WO2011157026A1 - 音频传输的实现方法及移动终端 - Google Patents

音频传输的实现方法及移动终端 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011157026A1
WO2011157026A1 PCT/CN2010/078170 CN2010078170W WO2011157026A1 WO 2011157026 A1 WO2011157026 A1 WO 2011157026A1 CN 2010078170 W CN2010078170 W CN 2010078170W WO 2011157026 A1 WO2011157026 A1 WO 2011157026A1
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Prior art keywords
usb
audio
audio device
interface descriptor
data
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PCT/CN2010/078170
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李幸远
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Priority to EP10853134.4A priority Critical patent/EP2530599B8/en
Priority to US13/576,193 priority patent/US9009373B2/en
Publication of WO2011157026A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011157026A1/zh

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/16Sound input; Sound output
    • G06F3/162Interface to dedicated audio devices, e.g. audio drivers, interface to CODECs
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/10Program control for peripheral devices
    • G06F13/102Program control for peripheral devices where the programme performs an interfacing function, e.g. device driver
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/14Handling requests for interconnection or transfer
    • G06F13/16Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to memory bus
    • G06F13/1605Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to memory bus based on arbitration
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/14Handling requests for interconnection or transfer
    • G06F13/16Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to memory bus
    • G06F13/18Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to memory bus based on priority control
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/14Handling requests for interconnection or transfer
    • G06F13/36Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to common bus or bus system
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/38Information transfer, e.g. on bus
    • G06F13/42Bus transfer protocol, e.g. handshake; Synchronisation
    • G06F13/4282Bus transfer protocol, e.g. handshake; Synchronisation on a serial bus, e.g. I2C bus, SPI bus
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/60Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of audio data
    • G06F16/68Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually
    • G06F16/683Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually using metadata automatically derived from the content
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2213/00Indexing scheme relating to interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F2213/0042Universal serial bus [USB]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to audio transmission technologies, and in particular, to an audio transmission implementation method and a mobile terminal. Background technique
  • Mobile terminals generally use a universal serial bus
  • USB Universal Serial Bus
  • Composite devices implement functional interfaces.
  • the so-called USB composite device refers to a USB device with multiple sub-devices under one USB host device. Each sub-device uses several USB endpoints to communicate with the USB host side.
  • these USB devices include: an AT port for transmitting AT commands, a modem (Modem) port for providing data service functions, and an audio (Sound) port for transmitting audio data.
  • the mobile terminal has a storage function, it also has a USB mass storage device.
  • the USB host is generally a PC-side device with a USB host controller.
  • the traditional Sound interface for transmitting audio uses USB's Bulk endpoint to transmit data.
  • the USB host controller does not reserve transmission bandwidth for the Bulk endpoint.
  • the real-time data transmission of the Sound port is affected. The effect is represented by audio delay, poor sound quality, increased noise, and so on.
  • the audio data transmission request of the USB host side cannot be responded to due to the exhaustion of the CPU internal bus bandwidth, resulting in loss of audio data. This in turn causes problems with poor sound quality.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the prior art problem that the audio quality of the existing USB bus is insufficient, and the main object of the present invention is to provide an audio transmission implementation method and a mobile terminal, where:
  • An implementation method of audio transmission includes: setting an interface descriptor for a USB audio device in a USB composite device, wherein the interface descriptor is used to describe information required for a USB audio device to transmit audio data; the USB audio device will The interface descriptor is sent to the USB host, so that the USB host completes enumeration and recognition of the USB audio device according to the interface descriptor of the USB audio device; the USB audio device and the USB host perform audio data transmission.
  • the interface descriptor of the USB audio device further includes: an audio control interface descriptor, an uplink audio data stream interface descriptor, and a downlink audio data stream interface descriptor.
  • the USB composite device includes: a USB audio device and a non-USB audio device, and the audio data transmission between the USB audio device and the USB host further includes: the USB composite device preferentially processes the data transmission request from the USB audio device; and the data transmission in the USB audio device After the request is processed, the USB composite device processes the data transfer request from the non-USB audio device.
  • the USB composite device processing the data transmission request from the non-USB audio device further includes: when the data requested by the non-USB audio device exceeds the threshold, the USB composite device splits the data requested for transmission into a plurality of data packets for processing.
  • the non-USB audio device includes at least one of the following: an AT port, a Modem port, and a storage device.
  • a mobile terminal comprising a USB composite device, further comprising a USB audio device and a non-USB audio device, the mobile terminal further comprising: an interface descriptor setting module, configured to set a USB audio device An interface descriptor, wherein the interface descriptor is used to describe information required for the USB audio device to transmit audio data; The interface descriptor is sent to the USB host, so that the USB host completes enumeration and identification of the USB audio device according to the interface descriptor.
  • the interface descriptor of the USB audio device further includes: an audio control interface descriptor, an uplink audio data stream interface descriptor, and a downlink audio data stream interface descriptor.
  • the mobile terminal further includes: a priority setting module, configured to set a data transmission endpoint of the USB audio device as a high priority endpoint, so that the USB host preferentially processes the data transmission request from the USB audio device.
  • a priority setting module configured to set a data transmission endpoint of the USB audio device as a high priority endpoint, so that the USB host preferentially processes the data transmission request from the USB audio device.
