for example, methoxy group, ethoxy group, propyloxy group, pentyloxy group, hexyloxy group, octyloxy group, dodecyloxy group, etc.),
- substituents may be further substituted with the above substituents.
- a plurality of these substituents may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- the substituent having a vacant orbit capable of accepting ⁇ electrons from A or B represented by Q is a group containing a Group 13 element, a sulfur atom or a phosphorus atom in the periodic table of elements. More preferably, Q preferably represents any one of the above Q-1, Q-2, or Q-3, and particularly preferably, the above Q-1-1 to Q-1-10 It represents at least one selected from the substituent group consisting of.
- examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group represented by Ar 1 and Ar 2 include a phenyl group, a p-chlorophenyl group, a mesityl group, and tolyl.
- examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group represented by Ar 1 and Ar 2 include a phenyl group, a p-chlorophenyl group, a mesityl group, and tolyl.
- examples of the aromatic heterocyclic group represented by Ar 1 and Ar 2 include a pyridyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a furyl group, a pyrrolyl group and an imidazolyl group.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 represented by Q-1, Q-2, and Q-3, respectively, may be bonded to each other to form an aromatic ring.
- an aromatic hydrocarbon ring for example, Biphenyl ring, naphthalene ring, azulene ring, anthracene ring, phenanthrene ring, pyrene ring, chrysene ring, naphthacene ring, triphenylene ring, o-terphenyl ring, m-terphenyl ring, p-terphenyl ring, acenaphthene ring, coronene ring Fluorene ring, fluoranthrene ring, naphthacene ring, pentacene ring, perylene ring, pentaphen ring, picene ring, pyrene ring, pyranthrene ring, anthraanthrene ring, etc.), aromatic heterocycle (eg monocycl
- those that are preferably used as an aromatic ring formed by bonding to each other with Ar 1 and Ar 2 are a 1H-borolyl group, a 5H-dibenzoborolyl group, and the like.
- examples of the alkyl group represented by Ra, Rb, and Rc include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, and tert-butyl.
- examples of the cycloalkyl group represented by Ra, Rb, and Rc include a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and the like.
- examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group represented by Ra, Rb, and Rc include a phenyl group, a p-chlorophenyl group, a mesityl group, Tolyl group, xylyl group, naphthyl group, anthryl group, azulenyl group, acenaphthenyl group, fluorenyl group, phenanthryl group, indenyl group, pyrenyl group, biphenylyl group), aromatic heterocyclic group (for example, furyl group, thienyl group, pyridyl group) , Pyridazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyrazinyl group, triazinyl group, imidazolyl group, pyrazolyl group, thiazolyl group, quinazolinyl group, phthalazinyl group and the like.
- aromatic heterocyclic group for example, furyl group, thienyl group, pyri
- examples of the aromatic heterocyclic group represented by Ra, Rb, and Rc include a furyl group, a thienyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyridazinyl group, Pyrimidinyl group, pyrazinyl group, triazinyl group, imidazolyl group, pyrazolyl group, thiazolyl group, quinazolinyl group, carbazolyl group, carbolinyl group, diazacarbazolyl group (one of the carbon atoms constituting the carboline ring of the carbolinyl group is And a phthalazinyl group).
- the arylene groups represented by J 1 , J 2 and J 3 are o-phenylene group, m-phenylene group and p-phenylene group, respectively. , Naphthalenediyl group, anthracenediyl group, naphthacenediyl group, pyrenediyl group, naphthylnaphthalenediyl group, biphenyldiyl group (for example, [1,1′-biphenyl] -4,4′-diyl group, 3,3′-biphenyldiyl Group, 3,6-biphenyldiyl group, etc.), terphenyldiyl group, quaterphenyldiyl group, kinkphenyldiyl group, sexiphenyldiyl group, septiphenyldiyl group, octiphenyldiyl group, nobiphenyl
- arylene groups may further have the above substituents.
- examples of the heteroarylene group represented by J 1 , J 2 , or J 3 include a carbazole ring, a carboline ring, a diazacarbazole ring ( It is also called a monoazacarboline ring, which indicates a ring structure in which one of the carbon atoms constituting the carboline ring is replaced by a nitrogen atom), triazole ring, pyrrole ring, pyridine ring, pyrazine ring, quinoxaline ring, thiophene ring, oxadi And divalent groups derived from the group consisting of an azole ring, dibenzofuran ring, dibenzothiophene ring, and indole ring.
- heteroarylene groups may further have the above substituents.
- the aromatic heterocyclic groups represented by Ar 1 and Ar 2 are represented by the above Q-1, Q-2 and Q-3, respectively. Are the same as the aromatic heterocyclic groups represented by Ar 1 and Ar 2 , respectively.
- the aromatic rings formed by bonding Ar 1 and Ar 2 to each other are represented by Q-1, Q-2 and Q-3, respectively.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 are the same as the aromatic ring formed by bonding to each other.
- preferred examples of the aromatic ring formed by bonding to each other with Ar 1 and Ar 2 include a 1H-borolyl group and a 5H-dibenzoborolyl group. be able to.
- the alkyl groups represented by Rd and Re are the groups represented by Q-1, Q-2, and Q-3. It is synonymous with the alkyl group each represented by Ra, Rb, Rc.
- the cycloalkyl groups represented by Rd and Re are the groups represented by Q-1, Q-2 and Q-3. , Ra, Rb, and Rc, each having the same meaning as the cycloalkyl group.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon ring groups represented by Rd and Re are represented by the above Q-1, Q-2, and Q-3, respectively.
- Rd and Re are represented by the above Q-1, Q-2, and Q-3, respectively.
- Ra, Rb and Rc are the same as the aromatic hydrocarbon ring groups represented by Ra, Rb and Rc.
- the aromatic heterocyclic groups represented by Rd and Re are groups represented by Q-1, Q-2 and Q-3, respectively. Are the same as the aromatic heterocyclic groups represented by Ra, Rb and Rc.
- the alkyl groups represented by Rf of N—Rf of E 1 in the groups represented by Q-1-1 to Q-1-10 are groups represented by Q-1, Q-2, and Q-3. In these, it is synonymous with the alkyl group each represented by Ra, Rb, and Rc.
- the cycloalkyl groups represented by Rf of E 1 N—Rf of the groups represented by Q-1-1 to Q-1-10 are represented by Q-1, Q-2, and Q-3. In a group, it is synonymous with the cycloalkyl group represented by Ra, Rb, and Rc, respectively.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group represented by Rf of E 1 N—Rf of each group represented by Q-1-1 to Q-1-10 is Q-1, Q-2, or Q-3. In the group represented, it is synonymous with the aromatic-hydrocarbon cyclic group each represented by Ra, Rb, and Rc.
- Aromatic heterocyclic groups represented by Rf of E 1 N—Rf of the groups represented by Q-1-1 to Q-1-10 are represented by Q-1, Q-2, and Q-3, respectively. In the group, it is synonymous with the aromatic heterocyclic group each represented by Ra, Rb, Rc.
- L represents an arbitrary ligand capable of coordinating with M, and is a ligand known to those skilled in the art.
- ligands used in conventionally known metal complexes.
- Nitrogen heterocyclic ligands for example, bipyridyl, phenanthroline, etc.
- diketone ligands for example, bipyridyl, phenanthroline, etc.
- substituted or unsubstituted phenylpyridine, phenylpyrazole, phenylimidazole, phenyltriazole, phenyltetrazole, pyrazabol, picolinic acid, carbene and the like can be used in combination as a preferable ligand.
- M is a transition metal element of group 8 to group 10 (also simply referred to as a transition metal) in the periodic table of elements.
- a transition metal iridium and platinum are preferable transition metal elements.
- a preferred embodiment includes a compound represented by the above general formula (2).
- the alkyl group represented by R is represented by Ra, Rb, Rc in the group represented by Q-1, Q-2, Q-3 in the general formula (1). Synonymous with alkyl group.
- the cycloalkyl group represented by R is represented by Ra, Rb, Rc in the group represented by Q-1, Q-2, Q-3 in the general formula (1). It is synonymous with the cycloalkyl group.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by R is the group represented by Q-1, Q-2, Q-3 in the general formula (1), and each of Ra, Rb, Rc It is synonymous with the aromatic hydrocarbon group represented.
- the aromatic heterocyclic group represented by R is the group represented by Q-1, Q-2, Q-3 in the general formula (1), and each of Ra, Rb, Rc It is synonymous with the aromatic heterocyclic group represented.
- the group represented by R is preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic heterocyclic group, and more preferably the following general formula (A ), (B) or (C).
- Z is necessary together with Y to form a 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring, a 6-membered aromatic heterocycle, a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle, or a 5-membered heterocycle.
- Y represents a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- examples of the 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring represented by Z include a benzene ring. Furthermore, you may have said substituent.
- examples of the 6-membered aromatic heterocycle represented by Z include a pyridine ring, a pyridazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyrazine ring, and a triazine ring.
- examples of the 5-membered heterocyclic ring represented by Z include dihydrothiophene, tetrahydrothiophene, pyrrolidone, dihydropyrrole, tetrahydrofuran, dihydrofuran, dihydrophosphole, phosphorane, silolane, dihydrosilole, dihydro
- Examples include imidazole, dihydropyrazole, dihydrooxazole, dihydrothiazole, dihydroisooxazole, dihydroisothiazole and the like.
- examples of the 5-membered aromatic heterocycle represented by Z include thiophene, pyrrole, furan, phosphole, silole, imidazole, pyrazole, triazole, tetrazole, thiazole, oxazole, isothiazole, And oxazole.
- Rp represents a substituent, which is a 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by A or B in the general formula (1), a 5-membered or 6-membered fragrance.
- the group heterocyclic group has the same meaning as the substituent which may be further substituted.
- Ro represents a substituent having a steric parameter value (Es value) of ⁇ 0.5 or less.
- the substituent is a 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon formed by the Z, 6 It is preferably bonded to an atom at the adjacent position of * which is a bonding site of a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle, 5-membered aromatic heterocycle or 5-membered heterocycle, and more preferably an electron-donating group. .
- the steric parameter value (Es value) is a steric parameter derived from chemical reactivity, and the smaller this value, the more sterically bulky substituent.
- the Es value of the substituent X is represented by the following chemical reaction formula: X—CH 2 COORX + H 2 O ⁇ X—CH 2 COOH + RXOH
- Es log (kX / kH)
- the reaction rate decreases due to the steric hindrance of the substituent X, and as a result, kX ⁇ kH, so the Es value is usually negative.
- Es values include Unger, S. H. Hansch, C .; , Prog. Phys. Org. Chem. 12, 91 (1976).
- the Es value as defined in this specification is not defined by defining that of a methyl group as 0, but by assuming that a hydrogen atom is 0, and an Es value where a methyl group is 0. Minus 1.24.
- the Es value according to the present invention is ⁇ 0.5 or less. Preferably, it is -7.0 to -0.6. Most preferably, it is -7.0 to -1.0.
- a steric parameter value (Es value) is ⁇ 0.5 or less
- a keto-enol tautomer may exist in Z
- the keto moiety is regarded as an enol isomer.
- Es value is converted. Even when other tautomerism exists, the Es value is converted by the same conversion method.
- the substituent having an Es value of ⁇ 0.5 or less is preferably an electron-donating substituent in terms of electronic effect.
- the electron-donating substituent is a substituent having a negative Hammett ⁇ p value as described below, and such a substituent has an electron on the bonding atom side compared to a hydrogen atom. Easy to give.
- substituent exhibiting electron donating properties include a hydroxy group, a thiol group, an alkoxy group (for example, a methoxy group), an alkylthio group, an arylthio group, an acetyloxy group, an amino group, a dimethylamino group, an acetylamino group, and an alkyl group.
- groups for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a t-butyl group, etc.
- an aryl group for example, a phenyl group, a mesityl group, etc.
- the Hammett ⁇ p value according to the present invention refers to Hammett's substituent constant ⁇ p.
- Hammett's ⁇ p value is a substituent constant determined by Hammett et al. From the electronic effect of the substituent on the hydrolysis of ethyl benzoate. “Structure-activity relationship of drugs” (Nanedo: 1979), “Substituent” The groups described in Constants for Correlation Analysis in Chemistry and Biology (C. Hansch and A. Leo, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1979) can be cited.
- the substituent represented by Rp has the same meaning as the substituent described in the compound represented by the general formula (1).
