WO2011144198A1

WO2011144198A1 - Transport and storage of hydrogen

Info

Publication number: WO2011144198A1
Application number: PCT/DE2011/000422
Authority: WO
Inventors: Karl-Werner Dietrich
Original assignee: Karl-Werner Dietrich
Priority date: 2010-05-17
Filing date: 2011-04-19
Publication date: 2011-11-24
Also published as: WO2011144198A4

Abstract

With hydrogen as a secondary energy carrier, renewable energies are stored together with the natural gas and transported by means of the gas network. Renewable energies are more quickly available in the form of hydrogen than in the form of electricity, because new high-voltage lines do not have to be constructed. In addition, renewable energies are thus able to act as a base-load energy source. The present invention relates to the conversion of, for example, wind electricity or solar electricity into hydrogen and the introduction of said hydrogen into natural gas. Together with the natural gas, the hydrogen is stored in the natural gas field and/or transported in the natural gas network to the consumption point. Because of the physical and combustion-related differences between hydrogen and natural gas, such mixtures cannot be used in the event of an unsteady mixture ratio, such as occurs in the nature of renewable energies, without continually measuring the hydrogen content. Thus, for example, the hydrogen content must be determined immediately before combustion and the metering of the gas mixture must be adapted to the calorific value of the gas mixture. This is a measure that is required practically at every consumption point and that must be supported both technically and legally. Technically, because the gas meter measures not only volume but also the hydrogen content, for example by means of the density, and legally, because the fluctuating calorific value of a fluctuating hydrogen/natural gas mixture must be considered in the law of weights and measures. Because the processing of a fluctuating gas mixture according to the invention requires careful market preparation, it can be advantageous to accumulate the hydrogen in the natural gas field for some time while still unmixed natural gas is extracted and delivered. For this purpose, the hydrogen is introduced into the natural gas field and, as soon as hydrogen can be detected in the extracted natural gas, the hydrogen is separated from the natural gas and returned to the natural gas field. Said method variant is suitable especially where the natural gas can be separated from the gaseous hydrogen anyway as a liquefied gas. Hydrogen is returned to the field and natural gas is transported and delivered as a liquefied gas. Hydrogen from renewable energies thus can also be used advantageously to extract natural gas by displacing the natural gas in the natural gas field. By separating the hydrogen from the extracted natural gas and returning the hydrogen over a long period of time, the amount of recoverable natural gas of a field can also be increased depending on the geological structure. Natural gas, which has nearly triple the calorific value of hydrogen at the same gas volume, is flushed out of the field by the light hydrogen. Regardless of the method variant selected, the entire natural gas logistics are available to the renewable energies in the form of hydrogen at the end of the natural gas extraction. Renewable energies gradually replace the energy carrier natural gas in the field, the gas network, or in general in transport and at the load in order to then follow the natural gas. Natural gas becomes a renewable raw material - wind farms and solar farms become gas fields.

Description

Transport and storage of hydrogen.

One of the problems with the use of renewable energies is the weather-related unreliable and fluctuating generation of solar or wind energy. Another problem is that solar and wind energy are first converted into electrical energy and electrical energy can not be stored directly. In addition, in countries such as Germany has the greatest potential for wind energy in coastal regions and that high-voltage power lines have to be re-installed inland. Even more difficult is the question: How to get solar power from the Sahara to Europe?

If you put a climate world map on a world map for natural resources, you find that in the environment of most natural gas deposits abundant wind or solar energy is available. This is e.g. for the North Sea and Baltic coasts, northwestern Siberia (wind), North Africa, and the Persian Gulf (Sun) region.

If one uses hydrogen, produced from solar or wind energy by electrolysis of water, as a secondary energy carrier and introduces it into natural gas, renewable energies in the form of hydrogen can be stored and transported together with natural gas. That the hydrogen, also flammable gas, is introduced into natural gas, either in existing natural gas pipelines or directly into a natural gas deposit, and is then either collected in the reservoir or transported to the points of consumption in mixture with natural gas.