  • the mobile terminal further includes: a splitting module, configured to split data requested by the non-USB audio device exceeding the threshold into a plurality of data packets.
  • the non-USB audio device includes at least one of the following: an AT port, a Modem port, and a storage device.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for implementing audio transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a USB composite device configuration descriptor according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a USB audio transmission device interface descriptor according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a USB audio transmission device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Flowchart of the enumeration process
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart of scheduling a data transmission by a USB driver according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a structural block diagram of a kicking terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • the Descriptor is a complete data structure that describes all the attributes of a USB device.
  • the USB host requests the USB device to send this information through a series of commands, so that the USB host knows the function, category, and occupied bandwidth of the USB device.
  • the transmission method and the amount of data, the USB device can only start working after the USB host has determined the information.
  • an implementation method of audio transmission is provided.
  • Step S102 is a flowchart of a method for implementing audio transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the method includes: (Step S102 - Step S106)
  • Step S102 setting an interface descriptor for a USB audio device in the USB composite device, where the interface descriptor is used to describe information required for the USB audio device to transmit audio data;
  • Step S104 the USB audio device sends its interface descriptor to the USB host, so that the USB host completes enumeration and identification of the USB audio device according to the interface descriptor of the USB audio device;
  • Step S106 the USB audio device and the USB host perform audio data. transmission.
  • step S102
  • Standard USB devices have the following USB descriptors: device descriptor, configuration descriptor, string descriptor, interface descriptor, and endpoint descriptor.
  • USB composite device configuration descriptor There are multiple sub-devices under the USB composite device configuration descriptor, including a USB Audio device for transmitting audio data, and a non-USB audio device, wherein the non-USB audio device may include: an AT port for transmitting AT commands, for A Modem port that provides data service functions. If the mobile terminal has a storage function, it also has a USB mass storage device (or storage device). Each child device is represented by one or more USB interface descriptors. Each device uses multiple USB endpoints to communicate with the USB host side.
  • the device configuration descriptor 201 is a configuration descriptor of the mobile terminal USB device.
  • the USB composite device configuration descriptor 201 includes: an Audio device interface descriptor 202, a Modem interface descriptor 203, an AT interface descriptor 204, and a large capacity.
  • Storage device interface descriptor 205 and the like.
  • the USB Audio device exists as a sub-device under the USB composite device.
  • the device descriptor consists of three USB interface descriptors, including:
  • the Audio Control Interface Descriptor is used to indicate that the USB device belongs to the USB Audio device class, and indicates that the next two interface descriptors belong to the same USB Audio device as the interface descriptor.
  • Audio upstream audio stream interface descriptor which describes the audio data format from the mobile terminal to the USB host.
  • the interface descriptor contains an Audio Audio Stream Endpoint Descriptor that describes the USB ISO (synchronous) transport endpoints required for upstream audio stream data transmission.
  • Audio downlink audio stream interface descriptor which describes the audio data format from the USB host to the mobile terminal.
  • the interface descriptor contains an Audio Audio Stream Endpoint Descriptor that describes the USB ISO transport endpoints required for downstream audio stream data transmission.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an interface descriptor of a USB audio transmission device of the present invention. As shown in Figure 3:
  • the Audio Device Control Interface Descriptor 301 is the entry for the entire USB Audio device descriptor, which describes the USB device class used by the USB device.
  • the Audio class device interface descriptor 302 indicates that the descriptor following the descriptor is a USB Audio class related descriptor.
  • the Audio Control Interface Header Descriptor 303 indicates the relationship of all of the following descriptors to the entire USB device descriptor.
  • the USB input stream terminal descriptor 304 is used to represent the audio data stream from the USB host to the USB device.
  • a USB input stream attribute descriptor 308 for describing USB input stream attributes.
  • the USB output stream terminal descriptor 305 is for representing an audio data stream from the USB device to the USB host.
  • An upstream audio data terminal descriptor 306 is used to represent the audio data stream from the USB device to the wireless network protocol stack.
  • the uplink audio data attribute descriptor 309 is used to describe the uplink audio stream attribute.
  • a downstream audio data terminal descriptor 307 is used to indicate an audio data stream from the wireless network protocol stack to the USB device.
  • the Audio output stream interface descriptor 310 represents an audio output stream stop state interface. When the USB host stops sending audio data, send the Set Interface command to select this interface.
  • the Audio output stream optional interface descriptor 311 represents the audio output streaming status interface. When the USB host starts to send audio data, send the Set Interface command to select this interface.
  • the USB Output Endpoint Descriptor 313 describes the ISO endpoint number and endpoint attributes of the received audio data used by the Audio device.
  • the Audio Input Stream Optional Interface Descriptor 315 represents the Audio Input Streaming Status Interface.
  • the input stream format descriptor 316 describes the audio stream parameters sent by the device, including sample precision, sample frequency, and audio format.
  • USB Input Endpoint Descriptor 317 which describes the ISO endpoint number and endpoint attributes of the audio data used by the Audio device.
  • step S104 4 is a flow chart of an enumeration process of a USB audio transmission device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the USB descriptors shown in Figures 2 and 3 are sent to the USB host to complete the enumeration and identification process of the device.
  • Figure 4 includes the following steps:
  • Step 401 the USB bus is reset.