- n represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- the substituent represented by Rp has the same meaning as the substituent described in the compound represented by the general formula (1).
- n represents an integer of 0 to 3.
- each of the substituents represented by R 11 to R 16 is a 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by A or B in the general formula (1).
- the aromatic heterocyclic group is synonymous with the substituent which may be further substituted.
- R 11 to R 16 represents Q
- the Q is an empty orbit capable of accepting ⁇ electrons from A or B represented by Q in the general formula (1). It is synonymous with the substituent which has.
- the transition metal element of group 8 to group 10 in the periodic table of elements represented by M is the transition metal element of group 8 to group 10 in the periodic table of elements. (Simply referred to as transition metal).
- an arbitrary ligand represented by L has the same meaning as an arbitrary ligand capable of coordinating with M in the general formula (1).
- At least one of R 21 to R 26 represents Q.
- the Q represents a ⁇ electron from A or B represented by Q in the general formula (1). Synonymous with a substituent having an acceptable empty orbit.
- the transition metal elements of Group 8 to Group 10 in the periodic table of elements represented by M are the same as those in the general formula (1), where M represents Group 8 to 10 in the periodic table of elements. It is synonymous with a group transition metal element (also simply referred to as a transition metal).
- an arbitrary ligand represented by L has the same meaning as an arbitrary ligand capable of coordinating with M in the general formula (1).
- At least one of R 31 to R 37 represents Q.
- the Q represents a ⁇ electron from A or B represented by Q in the general formula (1). Synonymous with a substituent having an acceptable empty orbit.
- the transition metal elements of Group 8 to Group 10 in the periodic table of elements represented by M are the same as those in the general formula (1), where M is Group 8 to 10 in the periodic table of elements. It is synonymous with a group transition metal element (also simply referred to as a transition metal).
- an arbitrary ligand represented by L has the same meaning as an arbitrary ligand capable of coordinating with M in the general formula (1).
- R 51 to R 57 represents Q.
- the Q represents a ⁇ electron from A or B represented by Q in the general formula (1). Synonymous with a substituent having an acceptable empty orbit.
- the transition metal elements of Group 8 to Group 10 in the periodic table of elements represented by M are the same as those in the general formula (1), where M is Group 8 to 10 in the periodic table of elements. It is synonymous with a group transition metal element (also simply referred to as a transition metal).
- an arbitrary ligand represented by L has the same meaning as an arbitrary ligand capable of coordinating with M in the general formula (1).
- the emission wavelength of the exemplified compound was measured as follows. First, an absorption spectrum of the exemplary compound is measured, and an absorption maximum wavelength in the range of 300 nm to 350 nm is set as excitation light.
- the emission wavelength is measured with a fluorometer F-4500 (manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) while performing nitrogen bubbling.
- the solvent that can be used is not limited, but 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane and the like are preferably used from the viewpoint of solubility of the compound.
- the concentration at the time of measurement is preferably sufficiently diluted, and specifically, it is preferably measured in the range of 10 ⁇ 6 mol / L to 10 ⁇ 4 mol / L.
- the temperature at the time of measurement is not particularly limited, but it is generally preferable to set the temperature in the range of room temperature to 77K.
- Anode / light emitting layer / electron transport layer / cathode ii) Anode / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / electron transport layer / cathode (iii) Anode / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / hole blocking layer / electron Transport layer / cathode (iv) Anode / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / cathode buffer layer / cathode (v) Anode / anode buffer layer / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / hole Blocking layer / electron transport layer / cathode buffer layer / cathode (vi) anode // hole transport layer / anode buffer layer / light emitting layer / hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / cathode buffer layer / cathode (vii) anode / anode Buffer layer / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / electron transport layer /
- the electron transport layer is made of a material having a function of transporting electrons, and in a broad sense, an electron injection layer and a hole blocking layer are also included in the electron transport layer.
- the electron transport layer can be provided with a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- An electron transport material (including a hole blocking material and an electron injection material) used for the electron transport layer only needs to have a function of transmitting electrons injected from the cathode to the light emitting layer.
- electron transport materials examples include heterocyclic tetracarboxylic acid anhydrides such as nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyran dioxide derivatives, naphthalene perylene, And azacarbazole derivatives including carbodiimide, fluorenylidenemethane derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and anthrone derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, carboline derivatives, and the like.
- heterocyclic tetracarboxylic acid anhydrides such as nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyran dioxide derivatives, naphthalene perylene, And azacarbazole derivatives including carbodiimide, fluorenylidenemethane derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and anthrone derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, carboline derivatives
- an azacarbazole derivative refers to a compound in which one or more carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring are replaced with nitrogen atoms.
- a thiadiazole derivative in which the oxygen atom of the oxadiazole ring is substituted with a sulfur atom, and a quinoxaline derivative having a quinoxaline ring known as an electron-withdrawing group can also be used as an electron transport material.
- metal complexes of 8-quinolinol derivatives such as tris (8-quinolinol) aluminum (Alq), tris (5,7-dichloro-8-quinolinol) aluminum, tris (5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinol) aluminum Tris (2-methyl-8-quinolinol) aluminum, tris (5-methyl-8-quinolinol) aluminum, bis (8-quinolinol) zinc (Znq), and the like, and the central metals of these metal complexes are In, Mg, Metal complexes replaced with Cu, Ca, Sn, Ga or Pb can also be used as the electron transport material.
- metal-free or metal phthalocyanine or those having terminal ends substituted with an alkyl group or a sulfonic acid group can also be used as the electron transport material.
- inorganic semiconductors such as n-type-Si and n-type-SiC can also be used as the electron transport material.
- the electron transport layer is made of an electron transport material such as a vacuum deposition method, a wet method (also referred to as a wet process, such as a spin coating method, a casting method, a die coating method, a blade coating method, a roll coating method, an ink jet method, a printing method, or a spraying method. It is preferable to form the film by a coating method, a curtain coating method, an LB method (such as Langmuir's Blodgett method)).
- a wet method also referred to as a wet process, such as a spin coating method, a casting method, a die coating method, a blade coating method, a roll coating method, an ink jet method, a printing method, or a spraying method. It is preferable to form the film by a coating method, a curtain coating method, an LB method (such as Langmuir's Blodgett method)).
- the film thickness of the electron transport layer is not particularly limited, but is usually about 5 nm to 5000 nm, preferably 5 nm to 200 nm.
- This electron transport layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above materials.
- an electron transport layer having a high n property doped with impurities examples thereof include JP-A-4-297076, JP-A-10-270172, JP-A-2000-196140, 2001-102175, J.A. Appl. Phys. 95, 5773 (2004), and the like.
- a compound represented by the following general formula (R-1) is more preferably used for forming an electron transport layer of the organic EL device of the present invention.
- Rr represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- Rs represents a substituent, and Rs is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic heterocyclic group, and particularly preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon group or An aromatic heterocyclic group.
- z represents an integer of 1 to 7.
- the alkyl group represented by Rr is the group represented by Q-1, Q-2, Q-3 in general formula (1), and is represented by Ra, Rb, Rc, respectively. It is synonymous with the alkyl group.
- the cycloalkyl group represented by Rr is the group represented by Q-1, Q-2, Q-3 in the general formula (1), and each of Ra, Rb, Rc It is synonymous with the cycloalkyl group represented.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by Rr is a group represented by Ra, Rb, Rc in the group represented by Q-1, Q-2, Q-3 in the general formula (1). These are synonymous with the aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by each.
- the aromatic heterocyclic group represented by Rr is a group represented by Ra, Rb, Rc in the groups represented by Q-1, Q-2, and Q-3 in the general formula (1). Each having the same meaning as the aromatic heterocyclic group.
- the substituent represented by Rs is a 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by A or B in the general formula (1).
- the cyclic group has the same meaning as the substituent which may be further substituted.
- the alkyl group preferably used as Rs is a group represented by Q-1, Q-2, Q-3 in general formula (1), and is represented by Ra, Rb, Rc, respectively. It is synonymous with the alkyl group.
- the cycloalkyl group preferably used as Rs in the general formula (R-1) is a group represented by Q-1, Q-2, or Q-3 in the general formula (1), and each represents Ra, Rb, or Rc. It is synonymous with the cycloalkyl group represented.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group preferably used as Rs is the group represented by Q-1, Q-2, Q-3 in the general formula (1), wherein Ra, Rb, Rc These are synonymous with the aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by each.
- the aromatic heterocyclic group preferably used as Rs is the group represented by Q-1, Q-2, Q-3 in the general formula (1), and Ra, Rb, Rc Each having the same meaning as the aromatic heterocyclic group.
- the light emitting layer according to the present invention is a layer that emits light by recombination of electrons and holes injected from the electrode, the electron transport layer, or the hole transport layer, and the light emitting portion is in the layer of the light emitting layer. May be the interface between the light emitting layer and the adjacent layer.
- the total film thickness of the light emitting layer is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of improving the uniformity of the film, preventing unnecessary application of high voltage during light emission, and improving the stability of the emission color with respect to the drive current. It is preferable to adjust in the range of 2 nm to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 2 nm to 200 nm, and particularly preferably in the range of 5 nm to 100 nm.
- a light emitting dopant or host compound described later is used, for example, a vacuum deposition method, a wet method (also referred to as a wet process, for example, a spin coating method, a casting method, a die coating method, a blade coating method, a roll coating method,
- the film can be formed by an inkjet method, a printing method, a spray coating method, a curtain coating method, an LB method (including Langmuir-Blodgett method)) and the like.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) according to the present invention is used for the light emitting layer, it is preferably produced by a wet process.
- the light emitting layer of the organic EL device of the present invention contains a light emitting dopant (phosphorescent dopant (also referred to as phosphorescent dopant, phosphorescent dopant group) or fluorescent dopant) compound and a light emitting host compound. Is preferred.
- a light emitting dopant phosphorescent dopant (also referred to as phosphorescent dopant, phosphorescent dopant group) or fluorescent dopant) compound and a light emitting host compound. Is preferred.
- Luminescent dopant compound A light-emitting dopant compound (also referred to as a light-emitting dopant) will be described.
- Fluorescent dopants also referred to as fluorescent compounds
- phosphorescent dopants also referred to as phosphorescent emitters, phosphorescent compounds, phosphorescent compounds, etc.
- the luminescent dopant can be used as the luminescent dopant.
- Phosphorescent dopant also called phosphorescent dopant
- the phosphorescent dopant according to the present invention will be described.
- the phosphorescent dopant compound according to the present invention is a compound in which light emission from an excited triplet is observed, specifically, a compound that emits phosphorescence at room temperature (25 ° C.), and has a phosphorescence quantum yield of 25. Although it is defined as a compound of 0.01 or more at ° C., a preferable phosphorescence quantum yield is 0.1 or more.
- the phosphorescent quantum yield can be measured by the method described in Spectroscopic II, page 398 (1992 edition, Maruzen) of the Fourth Edition Experimental Chemistry Course 7. Although the phosphorescence quantum yield in a solution can be measured using various solvents, the phosphorescence dopant according to the present invention achieves the phosphorescence quantum yield (0.01 or more) in any solvent. That's fine.
- the phosphorescent dopant There are two types of light emission of the phosphorescent dopant in principle. One is the recombination of carriers on the host compound to which carriers are transported to generate an excited state of the luminescent host compound, and this energy is used as the phosphorescent dopant.
- the excited state energy of the phosphorescent dopant is required to be lower than the excited state energy of the host compound.
- the luminescent dopant according to the organic EL device of the present invention is represented by any one of the above general formula (1), general formula (2), general formula (3), general formula (4), or general formula (5).
- a compound (metal complex) is contained, the light emitting layer according to the organic EL device of the present invention may be used in combination with compounds described in the following patent publications.
- Fluorescent dopants include coumarin dyes, pyran dyes, cyanine dyes, croconium dyes, squalium dyes, oxobenzanthracene dyes, fluorescein dyes, rhodamine dyes, pyrylium dyes, perylene dyes, stilbene dyes , Polythiophene dyes, rare earth complex phosphors, and the like, and compounds having a high fluorescence quantum yield such as laser dyes.
- the light-emitting dopant according to the present invention may be used in combination of a plurality of types of compounds, or may be a combination of phosphorescent dopants having different structures, or a combination of a phosphorescent dopant and a fluorescent dopant.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1), the general formula (2), the general formula (3), the general formula (4), or the general formula (5) according to the present invention (metal) as the luminescent dopant.