At the point of consumption, the following physical and chemical differences between hydrogen and natural gas (methane) must then be taken into account, especially in the case of a fluctuating gas mixture with varying hydrogen content:

■ Hydrogen gas has only 1/8 of the gas density of natural gas (methane)

(Hydrogen: 0.090 / methane: 0.718)

■ Hydrogen gas has about the same gas volume about 1/3 of the energy content (calorific value) of natural gas (hydrogen: 10.8 kJ / 1 / methane: 35.8 kJ / 1) ^■ Methane (CH4), the main constituent of natural gas, consumes four times more oxygen than hydrogen (H2) when burned, as the following reaction equations show:

2 H2 + 02 = 2 H20

CH4 + 2 O 2 - 2 H 2 O + 1 CO 2

The difficulty with such natural gas / hydrogen mixtures is: From the introduction of the volumetric amount of production fluctuating hydrogen into the natural gas, the composition of the gas mixture in the line system can no longer be maintained. That At each sampling point, a different gas mixture can arrive at any time. Also in the natural gas deposit, the hydrogen will be distributed unevenly and therefore creates a fluctuating gas mixture on the delivery side.

If the hydrogen content now fluctuates at a withdrawal point, the burner output can fluctuate considerably with respect to the gas volume of constant gas supply, for example in the case of combustion of the gas, and the air supply is regulated incorrectly.

In "Potentials of Water Economy" (Dr. Joachim Nitsch, Stuttgart 2002) the substitution of natural gas by hydrogen in the piping system and at the point of consumption is described in detail, without addressing the aforementioned problems in the use of fluctuating mixtures of natural gas and hydrogen how they can be controlled by the following measures:

1. Before use, the gas mixture is analyzed and thus, above all, the hydrogen content and thus e.g. the calorific value of the mixture is calculated before combustion

2. According to the hydrogen content, in the case of combustion, the supply of gas mixture is metered so that the burner power remains under control or constant.

3. For burners with controlled air supply then the calculated according to point 1. and resulting from the above reaction equations amount of air is added. Point 1 must also be taken into account for the evaluation of the delivered gas mixture, since the billing is based on kWh, that is to say on the performance, but shows today's standard gas meters only the volume consumed. Since hydrogen and natural gas differ significantly in their energy content, the delivered power is calculated from the delivered volume and the average hydrogen content of the meter reading period according to point 1.

An object of the present invention is thus a method for the transport and storage of renewable energy, characterized in that renewable energy - present as electrical energy - is converted by water electrolysis in hydrogen as a secondary energy source, the hydrogen thus produced a natural gas pipeline or a natural gas deposit or a natural gas storage is supplied, optionally mixed with the natural gas and thus displaced or replaced the natural gas and transported in mixture with the natural gas in a natural gas pipeline or in the existing natural gas network to the point of consumption, where then the actual gas composition is determined directly before use and, if, for example the use of a combustion is, according to the ratio of natural gas / hydrogen, the gas metering and possibly also the air metering is controlled so that when changing gas composition a controlled or uniform burner function is ensured.

With the large difference in density between hydrogen and methane, the main constituent of the natural gas, the combination of hydrogen and natural gas in the gas line by active mixing is preferred over simply introducing one gas component into the other. For active mixing, e.g. the gas mixers used in the chemical industry, which serve to mix gaseous reactants are used. Generally suitable are devices which serve to mix gases.

The gas mixture according to the invention can then be transported via the existing natural gas network to the point of consumption. But it can also be reserved from the network certain lines leading to selected points of consumption, the hydrogen / natural gas mixture according to the invention. These can be consumables, such as gas-fired power plants, which are already equipped with the analysis and control devices described below in the feed-through phase of the method according to the invention. The determination of hydrogen should preferably be carried out in the gas stream, so that the firing process can be quickly adapted to the current gas composition.

For hydrogen determination, it is advisable to use, in addition to gas chromatography, the following physical and chemical differences between hydrogen and natural gas (methane):

This is initially the significantly lower gas density of hydrogen (1/8 of the natural gas). By continuous density or weight determination of the gas mixture so the hydrogen content can be determined continuously. In addition, lighter gases have a significantly higher flowability (fluidity). With the large difference in density between hydrogen and methane, the hydrogen content can be measured by an "effusiometer" (the gas density is determined by the time that a given amount of gas exits through a small orifice under a given pressure.) The fluidity of the gas mixture also has a measurable influence on the flow resistance.

