WO2011149373A1

WO2011149373A1 - Device for loading powdered explosive compositions into munitions

Info

Publication number: WO2011149373A1
Application number: PCT/RU2010/000268
Authority: WO
Inventors: Александр Анатольевич БАБИНЦЕВ; Юрий Федорович ГАРЦЕВ; Виктор Алексеевич ДРОГАНОВ; Николай Борисович ЗАТРУБЩИКОВ; Анатолий Иванович КОШКИН; Бронислав Вячеславович МАЦЕЕВИЧ; Вячеслав Константинович ОРЛОВ; Анатолий Васильевич САВЕНКОВ; Маркс Иосифович ШТРОМ
Priority date: 2010-05-26
Filing date: 2010-05-26
Publication date: 2011-12-01
Also published as: RU2520585C1

Abstract

The invention relates to the munitions industry and can be used for forming, inside the munition body itself, bursting charges from powerful explosive compositions that are sensitive to external friction. The device for loading powdered explosive compositions into munitions comprises: a pressing mechanism with a hydraulic cylinder and a pressing instrument; a cross member with a crank drive; a mechanism for clamping and turning the munition body; a feeder with a mixer; and a pressing instrument position indicator. The rod end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the piston end by a hydraulic supply line via a hydraulic control valve, a relief valve and a compensating vessel, arranged in parallel. The shaft of the crank drive is connected via a sine mechanism to a ratchet coupling of the turning mechanism. The pressing instrument position indicator comprises: a pointer with a friction clutch; a scale; a planet carrier; and a device for monitoring the layer-by-layer growth of the charge. The latter device comprises a sensor and a perforated rule. The result is an increase in the efficiency and safety of the process of forming bursting charges from powerful explosive compositions.

Description

AMMUNITION EQUIPMENT FOR POWDER-EXPLOSIVE EXPLOSIVES

The invention relates to the equipment industry and can be used to form explosive charges (RE) from powerful explosive compositions (AF), sensitive to external friction, directly in the shell of the munition (BP).

A device for equipping a PSU with powdered aircraft containing a hopper, a pressing tool (PI) is a screw screw designed for transporting aircraft from the hopper to the PSU housing and its subsequent compaction, an idle drive of the PI and its rotational drive, a hydraulic cylinder, a backpressure valve and movable traverse (Condensed energy systems. A brief encyclopedic dictionary edited by B. Zhukov - M: Janus-K, 1999 with 584).

This device is suitable for compaction of trotyl-containing blasting aircraft, but is not suitable for the formation of REs from powerful friction sensitive hexogen-containing aircraft, since significant friction forces are overcome when the screw rotates, the operation of which causes heating of the aircraft and its detonation.

To form a RE from powerful high-sensitivity aircraft, a device is used to compact the aircraft in small portions, where the portions of bulk aircraft are sequentially fed into the BP case and each portion is compressed to a predetermined density by a punch that performs reciprocating and angular movement around its axis (N.F. Kunin. , Yurchenko BD Screwing of explosives. M. House of equipment of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, 1957 with software). This device contains a hydraulic cylinder, to the rod of which a platform with a seat socket is attached, a punch (press tool) equipped with reciprocating and rotary drives, a dispenser and a back pressure system. The disadvantages of this device are its low manufacturability due to the gravitational method of supplying aircraft from the hopper and its low productivity. In addition, in this device there is no control device that ensures the safety of the formation of RE. For example, when the supply of aircraft to the BP chamber is stopped or the backpressure valve fails, the downward movement of the plunger of the hydraulic cylinder along with the BP case to be filled stops, which will inevitably lead to an increase in temperature under the PI end face and a possible thermal explosion.

Known press for powder materials, including for pressing powder aircraft in artillery shells. The press contains a tamper mechanism, a bulk doser, a copier and an angular rotation mechanism for the projectile body. The ramming mechanism is made in the form of a double-acting vertical hydraulic cylinder, to the plunger rod of which a press tool is attached. The dispenser is equipped with a stirrer and a batch feed device for the BC through a flexible mass pipe to the central opening of the PI. On the base of the press bed, a rotary platform with a socket is installed in which the shell of the projectile is installed. The platform is equipped with an angular displacement drive from a hydraulic motor (US patent 2.927.499 from 03/08/1960) - a prototype.