  • the USB bus reset restores the device address of the USB device to the default address and is ready to receive an enumeration command from the USB host driver.
  • Step 402 The USB host driver requests a device descriptor from the device. In this step, the USB device returns its device descriptor to the USB host.
  • Step 403 the USB host driver sets the address of the device.
  • the USB host issues a command to set the address to the device.
  • the USB device fills in the obtained address into the address register of the USB device controller. USB data transfer after this step is done at this address.
  • Step 404 the USB host driver requests a configuration descriptor from the device.
  • the USB host issues a command requesting the device's configuration descriptor to the device.
  • the USB device needs to return the three interface descriptors of the USB Audio device shown in Figure 3 together with the interface descriptors of other sub-devices in the USB composite device to the USB host in the USB composite device configuration descriptor.
  • Step 405 the USB host driver parses the configuration descriptor, and selects a USB configuration.
  • USB Host After the configuration descriptor returned by the device is obtained, the process of parsing the descriptor is started. This process verifies the correctness of the configuration descriptor and resolves the number and type of sub-devices included in the composite device configuration descriptor. When the configuration descriptor is correct, the USB host driver issues a command to select the configuration to make the current USB configuration take effect.
  • Step 406 the USB host driver loads the sub-device driver.
  • the USB host loads the drivers of the respective sub-devices according to the USB sub-device information parsed in step 405.
  • the USB Audio device of the present invention will load the USB Audio device driver. At this point, the enumeration and recognition process of the USB device is completed, the device enters the ready state, and waits for the instruction to start the data transfer.
  • step S106 In response to the Set Interface command sent by the USB host, starting or stopping the receiving or sending of the audio data stream includes:
  • the mobile terminal opens the USB bus frame start interrupt.
  • the mobile terminal turns off the USB bus frame start interrupt. Stop receiving and sending audio data.
  • the bandwidth required to transmit audio data using the USB ISO endpoint is reserved on the USB host side, ensuring that the USB bus bandwidth is not exhausted by other sub-devices in the composite device, so even if the USB bus is extremely busy In the case, the audio uplink and downlink data can also be transmitted normally.
  • the endpoints of the transmission data used by each sub-device in the device are prioritized: For the data transmission endpoint with higher real-time requirements, the ISO endpoint for audio transmission is divided. For high-priority endpoints; for devices with lower real-time requirements, such as AT ports, modem ports, mass storage devices, etc., the endpoints used are classified as low-priority endpoints.
  • the data transmission request on the high priority endpoint is prioritized; the data transmission request of the other low priority endpoint is processed only after the data transmission request on the high priority endpoint is completed.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart of scheduling a data transmission by a USB driver according to a priority according to an embodiment of the present invention, including:
  • Step 501 The USB host issues an instruction to start an audio stream transmission.
  • the instructions here refer to the Set Interface command described in the description of Figure 3.
  • the USB host initiates output data stream transmission and input data stream transmission by selecting the Audio Output Stream Optional Interface Descriptor 311 or the Audio Input Stream Optional Interface Descriptor 315, respectively.
  • Step 502 setting a maximum allowable data transmission length of the low priority endpoint. After the audio data stream transmission is started, in order to ensure the real-time performance of the audio stream transmission, the maximum allowable data transmission length of the low priority endpoint is set, and the audio data stream transmission request can be processed in time.
  • Step 503 turning on the USB device SOF (frame start) interrupt. Since the ISO data transfer is synchronized with the USB SOF frame, in order to start transmitting ISO data, it is necessary to turn on the SOF frame start interrupt of the USB device controller. This interrupt occurs when each SOF frame arrives.
  • Step 504 waiting for a USB transmission interrupt to occur.
  • Step 505 the USB hardware controller generates a transmission interruption.
  • the interrupts here include SOF frame interrupts for ISO transfers and transmission interrupts for other USB endpoints and interrupts generated by the DMA controller.
  • Step 506 Determine whether there is a data transmission request on the high priority endpoint according to the priority setting condition and the data transmission state of each endpoint. If yes, go to step 510, otherwise go to step 507.
  • Step 507 Determine whether the requested data transmission length on the current low priority endpoint exceeds the maximum allowed data length. If the maximum allowable data transfer length is currently set, and the length of the request transfer has exceeded the allowable value, go to step 509, otherwise go to step 508.
  • Step 508 Transmit data according to the data length requested by the low priority endpoint.
  • Step 509 transmitting only the allowed length (less than the preset allowed value) data on the low priority endpoint.
  • Step 510 Transmit all length request data on the high priority endpoint.
  • Step 511 the transmission ends, waiting for the next USB transmission interruption.
  • step 512 the USB host issues a stop audio stream transmission instruction.
  • the instructions here refer to the Set Interface command described in the description of Figure 3.
  • the USB host stops the output data stream transmission and the input data stream transmission by selecting the Audio Output Stream Interface Descriptor 310 or the Audio Input Stream Interface Descriptor 314, respectively. If and only if the input stream and the output stream are all stopped, the USB audio stream transmission is all stopped, and the process proceeds to step 513.
  • step 513 the SOF frame interrupt is turned off. After the SOF frame interrupt is turned off, the USB device controller hardware does not generate an interrupt when the SOF frame arrives, and the ISO transfer is aborted.