- metal the compound represented by the general formula (1), the general formula (2), the general formula (3), the general formula (4), or the general formula (5) according to the present invention.
- the host compound has a mass ratio of 20% or more among the compounds contained in the light emitting layer, and a phosphorescence quantum yield of phosphorescence emission is 0 at room temperature (25 ° C.). Defined as less than 1 compound.
- the phosphorescence quantum yield is preferably less than 0.01.
- the mass ratio in the layer is 20% or more among the compounds contained in a light emitting layer.
- the light-emitting host that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and compounds conventionally used in organic EL devices can be used.
- a compound that has a hole transporting ability and an electron transporting ability, prevents the emission of light from being increased in wavelength, and has a high Tg (glass transition temperature) is preferable.
- the luminescent host (the compound of the present invention and / or a known luminescent host) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the light emitting host used in the present invention may be a low molecular compound, a high molecular compound having a repeating unit, or a low molecular compound having a polymerizable group such as a vinyl group or an epoxy group (polymerizable light emitting host). Of course, one or more of such compounds may be used.
- the light emitting host of the light emitting layer of the organic EL device of the present invention is a compound represented by the following general formula (6).
- X represents O or S
- Y 1 to Y 3 represent a hydrogen atom, a substituent, or a group represented by the following general formula (D)
- at least one of Y 1 to Y 3 represents the following general formula
- Ar is a carbazolyl group represented by the formula (D) and at least one of the groups represented by the general formula (D).
- L represents a divalent linking group derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring.
- n represents 0 or an integer of 1 to 3, and when n is 2 or more, the plurality of L may be the same or different.
- * represents a linking site with the general formula (1).
- Ar represents a group represented by the following general formula (E).
- X 0 represents N (R), O or S
- E 1 to E 8 represent C (R 1 ) or N
- R and R 1 represent a hydrogen atom, a substituent or a site for linking to L.
- * Represents a linking site with L.
- Y 1 to Y 3 are represented by the general formula (D), and more preferably Y 1 is the general formula (D).
- Ar in the general formula (D) represents a carbazolyl group which may have a substituent, and more preferably Y 1 is represented by the general formula (D) and in the general formula (D).
- Ar represents a carbazolyl group linked to L at the N-position which may have a substituent.
- Y 2 is preferably represented by the general formula (D), and Y 3 is preferably a hydrogen atom.
- the hole transport layer is made of a hole transport material having a function of transporting holes, and in a broad sense, a hole injection layer and an electron blocking layer are also included in the hole transport layer.
- the hole transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the hole transport material has either hole injection or transport or electron barrier properties, and may be either organic or inorganic.
- triazole derivatives for example, triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives and pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, oxazole derivatives, styrylanthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives,
- stilbene derivatives silazane derivatives, aniline copolymers, and conductive polymer oligomers, particularly thiophene oligomers.
- the above-mentioned materials can be used as the hole transport material, but it is preferable to use a porphyrin compound, an aromatic tertiary amine compound and a styrylamine compound, particularly an aromatic tertiary amine compound.
- aromatic tertiary amine compounds and styrylamine compounds include N, N, N ′, N′-tetraphenyl-4,4′-diaminophenyl; N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′— Bis (3-methylphenyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl] -4,4′-diamine (TPD); 2,2-bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) propane; 1,1-bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) cyclohexane; N, N, N ′, N′-tetra-p-tolyl-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl; 1,1-bis (4-di-p-tolyl) Aminophenyl) -4-phenylcyclohexane; bis (4-dimethylamino-2-methylphenyl) phenylmethane; bis (4-di-p-tolylaminoph
- No. 5,061,569 Having a condensed aromatic ring of, for example, 4,4'-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl (NPD), JP-A-4-308 4,4 ′, 4 ′′ -tris [N- (3-methylphenyl) -N-phenylamino] triphenylamine in which three triphenylamine units described in Japanese Patent No. 88 are linked in a starburst type ( MTDATA) and the like.
- NPD 4,4'-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl
- JP-A-4-308 4,4 ′, 4 ′′ -tris [N- (3-methylphenyl) -N-phenylamino] triphenylamine in which three triphenylamine units described in Japanese Patent No. 88 are linked in a starburst type ( MTDATA) and the
- a polymer material in which these materials are introduced into a polymer chain or these materials are used as a polymer main chain can also be used.
- inorganic compounds such as p-type-Si and p-type-SiC can be used as the hole injection material and the hole transport material.
- JP-A-11-251067 J. Org. Huang et. al.
- a so-called p-type hole transport material described in a book (Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), p. 139) can also be used.
- these materials are preferably used because a light-emitting element with higher efficiency can be obtained.
- the hole transport layer can be formed by thinning the hole transport material by a known method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a printing method including an ink jet method, or an LB method. it can.
- the film thickness of the hole transport layer is not particularly limited, but is usually about 5 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 5 nm to 200 nm.
- the hole transport layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above materials.
- a hole transport layer having a high p property doped with impurities examples thereof include JP-A-4-297076, JP-A-2000-196140, JP-A-2001-102175, J. Pat. Appl. Phys. 95, 5773 (2004), and the like.
- a hole transport layer having such a high p property because a device with lower power consumption can be produced.
- ⁇ Blocking layer hole blocking layer, electron blocking layer>
- the blocking layer is provided as necessary in addition to the basic constituent layer of the organic compound thin film as described above. For example, it is described in JP-A Nos. 11-204258 and 11-204359, and “Organic EL elements and their forefront of industrialization” (published by NTT Corporation on November 30, 1998). There is a hole blocking (hole blocking) layer.
- the hole blocking layer has a function of an electron transport layer in a broad sense, and is made of a hole blocking material that has a function of transporting electrons and has a remarkably small ability to transport holes. The probability of recombination of electrons and holes can be improved by blocking.
- the above-described configuration of the electron transport layer can be used as a hole blocking layer according to the present invention, if necessary.
- the hole blocking layer of the organic EL device of the present invention is preferably provided adjacent to the light emitting layer.
- the carbazole derivatives and azacarbazole derivatives mentioned above as the host compounds (where azacarbazole derivatives are those in which one or more carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring are replaced by nitrogen atoms) Preferably).
- the light emitting layer having the shortest wavelength of light emission is preferably closest to the anode among all the light emitting layers.
- 50% by mass or more of the compound contained in the hole blocking layer provided at the position has an ionization potential of 0.3 eV or more larger than the host compound of the shortest wave emitting layer.
- the ionization potential is defined by the energy required to emit electrons at the HOMO (highest occupied orbital) level of the compound to the vacuum level, and can be determined by the following method, for example.
- Gaussian 98 Gaussian 98, Revision A.11.4, MJ Frisch, et al, Gaussian, Inc., Pittsburgh PA, 2002.
- a molecular orbital calculation software manufactured by Gaussian, USA As a value (eV unit converted value) calculated by performing structure optimization using B3LYP / 6-31G *. This calculation value is effective because the correlation between the calculation value obtained by this method and the experimental value is high.
- the ionization potential can also be obtained by a method of directly measuring by photoelectron spectroscopy.
- a low energy electron spectrometer “Model AC-1” manufactured by Riken Keiki Co., Ltd. or a method known as ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy can be suitably used.
- the electron blocking layer has a function of a hole transport layer in a broad sense, and is made of a material that has a function of transporting holes and has an extremely small ability to transport electrons, and transports electrons while transporting holes. By blocking, the recombination probability of electrons and holes can be improved.
- the film thickness of the hole blocking layer and the electron blocking layer according to the present invention is preferably 3 nm to 100 nm, and more preferably 3 nm to 30 nm.
- Injection layer electron injection layer (cathode buffer layer), hole injection layer >> The injection layer is provided as necessary, and there are an electron injection layer and a hole injection layer, and as described above, it exists between the anode and the light emitting layer or the hole transport layer and between the cathode and the light emitting layer or the electron transport layer. May be.
- An injection layer is a layer provided between an electrode and an organic layer in order to reduce drive voltage and improve light emission luminance.
- Organic EL element and its forefront of industrialization (issued by NTT Corporation on November 30, 1998) ) ”, Chapter 2,“ Electrode Materials ”(pages 123 to 166), which has a hole injection layer (anode buffer layer) and an electron injection layer (cathode buffer layer).
- anode buffer layer hole injection layer
- copper phthalocyanine is used.
- examples thereof include a phthalocyanine buffer layer represented by an oxide, an oxide buffer layer represented by vanadium oxide, an amorphous carbon buffer layer, and a polymer buffer layer using a conductive polymer such as polyaniline (emeraldine) or polythiophene.
- cathode buffer layer (electron injection layer) The details of the cathode buffer layer (electron injection layer) are described in JP-A-6-325871, JP-A-9-17574, JP-A-10-74586, and the like. Specifically, strontium, aluminum, etc.
- Metal buffer layer typified by, alkali metal compound buffer layer typified by lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride and potassium fluoride, alkaline earth metal compound buffer layer typified by magnesium fluoride, and aluminum oxide And an oxide buffer layer.
- the buffer layer (injection layer) is preferably a very thin film, and the film thickness is preferably in the range of 0.1 nm to 5 ⁇ m, although it depends on the material.
- the materials used for the anode buffer layer and the cathode buffer layer can be used in combination with other materials.
- they can be mixed in the hole transport layer or the electron transport layer.
- an electrode material made of a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof having a high work function (4 eV or more) is preferably used.
- electrode materials include metals such as Au, and conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO.
- an amorphous material such as IDIXO (In 2 O 3 —ZnO) capable of forming a transparent conductive film may be used.
- these electrode materials may be formed into a thin film by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering, and a pattern having a desired shape may be formed by a photolithography method, or when pattern accuracy is not so high (about 100 ⁇ m or more)
- a pattern may be formed through a mask having a desired shape at the time of vapor deposition or sputtering of the electrode material.
- a wet film forming method such as a printing method or a coating method can be used.
- the transmittance is greater than 10%, and the sheet resistance as the anode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the film thickness depends on the material, it is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 1000 nm, preferably 10 nm to 200 nm.
- cathode a material having a low work function (4 eV or less) metal (referred to as an electron injecting metal), an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, and a mixture thereof as an electrode material is used.
- Electrode materials include sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, magnesium / copper mixture, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) Mixtures, indium, lithium / aluminum mixtures, rare earth metals and the like.
- a mixture of an electron injecting metal and a second metal which is a stable metal having a larger work function than this for example, a magnesium / silver mixture, Magnesium / aluminum mixtures, magnesium / indium mixtures, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) mixtures, lithium / aluminum mixtures, aluminum and the like are preferred.
- the cathode can be produced by forming a thin film of these electrode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the sheet resistance as a cathode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and the film thickness is usually preferably in the range of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 50 nm to 200 nm.
- the emission luminance is improved, which is convenient.
- a transparent or semi-transparent cathode can be produced by producing the conductive transparent material mentioned in the description of the anode on the cathode after producing the metal with a film thickness of 1 nm to 20 nm. By applying this, an element in which both the anode and the cathode are transmissive can be manufactured.
- a support substrate (hereinafter also referred to as a substrate, substrate, substrate, support, etc.) that can be used in the organic EL device of the present invention, there is no particular limitation on the type of glass, plastic, etc., and it is transparent. May be opaque. When extracting light from the support substrate side, the support substrate is preferably transparent.
- the transparent support substrate that can be used include glass, quartz, and a transparent resin film.
- a particularly preferable support substrate is a resin film capable of giving flexibility to the organic EL element.
- polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene, polypropylene, cellophane, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), Cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate phthalate (TAC) and cellulose nitrate or derivatives thereof, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene vinyl alcohol, syndiotactic polystyrene, polycarbonate, norbornene resin, polymethylpentene, polyether ketone, polyimide , Polyethersulfone (PES), polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone , Polyetherimide, polyetherketoneimide, polyamide, fluororesin, nylon, polymethylmethacrylate, acrylic or polyarylates, cyclone resins such as Arton (trade name, manufactured by JSR) or Appel (trade
- an inorganic film, an organic film or a hybrid film of both may be formed on the surface of the resin film.
- the water vapor permeability (25 ⁇ 0.5 ° C.) measured by a method according to JIS K 7129-1992. , Relative humidity (90 ⁇ 2)% RH) is preferably 0.01 g / (m 2 ⁇ 24 h) or less, and further, oxygen measured by a method according to JIS K 7126-1987.
