WO2011146478A1 - Procédé et système pour climatisation à efficacité améliorée - Google Patents

Procédé et système pour climatisation à efficacité améliorée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011146478A1
WO2011146478A1 PCT/US2011/036801 US2011036801W WO2011146478A1 WO 2011146478 A1 WO2011146478 A1 WO 2011146478A1 US 2011036801 W US2011036801 W US 2011036801W WO 2011146478 A1 WO2011146478 A1 WO 2011146478A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
scrubbing
circulated
circulated air
enclosed environment
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2011/036801
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Udi Meirav
Original Assignee
Enverid Systems, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Enverid Systems, Inc. filed Critical Enverid Systems, Inc.
Priority to KR1020127032893A priority Critical patent/KR20130124158A/ko
Priority to JP2013511289A priority patent/JP2013526697A/ja
Priority to BR112012029309A priority patent/BR112012029309A2/pt
Priority to CN2011800352414A priority patent/CN103119376A/zh
Publication of WO2011146478A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011146478A1/fr
Priority to PCT/US2012/038343 priority patent/WO2012158911A2/fr
Priority to JP2014511536A priority patent/JP2014522298A/ja
Priority to CN201810520326.5A priority patent/CN108579706A/zh
Priority to CN201280023387.1A priority patent/CN103648612A/zh
Priority to BR112013029302A priority patent/BR112013029302A2/pt
Priority to US15/353,021 priority patent/US9789436B2/en
Priority to US15/707,016 priority patent/US20180071672A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/60—Simultaneously removing sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
    • F24F8/10—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering
    • F24F8/15—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering by chemical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/72—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D53/48 - B01D53/70, e.g. hydrocarbons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/16—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by purification, e.g. by filtering; by sterilisation; by ozonisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
    • F24F8/10—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
    • F24F8/10—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering
    • F24F8/15—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering by chemical means
    • F24F8/158—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering by chemical means using active carbon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
    • F24F8/10—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering
    • F24F8/15—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering by chemical means
    • F24F8/167—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering by chemical means using catalytic reactions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
    • F24F8/60—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by adding oxygen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
    • B01D2251/304—Alkali metal compounds of sodium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
    • B01D2251/604—Hydroxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
    • B01D2251/606—Carbonates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
    • B01D2252/20—Organic absorbents
    • B01D2252/204—Amines
    • B01D2252/20478—Alkanolamines
    • B01D2252/20484—Alkanolamines with one hydroxyl group
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/106—Silica or silicates
    • B01D2253/108—Zeolites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D2257/402—Dinitrogen oxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/502—Carbon monoxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/06—Polluted air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/50—Air quality properties
    • F24F2110/65—Concentration of specific substances or contaminants
    • F24F2110/66—Volatile organic compounds [VOC]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/50—Air quality properties
    • F24F2110/65—Concentration of specific substances or contaminants
    • F24F2110/70—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/50—Air quality properties
    • F24F2110/65—Concentration of specific substances or contaminants
    • F24F2110/72—Carbon monoxide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/10—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of nitrous oxide (N2O)
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Definitions

  • the present application generally relates to air circulation systems and in particular to removal of various substances from and/or cleaning of air circulation systems.
  • HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning
  • Central HVAC systems in buildings typically include one or more central air handling unit(s) and an air distribution system, where supply air is directed to various parts of a building through a network of ducts, and return air flows from these spaces, through other ducts or a plenum, back to the air handling unit(s).
  • the air In the air handling unit, the air is cooled and/or heated, as well as filtered and often dehumidified and/or humidified, as needed.
  • HVAC systems constantly circulate air through the building while continually adjusting its temperature and humidity to maintain comfortable environment.
  • exhaust air In order to maintain good air quality, not all the air is recirculated. Some of the air leaks out through doors, windows, etc. and some fraction of the circulating air is intentionally exhausted outside the building. This is referred to as exhaust air.
  • the exhaust air is replaced by an intake of outside air, also known as makeup air, to make up for the exhaust air being taken out. This is also referred to as "fresh air” or ventilation.
  • This replacement of air is done because occupants of the building and the equipment consume oxygen and emit carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) as well as a variety of other contaminants that gradually compromise quality and safety of the air. Such replacement of the air maintains fresh air quality.
  • Oxygen represents approximately 21% of atmospheric air and that is normally the desired level of indoor air as well.
  • C0 2 is present only in very low levels in the outside air, typically at a level of approximately 400 parts per million ("ppm").
  • ppm parts per million
  • the outside air represents an additional, and depending on the outside climate conditions often a significant, thermal load on the air handling unit.
  • the outside air injected into the HVAC system can require additional energy for cooling and dehumidifying the outside air and can represent a significant fraction of the entire thermal load and energy usage of the HVAC system.
  • the amount of exhaust air and outside air can be adjusted to meet the air quality standards.
  • Certain minimum amounts of levels of oxygen, C0 2 and other contaminants, a variety of organic gases collectively referred to as volatile organic compounds or VOCs, are often set to maintain air quality.