  • Step 514 cancel the maximum allowed data transmission length limit of the low priority endpoint. Since the streaming of all high-priority endpoints has stopped, the maximum allowed data transfer length of the low-priority endpoints is removed to improve the efficiency of priority endpoint data transmission.
  • Step 515 waiting for the USB transmission interruption to occur, and performing the next USB transmission.
  • the data of the high-priority endpoint can be preferentially transmitted, and the time that the low-priority endpoint occupies the internal transmission resource of the mobile terminal once is restricted, so that the data transmission request on the high-priority endpoint can be quickly responded.
  • the USB audio transmission interface device implemented according to the steps provided by the present invention conforms to the USB Audio Class device standard of USB-IF, and the USB audio transmission interface device implemented by the present invention has an operating system on Windows, Linux and MAC OS operating systems. With the driver, the USB audio transmission interface device implemented by the present invention appears as a sound card device on the above operating system, and the audio data transmitted from the device can be accessed using an API provided by the operating system.
  • a mobile terminal is also provided.
  • the mobile terminal uses a USB composite device to implement a functional interface.
  • the USB composite device further includes: a USB audio device and a non-USB audio device, wherein the non-USB audio device includes at least the following devices: an AT port, a Modem port, a storage device (or For mass storage devices).
  • FIG. 6 is a structural block diagram of a mobile terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6, the mobile terminal further includes: an interface descriptor setting module 10 and a sending module 20.
  • the interface descriptor setting module 10 is configured to set an interface descriptor of the USB audio device, wherein the interface descriptor is used to describe information required for the USB audio device to transmit audio data.
  • the interface descriptor of the USB audio device further includes: an audio control interface descriptor, an upstream audio stream interface descriptor, and a downlink audio stream interface descriptor.
  • a sending module 20 configured to send the interface descriptor set by the interface descriptor setting module 10 to The USB host enables the USB host to enumerate and identify the USB audio device based on the interface descriptor.
  • the mobile terminal further includes: a priority setting module 30, configured to set a data transmission endpoint of the USB audio device as a high priority endpoint, and set a data transmission endpoint of the non-USB audio device as a low priority endpoint.