- a high barrier film having a permeability of 10 ⁇ 3 ml / (m 2 ⁇ 24 h ⁇ MPa) or less and a water vapor permeability of 10 ⁇ 5 g / (m 2 ⁇ 24 h) or less is preferable.
- the material for forming the barrier film may be any material that has a function of suppressing the intrusion of elements that cause deterioration of elements such as moisture and oxygen.
- silicon oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, or the like can be used.
- the method for forming the barrier film is not particularly limited.
- the vacuum deposition method, sputtering method, reactive sputtering method, molecular beam epitaxy method, cluster ion beam method, ion plating method, plasma polymerization method, atmospheric pressure plasma weight A combination method, a plasma CVD method, a laser CVD method, a thermal CVD method, a coating method, and the like can be used.
- an atmospheric pressure plasma polymerization method as described in JP-A-2004-68143 is particularly preferable.
- the opaque support substrate examples include metal plates such as aluminum and stainless steel, films, opaque resin substrates, ceramic substrates, and the like.
- the external extraction efficiency at room temperature of light emission of the organic EL element of the present invention is preferably 1% or more, more preferably 5% or more.
- the external extraction quantum efficiency (%) the number of photons emitted to the outside of the organic EL element / the number of electrons sent to the organic EL element ⁇ 100.
- a hue improvement filter such as a color filter may be used in combination, or a color conversion filter that converts the emission color from the organic EL element into multiple colors using a phosphor may be used in combination.
- the ⁇ max of light emission of the organic EL element is preferably 480 nm or less.
- a thin film made of a desired electrode material for example, an anode material, is formed on a suitable substrate so as to have a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably 10 nm to 200 nm, and an anode is manufactured.
- a thin film containing an organic compound such as a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, or a cathode buffer layer, which is an element material, is formed thereon.
- the cathode and the electron transport layer adjacent to the cathode are applied and formed by a wet method.
- Wet methods include spin coating, casting, die coating, blade coating, roll coating, ink jet, printing, spray coating, curtain coating, and LB, but precise thin films can be formed.
- a method having high suitability for a roll-to-roll method such as a die coating method, a roll coating method, an ink jet method, or a spray coating method is preferable. Different film forming methods may be applied for each layer.
- liquid medium for dissolving or dispersing the organic EL material according to the present invention examples include ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone, fatty acid esters such as ethyl acetate, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichlorobenzene, toluene, xylene, and mesitylene.
- ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone
- fatty acid esters such as ethyl acetate
- halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichlorobenzene, toluene, xylene, and mesitylene.
- Aromatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexylbenzene, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, decalin, and dodecane
- organic solvents such as DMF and DMSO
- a dispersion method it can be dispersed by a dispersion method such as ultrasonic wave, high shearing force dispersion or media dispersion.
- a thin film made of a cathode material is formed thereon so as to have a film thickness of 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably in the range of 50 nm to 200 nm, and a desired organic EL device can be obtained by providing a cathode. .
- the cathode, cathode buffer layer, electron transport layer, hole blocking layer, light emitting layer, hole transport layer, hole injection layer, and anode can be formed in the reverse order.
- a DC voltage When a DC voltage is applied to the multicolor display device obtained in this way, light emission can be observed by applying a voltage of about 2V to 40V with the positive polarity of the anode and the negative polarity of the cathode.
- An alternating voltage may be applied.
- the alternating current waveform to be applied may be arbitrary.
- the production of the organic EL device of the present invention is preferably produced from the hole injection layer to the cathode consistently by a single evacuation, but it may be taken out halfway and subjected to different film forming methods. At that time, it is preferable to perform the work in a dry inert gas atmosphere.
- ⁇ Sealing> As a sealing means used for this invention, the method of adhere
- the sealing member may be disposed so as to cover the display area of the organic EL element, and may be a concave plate shape or a flat plate shape. Further, transparency and electrical insulation are not particularly limited.
- Specific examples include a glass plate, a polymer plate / film, and a metal plate / film.
- the glass plate include soda-lime glass, barium / strontium-containing glass, lead glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, barium borosilicate glass, and quartz.
- examples of the polymer plate include polycarbonate, acrylic, polyethylene terephthalate, polyether sulfide, polysulfone and the like.
- examples of the metal plate include those made of one or more metals or alloys selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, iron, copper, aluminum, magnesium, nickel, zinc, chromium, titanium, molybdenum, silicon, germanium, and tantalum.
- a polymer film and a metal film can be preferably used because the element can be thinned.
- the polymer film has an oxygen permeability of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 ml / (m 2 ⁇ 24 h ⁇ MPa) or less measured by a method according to JIS K 7126-1987, and a method according to JIS K 7129-1992. It is preferable that the water vapor permeability (25 ⁇ 0.5 ° C., relative humidity (90 ⁇ 2)% RH) measured in (1) is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 g / (m 2 ⁇ 24 h) or less.
- sealing member For processing the sealing member into a concave shape, sandblasting, chemical etching, or the like is used.
- the adhesive include photocuring and thermosetting adhesives having reactive vinyl groups of acrylic acid oligomers and methacrylic acid oligomers, and moisture curing adhesives such as 2-cyanoacrylates. be able to.
- hot-melt type polyamide, polyester, and polyolefin can be mentioned.
- a cationic curing type ultraviolet curing epoxy resin adhesive can be mentioned.
- an organic EL element may deteriorate with heat processing, what can be adhesively cured from room temperature to 80 degreeC is preferable.
- a desiccant may be dispersed in the adhesive.
- coating of the adhesive agent to a sealing part may use commercially available dispenser, and may print like screen printing.
- the electrode and the organic layer are coated on the outside of the electrode facing the support substrate with the organic layer interposed therebetween, and an inorganic or organic layer is formed in contact with the support substrate to form a sealing film.
- the material for forming the film may be a material having a function of suppressing intrusion of elements that cause deterioration of elements such as moisture and oxygen.
- silicon oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, or the like may be used. it can.
- the method for forming these films is not particularly limited.
- a polymerization method, a plasma CVD method, a laser CVD method, a thermal CVD method, a coating method, or the like can be used.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon, or an inert liquid such as fluorinated hydrocarbon or silicon oil can be injected in the gas phase and liquid phase.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon, or an inert liquid such as fluorinated hydrocarbon or silicon oil
- a vacuum is also possible.
- a hygroscopic compound can also be enclosed inside.
- hygroscopic compound examples include metal oxides (for example, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide) and sulfates (for example, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, cobalt sulfate).
- metal oxides for example, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide
- sulfates for example, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, cobalt sulfate.
- metal halides eg calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, cesium fluoride, tantalum fluoride, cerium bromide, magnesium bromide, barium iodide, magnesium iodide etc.
- perchloric acids eg perchloric acid Barium, magnesium perchlorate, etc.
- anhydrous salts are preferably used in sulfates, metal halides and perchloric acids.
- a protective film or a protective plate may be provided on the outer side of the sealing film on the side facing the support substrate with the organic layer interposed therebetween or on the sealing film.
- the mechanical strength is not necessarily high, and thus it is preferable to provide such a protective film and a protective plate.
- the same glass plate, polymer plate / film, metal plate / film, and the like used for the sealing can be used, but the polymer film is light and thin. Is preferably used.
- the organic EL element emits light inside a layer having a refractive index higher than that of air (refractive index is about 1.7 to 2.1) and can extract only about 15% to 20% of the light generated in the light emitting layer. It is generally said. This is because light incident on the interface (interface between the transparent substrate and air) at an angle ⁇ greater than the critical angle causes total reflection and cannot be taken out of the device, or between the transparent electrode or light emitting layer and the transparent substrate. This is because the light is totally reflected between the light and the light is guided through the transparent electrode or the light emitting layer, and as a result, the light escapes in the direction of the element side surface.
- a method of improving the light extraction efficiency for example, a method of forming irregularities on the surface of the transparent substrate and preventing total reflection at the transparent substrate and the air interface (US Pat. No. 4,774,435), A method for improving efficiency by giving light condensing property to a substrate (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-314795), a method of forming a reflective surface on the side surface of an element (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-220394), and light emission from the substrate A method of forming an antireflection film by introducing a flat layer having an intermediate refractive index between the bodies (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
- these methods can be used in combination with the organic EL device of the present invention.
- a method of introducing a flat layer having a lower refractive index than the substrate between the substrate and the light emitter, or a substrate, transparent A method of forming a diffraction grating between any layers of the electrode layer and the light emitting layer (including between the substrate and the outside) can be suitably used.
- the low refractive index layer examples include aerogel, porous silica, magnesium fluoride, and a fluorine-based polymer. Since the refractive index of the transparent substrate is generally about 1.5 to 1.7, the low refractive index layer preferably has a refractive index of about 1.5 or less. Further, it is preferably 1.35 or less.
- the thickness of the low refractive index medium is preferably at least twice the wavelength in the medium. This is because the effect of the low refractive index layer is diminished when the thickness of the low refractive index medium is about the wavelength of light and the electromagnetic wave that has exuded by evanescent enters the substrate.
- the method of introducing a diffraction grating into an interface or any medium that causes total reflection is characterized by a high effect of improving light extraction efficiency.
- This method uses the property that the diffraction grating can change the direction of light to a specific direction different from refraction by so-called Bragg diffraction such as first-order diffraction and second-order diffraction.
- Light that cannot be emitted due to total internal reflection between layers is diffracted by introducing a diffraction grating in any layer or medium (in a transparent substrate or transparent electrode), and the light is removed. I want to take it out.
- the diffraction grating to be introduced has a two-dimensional periodic refractive index. This is because light emitted from the light-emitting layer is randomly generated in all directions, so in a general one-dimensional diffraction grating having a periodic refractive index distribution only in a certain direction, only light traveling in a specific direction is diffracted. Therefore, the light extraction efficiency does not increase so much.
- the refractive index distribution a two-dimensional distribution
- the light traveling in all directions is diffracted, and the light extraction efficiency is increased.
- the position where the diffraction grating is introduced may be in any of the layers or in the medium (in the transparent substrate or the transparent electrode), but is preferably in the vicinity of the organic light emitting layer where light is generated.
- the period of the diffraction grating is preferably about 1/2 to 3 times the wavelength of light in the medium.
- the arrangement of the diffraction grating is preferably two-dimensionally repeated such as a square lattice, a triangular lattice, or a honeycomb lattice.
- the organic EL device of the present invention is processed on the light extraction side of the substrate so as to provide, for example, a microlens array structure, or combined with a so-called condensing sheet, for example, with respect to a specific direction, for example, the device light emitting surface.
- a specific direction for example, the device light emitting surface.
- a quadrangular pyramid having a side of 30 ⁇ m and an apex angle of 90 degrees is arranged two-dimensionally on the light extraction side of the substrate.
- One side is preferably 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m. If it becomes smaller than this, the effect of diffraction will generate
- the condensing sheet it is possible to use, for example, a sheet that has been put to practical use in an LED backlight of a liquid crystal display device.
- a brightness enhancement film (BEF) manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Limited can be used.
- the base material may be formed by forming a ⁇ -shaped stripe having a vertex angle of 90 degrees and a pitch of 50 ⁇ m, or the vertex angle is rounded and the pitch is changed randomly. Other shapes may be used.
- a light diffusion plate / film may be used in combination with the light collecting sheet.
- a diffusion film (light-up) manufactured by Kimoto Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the organic EL element of the present invention can be used as a display device, a display, and various light emission sources.
- lighting devices home lighting, interior lighting
- clock and liquid crystal backlights billboard advertisements, traffic lights, light sources of optical storage media, light sources of electrophotographic copying machines, light sources of optical communication processors, light
- the light source of a sensor etc. are mentioned, It is not limited to this, It can use effectively for the use as a backlight of a liquid crystal display device, and an illumination light source especially.
- patterning may be performed by a metal mask, an ink jet printing method, or the like during film formation, if necessary.
- patterning only the electrode may be patterned, the electrode and the light emitting layer may be patterned, or the entire layer of the element may be patterned.
- a conventionally known method is used. Can do.
- the light emission color of the organic EL device of the present invention and the compound according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 4.16 on page 108 of “New Color Science Handbook” (edited by the Japan Color Society, University of Tokyo Press, 1985). It is determined by the color when the result measured with a total of CS-1000 (manufactured by Konica Minolta Sensing Co., Ltd.) is applied to the CIE chromaticity coordinates.