  • the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air- conditioning Engineers (“ASHRAE”) issues guidelines, including the ASHRAE Standard 62, for the amount of outside air ventilation recommended for a given space and number of occupants.
  • the greater the rate of air replacement the more energy is consumed by the HVAC system.
  • the amount of supply air used by an HVAC system can be reduced by removing unwanted substances such as gases, including carbon dioxide (C0 2 ), contaminants, particles, etc. using scrubbers or other devices that can separate these gases from the circulating air.
  • gases including carbon dioxide (C0 2 ), contaminants, particles, etc.
  • scrubbers or other devices that can separate these gases from the circulating air.
  • the quality of air can be further improved with injection of concentrated oxygen.
  • a fraction of the circulating air can be diverted though the scrubbers to achieve the desired result.
  • the HVAC system can include an oxygen injection system that can inject oxygen-enriched air into the circulated air.
  • a control system for use with an HVAC system can include a gas scrubbing system for removal of an unwanted substance gas from circulated air.
  • the control system can include a sensor for determining an amount of the unwanted substance(s), particle(s), gas(es), etc. in the circulated air.
  • a minimum level of outside air replacement can be maintained, and a controller can modify a rate of exhaust of circulating air and intake of outside air so as to adjust overall air replacement according to the measured amount of unwanted substance(s), particle(s), gas(es), etc. in the circulated air.
  • the control system also can include an oxygen sensor for determining an amount of oxygen in circulated air. The controller can further modify the rate of oxygen injection.
  • the system can be a modular system that can be connected to an HVAC system that can circulate air in an enclosed environment.
  • the modular system can include a module for scrubbing configured to reduce a level of an unwanted substance in the circulating air.
  • the current subject matter relates to a system for circulating air in an enclosed environment.
  • the system can include an inlet configured to receive an outside air from outside of the enclosed environment and an air handling unit coupled to the inlet to receive the outside air through the inlet and configured to receive a circulated air from the enclosed environment.
  • the air handling unit can be configured to affect a temperature of at least one of the received outside air and the received circulated air. Based on the received outside air and the received circulated air, the air handling unit can be further configured to generate air for supplying to the enclosed environment.
  • the current subject matter system can also include an air circulation system configured to circulate the generated air from the air handling unit to the enclosed environment and back to the air handling unit and a scrubbing system coupled to at least one of the air handling unit and the air circulation system and configured to reduce presence of at least one substance in the air supplied to the enclosed environment.
  • the current subject matter relates to a process for circulating air in an enclosed environment.
  • An outside air from outside of the enclosed environment and a circulated air from the enclosed environment are received.
  • At least one of the received outside air and the received circulated air are conditioned so as to supply at least one of the received outside air and the received circulated air at a desired temperature to the enclosed environment.
  • the conditioned air is circulated into and from the enclosed environment.
  • At least some of the received circulated air from the enclosed environment is scrubbed to reduce presence of at least one substance in the circulated air.
  • the scrubbed air is recirculated.
  • At least a portion of the circulated air is exhausted from the enclosed environment.
  • the current subject matter relates to a control system for use with an HVAC system having a gas scrubbing system for removal of an unwanted gas from circulated air.
  • the control system can include a sensor for determining an amount of the unwanted gas in the circulated air and a controller configured to modify a rate of exhaust of circulated air or intake of outside air so as to adjust an overall air replacement according to the measured amount of unwanted gas in the circulated air.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an HVAC system
  • Figure 2A is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary HVAC system incorporating substance scrubbing and oxygen injection components, according to some embodiments of the current subject matter;
  • Figure 2B is a block diagram illustrating another exemplary HVAC system, according to some embodiments of the current subject matter;
  • FIG. 2C is a block diagram illustrating yet another exemplary HVAC system, according to some embodiments of the current subject matter
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary HVAC system that can include a configuration of valves and lines allowing the scrubber to switch from an adsorption mode to a purge mode, according to some embodiments of the current subject matter;
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary HVAC system that can include an oxygen injection system, according to some embodiments of the current subject matter
  • Figure 5 illustrates an exemplary control flow for a controller for an HVAC system, according to some embodiments of the current subject matter.
  • Figure 6 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method according to some embodiments of the current subject matter.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a circulating central HVAC system 100.
  • the system 100 can be configured to provide air circulation to an occupied space 102 to which it is connected.
  • the system 100 further includes an air handling unit (“AHU") 106, which has both heating and cooling elements that modify temperature of the circulating air as it flows and comes in contact with these elements.
  • the system 100 can further include air intake duct(s) 108 connected to the AHU 106 via circulation lines 104 that allow intake of outside air (“OA”) into the system 100 and specifically AHU 106.
  • the system 100 can also include exhaust duct(s) 1 12 that receive return air (“RA") via lines 1 10 and expunge it as an exhaust air (“EA”) into the outside atmosphere (or any other environment).