  • a priority setting module 30 configured to set a data transmission endpoint of the USB audio device as a high priority endpoint, and set a data transmission endpoint of the non-USB audio device as a low priority endpoint.
  • the mobile terminal further includes a splitting module (not shown) for splitting data requested by the non-USB audio device exceeding the threshold into a plurality of data packets.
  • the non-USB audio device is a low-priority endpoint. When the length of the data requested by the non-USB audio device is too long (the data length exceeds the preset threshold), the data transmitted by the request is split into several Small packets are transmitted.
  • the foregoing mobile terminal includes but is not limited to: a wireless data card, a wireless data module built in the notebook, or a machine to machine (M2M) device applied to an industrial scenario.
  • M2M machine to machine
  • USB audio data transmission implemented by the present invention has the following effects compared with the prior art:
  • the audio function of the mobile terminal can be quickly and conveniently transplanted to different operating systems and application scenarios, and is particularly suitable for the rapid response requirement of industrial applications with complex application scenarios.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种音频传输的实现方法及移动终端,其中,该方法包括:为USB复合设备中的USB音频设备设置接口描述符,其中,接口描述符用于描述USB音频设备传输音频数据所需的信息;USB音频设备将其接口描述符发送至USB主机,使得USB主机根据USB音频设备的接口描述符完成对USB音频设备的枚举和识别;USB音频设备与USB主机进行音频数据传输。通过本发明,能够保证高品质的音频传输效果。

Description

音频传输的实现方法及移动终端 技术领域
本发明涉及音频传输技术, 尤其涉及一种音频传输的实现方法及移动 终端。 背景技术
随着无线通信技术的高速发展, 第三代无线通信网络技术的逐渐普及, 移动终端所提供的功能越来越多样化。 移动终端一般釆用通用串行总线
( USB, Universal Serial Bus )复合设备实现功能接口。 所谓 USB复合设备 是指在一个 USB主设备下挂有多个子设备的 USB设备,每个子设备使用几 个 USB端点分别与 USB主机侧进行通信。 通常这些 USB设备包括: 用于 传输 AT命令的 AT端口, 用于提供数据业务功能的调制解调器 ( Modem ) 口, 用于传输音频数据的音频(Sound ) 口。 如果移动终端有存储功能, 则 还具有 USB大容量存储设备。 其中, USB主机一般为具有 USB主机控制 器的 PC侧设备。
传统传输音频用的 Sound口使用 USB的批量(Bulk )端点传输数据, USB主机控制器不会为 Bulk端点预留传输带宽, 当 USB总线负载较重时, Sound口的数据传输实时性就会受到影响, 表现为音频延迟、 音质变差、 噪 声增加等。 另外, 由于移动终端的 CPU处理能力有限, 当 USB总线上数据 传输量很大时, 可能会由于 CPU 内部总线带宽耗尽而导致无法及时响应 USB主机侧的音频数据传输请求, 导致音频数据丟失, 进而造成音质变差 的问题。
并且, 现有技术的 Sound 口音频数据传输方法实际上是一种厂商自定 义的方法, 不符合任何 USB标准, 因此造成了移动终端在不同的操作系统 及应用场景下移植应用困难。 发明内容
有鉴于现有技术存在现有的 USB总线带宽不足造成的音频音质变差问 题而做出本发明, 为此本发明的主要目的在于提供一种音频传输的实现方 法及移动终端, 其中:
根据本发明实施例的音频传输的实现方法包括: 为 USB复合设备中的 USB音频设备设置接口描述符, 其中, 接口描述符用于描述 USB音频设备 传输音频数据所需的信息; USB音频设备将其接口描述符发送至 USB主机, 使得 USB主机根据 USB音频设备的接口描述符完成对 USB音频设备的枚 举和识别; USB音频设备与 USB主机进行音频数据传输。
其中, USB音频设备的接口描述符进一步包括: 音频控制接口描述符、 上行音频数据流接口描述符和下行音频数据流接口描述符。
其中, USB复合设备包括: USB音频设备和非 USB音频设备, USB 音频设备与 USB主机进行音频数据传输进一步包括: USB复合设备优先处 理来自 USB音频设备的数据传输请求;在 USB音频设备的数据传输请求处 理完之后, USB复合设备处理来自非 USB音频设备的数据传输请求。
进一步, USB复合设备处理来自非 USB音频设备的数据传输请求进一 步包括: 当非 USB音频设备请求传输的数据超过阔值时, USB复合设备将 请求传输的数据拆分为多个数据包进行处理。
并且, 非 USB音频设备包括以下至少之一: AT端口、 Modem端口、 存储设备。