A simple measuring method for gas volume and gas composition is, for example: One measures the gas volume over the flow velocity and additionally the gas density over the flow resistance (at then known flow velocity).

Another way of measuring the composition results from the approximately three times greater velocity of sound in hydrogen compared to methane, the main component of natural gas.

Also suitable is a continuous measurement of the thermal conductivity of the gas mixture. The thermal conductivity (W / m ° K) of hydrogen is about a factor of 5 higher than that of methane.

However, conclusions about the composition of the gas mixture arriving at the point of consumption can also be drawn from the quantitative analysis of the gaseous combustion products (combustion gases). As shown by the reaction equations on Sl, for example, CO 2 is produced only from methane, and CO 2 can be detected by its infrared absorption. But the burning gases are not just the burning gas and natural gas Contain hydrogen, but also the unused oxygen and the nitrogen contained in the combustion air, the supplied to the burner MethanAVasserstoffgasgemisch and the supplied air volume must be detected.

Another possibility is to add to the hydrogen at the point of introduction into the natural gas a messenger substance which is low in concentration and proportional to the amount of hydrogen, and with the aid of which the hydrogen concentration is then e.g. can be determined spectroscopically.

It is also possible to use several analysis methods, e.g. the density measurement of the supplied gas mixture in combination with the C02 determination in the combustion gas.

The gas mixture according to the invention is suitable for most applications of natural gas, but above all for combustion. As burners are particularly to call: burners of heating or steam generating systems, internal combustion engines and gas turbines.

In summary, for transport and storage, e.g. The following subunits are required for electrical solar or wind energy:

1. An electrolyzer for generating hydrogen from electrical energy.

2. A device for introducing the hydrogen into the natural gas.

3. A gas pipeline from the site of mixing or extraction to the point of use, whereby the existing gas pipeline system can be used.

4. At the point of use or, more generally, at the point of use, a device for determining the actual hydrogen content in the hydrogen / natural gas mixture and (for a subsequent combustion):

5. a Gasdosiergerät that adjusts the Brommstoffzusatz to the burner of the determined in the analyzer gas composition, and optionally

6. a regulator for the air supply to supply the correct amount of oxygen / air to the currently burning gas mixture. The invention therefore also claims a device combination which comprises the device components 1 to 4 and, with subsequent combustion, the device components 1 to 6. It should be noted that the individual device parts of this entire device can be constructed at geographically distant locations.

In addition, a consumption meter is claimed in which, in addition to the volumetric gas quantity determination (gas meter), the gas composition measured according to 4 in the reading period is included in the calculation of the delivered power (kWh). Such a gas meter, since it always measures the current gas composition, can also be used in the direct vicinity of the burner for controlling the combustion according to the invention.

When transporting the gas mixture according to the invention in the existing gas network must be noted that at nodes where two gas streams come together, they must be mixed again before the common onward transport; it is not to be expected that both streams have the same natural gas / hydrogen mixture ratio at any given time. Therefore, the amount and composition of each of the two gas streams prior to the combination, as described above, must be determined continuously and so their hydrogen content and thus their calorific value or energy content can be determined. The valuation is particularly important if the two gas streams are supplied by different cost centers. .

In the operation of the pipeline network with the gas mixture according to the invention is further noted that increases with increasing hydrogen content by the then decreasing calorific value of the mixture to maintain the power, the gas volume to be transported. Although this can be partially offset by the increased fluidity of the gas mixture at lower gas density, but in any case the pressure in the network is to be controlled so that an increased hydrogen concentration does not lead to a disturbing pressure drop at the affected consumption point (s).