  • RA return air
  • EA exhaust air
  • the fans or blowers that can be disposed in the AHU 106 force the flow of the conditioned supply air ("SA") through ducts that distribute the conditioned air throughout the various parts of the occupied space 102 (which can be an enclosed environment).
  • SA conditioned supply air
  • the following description refers to a building as an example of an enclosed environment 102.
  • the building 102 can have different zones for which rates of air flow can be different.
  • Return air can flow back to the air handling unit 106 via lines 1 14 and can be filtered to remove particles, bacteria, substances, various fumes, and/or a combination thereof. Some of the return air can be exhausted outside the building 102 as exhaust air. The air can be exhausted through valves that control the amount of exhaust air being released.
  • the HVAC system can be configured to exhaust and replace 100% of the air flow.
  • the constant replacement of exhaust air with outside air can be intended to maintain good air quality, and in particular, replenish oxygen consumed by the building occupants and remove substances, particles, gases (e.g., carbon dioxide), fumes other compounds, and/or a combination thereof generated by occupants, equipment and/or materials located inside the enclosed environment 102.
  • the enclosed environment 102 can be an office building, a commercial building, a bank, a residential building, a house, a school, a factory, a hospital, a store, a mall, an indoor entertainment venue, a storage facility, a laboratory, a vehicle, an aircraft, a ship, a bus, a theatre, a partially and/or fully enclosed arena, an education facility, a library and/or other partially and/or fully enclosed structure and/or facility which can be at times occupied by equipment, materials, live occupants (e.g., humans, animals, synthetic organisms, etc.), etc., and/or any combination thereof.
  • an office building a commercial building, a bank, a residential building, a house, a school, a factory, a hospital, a store, a mall, an indoor entertainment venue, a storage facility, a laboratory, a vehicle, an aircraft, a ship, a bus, a theatre, a partially and/or fully enclosed arena, an education facility, a library and/or other
  • FIGS 2A, 2B and 2C are block diagrams schematically illustrating various ways to incorporate air scrubbers in the HVAC system 100 shown in Figure 1 to allow reduction of exhaust air and outside air.
  • Figure 2A illustrates an HVAC system 202 that can be configured to incorporate a scrubber ("CS") 204 in line 1 14 that connects the intake line 104 and thereby the AHU 106 and the return air line 1 10.
  • the return air travelling along the line 1 10 can be split into a fraction that is diverted to the CS 204 and another fraction diverted to the exhaust duct 1 12 for expunging into the atmosphere.
  • CS scrubber
  • FIG. 2B illustrates another exemplary way of incorporating a scrubber into an HVAC system.
  • an HVAC system 206 can include a scrubber 208 that is connected to the line 1 14 (as opposed to being placed in the line 1 14, as shown in Figure 2A).
  • the return air travelling along the line 1 10 can be split into two fractions: one going to the exhaust duct 1 12 and the other going to the line 1 14.
  • the fraction of the return air that travels along the line 1 14 can be further split into a fraction that bypasses the CS 208 and the one that travels into the CS 208 for scrubbing.
  • the CS 208 scrubs or "cleans" that fraction, it is reentered into the line 1 14 for supplying to the AHU 106, as shown by the arrows in Figure 2B.
  • FIG. 2C illustrates yet another exemplary way of incorporating a scrubber into an HVAC system.
  • system 210 can include a scrubber 212 in the line 104 placed between the AHU 106 and the occupied space 106.
  • CS 212 any air that is travelling through the AHU 106 can be scrubbed or "cleaned" by CS 212 immediately before it enters the occupied space 102.
  • Other ways of incorporating a scrubber into an HVAC system are possible.
  • only a fraction of the circulating air stream can be diverted to the scrubber, which can intercept the flow of the diverted air.
  • the scrubber can subsequently allow scrubbed air to continue to flow back into the general circulation with substances, compounds, particles, fumes, gases (e.g., C0 2 ), etc. partially and/or fully captured, filtered, and/or removed from the scrubbed air.
  • the scrubber can be implemented in many different ways.
  • the scrubber 204, 208, 212 can use adsorbent materials, molecular sieves, porous materials, sponge-like materials, electrically and/or electro-magnetically charged liners or objects, any other chemical, biological attractants, and/or any combination thereof.
  • adsorbent materials molecular sieves, porous materials, sponge-like materials, electrically and/or electro-magnetically charged liners or objects, any other chemical, biological attractants, and/or any combination thereof.
  • Such materials can be placed in a container, stacked in columns, disposed as a sheet or a lining the inside of one or more lines of the system shown in the Figures 1-5.
  • porous materials have been shown to be effective adsorbents of C0 2 , notably a number of synthetic zeolites, but also porous alumina, and metal organic frameworks.
  • More recent developments in the field of solid adsorption or C0 2 include metal organic frameworks (U.S. Patent No. 6,930, 193 to Yaghi et al.; U.S. Patent No. 7,662,746 to Yaghi et al.) and amine-impregnated clays (U.S. Patent No. 6,908,497 to Siriwardane).
