WO2011143905A1 - 一种复帧同步的接收装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种复帧同步的接收装置及方法 Download PDF

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WO2011143905A1
WO2011143905A1 PCT/CN2010/079393 CN2010079393W WO2011143905A1 WO 2011143905 A1 WO2011143905 A1 WO 2011143905A1 CN 2010079393 W CN2010079393 W CN 2010079393W WO 2011143905 A1 WO2011143905 A1 WO 2011143905A1
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subframe
multiframe
received
abs
phase
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PCT/CN2010/079393
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邱宁
李强
曾文琪
于天昆
刘中伟
邢艳楠
梁立宏
李立文
林峰
褚金涛
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Priority to ES10851662.6T priority Critical patent/ES2688481T3/es
Priority to EP10851662.6A priority patent/EP2515456B1/en
Priority to US13/522,826 priority patent/US8867522B2/en
Publication of WO2011143905A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011143905A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L7/00Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
    • H04L7/04Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals
    • H04L7/041Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals using special codes as synchronising signal
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L7/00Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
    • H04L7/04Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals
    • H04L7/041Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals using special codes as synchronising signal
    • H04L7/042Detectors therefor, e.g. correlators, state machines
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7073Synchronisation aspects
    • H04B1/70735Code identification
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7073Synchronisation aspects
    • H04B1/7075Synchronisation aspects with code phase acquisition
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04JMULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/02Details
    • H04J3/06Synchronising arrangements
    • H04J3/0602Systems characterised by the synchronising information used
    • H04J3/0605Special codes used as synchronising signal
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00Synchronisation arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of multiframe synchronization in communication and information technology, and particularly to a multi-frame synchronization receiving apparatus and method in a Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) system .
  • TD-SCDMA Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access
  • TD-SCDMA is one of the three mainstream standards of the third generation mobile communication system (3rd Generation, 3G) and has broad application prospects.
  • 3G Third Generation
  • each subframe has a length of 5 ms, and every 4 consecutive subframes constitute one multiframe.
  • BCH broadcast channel
  • P-CCPCH Primary-Common Control Physical Channel
  • Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation phase of the Sync-DL code relative to the Midamble code in the 0 slot where the sequence for the SYNC-DL phase modulation is as shown in the table. 1 is shown. Table 1 Sequences for SYNC-DL phase modulation
  • the existing multiframe synchronization methods are mainly classified into the following types: 1) directly detecting the phase of four consecutive subframes;
  • the direct BCH attempts different sub-frame start positions for demodulation decoding to determine the multi-frame.
  • CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
  • the starting position of Midamble and SYNC-DL differs by 544 chips.
  • the direct phase detection method requires a phase resolution of at least 45 degrees, which means that the residual frequency offset of the noiseless environment must also be less than 294 Hz due to noise. And the effect of residual frequency offset, the direct phase detection method has lower practical value.
  • Differential phase detection is a method of detecting the phase difference relationship between four consecutive phases of S1.
  • the four consecutive phase phase differences of S1 are -90, 180 and -90, respectively. Using this feature does avoid the effect of frequency offset, but unfortunately when the received 4 subframes are the last 2 subframes of S1 and the first 2 subframes of S2, that is, the phases are 225, 135, 315 and 225.
  • the calculation results of the phase difference of the four sub-frames are also -90, 180 and -90. Therefore, the method of differential phase detection cannot distinguish between the two cases, which leads to a large number of false positives.
  • the method of correlation accumulation modulo avoids the direct detection of the phase, but based on the principle that the sequence correlation accumulation in accordance with the sequence difference of the local sequence can be accumulated in the same phase, and the modulo detection sequence is used. Since the essence also utilizes the phase difference characteristic, in the scenario of S1 connected to S2 with differential correlation, a correlated accumulated value of 4j is obtained, and the result is only 90 degrees out of phase with the accumulated value 4 when S1 is aligned. If the phase is not detected, the two cases cannot be distinguished.
  • the detected phase returns to the residual frequency offset problem of the direct phase detection.
  • the above-mentioned deficiencies in the actual project are too high, and the effect is not ideal.
  • most of the practical applications use the multi-frame synchronization method based on BCH.
  • the existing multiframe synchronization method has certain defects in terms of robustness: direct detection is sensitive to frequency offset; the problem encountered by differential phase detection and related accumulation modulo method is that S1 cannot be distinguished from S2. Sequence combination; BCH decoding attempts are time consuming and sensitive to both channel and frequency offset.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a receiving apparatus and method for multiframe synchronization, which can accurately perform multiframe synchronization, and effectively overcome the defects of the existing scheme.
  • the present invention provides a multiframe synchronization method, including: for each subframe received, the receiving end determines that the received subframe is a probability of each subframe in the multiframe, and the probability is the greatest after receiving N subframes.
  • the subframe is the state of the currently received subframe.
  • BM(2) CorrC*expG*(l+l/2)*pi/2), BM(2) reflects the deviation of the phase of the received subframe from 135 Q ;
  • BM(3) CorrC*expG*(2+l/2)*pi/2), BM(3) reflects the deviation of the phase of the received subframe from 225 Q ;
  • BM(4) CorrC*expG*(3+l/2)*pi/2), BM(4) reflects the deviation of the phase of the received subframe from 315 Q.