By compensating for these fluctuations by more or less addition of natural gas through the deliberate addition of natural gas to the fluctuating hydrogen stream, when derived from the generation of fluctuating renewable energies, this method also effects a stabilization of solar and wind energy. This stabilization can also be achieved by storing hydrogen in natural gas storage facilities. Natural gas deposits have proved their gas-tightness over many thousands of years and should therefore also be suitable for storing hydrogen. For storage, the hydrogen is introduced into the natural gas deposit or the natural gas storage facility. You can introduce hydrogen while natural gas is still being pumped. Since the hydrogen does not distribute evenly in the deposit, as soon as the hydrogen arrives at the delivery side, a fluctuating gas mixture is again obtained, which must be determined in its composition during transport, use and evaluation as already described. The time when the hydrogen arrives at the delivery side is not predictable. If combined with the natural gas produced hydrogen in the piping system or in the natural gas network, so you get back to a fluctuating gas mixture in which the above-described precautions have to be taken for combustion or generally for processing.

Because of the significantly lower density of hydrogen, it may be advantageous to introduce hydrogen into the upper region of the natural gas deposit and make the removal at the bottom of the reservoir. As a result, the hydrogen pushes the natural gas out of the reservoir down and the occurrence of hydrogen on the delivery side can be delayed. In the case of natural gas extraction, the hydrogen can also be introduced into the deposit below and mixed with the natural gas.

The timing of the transport and the resulting problems with the use of a fluctuating gas mixture can also be delayed by the fact that on the delivery side, as soon as hydrogen is determined in the natural gas, it is separated from the natural gas. After the separation, it can then be returned to the deposit for further storage. Thus, hydrogen is introduced into the deposit over a longer period and unmixed natural gas is recovered. Hydrogen (for example from renewable sources) can thus also be used to export natural gas.

Another object of the present invention is thus a method for the extraction of natural gas with hydrogen, characterized in that the hydrogen is introduced / injected into the natural gas deposit and, as soon as the hydrogen-containing natural gas is measured on the production side, this hydrogen separated from Erdeas and back into the deposit is returned or otherwise used, which requires that, from the time of introduction of hydrogen into the natural gas deposit, the extracted natural gas be tested for hydrogen according to the invention.

Natural gas and hydrogen are preferably separated from one another by refrigeration, by liquefying the natural gas (methane) and dissipating the hydrogen at a temperature of about 100 ° C lower than gas. By measuring the gas volume of the separated hydrogen or the liquid volume of the liquefied natural gas, the hydrogen content of the gas mixture can also be determined.

This variant of the method is particularly suitable where, in any case, the natural gas for transport, e.g. on liquefied gas tankers, liquefied. The gas separated as gas is then returned from the natural gas liquefaction plant to a natural gas field to be retrieved with hydrogen. The ongoing measurement of the hydrogen content in the gas mixture is necessary because only for the natural gas (methane) - share the cooling energy must be supplied to the condensation, or at constant capacity of the liquefaction plant, the gas flow must be adjusted continuously to the content of liquefied natural gas in the gas mixture ,

If the pressure drop in the reservoir requires the use of hydrogen before renewable energy becomes available, then natural gas can be self-sustaining

It is therefore important to carry out hydrogen from the beginning because with another gas, such as carbon dioxide already used for the discharge of natural gas and which is heavier than natural gas (methane), the basic principle of this invention can not be realized. If carbon dioxide and later hydrogen from renewable energies are first introduced into the deposit, the carbon dioxide already in the deposit would complicate the hydrogen determinations described or, for example, be favored as the lowermost layer during the discharge of natural gas (at the lower end of the range) deposit). The hydrogen is recovered by known processes from natural gas produced by reaction in a steam reformer. In the conversion of natural gas in the steam reformer first reacts 1 mole of methane with one mole of water to 3 moles of hydrogen and 1 mole of carbon monoxide, which reacted in a second step with another mole of water one mole of hydrogen and one mole of carbon dioxide, which can be separated results , From one mole of methane so four moles of hydrogen, that is four times the volume of gas. Accordingly, it is only necessary to branch off the extracted natural gas in order to maintain the pressure required for discharge in the deposit. This process variant is suitable if hydrogen from renewable energies is (still) not available for discharge.