When the press is operating, the plunger rod is lowered to the lower position and the PI is introduced into the projectile chamber. Further, the hydraulic system provides alternate connection of the hydraulic cylinder cavities to the pressure line, due to which the reciprocating device is notified of the press tool. Powder aircraft from the batcher through a flexible mass pipe is fed to the central hole of the PI and is gravitationally transported under the pressing heel of the PI. When lowering the PI down, the incoming portion of the aircraft is compressed. When the PI is raised up, the platform angular displacement drive is turned on and the shell of the projectile is rotated by a certain angle, thereby ensuring uniform compaction of the aircraft in the charge cross section.

The disadvantages of this device include, firstly, the high complexity of the hydraulic control system, which should provide not only idle movements of the PI when it is inserted into the PSU chamber, but also inform the PI of the reciprocating movements and simultaneously support the top the cavity of the hydraulic cylinder a certain level of pressure to provide the necessary density of the generated charge. The complexity of the design of the hydraulic system is also reflected in the technological capabilities of the press, which will not allow to achieve high productivity. Secondly, the rotation of the shell of the projectile at a certain angle should be tightly synchronized in time with the moment of separation of the PI from the pressed layer of the aircraft. In this device, the rotation of the projectile occurs from the hydraulic actuator and its rigid synchronization with the movement of the PI is absent, which is fraught with emergencies. In the event of a failure of a link in the body rotation control circuit, simultaneous pressing and rotation are possible. The frictional forces arising from this cause local heating under the fifth PI and, as a result, a thermal explosion. Thirdly, for the formation of RE from powerful aircraft, the press must be equipped with control devices that ensure the safety of the equipment process, which is also absent in the design of the press under consideration. For example, when an aircraft hangs in a flexible mass pipe, PI, without receiving new portions of aircraft under the pressing surface, constantly acts on the already pressed charge layer, causing it to warm up, which can also create an emergency.

The task to which the claimed invention is directed is to create a device for equipping ammunition with powder explosive compositions, which, by simplifying the design and introducing additional control devices, improves the manufacturability and safety of the compaction process of sensitive aircraft.

It should be noted here that technological operations associated with the processing of aircraft, in this case pressing, are classified as highly dangerous, and for this reason they are carried out in armored cabs. For visual control of the process of supplying BP equipment outside the cockpit, a panel is installed on which the mockup of the munition tracks the position of the PI inside the enclosure.

The claimed device for ammunition equipment was presented with the following technical requirements: improving the manufacturability of the aircraft compaction process and, as a consequence, the productivity of the installation. One of the directions that provide these requirements may be the improvement of the design of the device.

improving the safety of the compaction process of highly sensitive aircraft by introducing special control devices into the design.

To achieve these technical requirements, a device is proposed for equipping ammunition with powdered aircraft sensitive to external friction, containing a pressing (ramming) mechanism with a hydraulic cylinder, a crosshead with a crank drive mounted on vertical guides, a clamping and turning mechanism for the PSU, a feeder with a mixer and PI position indicator. In contrast to the known technical solutions, the traverse is rigidly connected to the hydraulic cylinder, the actuator of the rod of which is made in the form of two pneumatic cylinders connected to the last horizontal plate. PI is installed in the slot of the plate. The rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder is connected by a hydraulic line, including a parallel-mounted shut-off valve and a safety valve, with its piston cavity and a compensation tank for the working fluid. The latter is made in the form of a cylinder with a piston interacting with the pneumatic line. The shaft of the crank mechanism is connected through the sine mechanism to the ratchet clutch of the BP rotation mechanism, and the PI position indicator is equipped with a device for monitoring layer-by-layer charge growth.

Structurally, the PI position indicator is made in the form of a pointer mounted in the housing with the ability to move along the guide rod and equipped with a friction clutch. In turn, the pointer through the carrier is connected by a flexible transmission with PI.

The device for controlling layer-by-layer charge growth includes a proximity sensor mounted on a pointer, a perforated ruler installed in the indicator case, and elements of a logic circuit.