根据本发明实施例的移动终端,其包括 USB复合设备,该 USB复合设 备进一步包括 USB音频设备和非 USB音频设备的 ,该移动终端进一步包括: 接口描述符设置模块, 用于设置 USB音频设备的接口描述符, 其中, 接口 描述符用于描述 USB音频设备传输音频数据所需的信息; 发送模块, 用于 将接口描述符发送至 USB主机,使得 USB主机根据接口描述符完成对 USB 音频设备的枚举和识别。
其中, USB音频设备的接口描述符进一步包括: 音频控制接口描述符、 上行音频数据流接口描述符和下行音频数据流接口描述符。
其中, 移动终端进一步包括: 优先级设置模块, 用于将 USB音频设备 的数据传输端点设置为高优先级端点, 以使 USB 主机优先处理来自 USB 音频设备的数据传输请求。
进一步, 移动终端进一步包括: 拆分模块, 用于将超过阔值的非 USB 音频设备请求传输的数据, 拆分为多个数据包。
并且, 非 USB音频设备包括以下至少之一: AT端口、 Modem端口、 存储设备。
与现有技术相比, 根据本发明的上述技术方案, 在 USB总线带宽不足 时、 或者在移动终端处理任务较重时或内部总线带宽及硬件资源不足时, 能够保证高品质的音频传输效果。 附图说明
图 1是根据本发明实施例的音频传输的实现方法的流程图;
图 2是根据本发明实施例的 USB复合设备配置描述符示意图; 图 3是根据本发明实施例的 USB音频传输设备接口描述符结构示意图; 图 4是根据本发明实施例的 USB音频传输设备的枚举过程的流程图; 图 5 根据本发明实施例的 USB驱动程序按优先级调度数据传输流程 图;
图 6是根据本发明实施例的踢动终端的结构框图。 具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚, 以下结合附图及具体 实施例, 对本发明作进一步地详细说明。
描述符 ( Descriptor )是一个完整的数据结构, 用于描述一个 USB设备 的所有属性, USB主机通过一系列命令要求 USB设备发送这些信息, 从而 使 USB主机获知 USB设备的功能、类别、 占用的带宽、传输方式及数据量 大小, 只有 USB主机确定了这些信息之后, USB设备才能开始工作。
根据本发明实施例, 提供了一种音频传输的实现方法。
图 1是根据本发明实施例的音频传输的实现方法的流程图, 如图 1所 示, 该方法包括: (步骤 S102-步骤 S106 )
步骤 S 102 , 为 USB复合设备中的 USB音频( USB Audio )设备设置接 口描述符, 其中, 接口描述符用于描述 USB音频设备传输音频数据所需的 信息;
步骤 S104, USB音频设备将其接口描述符发送至 USB主机,使得 USB 主机根据 USB音频设备的接口描述符完成对 USB音频设备的枚举和识别; 步骤 S106, USB音频设备与 USB主机进行音频数据传输。
下面详细描述上述各处理的细节。
在步骤 S102中:
标准的 USB设备有以下几种 USB描述符: 设备描述符, 配置描述符, 字符串描述符, 接口描述符, 端点描述符。
在 USB复合设备配置描述符下存在多个子设备, 包括用于传输音频数 据的 USB Audio设备、 及非 USB音频设备, 其中, 非 USB音频设备可以 包括: 用于传输 AT命令的 AT端口, 用于提供数据业务功能的 Modem口, 如果移动终端具有存储功能, 则还具有 USB大容量存储设备 (或称为存储 设备)。 每个子设备由一个或者多个 USB接口描述符表示。 每个设备使用 多个 USB端点分别与 USB主机侧进行通信。
图 2是根据本发明实施例的 USB复合设备配置描述符示意图, USB复 合设备配置描述符 201是移动终端 USB设备的配置描述符,参考图 2 , USB 复合设备配置描述符 201包括: Audio设备接口描述符 202、 Modem接口描 述符 203、 AT接口描述符 204和大容量存储设备接口描述符 205等。
USB Audio设备作为 USB复合设备下的一个子设备存在, 其设备描述 符由三个 USB接口描述符组成, 具体包括:
1、 Audio控制接口描述符,用于表示本 USB设备属于 USB Audio设备 类, 并指出接下来两个接口描述符与本接口描述符同属于一个 USB Audio 设备。
2、 Audio上行音频数据流接口描述符,该描述符说明从移动终端到 USB 主机的音频数据格式。 该接口描述符中包含一个 Audio音频流端点描述符, 描述上行音频流数据传输所需的 USB ISO (同步)传输端点。
3、 Audio下行音频数据流接口描述符, 该描述符说明从 USB主机到移 动终端的音频数据格式。 该接口描述符中包含一个 Audio音频流端点描述 符, 描述下行音频流数据传输所需的 USB ISO传输端点。
USB Audio设备的三个接口描述符具体构成参考图 3。 图 3是本发明 USB音频传输设备接口描述符结构示意图。 如图 3所示:
Audio设备控制接口描述符 301是整个 USB Audio设备描述符的入口, 该描述符说明了本 USB设备所使用的 USB设备类。
Audio类设备接口描述符 302 , 表明从该描述符之后的描述符为 USB Audio类相关描述符。
Audio控制接口头描述符 303 , 表明下面的所有描述符与整个 USB设 备描述符的关系。
USB输入数据流终端描述符 304,用于表示从 USB主机到 USB设备的 音频数据流。
USB输入流属性描述符 308, 用于描述 USB输入数据流属性。 USB输出数据流终端描述符 305 ,用于表示从 USB设备到 USB主机的 音频数据流。
上行音频数据终端描述符 306, 用于表示从 USB设备到无线网络协议 栈的音频数据流。
上行音频数据属性描述符 309, 用于描述上行音频数据流属性。
下行音频数据终端描述符 307, 用于表示从无线网络协议栈到 USB设 别的音频数据流。
Audio输出数据流接口描述符 310, 表示音频输出流停止状态接口。 当 USB主机停止发送音频数据后, 发送 Set Interface (设置接口)命令选择此 接口。
Audio输出数据流可选接口描述符 311 ,表示音频输出流传输状态接口。 当 USB主机开始发送音频数据时, 发送 Set Interface命令选择此接口。
输出数据流格式描述符 312, 描述设备可以接收的音频数据流参数, 包 括采样精度、 釆样频率, 音频格式。
USB输出端点描述符 313 ,描述 Audio设备使用的接收音频数据的 ISO 端点号及端点属性。
Audio输入数据流接口描述符 314, 表示音频输入流停止状态接口。 当 USB主机停止接收音频数据后, 发送 Set Interface命令选择此接口。
Audio输入数据流可选接口描述符 315,表示音频输入流传输状态接口。 当 USB主机开始接收音频数据时 , 发送 Set Interface命令选择此接口。