The present invention thus further provides a method for the challenge of natural gas, characterized in that a part of the extracted natural gas is converted by chemical reaction in hydrogen and the hydrogen thus obtained is introduced into the natural gas deposit and displaced there, the natural gas.

In the described process variants, in which hydrogen is introduced into natural gas (regardless of its origin and regardless of whether the hydrogen is introduced into the natural gas line or into the natural gas deposit), a fluctuating gas mixture of natural gas and hydrogen is obtained in which prior to its use or to determine the hydrogen content for its evaluation. This is especially true when hydrogen comes from unstable renewable energy sources.

The central object of the present invention is thus a method for the transport and storage of hydrogen, characterized in that hydrogen is introduced into the natural gas, the hydrogen introduced is transported and / or stored together with the natural gas, and before use or for evaluation the gas mixture of the contained hydrogen content is determined in the gas mixture. The determination of the hydrogen content is preferably carried out in the gas stream. Of course, according to this invention, one can also produce, transport and deliver a standardized gas mixture of hydrogen and natural gas by subsequently adding hydrogen or natural gas as needed to the fluctuating mixture. Important: Again, the respective need for one of the two components must be determined by measuring the hydrogen content in the original gas mixture.

The natural gas production of hydrogen according to the present invention is equally applicable to both associated and unassociated natural gas. In the case of the delivery of associated natural gas according to the invention, it may be simpler, after removal of the liquid fraction, the condensate and the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), if appropriate, to recirculate hydrogen together with methane into the deposit over a certain period of time.

The process according to the invention can be described by way of example in the following possible process variants:

1. Transport and stabilization of renewable energies

2. Hydrogen storage in natural gas deposits

3. Extraction of natural gas deposits with hydrogen and its recovery

1. Electric energy from an "offshore" wind farm off the German North Sea coast is converted into hydrogen by electrolysis on site, where it is collected and sent to the coast, where gas flows from the East Frisian islands to the country The hydrogen is introduced into the natural gas, mixed with the natural gas and fed as a gas mixture into a gas line or into the gas network At the nodes of the network, the hydrogen content is measured in both incoming gas streams and the respective calorific value is continuously determined At the points of consumption, the actual hydrogen content in the gas mixture is then determined for calorific value determination and for burner control. According to this process variant, renewable energies are not only transported, but also stabilized. Natural gas then fills in the gaps that exist in fluctuating renewable energies. Wind energy is also available in calm weather and solar energy at night.

Another object of the present invention is thus a method for transport and to stabilize renewable energy, characterized in that renewable energy - obtained as electrical energy from wind or solar power - is converted at or near its source by water electrolysis in hydrogen, the thus produced Hydrogen is fed into a natural gas pipeline, where it is mixed with natural gas and displaced or replaced natural gas and transported in mixture with the natural gas in a natural gas pipeline or in the natural gas network to the point / s where the current gas composition is determined prior to combustion is and according to the ratio of natural gas to hydrogen, the gas metering and, if necessary, the air supply is controlled so that when changing gas composition is always a controlled and / or constant burner function is ensured.

To 2. Renewable energies can also be stored in conjunction with natural gas. For this purpose, solar and wind power are converted into hydrogen as described and the hydrogen is introduced directly into a natural gas deposit.

Since the hydrogen does not distribute evenly in the deposit, the hydrogen is again obtained on the delivery side of a hydrogen / natural gas mixture with fluctuating composition, in which, as shown above, at the point of consumption, the hydrogen content must be continuously measured.

The present invention thus further provides a process for the storage of hydrogen, characterized in that the hydrogen is introduced into a natural gas storage or natural gas reservoir and thus displaces the natural gas, or replaced and then promoted in mixture with the natural gas and in a natural gas pipeline Consumption point is transported, wherein in relation to the hydrogen content fluctuating gas mixtures prior to combustion, the composition is determined and according to the found ί

Natural gas / hydrogen ratio for combustion The gas metering is regulated in such a way that a controlled burner function is always ensured with changing gas composition. With a clever arrangement of the discharge and delivery point, it can be achieved that hydrogen is introduced into the deposit over a longer period of time and un-mixed natural gas is conveyed. One way is to put the hydrogen gas in the top of the

To initiate storage and remove the natural gas in the lower area. The lighter hydrogen then displaces the natural gas down from its reservoir. Thus, hydrogen can be stored in the reservoir while producing natural gas and preparing the market for the needs of a fluctuating gas mixture.