  • metal organic frameworks U.S. Patent No. 6,930, 193 to Yaghi et al.; U.S. Patent No. 7,662,746 to Yaghi et al.
  • amine-impregnated clays U.S. Patent No. 6,908,497 to Siriwardane.
  • These adsorbents can be suitable for use in the current subject matter systems described herein.
  • the current subject matter system can be implemented with any past, currently-available, and future adsorbents designed to scrub or "clean" air.
  • the combination of several different adsorbents in the same unit or as separate units may offer the
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary scrubber system 300 that can be incorporated into systems shown in Figures 1 and 2A-C, according to some embodiments of the current subject matter.
  • the system 300 includes a scrubber 310, a circulating supply air valve 302 ("Valve 1"), a back-to-circulation valve 304 ("Valve 2"), a purge inlet valve 308 (“Valve 3"), and a purge exhaust valve 306 ("Valve 4").
  • the scrubber 310 can be configured to operate in two cycles: an adsorption cycle and a regeneration cycle, as discussed below. During the adsorption cycle, Valves 1 and 2 are open and can allow entry of, adsorption of substances, particles, fumes, gases, etc.
  • Valves 3 and 4 are closed. Whereas, during the regeneration cycle, Valves 1 and 2 are closed, while Valves 3 and 4 are open. Valves 1 and 2 can couple the scrubber 310 to the circulating lines, whereas Valves 3 and 4 can couple the scrubber 310 to the purging lines, as shown in Figure 3.
  • substances particles, fumes, gases, hazardous vapors (e.g., radioactive vapors) etc. (hereinafter, "substances") captured from the circulating air accumulate in the scrubber 310, the substances can be removed from the scrubber 310 at a predetermined rate. Removal of substances can be referred to as a “regeneration” or a “regeneration cycle". Such substances can be released into the atmosphere or otherwise collected, disposed of, sequestered, and/or any combination thereof. Regeneration can be achieved by a combination of heating, purging, pressure change, electrical energy, and/or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the release of substances can be achieved by a combination of heating and purging with air or other purge gas. Thus, an adsorption-desorption cycle can sometimes be referred to as a temperature-swing adsorption.
  • the scrubber 310 can be isolated from the HVAC system circulation by Valves 1 and 2, shown in Figure 3, and instead, can be connected to the incoming and outgoing purging lines using Valves 3 and 4. While Valves 1 and 2 are closed and Valves 3 and 4 are open during the regeneration cycle, purge gas, air, and/or any other purge substance can be configured to flow through the scrubber 310 while it is isolated from the air circulation system.
  • the scrubber 310 can run the adsorption and regeneration cycles at periodically, at predetermined times, and/or as necessary (for example, upon detection of adsorption of a particular substance or a specific amount of a substance).
  • the scrubber 310 can be also configured to run each cycle for a predetermined period of time.
  • the length of time that each cycle can be performed depends on the substance adsorbed/purged, time that it takes to adsorb/purge a substance or a particular amount of the substance, interior conditions, exterior conditions, type of the occupied space 102, energy usage, environmental regulations, commercial factors, and/or any other factors, and/or a combination of factors. If the scrubber regeneration interrupts the continual scrubbing process for an unacceptably long period of time, multiple scrubbers (not shown in Figure 3) can be used to avoid such interruption, so that when one scrubber is undergoing regeneration, another scrubber can be engaged in one of the cycles.
  • the scrubber adsorbent bed design can include an appropriate choice of adsorbent material, its amount, its spatial distribution, an air flow pattern and its overall capacity can be compatible with various airflow design requirements.
  • system size and cost versus throughput frequency of regeneration and energy requirements for regeneration can be also considered.
  • the amount of substances, C0 2 , VOCs, etc. that can be collected and released in each temperature swing adsorption cycle can depend on the amount of active and accessible adsorbent material, and for certain adsorbents can depend on the temperature gap between the adsorption and purge cycle. Thus, to achieve a certain rate of gas capture one can use less material and operate with more frequent purge cycles.
  • the cycles as well as their frequency can also depend on natural kinetic rates of adsorption and desorption for a particular material, flow rate and temperature that constrain the cycle time for a given amount of material.
  • a lower purge gas temperature can be used, which can reduce the amount of material desorbed per cycle.
  • an HVAC system having temperature swing adsorption with solid adsorbents can provide simplicity, durability, scalability to different sizes, and a relatively low operating cost.
  • substance, C0 2 , VOC, etc. scrubbing can be achieved by reactions with alkaline hydroxide bases.
  • substance, C0 2 , VOC, tec. scrubbing can be achieved using aqueous amine gas solutions, such as monoethanolamine or other amines that are well known.
  • scrubbing can be achieved by a chemical cycle in which sodium carbonate combines with carbon dioxide and water to form sodium bicarbonate (e.g., U.S. Patent No. 3,51 1595 to Fuchs).