- the display device of the present invention comprises the organic EL element of the present invention.
- the display device of the present invention may be single color or multicolor, but here, the multicolor display device will be described.
- a shadow mask is provided only at the time of forming a light emitting layer, and a film can be formed on one surface by vapor deposition, casting, spin coating, ink jet, printing, or the like.
- the method is not limited, but is preferably a vapor deposition method, an inkjet method, a spin coating method, or a printing method.
- the configuration of the organic EL element included in the display device is selected from the above-described configuration examples of the organic EL element as necessary. Moreover, the manufacturing method of an organic EL element is as having shown to the one aspect
- the alternating current waveform to be applied may be arbitrary.
- the multicolor display device can be used as a display device, a display, and various light sources.
- a display device or display full-color display is possible by using three types of organic EL elements of blue, red, and green light emission.
- Display devices and displays include televisions, personal computers, mobile devices, AV devices, teletext displays, information displays in automobiles, and the like. In particular, it may be used as a display device for reproducing still images and moving images, and the driving method when used as a display device for reproducing moving images may be either a simple matrix (passive matrix) method or an active matrix method.
- Light sources include home lighting, interior lighting, clock and liquid crystal backlights, billboard advertisements, traffic lights, light sources for optical storage media, light sources for electrophotographic copying machines, light sources for optical communication processors, light sources for optical sensors, etc.
- the present invention is not limited to these examples.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a display device composed of organic EL elements. It is a schematic diagram of a display such as a mobile phone that displays image information by light emission of an organic EL element.
- the display 1 includes a display unit A having a plurality of pixels, a control unit B that performs image scanning of the display unit A based on image information, and the like.
- the control unit B is electrically connected to the display unit A, and sends a scanning signal and an image data signal to each of a plurality of pixels based on image information from the outside, and the pixels for each scanning line respond to the image data signal by the scanning signal.
- the image information is sequentially emitted to scan the image and display the image information on the display unit A.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the display unit A.
- the display unit A includes a wiring unit including a plurality of scanning lines 5 and data lines 6, a plurality of pixels 3 and the like on a substrate.
- the main members of the display unit A will be described below.
- the light emitted from the pixel 3 is extracted in the direction of the white arrow (downward).
- the scanning line 5 and the plurality of data lines 6 in the wiring portion are each made of a conductive material, and the scanning lines 5 and the data lines 6 are orthogonal to each other in a grid pattern and are connected to the pixels 3 at the orthogonal positions (details are illustrated). Not)
- the pixel 3 When the scanning signal is applied from the scanning line 5, the pixel 3 receives the image data signal from the data line 6 and emits light according to the received image data.
- a full color display can be achieved by appropriately arranging pixels in the red region, the green region, and the blue region on the same substrate.
- the lighting device of the present invention will be described.
- the illuminating device of this invention has the said organic EL element.
- the organic EL element of the present invention may be used as an organic EL element having a resonator structure.
- the purpose of use of the organic EL element having such a resonator structure is as follows.
- the light source of a machine, the light source of an optical communication processing machine, the light source of a photosensor, etc. are mentioned, However It is not limited to these.
- the organic EL element of the present invention may be used as a kind of lamp for illumination or exposure light source, a projection device for projecting an image, or a type for directly viewing a still image or a moving image. It may be used as a display device (display).
- the drive method when used as a display device for moving image reproduction may be either a simple matrix (passive matrix) method or an active matrix method.
- a full color display device can be produced by using two or more organic EL elements of the present invention having different emission colors.
- the organic EL material of the present invention can be applied to an organic EL element that emits substantially white light as a lighting device.
- a plurality of light emitting colors are simultaneously emitted by a plurality of light emitting materials to obtain white light emission by color mixing.
- the combination of a plurality of emission colors may include three emission maximum wavelengths of three primary colors of blue, green, and blue, or two using the relationship of complementary colors such as blue and yellow, blue green and orange, etc. The thing containing the light emission maximum wavelength may be used.
- a combination of light emitting materials for obtaining a plurality of emission colors is a combination of a plurality of phosphorescent or fluorescent materials, a light emitting material that emits fluorescence or phosphorescence, and light from the light emitting material as excitation light. Any of those combined with a dye material that emits light may be used, but in the white organic EL device according to the present invention, only a combination of a plurality of light-emitting dopants may be mixed.
- an electrode film can be formed by a vapor deposition method, a cast method, a spin coating method, an ink jet method, a printing method, or the like, and productivity is also improved.
- the elements themselves are luminescent white.
- luminescent material used for a light emitting layer For example, if it is a backlight in a liquid crystal display element, the metal complex which concerns on this invention so that it may suit the wavelength range corresponding to CF (color filter) characteristic, Any one of known luminescent materials may be selected and combined to whiten.
- CF color filter
- the non-light emitting surface of the organic EL device of the present invention is covered with a glass case, a glass substrate having a thickness of 300 ⁇ m is used as a sealing substrate, and an epoxy-based photocurable adhesive (LUX TRACK manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.) is used as a sealing material.
- LC0629B is applied, and this is overlaid on the cathode to be in close contact with the transparent support substrate, irradiated with UV light from the glass substrate side, cured and sealed, and as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. Can be formed.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of the lighting device, and the organic EL element 101 of the present invention is covered with a glass cover 102 (in the sealing operation with the glass cover, the organic EL element 101 is brought into contact with the atmosphere. And a glove box under a nitrogen atmosphere (in an atmosphere of high-purity nitrogen gas having a purity of 99.999% or more).
- FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the lighting device.
- 105 denotes a cathode
- 106 denotes an organic EL layer
- 107 denotes a glass substrate with a transparent electrode.
- the glass cover 102 is filled with nitrogen gas 108 and a water catching agent 109 is provided.
- Example 1 Synthesis of Exemplified Compound 2-3 >> Exemplified compound 2-3, which is an example of the compound according to general formula (1) of the present invention, was synthesized by the following steps (1) to (3).
- Step (1) Synthesis of dichlorodimer (A) 2- (3- (dimethylboryl) phenyl) -1-mesityl-1H-imidazole 2.5 g (0.004987 mol), iridium (III) chloride trihydrate 0 .69 g (0.001959 mol), 30 ml of 2-ethoxyethanol and 10 ml of pure water were added to the reaction vessel, and the mixture was heated to reflux for 36 hours with nitrogen bubbling. After cooling the reaction solution, the obtained crystals were filtered off, washed with methanol and dried to obtain 2.44 g (yield 75.6%) of the desired dichlorodimer (A).
- Step (2) Synthesis of acetylacetonate complex (B).
- Step (3) Synthesis of Exemplified Compound 2-3 1.5 g (0.001145 mol) of acetylacetonato complex (2), 2- (3- (dimethylboryl) phenyl) -1-mesityl-1H-imidazole 1.75 g (0.003434 mol) and 45 ml of glycerin were added to the reaction vessel, heated while carrying out nitrogen bubbling, and reacted at an internal temperature of 150 ° C. for 3 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was cooled, and the crystal obtained after diluting the reaction solution with methanol was filtered off. The crystals were thoroughly washed with methanol and dried, and then purified by flash column chromatography (ethyl acetate / toluene) to obtain 1.23 g (62.3%) of the target Compound 2-3.
- 2- (3- (dimethylboryl) phenyl) -1-mesityl-1H-imidazole 1.75 g (0.003434 mol) and 45
- the structure of the obtained exemplary compound 2-3 was confirmed by measuring the NMR spectrum and the MASS spectrum.
- Example 2 Production of Organic EL Element 1-1 >> Transparent support provided with this ITO transparent electrode after patterning on a substrate (NH45 manufactured by NH Techno Glass Co., Ltd.) formed by depositing 100 nm of ITO (indium tin oxide) on a glass substrate of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm ⁇ 1.1 mm as an anode The substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with isopropyl alcohol, dried with dry nitrogen gas, and subjected to UV ozone cleaning for 5 minutes.
- a substrate NH45 manufactured by NH Techno Glass Co., Ltd.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- This transparent support substrate was fixed to a substrate holder of a commercially available vacuum evaporation apparatus. Meanwhile, 200 mg of ⁇ -NPD was put in a molybdenum resistance heating boat, and 200 mg of HOST-14 as a host compound was put in another molybdenum resistance heating boat. 200 mg of BAlq was put into another resistance heating boat made of molybdenum, 100 mg of D-9 was put into another resistance heating boat made of molybdenum, and 200 mg of Alq 3 was put into another resistance heating boat made of molybdenum, and attached to a vacuum deposition apparatus.
- the pressure in the vacuum chamber was reduced to 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa, and the heating boat containing ⁇ -NPD was energized and heated, and deposited on the transparent support substrate at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second.
- the hole transport layer was provided.
- the heating boat containing HOST-14 and D-9 is energized and heated, and co-deposited on the hole transport layer at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second and 0.012 nm / second, respectively.
- a light emitting layer having a thickness of 40 nm was provided.
- the substrate temperature at the time of vapor deposition was room temperature.
- the heating boat containing BAlq was energized and heated, and deposited on the light emitting layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second to provide a 10 nm thick hole blocking layer.
- the heating boat containing Alq 3 is further energized and heated, and deposited on the hole blocking layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second to further provide an electron transport layer having a thickness of 40 nm. It was.
- the substrate temperature at the time of vapor deposition was room temperature.
- lithium fluoride 0.5 nm and aluminum 110 nm were vapor-deposited to form a cathode, and an organic EL element 1-1 was produced.
- each organic EL element 1-1 after fabrication is covered with a glass case, a 300 ⁇ m thick glass substrate is used as a sealing substrate, and an epoxy photo-curing adhesive (Toagosei Co., Ltd.) is used as a sealing material.
- LUX TRACK LC0629B manufactured by the company was applied, and this was overlaid on the cathode and brought into close contact with the transparent support substrate, irradiated with UV light from the glass substrate side, cured and sealed, and FIG. A lighting device as shown in Fig. 4 was formed and evaluated.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the lighting device, in which the organic EL element 101 is covered with a glass cover 102 (note that the sealing operation with the glass cover is performed without bringing the organic EL element 101 into contact with the atmosphere. (It was performed in a glove box under an atmosphere (under an atmosphere of high-purity nitrogen gas having a purity of 99.999% or more)).
- FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the lighting device.
- 105 denotes a cathode
- 106 denotes an organic EL layer
- 107 denotes a glass substrate with a transparent electrode.
- the glass cover 102 is filled with nitrogen gas 108 and a water catching agent 109 is provided.
- Organic EL elements 1-2 to 1-7 were prepared in the same manner as in the production of the organic EL element 1-1 except that the light emitting host and the light emitting dopant material were changed as shown in Table 2.
- the organic EL device continuously emitted light at room temperature under a constant current condition of 2.5 mA / cm 2 , and the time ( ⁇ 1 / 2) required to obtain half the initial luminance was measured.
- the light emission lifetime is expressed as a relative value where the organic EL element 6-1 is set to 100.
- the initial driving voltage when the organic EL element was driven at a constant current with a current giving an initial luminance of 1000 cd / m 2 was measured.
- the initial drive voltage is displayed as a relative value when the comparative organic EL element 1-1 is set to 100.
- the organic EL device of the present invention has a longer lifetime than the comparative device. Further, it can be seen that these devices have a low initial drive voltage and suppress the generation of dark spots.
- the external extraction efficiency (the measurement method described below is compared with the element 1-3). (Shown) was found to improve to 1.4 times. This is presumably because the hole transport property was greatly enhanced by the interaction between ⁇ -NPD and the light-emitting dopant 2-3.
- Example 3 Preparation of organic EL element 2-1 >> This ITO transparent electrode was provided after patterning was performed on a substrate (NA-45 manufactured by NH Techno Glass Co., Ltd.) formed by depositing 100 nm of ITO (indium tin oxide) on a 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm ⁇ 1.1 mm glass substrate as an anode.
- the transparent support substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with isopropyl alcohol, dried with dry nitrogen gas, and subjected to UV ozone cleaning for 5 minutes.