输入数据流格式描述符 316, 描述设备发出的音频数据流参数, 包括釆 样精度、 釆样频率, 音频格式。
USB输入端点描述符 317,描述 Audio设备使用的发送音频数据的 ISO 端点号及端点属性。
在步骤 S104中: 图 4是根据本发明实施例的 USB音频传输设备的枚举过程的流程图。 在该过程中, 图 2和图 3所示的 USB描述符发送给 USB主机,完成设备的 枚举与识别过程。 图 4包括以下步骤:
步骤 401 , USB总线复位。 USB总线复位使 USB设备的设备地址恢复 到默认地址, 准备好接收 USB主机驱动发出的枚举命令。
步骤 402 , USB 主机驱动向设备请求设备描述符。 在该步骤中, USB 设备将其设备描述符返回给 USB主机。
步骤 403 , USB主机驱动设置设备的地址。 在该步骤中, USB主机向 设备发出设置地址的命令。 USB设备在接收到此命令后, 将获得的地址填 入到 USB设备控制器的地址寄存器中。此步骤之后的 USB数据传输均在该 地址上完成。
步骤 404, USB 主机驱动向设备请求配置描述符。 在该步骤中, USB 主机向设备发出命令请求设备的配置描述符。 USB设备需要将图 3中所示 的 USB Audio设备的三个接口描述符, 连同 USB复合设备中其他子设备的 接口描述符包含在 USB复合设备配置描述符中一同返回给 USB主机。
步骤 405 , USB主机驱动解析配置描述符, 选择 USB配置。 USB主机 在得到设备返回的配置描述符后, 启动解析描述符的流程。 该流程将验证 配置描述符的正确性, 并解析出复合设备配置描述符中包含的子设备个数 及类型。 当配置描述符正确无误时, USB主机驱动向设备发出选择配置的 命令, 使当前的 USB配置生效。
步骤 406, USB主机驱动加载子设备驱动。 USB主机根据步骤 405中 解析出的 USB子设备信息分别加载各个子设备的驱动程序。本发明的 USB Audio设备将加载 USB Audio设备驱动程序。 至此 USB设备的枚举及识别 过程完成, 设备进入就绪状态, 等待启动数据传输的指令。
在步骤 S106中: 响应 USB主机发出的 Set Interface命令, 启动或停止音频数据流的接 收或者发送, 具体包括:
1、 当主机发出选定接口命令, 选择了数据传输接口后, 移动终端打开 USB总线帧起始中断。
2、 当帧起始中断产生时, 在数据传输的 ISO端点发送和接收一帧音频 数据。
3、 当主机发出选定接口命令, 选择了非数据传输接口后, 移动终端关 闭 USB总线帧起始中断。 停止音频数据的接收和发送。
综上,使用 USB ISO端点传输音频数据所需的带宽在 USB主机侧是预 留的, 可以保证 USB的总线带宽不会被复合设备中的其他子设备耗尽, 因 此即便在 USB总线极其繁忙的情况下音频的上下行数据也能够正常传输。
此外, 在移动终端的 USB复合设备驱动程序中, 对设备中的各个子设 备所使用的传输数据的端点进行优先级划分: 对于实时性要求较高的数据 传输端点, 音频传输用的 ISO端点划分为高优先级端点; 对于实时性要求 较低的设备, 如 AT端口、 Modem端口、 大容量存储设备等所使用的端点 划为低优先级端点。 当 USB传输中断产生时, 优先处理高优先级端点上的 数据传输请求; 仅当高优先级端点上的数据传输请求完毕后, 再处理其他 低优先级端点的数据传输请求。
并且, 当低优先级端点一次请求传输的数据长度过长时, 将该请求拆 分为几个较小的数据包进行。 具体地, 参考图 5 , 图 5根据本发明实施例的 USB驱动程序按优先级调度数据传输流程图, 包括:
步骤 501 , USB主机发出启动音频流传输指令。 此处的指令指的是图 3 说明中所述的设置接口 ( Set Interface )命令。 USB主机通过选择 Audio输 出数据流可选接口描述符 311或 Audio输入数据流可选接口描述符 315分 别启动输出数据流传输和输入数据流传输。 步骤 502,设置低优先级端点的最大允许数据传输长度。 当启动了音频 数据流传输后, 为了保证音频流传输的实时性, 设置低优先级端点的最大 允许数据传输长度, 保证音频数据流传输请求能够被及时处理。
步骤 503 , 开启 USB设备 SOF (帧起始) 中断。 由于 ISO数据传输与 USB的 SOF帧同步, 因此为了开始传输 ISO数据, 需要开启 USB设备控 制器的 SOF帧起始中断。 该中断在每个 SOF帧到来时发生。
步骤 504, 等待 USB传输中断产生。
步骤 505 , USB硬件控制器产生传输中断。 此处的中断包括用于 ISO 传输的 SOF帧中断和其他 USB端点的传输中断及 DMA控制器产生的中断。
步骤 506,根据各个端点的优先级设置情况和数据传输状态, 判断在高 优先级端点上是否有数据传输请求。 如果是转到步骤 510, 否则转到步骤 507。
步骤 507,判断当前低优先级端点上请求的数据传输长度是否超过允许 的最大数据长度。 如果当前设置了最大允许数据传输长度, 且请求传输的 长度已经超过了允许值, 则转到步骤 509, 否则转到步骤 508。
步骤 508, 按照低优先级端点请求的数据长度传输数据。
步骤 509, 在低优先级端点上仅传输允许长度(小于预设的允许值)的 数据。
步骤 510, 在高优先级的端点上传输全部长度请求数据。
步骤 511 , 本次传输结束, 等待下一次 USB传输中断。
步骤 512, USB主机发出停止音频流传输指令。 此处的指令指的是图 3 说明中所述的设置接口 ( Set Interface )命令。 USB主机通过选择 Audio输 出数据流接口描述符 310或 Audio输入数据流接口描述符 314分别停止输 出数据流传输和输入数据流传输。 当且仅当输入流和输出流全部被停止后, USB音频流传输全部停止, 并进入步骤 513。 步骤 513 , 关闭 SOF帧中断。 关闭 SOF帧中断后, USB设备控制器硬 件不会在 SOF帧到来时产生中断, ISO传输被中止。
步骤 514,取消低优先级端点的最大允许数据传输长度限制。 由于所有 的高优先级端点的数据流传输已停止, 因此取消低优先级端点的最大允许 数据传输长度, 以提高优先级端点数据传输效率。
步骤 515 , 等待 USB传输中断产生, 进行下一次 USB传输。
通过上述处理, 可以使高优先级端点的数据优先发送, 并限制低优先 级端点一次占用移动终端内部传输资源的时间, 使高优先级端点上的数据 传输请求能够得到快速响应。
按照本发明所提供步骤实现的 USB音频传输接口设备符合 USB-IF的 USB Audio Class设备标准, 并且, 本发明实现的 USB音频传输接口设备在 Windows, Linux和 MAC OS操作系统上均有操作系统自带驱动程序, 本发 明实现的 USB音频传输接口设备在上述的操作系统上表现为声卡设备, 从 设备中传输音频数据均可使用操作系统提供的 API访问。