  • Other techniques for removal of substances, C0 2 , VOCs, etc. can include selective membranes, for example, PRISM membranes from Air Products, Inc, or CYNARA membranes from Cameron International Corp. Since the scrubber can be a separate module in this systems, other scrubbing technologies (past, currently available, or future) can be used in such system without having to change its other components.
  • At least some of the above techniques can use heat for regeneration. Some of that heat can be obtained by harvesting waste heat produced by other systems nearby, including the compressor and the air handling unit of the HVAC system, as well as solar energy. This can further improve the overall economics of the system.
  • the purging of the adsorbent bed utilizes warm air from the cooling unit to purge the bed during regeneration.
  • solar energy can be collected on a rooftop unit and/or a separately located unit and used to heat the purge gas. Solar heating and harvesting compressor heat and other wasted heat can be used in combination with one another to minimize the energy usage of the system as a whole. Independent or additional heating can be performed to achieve a particular purge gas temperature in which case a heating coil, a furnace or a gas burner can be incorporated to the system before the entry point of the purge gas.
  • the scrubber (CS) 204 can be configured to intercept all of the return air flow, which might not be necessary or practical. This is illustrated in Figure 2B, where only some of the return air can be diverted to the scrubber 208 while the rest of the air can bypass the scrubber 208 and can flow directly to the air handling unit 106. In some embodiments, it is not essential that all of the air pass through the scrubber, as long over time a sufficient fraction of the unwanted substances, gases, etc. are captured and removed from the circulating air stream. In an embodiment shown in Figure 2C, the scrubber 212 can be positioned downstream from the air handling unit 106, which has the advantage of colder air entering the scrubber and cooling it.
  • any location of the scrubber can work, as long as there is over time adequate amount of contact between the circulating air and the scrubber somewhere along the flow path of the air before or after the air handling unit.
  • the scrubber(s) can be distributed in the occupied space 102.
  • the scrubber can collect C0 2 and potentially other substances that can be disposed of in various ways.
  • the collected substances can be released to the atmosphere, collected in containers for handling and disposing at another location, flowed through pipelines to another location or facility to be stored, processed and/or utilized, or otherwise disposed of in any other fashion.
  • C0 2 is beneficial for greenhouses and could be directed to such greenhouses by pipes or by containers.
  • these byproduct gases can be sequestered indefinitely simply to avoid releasing them into the atmosphere. There can be a higher cost to such disposition of these gases and, in some situations, it might not necessarily be economically justifiable to do so.
  • FIG 4 is a block diagram illustrating an HVAC system 400, according to some embodiments of the current subject matter.
  • the system 400 includes an air handling unit 402 configured to supply air circulation to an occupied space 102 via line 104, where return air is transported via line 1 10.
  • the system 400 also includes a scrubber 404 that is disposed in the line 1 14 connecting the supply air line 104 and the return air 1 10.
  • the scrubber 404 can be disposed in any other fashion (as illustrated in Figures 2A-2C) and can be configured to perform air scrubbing discussed above.
  • the system 400 further includes an oxygen concentrator 406.
  • the oxygen concentrator 406 can take its own outside air supply ("OA2"), as shown by the arrows, and can create a flow of concentrated oxygen (“O") into the supply air line 104.
  • the concentrated oxygen can be directed through an additional intake valve in to the air handling unit 402, upstream from the heating cooling elements.
  • the oxygen concentrator 406 can dispose of nitrogen ("N"), as indicated by the arrow in Figure 4, and potentially other by-products back to the atmosphere (or any other location, container, etc.).
  • N nitrogen
  • the amount of oxygen added to the circulating air can depend on flow rate and the oxygen concentration. In some embodiments, the latter can be substantially greater than 90% (e.g., as is the case in most commercially available concentrators). However, a lower concentration can be also used to achieve the desired results with a slightly higher flow rate.
  • the oxygen concentrator 406 can be implemented in a number of ways.
  • the technique for oxygen concentration can include a known Pressure Swing Adsorption (“PSA”) technique, Vacuum Swing Adsorption (“VSA”) technique, and/or any other technique and/or any combination thereof.
  • PSA Pressure Swing Adsorption
  • VSA Vacuum Swing Adsorption
  • Systems employing these techniques can come in different sizes and output capacities, as stand-alone systems for providing concentrated oxygen directly from air, as well as in any other forms.
  • Example VSA oxygen generating systems include at least one of the following: the PRISM VSA oxygen generation systems by Air Products Inc.; the OX YS WING product line by Alternative Gas Systems, Inc.; the ADSOSS line of oxygen generators by Linde; the VPSA oxygen generating system from Praxair Inc.
  • PSA/VSA systems can utilize highly porous adsorptive solids, usually a synthetic zeolite bed, in one or more container, typically shaped as a cylindrical column, and can use pumps and compressors to change the pressure of gases in these containers.
  • the technique can rely on differential adsorption of oxygen and nitrogen onto the adsorbent. Thus, it can take an inflow of normal air (or other gas mixtures) and generate two separate outputs: an oxygen-concentrated air and oxygen-depleted air.