On 3. The introduction of hydrogen into a natural gas deposit as described under 2. can be used not only for storage but also for the export of natural gas. That the hydrogen introduced / injected into the deposit pushes the natural gas out of the deposit. Once it is determined that the extracted natural gas contains hydrogen, the hydrogen is separated from natural gas and can be returned to the reservoir. In this way, unmixed natural gas is recovered, while in the reservoir, the supply of gas in the form of hydrogen "grows".

Since the separation of hydrogen is best done by cold liquefaction of natural gas, this method is particularly suitable where the natural gas is liquefied for transport anyway. This applies especially to the gas fields on the Persian Gulf and North Africa (where solar energy can also be used at the same time).

Another object of the present invention is therefore a method for storing hydrogen, characterized in that hydrogen is introduced into a natural gas deposit, the hydrogen displaces the natural gas and discharges and, as soon as measured in natural gas hydrogen fractions, the (gaseous) hydrogen after liquefaction the natural gas is transported as liquefied gas, for example, and the gaseous hydrogen is returned to a gas field for further discharge, the overall process of liquefying the natural gas fraction being controlled with respect to the incoming gas quantity and the cooling capacity via the hydrogen fraction measured in the gas mixture. It can be maintained over the entire of the natural gas deposit added hydrogen (hydrogen from the recovery and "new" hydrogen, eg from renewable energy), the pressure in the reservoir during the natural gas production.

According to the invention, it is also possible to introduce the hydrogen into a natural gas pipeline, then to lead it to a central natural gas liquefaction plant and to separate it there again from the natural gas. Where the hydrogen is introduced, where it is extracted and where or in which gas field it is returned depends on the local conditions.

The export of natural gas with hydrogen recovered on the production side and returned to the deposit can be continued as long as the recovery of the more valuable natural gas gas justifies this. Depending on the structure of the natural gas deposit, the amount of recoverable gas can be increased.

Under process conditions in which the hydrogen / natural gas mixture remains constant over an extended period or, as described above, a standardized mixture is used or the system for natural gas liquefaction of liquefied natural gas adjusts itself to a fluctuating gas mixture, can be based on a hydrogen determination before the Refrigeration liquefaction of natural gas be waived.

The present invention thus further relates to the storage of hydrogen, characterized in that the hydrogen is introduced into a natural gas deposit, displaced there, the natural gas and, when the hydrogen is mixed with the natural gas and a natural gas / hydrogen mixture is conveyed from the Gas mixture, the natural gas is separated by refrigeration liquefaction and transported as a liquefied gas and the remaining in the gas phase hydrogen is returned to a natural gas deposit.

Process variants 1 and 2 are recommended when natural gas is piped from the gas field to the consumer. Variant 3 is suitable where the natural gas is transported as liquefied gas At the beginning, it was shown that there is ample solar or wind energy available in the vicinity of most natural gas fields and natural gas pipelines, which makes the combination according to the invention of natural gas production and natural gas pipelines particularly economical with the storage and transport of renewable energies.

Another object of the present invention is therefore the transport and storage of renewable energy, characterized in that the plants for the production of hydrogen from wind or solar energy and plants for the conversion of biomass into hydrogen in the vicinity of a natural gas field or a natural gas pipeline are established and the hydrogen is introduced into the natural gas line or gas field.

Regardless of which of the described process variants are used in which sequence or stage of natural gas production: if the reserves of fossil gas are exhausted, both the natural gas storage facility or the natural gas storage facility and the pipeline system or gas network is filled with hydrogen and can be hydrogen-fueled from renewable sources Energies are used in place of natural gas. Hydrogen gas can then be extracted from the gas fields and transported in the gas network as long as the wind blows and the sun shines.

The present invention is thus the last storage and transport of hydrogen together with the natural gas according to the present description, wherein the hydrogen at the end of natural gas production in the deposit, the pipe system and at the point of consumption follows the natural gas.