- This substrate was transferred to a nitrogen atmosphere, and on the hole transport layer, a solution of 3 mg of the hole transport material 1 and 40 mg of the hole transport material 2 dissolved in 10 ml of toluene was added at 1500 rpm for 30 seconds. A thin film was formed by spin coating on the transport layer. Further, ultraviolet light was irradiated for 180 seconds to carry out photopolymerization and crosslinking, thereby forming a second hole transport layer having a thickness of about 20 nm.
- a thin film was formed by spin coating using a solution of 100 mg HOST-9 and 10 mg comparative compound 1 dissolved in 10 ml toluene at 600 rpm for 30 seconds. It vacuum-dried at 60 degreeC for 1 hour, and was set as the light emitting layer with a film thickness of about 70 nm.
- a thin film was formed on the light emitting layer by spin coating using a solution obtained by dissolving 50 mg of ET-40 in 10 ml of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) at 1000 rpm for 30 seconds. Furthermore, it vacuum-dried at 60 degreeC for 1 hour, and was set as the electron carrying layer with a film thickness of about 30 nm.
- HFIP hexafluoroisopropanol
- this substrate was fixed to a substrate holder of a vacuum evaporation apparatus, and after the vacuum chamber was depressurized to 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa, lithium fluoride was deposited to 0.4 nm and aluminum was further deposited to 110 nm as a cathode buffer layer.
- a cathode was formed to produce an organic EL element 2-1.
- Organic EL devices 2-2 to 2-8 were prepared in the same manner as in the manufacture of organic EL device 2-1, except that HOST-9, comparative compound 1 and ET-40 were changed to the compounds shown in Table 3. .
- the light emission lifetime was evaluated by the same method as in Example 1.
- the light emission lifetime of the organic EL element 2-1 was expressed as a relative value set to 100.
- the power efficiency is expressed as a relative value where the power efficiency of the organic EL element 3-1 is set to 100.
- the above evaluation results are shown in Table 3.
- the organic EL device of the present invention has a longer light emission lifetime and higher power efficiency than the comparative device.
- Example 4 Preparation of organic EL element 3-1 >> This ITO transparent electrode was provided after patterning was performed on a substrate (NA-45 manufactured by NH Techno Glass Co., Ltd.) formed by depositing 100 nm of ITO (indium tin oxide) on a 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm ⁇ 1.1 mm glass substrate as an anode.
- the transparent support substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with isopropyl alcohol, dried with dry nitrogen gas, and subjected to UV ozone cleaning for 5 minutes.
- the substrate was transferred to a nitrogen atmosphere, and a solution of 50 mg of commercially available ADS254BE (American Dye Source, Inc.) dissolved in 10 ml of toluene was spin-coated on the hole transport layer at 2500 rpm for 30 seconds, and a thin film was formed. Formed. It vacuum-dried at 60 degreeC for 1 hour, and formed the 2nd positive hole transport layer.
- ADS254BE American Dye Source, Inc.
- a thin film was formed on this light emitting layer by spin coating using a solution of 50 mg of ET-10 dissolved in 10 ml of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) at 1500 rpm for 30 seconds. Furthermore, it vacuum-dried at 60 degreeC for 1 hour, and was set as the electron carrying layer with a film thickness of about 20 nm.
- HFIP hexafluoroisopropanol
- this substrate was fixed to a substrate holder of a vacuum deposition apparatus, the vacuum chamber was depressurized to 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa, lithium fluoride 0.4 nm was deposited as a cathode buffer layer, and aluminum was deposited 110 nm as a cathode.
- a cathode was formed to produce an organic EL element 3-1.
- Organic EL elements 3-2 to 3-7 were prepared in the same manner as in the production of the organic EL element 3-1, except that the comparative dopant 2 was changed to the compounds shown in Table 4.
- CS-1000 manufactured by Konica Minolta Sensing
- the external extraction quantum efficiency was expressed as a relative value where the organic EL element 2-1 was 100.
- the light emission lifetime was evaluated by the same method as in Example 1.
- the light emission lifetime of the organic EL element 3-1 was expressed as a relative value set to 100.
- the organic EL device of the present invention has a high external extraction quantum efficiency and a longer emission lifetime than the comparative device.
- Example 5 Preparation of organic EL element 4-1 >> Transparent support provided with this ITO transparent electrode after patterning on a substrate (NH45 manufactured by NH Techno Glass Co., Ltd.) formed by depositing 100 nm of ITO (indium tin oxide) on a glass substrate of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm ⁇ 1.1 mm as an anode The substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with isopropyl alcohol, dried with dry nitrogen gas, and subjected to UV ozone cleaning for 5 minutes.
- a substrate NH45 manufactured by NH Techno Glass Co., Ltd.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- This transparent support substrate is fixed to a substrate holder of a commercially available vacuum deposition apparatus, while 200 mg of ⁇ -NPD is put in a molybdenum resistance heating boat, and 200 mg of 1 as a host compound is put in another molybdenum resistance heating boat.
- 200 mg of ET-11 was placed in a resistance heating boat made of molybdenum
- 100 mg of Comparative Compound 1 was placed in another resistance heating boat made of molybdenum, and attached to a vacuum evaporation apparatus.
- the pressure in the vacuum chamber was reduced to 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa, and the heating boat containing ⁇ -NPD was energized and heated, and deposited on the transparent support substrate at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second.
- the hole transport layer was provided.
- the heating boat containing 1 and the comparative compound 1 was energized and heated, and co-deposited on the hole transport layer at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second and 0.012 nm / second, respectively, to obtain a film thickness of 40 nm.
- the light emitting layer was provided.
- the substrate temperature at the time of vapor deposition was room temperature.
- the heating boat containing ET-11 was energized and heated, and was deposited on the light emitting layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second to provide a hole blocking layer / electron transport layer having a thickness of 40 nm.
- the substrate temperature at the time of vapor deposition was room temperature.
- lithium fluoride 2.0 nm and aluminum 110 nm were vapor-deposited to form a cathode, and an organic EL element 4-1 was produced.
- Organic EL elements 4-2 to 4-7 were prepared in the same manner as in the production of the organic EL element 4-1, except that the comparative dopant 2 and the light-emitting host 1 were changed to the compounds shown in Table 5.
- organic EL elements 4-1 to 4-7 were evaluated in the same manner as in the evaluation of the organic EL element of Example 1, and a lighting device as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 was formed. And evaluated.
- the external extraction quantum efficiency was expressed as a relative value with the organic EL element 4-1 being 100.
- the organic EL device of the present invention has a high external extraction quantum efficiency and a low increase rate of the driving voltage as compared with the comparative device.
- Example 6 Provide of full-color display device> (Production of blue light emitting element)
- the organic EL element 4-3 of Example 4 was used as a blue light emitting element.
- a green light emitting device was produced in the same manner as in the organic EL device 4-1 of Example 4, except that the comparative compound 1 was changed to D-1, and this was used as the green light emitting device.
- a red light emitting device was produced in the same manner as in the organic EL device 4-1 of Example 4, except that the comparative compound 1 was changed to D-10, and this was used as a red light emitting device.
- the red, green, and blue light emitting organic EL elements produced above were juxtaposed on the same substrate to produce an active matrix type full color display device having a configuration as shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, only the schematic diagram of the display part A of the produced display device is shown.
- a plurality of pixels 3 (light emission color is a red region pixel, a green region pixel, a blue region pixel, etc.) juxtaposed with a wiring portion including a plurality of scanning lines 5 and data lines 6 on the same substrate.
- the scanning lines 5 and the plurality of data lines 6 in the wiring portion are each made of a conductive material, and the scanning lines 5 and the data lines 6 are orthogonal to each other in a lattice shape and are connected to the pixels 3 at the orthogonal positions (for details, see FIG. Not shown).
- the plurality of pixels 3 are driven by an active matrix system provided with an organic EL element corresponding to each emission color, a switching transistor as an active element, and a driving transistor, and a scanning signal is applied from a scanning line 5.
- the image data signal is received from the data line 6 and light is emitted according to the received image data. In this way, a full color display device was produced by appropriately juxtaposing red, green, and blue pixels.
- Example 7 Preparation of white light emitting element and white lighting device >> The electrode of the transparent electrode substrate of Example 1 was patterned to 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm, and ⁇ -NPD was formed as a hole injecting / transporting layer with a thickness of 25 nm thereon as in Example 1, and HOST- A heating boat containing 25, a boat containing Exemplified Compound 2-5, and a boat containing D-6 are energized independently, and HOST-25 as a luminescent host, Exemplified Compound 2-5 as a luminescent dopant, and The vapor deposition rate of D-6 was adjusted to 100: 5: 0.6, vapor deposition was performed to a thickness of 30 nm, and a light emitting layer was provided.
- Example 2 a square perforated mask having the same shape as the transparent electrode made of stainless steel was placed on the electron injection layer, and lithium fluoride 0.5 nm was used as the cathode buffer layer and aluminum 150 nm was used as the cathode. Vapor deposition and film formation were performed.
- This device was equipped with a sealing can having the same method and the same structure as in Example 1, and a flat lamp as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 was produced. When this flat lamp was energized, almost white light was obtained, and it was found that it could be used as a lighting device.
- Example 8 Preparation of white organic EL element >> Transparent support provided with this ITO transparent electrode after patterning on a substrate (NH45 manufactured by NH Techno Glass Co., Ltd.) formed by depositing 100 nm of ITO (indium tin oxide) on a glass substrate of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm ⁇ 1.1 mm as an anode The substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with isopropyl alcohol, dried with dry nitrogen gas, and subjected to UV ozone cleaning for 5 minutes.
- a substrate NH45 manufactured by NH Techno Glass Co., Ltd.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- the substrate was transferred to a nitrogen atmosphere, and a solution of 50 mg of commercially available ADS254BE (American Dye Source, Inc.) dissolved in 10 ml of toluene was spin-coated on the hole transport layer at 2500 rpm for 30 seconds, and a thin film was formed. Formed. It vacuum-dried at 60 degreeC for 1 hour, and formed the 2nd positive hole transport layer.
- ADS254BE American Dye Source, Inc.
- the spin coating method is performed at 1000 rpm for 30 seconds. A film was formed. It vacuum-dried at 60 degreeC for 1 hour, and was set as the light emitting layer.
- a film was formed by spin coating under the condition of 2000 rpm for 30 seconds, and then vacuum-dried at 60 ° C. for 1 hour. It was set as the electron carrying layer.
- this substrate was fixed to a substrate holder of a vacuum vapor deposition apparatus, 200 mg of ET-7 was placed in a molybdenum resistance heating boat, and attached to the vacuum vapor deposition apparatus.
- the energized heating boat containing ET-7 was energized and heated, and deposited on the electron transport layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second.
- a second electron transport layer having a thickness of 20 nm was provided.
- the substrate temperature at the time of vapor deposition was room temperature.
- lithium fluoride 0.5 nm and aluminum 110 nm were deposited to form a cathode, and an organic EL device was produced.
- This device was equipped with a sealing can having the same method and the same structure as in Example 1, and a flat lamp as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 was produced. When this flat lamp was energized, almost white light was obtained, and it was found that it could be used as a lighting device.
- Example 9 Preparation of organic EL element 8-1 >> An organic EL element 8-1 was produced in the same manner as in the production of the organic EL element 3-1 of Example 3, except that the comparative compound 2 was changed to the comparative compound 7.
- the obtained organic EL elements 8-1 to 8-5 were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 3. As a result, compared to the comparative organic EL element 8-1, the organic EL elements 8-2 to 8- No. 5, a long emission lifetime was observed.
- the present invention is a technique that can also be applied to Pt complexes.
- Example 10 Preparation of organic EL element 9-1 >> The light emitting layer material (HOST-9 and Comparative Compound 1) of the organic EL device 2-1 of Example 2 was replaced with HOST-38 and Exemplary Compound 4-11, and after forming a thin film by spin coating as in Example 2, Ultraviolet rays were irradiated for 60 seconds, and a host and a dopant were used as a network polymer.
- HOST-9 and Comparative Compound 1 The light emitting layer material of the organic EL device 2-1 of Example 2 was replaced with HOST-38 and Exemplary Compound 4-11, and after forming a thin film by spin coating as in Example 2, Ultraviolet rays were irradiated for 60 seconds, and a host and a dopant were used as a network polymer.
- Example 2-1 Thereafter, the sealing was performed in the same manner as in Example 2-1, and an organic EL element 9-1 was produced.