  • One of the advantages of PSA/VSA systems is that these systems can continually generate oxygen for extended periods without much maintenance.
  • Cryogenic separation can be an effective way for large volumes and high purity, where the different condensation/boiling temperatures of different gases are used to separate oxygen from air.
  • Selective membranes and selective diffusion media can also separate oxygen from air.
  • Concentrated oxygen can also be generated from electrolysis of water, where electrical current through water generates oxygen gas on one electrode and hydrogen gas at the other. While these are energy intensive processes, pure hydrogen or nitrogen created as by products and can be collected and utilized for other applications.
  • exhaust air and outside air can be kept at a controlled level, which can be lower than in a conventional HVAC system but at a level that can be warranted or desired in order to assure that there is no gradual deterioration in air quality despite the benefits of the oxygen concentrator and the scrubbers.
  • the scrubber 404 can be configured to provide a majority of benefits related to circulation of quality air. This can be useful in scrubbing of carbon dioxide. While oxygen consumption and C0 2 emission go hand in hand and occur in almost identical molecular quantities, which can imply that a drop in oxygen concentration can be commensurate with a rise in C0 2 levels, as long as makeup air in the HVAC system is not eliminated altogether, even without a scrubber and an oxygen source, the oxygen and C0 2 levels can stabilize at certain asymptotical concentrations that together sum up approximately to 21 %, the same as that of outside air.
  • the asymptotic level of oxygen, X is given by
  • X Xo - B o /M (1 )
  • X 0 the concentration of oxygen in outside-air
  • B 0 the net amount of oxygen consumed (in CFM, liters/second or any other units) by the occupants
  • M the amount of outside air injected (in same units, CFM, liter/second, etc respectively).
  • C0 2 level, Y can be calculated by
  • oxygen replenishment is less critical: if outside air is at the normal 21% oxygen, and occupants of the occupied space consume oxygen at a rate of 2 CFM (cubic feet per minute) and exhale C0 2 at a similar rate, and if makeup air is at a relatively low 100 CFM, with no scrubbing or oxygen injection, then oxygen can gradually approach 19%, while C0 2 can approach 2%. There can also be elevated levels of other VOCs alongside the C0 2 . Whereas a 19% concentration of oxygen can be acceptable, a 2% concentration of C0 2 is not. Further, the VOC levels most likely will be unacceptably high as well.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary HVAC system 500 that includes an air handling unit 504, a central control system ("CC") 502, a scrubber 506, and a plurality of sensors (“Y") 531 , 533, 535 that can be installed in the occupied space 102.
  • the central control system 502 can be coupled to the components in the system 500 via various connections (e.g., electrically, wirelessly, wired, wireline, etc.) and can be configured to control them via issuance of various commands.
  • the central control system 502 can include a processor, a memory, a monitor, and or any other components.
  • the central control system 502 can be coupled to sensors 531, 533, 534 via connections 514, to the scrubber 506 via connections 516, and to the ducts 108, 1 12 via connections 512.
  • the system 502 can be also configured to control AHU, an oxygen concentrator (not shown), and/or any other components.
  • the sensors 531 , 533, 535 can be installed in various locations in the occupied space 102 and can be configured to provide a feedback to the system 502 system.
  • Sensors (Y) can be distributed through the occupied space and detect levels of one or more substances, gases (such as C0 2 and/or oxygen, and other gases), fumes, vapors, VOCs, etc., and/or any combination thereof.
  • Sensors for C0 2 are commercially available, examples of which include C7232 sensor from Honeywell Corp., TELAIRE sensors from General Electric, etc.
  • the sensor(s) (Y) can be configured to generate a data signal that can be transmitted to the central control system 502 for processing.
  • system 502 can generate appropriate commands to components within the system 500 (e.g., turn on a regeneration cycle of the scrubber 506; perform adsorption cycle at a predetermined time or when concentration of a substance reaches a certain level).
  • central control system (CC) 502 can be human operated, automated and/or computerized and can detect a signal from the sensors (Y). Based on these and the various parameters and settings of the system 500, the CC 502 can control and/or modify at least one of the following, in order to achieve targeted conditions: OC power (on/off), OC settings, OC valves (OC is not shown in Figure 5), CS settings, CS regeneration trigger, outside air flow rate, exhaust air flow rate, and any other functions.
  • the system 502 can have fail safe measures to prevent unwanted elevation of oxygen, and the ability to shut down either or both oxygen concentrator and scrubber if needed and compensate by increasing outside air and exhaust air levels to those of a conventional HVAC.
  • the control system 502 can permit the amount of scrubbing or injection of oxygen to be adjustable, whether directly or indirectly, whether electronically or manually. Adjustments can be achieved by changing the power or settings applied to the various compressors, pumps, motors, heaters, actuators or valves associated with the scrubbers and the oxygen concentrators.
  • the adjustments to the amount of scrubbing or oxygen injection can be automatically done in response to a measurement of air quality or air composition in one or more locations.