The inventive device for equipment has the following advantages: equipping the device with a traverse having a crank drive and a pressing mechanism rigidly connected to the hydraulic cylinder, the rod of which in turn is connected to the drive of two pneumatic cylinders through a horizontal plate with a fixed PI, allows you to separate the two types of movement of the PI involved in the equipment process. Single displacements of PI associated with its entry into the PSU body before pressing and bringing it to its original upper position after pressing is carried out by a pneumatic drive from two pneumatic cylinders. The working (reciprocating) movements of the PI are communicated to the latter from the crank drive through a rigid connection of the traverse and the hydraulic cylinder. This separation of the actuators of the movement of the PI allows to simplify the design of the device, and due to the mechanical connection of the drive of the reciprocating movement, significantly increase the number of double strokes of the PI, which positively affects the performance of the device.

the connection of the rod and piston cavity of the hydraulic cylinder with a highway, including a parallel-mounted shut-off valve and a safety valve, as well as a compensation tank made in the form of a cylinder with a piston interacting with the pneumatic line, can quite simply and reliably solve the problem of regulating the pressure created in the piston cavity of the hydraulic cylinder during pressing . Due to this, the required density of the resulting charge is achieved.

the implementation of the indicator of the position of the PI in the form of a pointer mounted in the housing with the ability to move along the scale and equipped with a friction clutch, and interacting with it carrier connected by a flexible transmission with a movable plate, allows you to visually control the process of equipping ammunition.

equipping the indicator with a device for monitoring layer-by-layer charge growth, which includes a proximity sensor mounted on the pointer, a perforated ruler installed in the case, and elements of the logic circuit, allows solving the problem of increasing the safety of the charge pressing process. Therefore, all the essential features of the claimed invention are causally related to the achieved technical result. Other technical solutions, in addition to the prototype, partially coinciding with the distinctive features of the claimed invention, have not been identified.

Figure 1 shows the kinematic diagram of a device for equipping ammunition with powdered aircraft.

Figure 2 is an indicator of the position of the press tool.

In FIG. 3 is a diagram of a cut-off valve and a safety valve.

The proposed device is a mechanical press with a hydraulic back pressure system. The device is placed in an armored cab (not shown in Fig. 1) and contains a crosshead 1 mounted on four columns with the possibility of reciprocating movement from the crank drive 2. The hydraulic cylinder 3 is rigidly fixed to the crossarm, the rod of which is connected to the rods of two pneumatic cylinders 4 by movable plate 5. A press tool 6 is installed in the slot 5 of the plate. The rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 3 is connected to its piston cavity by a highway 7 containing a shut-off valve 8 connected in parallel, Yelnia valve 9 and the compensation capacitance 10, formed as a cylinder. The rod cavity of this cylinder is connected to the compressed air line, and a pressure valve I is installed in the hydraulic line of the piston cavity. The pneumatic cylinders 4 drive the idle displacements PI 6, and the safety valve 9 is used to adjust the pressure value in the piston cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 3, due to which it is achieved required density of the pressed charge.

The clamping mechanism 12 is designed to fix the shell of the ammunition at the pressing position. The movable platform of this mechanism is equipped with a drive from two pneumatic cylinders 13, the rods of which are rigidly connected to the press frame. A feeder 14 with a mixer 15 is installed on the platform. The feeder is equipped with a shutter driven by a pneumatic cylinder 16.

The conical cup of the pallet 17 is intended for installation of a PSU in it. The pallet is kinematically connected to the sinus mechanism 18 through a gear rack 19 and ratchet mechanism 20. The sinus mechanism 18, in turn, is connected through a system of gears to the main drive (not shown in FIG. 1). Outside the armored car, a position indicator21 of the press tool 6 is installed for visual observation of the process of equipping the BP case. Observation is carried out by the position of the arrow-pointer 22 (Fig. 2) relative to the PSU case. The pointer is equipped with a friction clutch 23 and is mounted on the rod with the possibility of translational movement along it when interacting with the carrier 24. In turn, the carrier is driven through a rolling pin 25 and the cable transmission 26 is connected to the movable plate 5. The indicator 21 is equipped with a device for controlling layer-by-layer charge growth, which includes a proximity sensor 27 mounted on the pointer 22, and a perforated ruler 28 installed in the indicator housing.