- Example 11 Preparation of organic EL elements 10-1 to 10-3 >> In the production of the organic EL element 1-1 of Example 1, the organic EL elements 10-1, 10 and 10 were similarly prepared except that the comparative compound 2 was replaced with carbene complexes of the exemplified compounds 5-1, 5-5 and 5-7. -2 and 10-3 were produced.
- the obtained organic EL devices 10-1 to 10-3 all have high light-emitting properties, and it can be seen that the organic EL device of the present invention produced using a carbene complex is excellent in device characteristics.
Abstract
Description
2.前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が下記一般式(2)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする前記1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス材料。
3.前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(3)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする前記1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス材料。
4.前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が下記一般式(4)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする前記1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス材料。
5.前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が下記一般式(5)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする前記1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス材料。
6.前記一般式(2)で表される化合物のR15~R16の少なくとも1つが前記Qであることを特徴とする前記2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス材料。
20.前記Qが、Q-1-1~Q-1-10からなる置換基群から選択される少なくともひとつを表すことを特徴とする前記19に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス材料。
21.前記1に記載の一般式(1)で表される化合物、前記2に記載の一般式(2)で表される化合物、前記3に記載の一般式(3)で表される化合物、前記4に記載の一般式(4)で表される化合物または前記5に記載の一般式(5)で表される化合物のMが、白金またはイリジウムであることを特徴とする前記1~20のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス材料。
該発光層が前記1に記載の一般式(1)で表される化合物を少なくとも1種含有する有機層を有することを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
本発明の有機EL素子材料について説明する。
本発明に係る電荷輸送層について説明する。
本発明に係る一般式(1)で表される化合物について説明する。
Q-1、Q-2、Q-3で表される基において、Ar1、Ar2で各々表わされる芳香族炭化水素環基としては、例えば、フェニル基、p-クロロフェニル基、メシチル基、トリル基、キシリル基、ナフチル基、アントリル基、アズレニル基、アセナフテニル基、フルオレニル基、フェナントリル基、インデニル基、ピレニル基、ビフェニリル基等が挙げられる。
Q-1-1~Q-1-10で各々表される基において、Ar1、Ar2で各々表される芳香族炭化水素環基は、上記Q-1、Q-2、Q-3で表される基において、Ar1、Ar2で各々表わされる芳香族炭化水素環基と同義である。
一般式(2)で表される化合物について説明する。
一般式(A)において、ZはYと共に、6員の芳香族炭化水素環、6員の芳香族複素環、5員の芳香族複素環または5員の複素環を各々形成するのに必要な原子群を表し、Yは窒素原子または炭素原子を表す。*は結合部位を表す。nは0~4の整数を表す。
本発明に係る立体パラメータ値(Es値は、化学反応性より誘導された立体パラメータであり、この値が小さければ小さいほど立体的に嵩高い置換基ということができる。
X-CH2COORX+H2O→X-CH2COOH+RXOH
で表される、酢酸のメチル基の水素原子1つを置換基Xで置換したα位モノ置換酢酸から誘導されるα位モノ置換酢酸エステルを酸性条件下で加水分解する際の反応速度定数kXと、次の化学反応式
CH3COORY+H2O→CH3COOH+RYOH(RXはRYと同一)
で表される、上記のα位モノ置換酢酸エステルに対応する酢酸エステルを酸性条件下で加水分解する際の反応速度定数kHから次の式で求められる。
本発明において、電子供与性の置換基とは下記に記載のハメットのσp値が負の値を示す置換基のことであり、そのような置換基は水素原子と比べて結合原子側に電子を与えやすい特性を有する。
一般式(B)において、Roで表される、立体パラメータ値(Es値)が-0.5以下の置換基は、一般式(A)において、Roで表される立体パラメータ値(Es値)が-0.5以下の置換基と同義である。
一般式(C)において、Ro、Rqで各々表される、立体パラメータ値(Es値)が-0.5以下の置換基は、一般式(4)において、Roで表される立体パラメータ値(Es値)が-0.5以下の置換基と同義である。
一般式(3)で表される化合物において、R21~R26で各々表される置換基は、一般式(1)において、A、Bで各々表わされる6員の芳香族炭化水素基、5員または6員の芳香族複素環基が、更に置換されていてもよい置換基と同義である。
一般式(4)で表される化合物において、R31~R37で各々表される置換基は、一般式(1)において、A、Bで各々表わされる6員の芳香族炭化水素基、5員または6員の芳香族複素環基が、更に置換されていてもよい置換基と同義である。
一般式(5)で表される化合物において、R51~R57で各々表される置換基は、一般式(1)において、A、Bで各々表わされる6員の芳香族炭化水素基、5員または6員の芳香族複素環基が、更に置換されていてもよい置換基と同義である。
本発明の有機EL素子の構成層について説明する。本発明において、有機EL素子の層構成の好ましい具体例を以下に示すが、本発明はこれらに限定されない。
(ii)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
(iii)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極
(iv)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極
(v)陽極/陽極バッファー層/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極
(vi)陽極//正孔輸送層/陽極バッファー層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極
(vii)陽極/陽極バッファー層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極
発光層は、ユニットを形成して発光層ユニットにすることもある。更に、発光層間には非発光性の中間層を有していてもよく、中間層は電荷発生層を含んでいてもよい。本発明の有機EL素子としては白色発光であることが好ましく、これらを用いた照明装置であることが好ましい。
電子輸送層とは電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、広い意味で電子注入層、正孔阻止層も電子輸送層に含まれる。電子輸送層は単層もしくは複数層を設けることができる。
本発明に係る発光層は、電極または電子輸送層、正孔輸送層から注入されてくる電子及び正孔が再結合して発光する層であり、発光する部分は発光層の層内であっても発光層と隣接層との界面であってもよい。
発光性ドーパント化合物(発光ドーパントともいう)について説明する。
本発明に係るリン光ドーパントについて説明する。
蛍光ドーパントとしては、クマリン系色素、ピラン系色素、シアニン系色素、クロコニウム系色素、スクアリウム系色素、オキソベンツアントラセン系色素、フルオレセイン系色素、ローダミン系色素、ピリリウム系色素、ペリレン系色素、スチルベン系色素、ポリチオフェン系色素、または希土類錯体系蛍光体等や、レーザー色素に代表される蛍光量子収率が高い化合物が挙げられる。
本発明においてホスト化合物は、発光層に含有される化合物の内で、その層中での質量比が20%以上であり、且つ室温(25℃)においてリン光発光のリン光量子収率が、0.1未満の化合物と定義される。好ましくはリン光量子収率が0.01未満である。また、発光層に含有される化合物の中で、その層中での質量比が20%以上であることが好ましい。
正孔輸送層とは正孔を輸送する機能を有する正孔輸送材料からなり、広い意味で正孔注入層、電子阻止層も正孔輸送層に含まれる。正孔輸送層は単層または複数層設けることができる。
阻止層は、上記の如く有機化合物薄膜の基本構成層の他に必要に応じて設けられるものである。例えば、特開平11-204258号公報、同11-204359号公報、及び「有機EL素子とその工業化最前線(1998年11月30日エヌ・ティー・エス社発行)」の237頁等に記載されている正孔阻止(ホールブロック)層がある。
注入層は必要に応じて設け、電子注入層と正孔注入層があり、上記の如く陽極と発光層または正孔輸送層の間、及び陰極と発光層または電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。
有機EL素子における陽極としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが好ましく用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としては、Au等の金属、CuI、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等の導電性透明材料が挙げられる。
一方、陰極としては仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する)、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが用いられる。
本発明の有機EL素子に用いることのできる支持基板(以下、基体、基板、基材、支持体等とも言う)としては、ガラス、プラスチック等の種類には特に限定はなく、また透明であっても不透明であってもよい。支持基板側から光を取り出す場合には、支持基板は透明であることが好ましい。
有機EL素子の製造方法の一例として、陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層(電子注入層)/陰極からなる素子の製造方法について説明する。
本発明に用いられる封止手段としては、例えば、封止部材と電極、支持基板とを接着剤で接着する方法を挙げることができる。
有機層を挟み支持基板と対向する側の前記封止膜、あるいは前記封止用フィルムの外側に、素子の機械的強度を高めるために保護膜、あるいは保護板を設けてもよい。特に封止が前記封止膜により行われている場合には、その機械的強度は必ずしも高くないため、このような保護膜、保護板を設けることが好ましい。これに使用することができる材料としては、前記封止に用いたのと同様なガラス板、ポリマー板・フィルム、金属板・フィルム等を用いることができるが、軽量且つ薄膜化ということからポリマーフィルムを用いることが好ましい。
有機EL素子は空気よりも屈折率の高い(屈折率が1.7~2.1程度)層の内部で発光し、発光層で発生した光のうち15%から20%程度の光しか取り出せないことが一般的に言われている。これは、臨界角以上の角度θで界面(透明基板と空気との界面)に入射する光は、全反射を起こし素子外部に取り出すことができないことや、透明電極ないし発光層と透明基板との間で光が全反射を起こし、光が透明電極ないし発光層を導波し、結果として光が素子側面方向に逃げるためである。
本発明の有機EL素子は基板の光取り出し側に、例えば、マイクロレンズアレイ状の構造を設けるように加工したり、あるいは所謂集光シートと組み合わせることにより、特定方向、例えば、素子発光面に対し正面方向に集光することにより、特定方向上の輝度を高めることができる。
本発明の有機EL素子は、表示デバイス、ディスプレイ、各種発光光源として用いることができる。発光光源として、例えば、照明装置(家庭用照明、車内照明)、時計や液晶用バックライト、看板広告、信号機、光記憶媒体の光源、電子写真複写機の光源、光通信処理機の光源、光センサーの光源等が挙げられるがこれに限定するものではないが、特に液晶表示装置のバックライト、照明用光源としての用途に有効に用いることができる。
本発明の表示装置について説明する。本発明の表示装置は、本発明の有機EL素子を具備したものである。
本発明の照明装置について説明する。本発明の照明装置は上記有機EL素子を有する。
本発明の有機EL素子を具備した、本発明の照明装置の一態様について説明する。
《例示化合物2-3の合成》
以下の工程(1)~(3)により、本発明の一般式(1)に係る化合物の一例である、例示化合物2-3を合成した。
2-(3-(dimesitylboryl)phenyl)-1-mesityl-1H-imidazole 2.5g(0.004987モル)、塩化イリジウム(III)3水和物0.69g(0.001959モル)、2-エトキキシエタノール30mlおよび純水10mlを反応容器に加え、窒素バブリングを行いながら36時間加熱還流した。反応溶液を冷却後、得られた結晶を濾別、メタノールで洗浄したのち乾燥し、目的のジクロロダイマー(A)を2.44g(収率75.6%)得た。
アセチルアセトナト錯体(2)1.5g(0.001145モル)、2-(3-(dimesitylboryl)phenyl)-1-mesityl-1H-imidazole 1.75g(0.003434モル)およびグリセリン45mlを反応容器に加え、窒素バブリングを行いながら加熱し、内温150℃で3時間反応させた。反応終了後反応液を冷却し、反応液をメタノールで希釈したのち得られた結晶を濾別した。結晶をよくメタノールで洗浄、乾燥したのち、フラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィー(酢酸エチル/トルエン)により精製し、目的の例示化合物2-3を1.23g(62.3%)得た。
《有機EL素子1-1の作製》
陽極として100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス基板上にITO(インジウムチンオキシド)を100nm成膜した基板(NHテクノグラス社製NA45)にパターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を設けた透明支持基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。
有機EL素子1-1の作製において、表2に記載のように発光ホスト、発光ドーパント材料を変更した以外は同様にして、有機EL素子1-2~1-7を作製した。
以下のようにして作製した有機EL素子1-1~1-7の評価を行い、その結果を表2に示す。
有機EL素子を室温下、2.5mA/cm2の定電流条件下による連続発光を行い、初期輝度の半分の輝度になるのに要する時間(τ1/2)を測定した。尚、発光寿命は有機EL素子6-1を100と設定する相対値で表した。
有機EL素子を初期輝度1000cd/m2を与える電流で定電流駆動した時の初期駆動電圧を測定した。初期駆動電圧は比較の有機EL素子1-1を100とした時の相対値で表示した。
有機EL素子を室温下、2.5mA/cm2の定電流条件下による連続点灯を行った際の発光面を目視で評価した。
△:ダークスポットを確認した人数が1-4人の場合
○:ダークスポットを確認した人数が0人の場合
得られた結果を表2に示す。
《有機EL素子2-1の作製》
陽極として100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス基板上にITO(インジウムチンオキシド)を100nm製膜した基板(NHテクノグラス社製NA-45)にパターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を設けた透明支持基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。
有機EL素子2-1の作製において、HOST-9、比較化合物1及びET-40を表3に記載の化合物に変えた以外は同様にして、有機EL素子2-2~2-8を作製した。
得られた有機EL素子2-1~2-8を評価するに際しては、実施例1の有機EL素子1-1~1-7と同様に封止し、図3、図4に示すような照明装置を形成して評価した。
発光寿命については、実施例1と同様の方法で評価した。尚、有機EL素子2-1の発光寿命を100と設定する相対値で表した。
分光放射輝度計CS-1000(コニカミノルタセンシング社製)を用いて、各有機EL素子の中央部の正面輝度及び輝度角度依存性を測定し、正面輝度1000cd/m2における電力効率を求めた。
《有機EL素子3-1の作製》
陽極として100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス基板上にITO(インジウムチンオキシド)を100nm製膜した基板(NHテクノグラス社製NA-45)にパターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を設けた透明支持基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。