  • the adjustments to the amount of scrubbing or oxygen injection can also be automatically done based on building occupancy, time of day, day of the week, date, season or outside climate.
  • the scrubber 506 can be set to run at a constant operating mode.
  • the capacity and efficiency of the scrubber 506 in that mode can be selected based on the occupied space and the amount of activity in the occupied space, so as to maintain desirable levels of C0 2 (and/or other substances).
  • the control system 502 can control a rate of exhaust air and outside air.
  • the baseline can be a preset minimum. If the capacity and efficiency of the scrubber is insufficient to handle the C0 2 load, then the rate of exhaust air and outside air can be adjusted automatically to a higher level.
  • the oxygen flow can be separately controlled to maintain a target level of oxygen in the occupied space.
  • Both the control of the exhaust air valves and the oxygen inflow can be subject to a feedback loop, with a proportional-integral-differential ("PID") algorithm with upper and lower set points.
  • PID proportional-integral-differential
  • the coupling of the oxygen concentrator to the air flow manifold can be done using any tube of duct fitting, with or without a control valve and/or a flow meter.
  • the system can be designed in a modular way so that it can be retrofitted on a pre-existing or pre-designed HVAC system. This can be beneficial in buildings that already have HVAC systems, as the integration of the system can have relatively lower costs.
  • the oxygen concentrator and scrubber, with a control system can be installed and connected to a conventional HVAC system without having to replace the ductwork or the central air handling unit.
  • the current subject matter relates to a system for circulating air in an enclosed environment.
  • the system can include an inlet configured to receive an outside air from outside of the enclosed environment and an air handling unit coupled to the inlet to receive the outside air through the inlet and configured to receive a circulated air from the enclosed environment.
  • the air handling unit can be configured to affect a temperature of at least one of the received outside air and the received circulated air. Based on the received outside air and the received circulated air, the air handling unit can be further configured to generate air for supplying to the enclosed environment.
  • the current subject matter system can also include an air circulation system configured to circulate the generated air from the air handling unit to the enclosed environment and back to the air handling unit and a scrubbing system coupled to at least one of the air handling unit and the air circulation system and configured to reduce presence of at least one substance in the air supplied to the enclosed environment.
  • the current subject matter can also include one or more of the following optional features.
  • the scrubbing system can be configured to intercept at least a portion of the received circulated air prior to the circulated air reaching the air handling unit.
  • the scrubbing system can intercept at least a portion of the circulated air after the circulated air is processed by the air handling unit. In some embodiments, between approximately 1% to approximately 50% of the circulated air can be diverted to the scrubbing system and a remainder of the circulated air can bypass the scrubbing system. In some embodiments, between approximately 3% to approximately 25% of the circulated air can be diverted to the scrubbing system and a remainder of the circulated air can bypass the scrubbing system.
  • At least one substance in the air is carbon dioxide. In some embodiments, at least one substance in the air can include at least one of the following: volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxides and sulfur oxides.
  • the current subject matter system can include a control system coupled to at least one sensor, where at least one sensor is disposed in at least one of the following: the enclosed environment and the air circulation system. At least one sensor can determine a composition of the circulated air and provide the determination of the composition of the circulated air to the control system. Based on the determination of the composition of the circulated air, the control system can control at least one of the following: the scrubbing system and the air inlet system, and can be further configured to maintain a desired composition of the circulated air. An airflow through the inlet is such that the desired air quality can be maintained with a lower amount of outside air than would be possible without the scrubbing system.
  • the scrubbing system can include at least one adsorbent, wherein a concentration of the at least one substance is reduced by adsorption of the at least one substance onto the adsorbent.
  • At least one adsorbent can include at least one of the following: a molecular sieve, a synthetic zeolite, an activated charcoal, porous alumina, silica gel, a clay-based material, and a metal organic framework.
  • the scrubbing system can include at least one additional adsorbent. At least one additional adsorbent can be mixed with the at least one adsorbent in the scrubbing system.
  • the scrubbing system can include a plurality of beds, wherein each bed in the plurality of beds is configured to intercept a flow of circulated air, and at least two of beds in the plurality of beds have different adsorbents.
  • the scrubbing system can also include a system for controlling a reversible chemical reaction that includes carbon dioxide.
  • the reversible chemical reaction can be a sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate cycle. Also, the reversible chemical reaction can be between an amine compound and carbon dioxide.
  • the scrubbing system can utilize one or more bases.
  • the base can be an alkaline hydroxide.
  • the scrubbing system can be a temperature swing adsorption system.
  • the scrubbing system can further include a purge cycle during which a purge substance is applied to the scrubbing system to release the at least one substance from the scrubbing system.
  • the purge substance can be be gas.
  • the purge substance can be heated by applying heat generated a component of a heating, ventilation and air- conditioning system incorporating the air circulation system.
  • the current subject matter system can include a heating system configured to heat the purge substance.
  • the heating system can use solar energy.