根据本发明的实施例, 还提供了一种移动终端。
该移动终端釆用 USB复合设备实现功能接口,USB复合设备又包括有: USB音频设备和非 USB音频设备, 其中, 非 USB音频设备至少包括以下 设备: AT端口、 Modem端口、 存储设备 (或称为大容量存储设备)。
图 6是根据本发明实施例的移动终端的结构框图, 如图 6所示, 该移 动终端进一步包括: 接口描述符设置模块 10和发送模块 20。
接口描述符设置模块 10,用于设置 USB音频设备的接口描述符,其中, 接口描述符用于描述 USB音频设备传输音频数据所需的信息。 USB音频设 备的接口描述符进一步包括: 音频控制接口描述符、 上行音频数据流接口 描述符和下行音频数据流接口描述符。
发送模块 20,用于将接口描述符设置模块 10设置的接口描述符发送至 USB主机, 使得 USB主机根据接口描述符完成对 USB音频设备的枚举和 识别。
这样, 通过上述结构, 在 USB总线带宽不足的情况下, 能够保证高品 质的音频传输效果。
参考图 6, 该移动终端进一步包括: 优先级设置模块 30, 用于将 USB 音频设备的数据传输端点设置为高优先级端点, 将非 USB音频设备的数据 传输端点设置为低优先级端点。 当 USB传输中断产生时, USB主机优先处 理来自 USB音频设备的数据传输请求,在处理完来自 USB音频设备的数据 之后, USB主机再处理其他低优先级端点的数据请求。
另外, 该移动终端还包括拆分模块(图中未示), 用于将超过阔值的非 USB音频设备请求传输的数据, 拆分为多个数据包。 该非 USB音频设备即 为低优先级端点, 当非 USB音频设备一次请求传输的数据长度过长时 (数 据长度超过预设的阔值 ), 则将该请求传输的数据拆分为几个较小的数据包 进行传输。
在具体应用中, 上述的移动终端包括但不限于: 无线数据卡、 内置于 笔记本的无线数据模块或者应用于行业场景的机器到机器(M2M, Machine To Machine )模块等设备。
综上所示, 釆用本发明实现的 USB音频数据传输与现有技术相比, 具 有以下效果:
( 1 )在 USB总线带宽不足的情况下, 保证了高品质的音频传输效果; ( 2 )在移动终端处理任务较重时或内部总线带宽及硬件资源不足时, 保证了高品质的音频传输效果;
( 3 )使移动终端的音频功能能够快速方便的移植到不同的操作系统与 应用场景下, 特别适合对应用场景复杂的行业应用的快速响应需求。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例而已, 并不用于限制本发明, 对于本领 域的技术人员来说, 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的精神和 原则之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的权 利要求范围之内。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种音频传输的实现方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
为 USB复合设备中的 USB音频设备设置接口描述符,其中,所述接口 描述符用于描述所述 USB音频设备传输音频数据所需的信息;
所述 USB音频设备将其接口描述符发送至 USB主机, 使得所述 USB 主机根据所述 USB音频设备的接口描述符完成对所述 USB音频设备的枚举 和识别;
所述 USB音频设备与所述 USB主机进行音频数据传输。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述 USB音频设备的 接口描述符进一步包括:
音频控制接口描述符、 上行音频数据流接口描述符和下行音频数据流 接口描述符。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述 USB复合设备包 括: USB音频设备和非 USB音频设备, 所述 USB音频设备与所述 USB主 机进行音频数据传输进一步包括:
所述 USB复合设备优先处理来自所述 USB音频设备的数据传输请求; 在所述 USB音频设备的数据传输请求处理完之后,所述 USB复合设备 处理来自所述非 USB音频设备的数据传输请求。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述 USB复合设备处 理来自所述非 USB音频设备的数据传输请求进一步包括:
当所述非 USB音频设备请求传输的数据超过阔值时,所述 USB复合设 备将请求传输的数据拆分为多个数据包进行处理。
5、 根据权利要求 3或 4所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述非 USB音频 设备包括以下至少之一: AT端口、 Modem端口、 存储设备。
6、 一种移动终端, 其包括 USB复合设备, 所述 USB复合设备进一步 包括 USB音频设备和非 USB音频设备的,其特征在于,所述移动终端进一 步包括:
接口描述符设置模块, 用于设置所述 USB音频设备的接口描述符, 其 中,所述接口描述符用于描述所述 USB音频设备传输音频数据所需的信息; 发送模块, 用于将所述接口描述符发送至 USB 主机, 使得所述 USB 主机根据所述接口描述符完成对所述 USB音频设备的枚举和识别。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的移动终端, 其特征在于, 所述 USB音频设 备的接口描述符进一步包括:
音频控制接口描述符、 上行音频数据流接口描述符和下行音频数据流 接口描述符。
8、 根据权利要求 6所述的移动终端, 其特征在于, 所述移动终端进一 步包括:
优先级设置模块, 用于将所述 USB音频设备的数据传输端点设置为高 优先级端点,以使所述 USB主机优先处理来自所述 USB音频设备的数据传 输请求。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的移动终端, 其特征在于, 所述移动终端进一 步包括:
拆分模块, 用于将超过阔值的所述非 USB音频设备请求传输的数据, 拆分为多个数据包。
10、 根据权利要求 6至 9中任一项所述的移动终端, 其特征在于, 所 述非 USB音频设备包括以下至少之一: AT端口、 Modem端口、 存储设备。
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