With hydrogen as a secondary energy source, renewable energies are stored and transported together with natural gas. Since no new transport routes need to be created, they are immediately available to the consumer. And: In gas fields, where renewable energy in the form of hydrogen gradually takes the place of natural gas as an energy carrier, the natural gas contained therein itself becomes renewable energy.

Claims

1. A method for the transport and storage of hydrogen, characterized in that the hydrogen is introduced into natural gas, the hydrogen is transported and / or stored together with the natural gas as a gas mixture and wherein before use or for the evaluation of the gas mixture contained Hydrogen content is determined in the gas mixture.

2. A method for the transport and storage of hydrogen according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrogen content is determined by density measurement of the gas mixture or by measuring the speed of sound in the gas mixture or by measuring the fluidity or the flow resistance of the gas mixture.

3. A method for the transport and storage of hydrogen according to claim 1, characterized in that is derived and determined in the gas mixture after refrigeration liquefaction of the natural gas fraction of the remaining hydrogen in the gas phase.

4. A method for transporting and storing hydrogen according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the hydrogen is produced from renewable energy, wherein electric power from solar or wind energy is converted by water electrolysis in hydrogen or the hydrogen from biomass chemical reaction is obtained.

5. A method for the transport and storage of hydrogen according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the hydrogen is obtained by chemical reaction of natural gas or from its components, thereby resulting carbon dioxide is separated and the conversion of natural gas to hydrogen with a Magnification of the gas volume is connected.

6. A method for the transport and storage of hydrogen according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the hydrogen is added to the natural gas in the natural gas line or the natural gas network.

7. A method for the transport and storage of hydrogen according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the hydrogen is introduced into the natural gas in the natural gas deposit.

8. A method for transporting and storing hydrogen according to claim 7, characterized in that the addition of the hydrogen takes place in a higher region of the deposit and the removal of the natural gas or the natural gas / hydrogen mixture in a lower region of the deposit.

9. A method for the transport and storage of hydrogen according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at nodes of the gas network, in which two natural gas / hydrogen mixtures meet or a natural gas hydrogen mixture coincides with natural gas, the coincident mixtures before the common Forwarding are mixed and / or the hydrogen content of each of the two gas mixtures is measured.

10. A method for the transport and storage of hydrogen according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the determination of the

, Hydrogen content in the gas mixture before the combustion of the gas mixture takes place and the function of the burner with respect to metering of the gas mixture and in burners with controlled air supply and the addition of air is adapted to the determined hydrogen / natural gas ratio.

11. A method for the transport and storage of hydrogen according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the transported or stored gas mixture is separated again into hydrogen and natural gas

12. A method for transporting and storing hydrogen according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the transported or stored hydrogen / natural gas mixture is used for natural gas liquefaction and the hydrogen remaining in the gas phase is discharged, the natural gas being liquefied gas (LNG) is transported ..

13. A method for transporting and storing hydrogen according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the natural gas is discharged in its deposit with hydrogen by hydrogen is introduced into the natural gas deposit, the hydrogen there by building up the required pressure, the natural gas displaced and promoted in a natural gas / hydrogen mixture, the natural gas by refrigeration liquefaction and the remaining in the gas phase hydrogen is forwarded for further discharge in a natural gas storage, and the separation and return of the hydrogen can be continued into the deposit until the deposit Natural gas is replaced by hydrogen. that from renewable energies or by chemical conversion of natural gas obtained hydrogen is introduced into a natural gas deposit or gas line, the hydrogen displaced there natural gas or replaced and the resulting natural gas / hydrogen mixture is separated by cold liquefaction of the natural gas and after discharge of the gaseous hydrogen the Natural gas is transported as liquefied natural gas (LNG) and the gaseous hydrogen separated from the liquefied natural gas is returned to a natural gas deposit.

15. A method for the transport and storage of hydrogen according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that hydrogen from renewable energy displaces the natural gas in the reservoir, the piping system and at the point of its use and the hydrogen at the end of the natural gas production of natural gas follows.