  • the scrubbing system can include an adsorbent and a cooling system configured to cool the adsorbent, wherein the cooling system uses a chilled fluid provided by the air handling unit.
  • the scrubbing system can be coupled to the air circulation system such that at least one part of the circulated air is configured to flow through the scrubbing system and at least another part of the circulated air is configured to bypass the scrubbing system.
  • the current subject matter system can also include an oxygen injection system that injects oxygen or an oxygen-concentrated air into the circulated air.
  • the current subject matter system can further include a control system coupled to at least one sensor disposed in the enclosed environment. At least one sensor can determine an oxygen level in the circulated air and provide the determination of the oxygen level in the circulated air to the control system. Based on the determination of the oxygen level in the circulated air, the control system can control the oxygen injection system so as to maintain a desired level of oxygen in the circulated air.
  • the oxygen injection system can include at least one of the following: a pressure swing adsorption and a vacuum swing adsorption system.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary process 600 for circulating air in an enclosed environment, according to some embodiments of the current subject matter.
  • an outside air from outside of the enclosed environment and a circulated air from the enclosed environment are received.
  • at least one of the received outside air and the received circulated air are conditioned so as to supply at least one of the received outside air and the received circulated air at a desired temperature to the enclosed environment.
  • the conditioned air is circulated into and from the enclosed environment.
  • at least some of the received circulated air from the enclosed environment is scrubbed to reduce presence of at least one substance in the circulated air.
  • the scrubbed air is recirculated.
  • at least a portion of the circulated air is exhausted from the enclosed environment.
  • the current subject matter relates to a control system for use with an HVAC system having a gas scrubbing system for removal of an unwanted gas from circulated air.
  • the control system can include a sensor for determining an amount of the unwanted gas in the circulated air and a controller configured to modify a rate of exhaust of circulated air or intake of outside air so as to adjust an overall air replacement according to the measured amount of unwanted gas in the circulated air.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des systèmes et des procédés permettant la circulation d'air dans un environnement clos. L'invention peut comprendre une admission permettant de recevoir un air extérieur de l'extérieur de l'environnement clos et une unité de traitement de l'air accouplée à l'admission afin de recevoir l'air extérieur par l'intermédiaire de l'admission et conçue pour recevoir un air de circulation provenant de l'environnement clos. L'unité de traitement de l'air peut être conçue pour avoir une incidence sur une température de l'air extérieur reçu et/ou de l'air de circulation reçu. Sur la base de l'air extérieur reçu et de l'air de circulation reçu, l'unité de traitement de l'air peut en outre être conçue pour générer de l'air destiné à être fourni à l'environnement clos. Le système selon l'invention peut également comprendre un système de circulation d'air conçu pour permettre la circulation de l'air généré depuis l'unité de traitement de l'air vers l'environnement clos puis de nouveau vers l'unité de traitement de l'air, et un système de purification accouplé à l'unité de traitement de l'air et/ou au système de circulation d'air et conçu pour réduire la présence d'au moins une substance dans l'air fourni à l'environnement clos.
PCT/US2011/036801 2010-05-17 2011-05-17 Procédé et système pour climatisation à efficacité améliorée WO2011146478A1 (fr)

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KR1020127032893A KR20130124158A (ko) 2010-05-17 2011-05-17 공조 효율 개선을 위한 방법 및 시스템
JP2013511289A JP2013526697A (ja) 2010-05-17 2011-05-17 向上された効率の空気調整のための方法およびシステム
BR112012029309A BR112012029309A2 (pt) 2010-05-17 2011-05-17 método e sistema para melhor eficiência do condicionamento de ar
CN2011800352414A CN103119376A (zh) 2010-05-17 2011-05-17 用于改善空气调节效率的方法及系统
BR112013029302A BR112013029302A2 (pt) 2011-05-17 2012-05-17 sorventes para redução de dióxido de carbono a partir de ar de interior
PCT/US2012/038343 WO2012158911A2 (fr) 2011-05-17 2012-05-17 Sorbants pour diminuer la concentration en dioxyde de carbone contenu dans l'air intérieur
JP2014511536A JP2014522298A (ja) 2011-05-17 2012-05-17 屋内空気からの二酸化炭素の低減のための収着剤
CN201810520326.5A CN108579706A (zh) 2011-05-17 2012-05-17 用于从室内空气降低二氧化碳的吸着剂
CN201280023387.1A CN103648612A (zh) 2011-05-17 2012-05-17 用于从室内空气降低二氧化碳的吸着剂
US15/353,021 US9789436B2 (en) 2011-05-17 2016-11-16 Sorbents for carbon dioxide reduction from indoor air
US15/707,016 US20180071672A1 (en) 2011-05-17 2017-09-18 Sorbents for carbon dioxide reduction from indoor air

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US12/848,788 US20110277490A1 (en) 2010-05-17 2010-08-02 Method and System for Improved-Efficiency Air-Conditioning

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US20110277490A1 (en) 2011-11-17

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