A device for equipping a BP works as follows:

the empty PSU case on a trolley (not shown in the drawing) is transported to the equipment position and installed in the pan tray 17. Next, the pneumatic actuator 13 is turned on, and the movable platform of the clamping mechanism 12 by the tapered sleeve is lowered to the point of the PSU case, pressing the case to the pallet 17. The pneumatic cylinder 16 is activated and the gate of the feeder opens. 14. Powdered aircraft by gravity is fed from the hopper of the feeder into the PSU case. At the same time, the pneumatic actuators 4 are turned on, and the movable plate 5 connected with the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 3 is lowered down. In this case, the working fluid (oil) from the lower cavity of the hydraulic cylinder flows into the piston cavity through the open valve 8. When lowering the plate 5, PI 6 is introduced into the power supply unit, and the aircraft passes through the annular gap between the hopper bushing of the feeder and PI 6 and into its longitudinal channel PSU case.

In the lower position of PI 6, the pneumatic actuators 4 are turned off, the distributor 8 is closed and the crank drive 2 is turned on. In this case, the press tool 6 is notified of reciprocating movements, and the BP case is angled from the sinus mechanism 18, the rack 19 and the ratchet 20. when the PI moves down, the BP case stands motionless and the aircraft is compressed under the pressing end of the PI, and when moving up and the PI is separated from the pressed layer shell rotates at a certain angle, providing subsequent uniform compaction in the cross section of the shell of the ammunition.

In the process of compaction of the aircraft, the axial force perceived by the PI 6 is transmitted through the piston of the hydraulic cylinder 3 to the working fluid, due to which the pressure in the hydraulic line 7 rises (visual control by pressure gauge). Upon reaching a pressure value at which the density of the pressed charge reaches a predetermined value, the pressure relief valve 9 adjusted to this pressure value opens and transfers a portion of the working fluid to the rod cavity of the cylinder and the compensation tank 10. After the formation of the charge is completed, the feeder 15 is turned off, the drive stops translational motion 2 and opens the control valve 8. Next, the pneumatic actuator 4 is activated, and PI 6 returns to its original (upper) position.

Visually, the progress of filling the BP case is carried out by indicator 21. In the normal course of the process, the arrow of the pointer 22 after each double stroke PI 6 rises up the bar by an amount equal to the thickness of the compressed layer of the aircraft. In this case, at the output of the sensor 27, which interacts with the perforated ruler 28, successive equally alternating pulses are formed. In the event of a violation of the normal course of the process (termination of the aircraft intake, failure of the safety valve and other malfunctions), the PI 6 stops moving relative to the hydraulic cylinder 3, which can lead to a local temperature increase under the PI end face. In this case, the sensor 27 also stops its movement relative to the ruler and this is fixed by the elements of the logic circuit. A team is formed to urgently interrupt the pressing process. This eliminates the danger of an emergency.

The use of this invention will significantly improve the performance of ammunition equipment with powerful highly sensitive aircraft and the safety of the process of formation of an explosive charge.

Claims

CLAIM

1. A device for equipping ammunition with powdered explosive compositions, comprising a pressing mechanism with a hydraulic cylinder and a press tool, a traverse with a crank drive mounted on the guide columns, clamping and turning mechanisms of the munition, a feeder with a stirrer and an indicator of the position of the press tool, different the fact that the traverse is rigidly connected to the hydraulic cylinder, the rod drive of which is made in the form of two pneumatic cylinders connected to the rod by a horizontal plate with a pre-mounted c-tool, the rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder is connected by a hydraulic line, including a shutoff valve and a safety valve installed in parallel, with a piston cavity and a compensation tank made in the form of a cylinder with a piston interacting with the pneumatic line, the crank shaft is connected via a sine mechanism to the ratchet clutch of the mechanism rotation, and the indicator is equipped with a device for controlling layer-by-layer charge growth.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the position indicator of the press tool is made in the form of a pointer mounted in the housing with the ability to move along the guide along the scale and equipped with a friction clutch, and a carrier that interacts with it, connected by a flexible transmission with a movable plate.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for controlling the layer-by-layer charge growth is made in the form of a proximity sensor mounted on a pointer and a perforated ruler mounted motionless in the indicator case.