有機EL素子3-1の作製において、比較ドーパント2を表4記載の化合物に変えた以外は同様にして、有機EL素子3-2~3-7を作製した。
得られた有機EL素子3-1~3-7を評価するに際しては、実施例1の有機EL素子1-1~1-7と同様に封止し、図3、図4に示すような照明装置を形成して評価した。
有機EL素子を室温(約23℃~25℃)、2.5mA/cm2の定電流条件下で発光させ、発光開始直後の発光輝度(L)[cd/m2]を測定することにより、外部取り出し量子効率(η)を算出した。
発光寿命については、実施例1と同様の方法で評価した。尚、有機EL素子3-1の発光寿命を100と設定する相対値で表した。
《有機EL素子4-1の作製》
陽極として100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス基板上にITO(インジウムチンオキシド)を100nm成膜した基板(NHテクノグラス社製NA45)にパターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を設けた透明支持基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。
有機EL素子4-1の作製において、比較ドーパント2および発光ホスト1を表5に記載の化合物に変えた以外は同様にして、有機EL素子4-2~4-7を作製した。
得られた有機EL素子4-1~4-7の評価は、実施例1の有機EL素子の評価を行った時と同様に封止し、図3、図4に示すような照明装置を形成して評価した。
実施例3と同様の方法で外部取り出し量子効率(η)を算出した。
各有機EL素子を室温(約23℃~25℃)、2.5mA/cm2の定電流条件下により駆動したときの電圧を各々測定した(初期駆動電圧)。次に各有機EL素子を500時間連続駆動した後の駆動電圧を測定し(500時間駆動後の電圧)その上昇率を下式に従って求めた。
得られた評価結果を表5に示す。
《フルカラー表示装置の作製》
(青色発光素子の作製)
実施例4の有機EL素4-3を青色発光素子として用いた。
実施例4の有機EL素子4-1において、比較化合物1をD-1に変更した以外は同様にして、緑色発光素子を作製し、これを緑色発光素子として用いた。
実施例4の有機EL素子4-1において、比較化合物1をD-10に変更した以外は同様にして、赤色発光素子を作製し、これを赤色発光素子として用いた。
《白色発光素子及び白色照明装置の作製》
実施例1の透明電極基板の電極を20mm×20mmにパターニングし、その上に実施例1と同様に正孔注入/輸送層としてα-NPDを25nmの厚さで成膜し、更に、HOST-25の入った加熱ボートと例示化合物2-5の入ったボート及びD-6の入ったボートをそれぞれ独立に通電して、発光ホストであるHOST-25と発光ドーパントとして例示化合物2-5、及びD-6の蒸着速度が100:5:0.6になるように調節し、膜厚30nmの厚さになるように蒸着し、発光層を設けた。
《白色の有機EL素子の作製》
陽極として100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス基板上にITO(インジウムチンオキシド)を100nm成膜した基板(NHテクノグラス社製NA45)にパターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を設けた透明支持基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。
《有機EL素子8-1の作製》
実施例3の有機EL素子3-1の作製において、比較化合物2から比較化合物7に変更した以外は同様にして有機EL素子8-1を作製した。
有機EL素子3-1の作製において、比較化合物2から例示化合物1-38、2-25、3-17、4-8のPt錯体に、各々変更した以外は同様にして、有機EL素子8-2~8-5を各々作製した。
《有機EL素子9-1の作製》
実施例2の有機EL素子2-1の発光層材料(HOST-9と比較化合物1)をHOST-38と例示化合物4-11に置き換え、実施例2と同様にスピンコートにより薄膜を形成後、紫外線を60秒照射し、ホストとドーパントをネットワーク上ポリマーとした。
また、有機EL素子9-1の作製において、ドーパントを各々例示化合物1-12、2-8、2-13、3-13に変更した以外は同様にして有機EL素子9-2~9-5を各々作製した。
《有機EL素子10-1~10-3の作製》
実施例1の有機EL素子1-1の作製において、比較化合物2を例示化合物5-1、5-5、5-7のカルベン錯体に置き換えた以外は同様にして有機EL素子10-1、10-2、10-3を各々作製した。
3 画素
5 走査線
6 データ線
A 表示部
B 制御部
101 有機EL素子
102 ガラスカバー
105 陰極
106 有機EL層
107 透明電極付きガラス基板
108 窒素ガス
109 捕水剤
Claims (45)
- 前記一般式(2)で表される化合物のR15~R16の少なくとも1つが前記Qであることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス材料。
- 前記一般式(2)で表される化合物のR11~R14の少なくとも1つが前記Qであることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス材料。
- 前記一般式(2)で表される化合物のR13が前記Qであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス材料。
- 前記一般式(3)で表される化合物のR25~R26の少なくとも1つが前記Qであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス材料。
- 前記一般式(3)で表される化合物のR21~R24の少なくとも1つが前記Qであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス材料。
- 前記一般式(3)で表される化合物のR23が前記Qであることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス材料。
- 前記一般式(4)で表される化合物のR35~R37の少なくとも1つが前記Qであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス材料。
- 前記一般式(4)で表される化合物のR31~R34の少なくとも1つが前記Qであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス材料。
- 前記一般式(4)で表される化合物のR33が前記Qであることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス材料。
- 前記一般式(5)で表される化合物のR51~R53のうち少なくとも1つが前記Qであることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス材料。
- 前記一般式(5)で表される化合物のR54~R57の少なくとも1つが前記Qであることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス材料。
- 前記一般式(5)で表される化合物のR55が前記Qであることを特徴とする請求項16に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス材料。
- 請求項1に記載の一般式(1)で表される化合物、請求項2に記載の一般式(2)で表される化合物、請求項3に記載の一般式(3)で表される化合物、請求項4に記載の一般式(4)で表される化合物または請求項5に記載の一般式(5)で表される化合物のQが、元素周期表における第13族元素、硫黄原子またはリン原子を含む置換基であることを特徴とする請求項1~17のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス材料。
- 前記Qが、Q-1-1~Q-1-10からなる置換基群から選択される少なくともひとつを表すことを特徴とする請求項19に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス材料。
〔式中、Ar1、Ar2は、各々単独で芳香族炭化水素環基または芳香族複素環基を表す。但し、Ar1、Ar2は互いに結合し、更に芳香環を形成してもよい。D1~D5は、各々炭素原子または窒素原子を表す。Rd、Reは、各々アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、芳香族炭化水素環基または芳香族複素環基を表す。pは0~4の整数を表し、qは0~2の整数を表す。E1は、O、SまたはN-Rf(Rfは、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、芳香族炭化水素環もしくは芳香族複素環を表す)を表し、E2、E3は炭素原子または窒素原子を表す。Mesはメシチル基を表す。W1は1~5の整数を表し、W2は1~3の整数を表す。〕 - 請求項1に記載の一般式(1)で表される化合物、請求項2に記載の一般式(2)で表される化合物、請求項3に記載の一般式(3)で表される化合物、請求項4に記載の一般式(4)で表される化合物または請求項5に記載の一般式(5)で表される化合物のMが、白金またはイリジウムであることを特徴とする請求項1~20のいずれか1項に記載の
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス材料。 - 陽極と陰極により挟まれた少なくとも1層の発光層を含有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子において、
該発光層が請求項1に記載の一般式(1)で表される化合物を少なくとも1種含有する有機層を有することを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。 - 前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、請求項2に記載の一般式(2)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする請求項22に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、請求項3に記載の一般式(3)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする請求項22に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、請求項4に記載の一般式(4)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする請求項22に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記一般式(1)で表される化合物が、請求項5に記載の一般式(5)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする請求項22に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記一般式(2)で表される化合物のR15~R16の少なくとも1つが前記Qであることを特徴とする請求項23に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記一般式(2)で表される化合物のR11~R14の少なくとも1つが前記Qであることを特徴とする請求項23に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記一般式(2)で表される化合物のR13が前記Qであることを特徴とする請求項28に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記一般式(3)で表される化合物のR25~R26の少なくとも1つが前記Qであることを特徴とする請求項24に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記一般式(3)で表される化合物のR21~R24の少なくとも1つが前記Qであることを特徴とする請求項24に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記一般式(3)で表される化合物のR23が前記Qであることを特徴とする請求項31に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記一般式(4)で表される化合物のR35~R37の少なくとも1つが前記Qであることを特徴とする請求項25に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記一般式(4)で表される化合物のR31~R34の少なくとも1つが前記Qであることを特徴とする請求項25に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記一般式(4)で表される化合物のR33が前記Qであることを特徴とする請求項34に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記一般式(5)で表される化合物のR51~R53のうち少なくとも1つが前記Qであることを特徴とする請求項26に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記一般式(5)で表される化合物のR54~R57の少なくとも1つが前記Qであることを特徴とする請求項26に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記一般式(5)で表される化合物のR55が前記Qであることを特徴とする請求項37に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 請求項1に記載の一般式(1)で表される化合物、請求項2に記載の一般式(2)で表される化合物、請求項3に記載の一般式(3)で表される化合物、請求項4に記載の一般式(4)で表される化合物または請求項5に記載の一般式(5)で表される化合物のQが、元素周期表における第13族元素、硫黄原子またはリン原子を含む置換基であることを特徴とする請求項22~38のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記Qが、請求項19に記載の部分構造のいずれかから選択されることを特徴とする請求項39に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記Qが、請求項20に記載の部分構造のいずれかから選択されることを特徴とする請求項40に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 請求項1に記載の一般式(1)で表される化合物、請求項2に記載の一般式(2)で表される化合物、請求項3に記載の一般式(3)で表される化合物、請求項4に記載の一般式(4)で表される化合物または請求項5に記載の一般式(5)で表される化合物のMが、白金またはイリジウムであることを特徴とする請求項22~41のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 請求項1に記載の一般式(1)で表される化合物、請求項2に記載の一般式(2)で表される化合物、請求項3に記載の一般式(3)で表される化合物、請求項4に記載の一般式(4)で表される化合物または請求項5に記載の一般式(5)で表される化合物を少なくとも1種含有する有機層を有し、該有機層がウェットプロセスを用いて形成されたことを特徴とする請求項22~42のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 請求項22~43のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を備えたことを特徴とする表示装置。
- 請求項22~43のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を備えたことを特徴とする照明装置。
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JP2013187211A (ja) * | 2012-03-06 | 2013-09-19 | Konica Minolta Inc | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、表示装置及び照明装置 |
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JP2014205643A (ja) * | 2013-04-15 | 2014-10-30 | 住友化学株式会社 | 金属錯体及び該金属錯体を含む発光素子 |
JP2016048796A (ja) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-04-07 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、それが具備された表示装置及び照明装置 |
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KR102625860B1 (ko) | 2018-02-23 | 2024-02-08 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 유기금속 화합물, 이를 포함한 유기 발광 소자 및 상기 유기 발광 소자를 포함한 유기 발광 장치 |
KR20200089799A (ko) | 2019-01-17 | 2020-07-28 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 근적외선광-발광 소자 및 이를 포함한 장치 |
KR20210152626A (ko) * | 2020-06-08 | 2021-12-16 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 유기금속 화합물 및 이를 포함한 유기 발광 소자 |
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