  • the method further includes: defining eight path metrics PM(1), PM(2)...PM(8), and PM(i) indicating a probability that the received subframe is a subframe Sti, and clearing before the multiframe synchronization PM(1) to PM(8); calculating, according to each BM value, a probability that the subframe is a probability of each of the eight seed frames,
  • the method further includes: after receiving the N subframes, the index of the PM with the largest path metric is PMIdx, and determining the multiframe of the Nth subframe and the position in the multiframe according to the following manner:
  • a receiving device for multiframe synchronization comprising a computing module; wherein: the calculating module is configured to: calculate a probability that the received subframe is a subframe in the multiframe, and according to the probability after receiving the N subframes The largest subframe determines the state of the currently received subframe.
  • BM(2) CorrC*expG*(l+l/2)*pi/2
  • BM(2) reflects the deviation of the phase of the received subframe from 135 Q
  • BM(3) CorrC*expG*(2 +l/2)*pi/2
  • BM(3) reflects the deviation of the phase of the received subframe from 225 Q ;
  • BM(4) CorrC*expG*(3+l/2)*pi/2), BM(4) reflects the deviation of the phase of the received subframe from 315 0 .
  • PM(1), PM(2)...PM(8), PM(i) indicates the probability that the received subframe is the subframe Sti, clear PM(1) to PM before the multiframe synchronization (8); the calculation module is configured to calculate, according to the BM value, the probability that the subframe is each of 8 seed frames according to the following:
  • the present invention provides a receiving apparatus and method for multiframe synchronization. Based on the state transition structure, the phase information of all subframes is fully utilized, and the multiframe synchronization position is effectively obtained, and the computational complexity is low. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the present invention performs well in a variety of environments and does not depend on residual frequency offset and S1/S2 distribution characteristics.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a state transition of a subframe
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the method of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a relationship between the number of subframes and the performance of multiframe synchronization
  • Figure 5 is the effect of the sample deviation on the multiframe synchronization performance
  • Figure 6 is the multiframe synchronization performance under the Casel channel
  • Figure 7 is the multiframe synchronization performance under the Case3 channel.
  • the present invention introduces a structure of state transition, and provides a receiving apparatus and method for multiframe synchronization. Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the features in the embodiments and the embodiments in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other.
  • the embodiment provides a receiving apparatus for multiframe synchronization, and the receiving apparatus includes a computing module;
  • the calculation module is configured to: calculate a probability that the received subframe is each subframe in the multiframe, and determine, after receiving the N subframes, the state of the currently received subframe according to the subframe with the highest probability.
  • the state is one of the following eight seed frames: Stl, St2, St3, St4, St5, St6, St7, and St8, where St1, St2, St3, and St4 are multiframes.
  • BM(2) CorrC*expG*(l+l/2)*pi/2), BM(2) reflects the deviation of the phase of the received subframe from 135 Q ;
  • BM(3) CorrC*expG*(2+l/2)*pi/2), BM(3) reflects the deviation of the phase of the received subframe from 225 Q ;
  • BM(4) CorrC*expG*(3+l/2)*pi/2), BM(4) reflects the deviation of the phase of the received subframe from 315 0 .
  • eight path metrics PM(1), PM(2), ..., PM(8) are defined, and PM(i) indicates the probability that the received subframe is the subframe Sti, and the PM is cleared before the multiframe synchronization. ) to PM (8); the calculation module is configured to calculate the 4 rate of the subframe as an arbitrary one of the 8 seed frames according to the BM value as follows:
  • PM(2) PM(1) + BM(1)
  • PM(3) PM(2) + BM(3)
  • PM(4) PM(3) + BM(2);
  • the index of the PM with the largest path metric is PMIdx, and the calculation module determines the multiframe of the Nth subframe and the position in the multiframe according to the following manner:
  • This embodiment provides a method for multiframe synchronization. For each subframe received, the receiving end determines the probability that the received subframe is the probability of each subframe in the multiframe, and the subframe with the highest probability after receiving the N subframes. That is, the state of the currently received subframe. Assuming that data of a certain subframe is currently received, the subframe must be one of the subframes in the multiframe position S1 or S2, then the subframe has eight possible states. These eight states for any sub-frame are numbered as Stl ⁇ St8 according to the name shown in the table below. Table 2: Status Numbers of Subframes
  • N 6; the transfer relationship between the eight states is as shown in Fig. 1.
  • Tn is the received nth subframe. Since the present invention is not designed for a channel estimation method, only a simple way of obtaining the CorrC with the strongest path determined by the following line sync code and taking the channel coefficients on the path is used. Define 8 path metrics PM(1), PM(2)...PM(8), PM(i) indicates the probability that the received subframe is Sti, and clear each PM(i) before the multiframe synchronization (TO time) PM is 0).
  • the specific implementation steps of the present invention are as shown in FIG. 2, including: Step 201: The receiving end receives a subframe, and calculates four branch metrics according to the phase of the currently received subframe, that is, calculates the phase of the subframe and the 4-seed frame. Phase deviation.
  • BM(l) CorrC*expG*(0+l/2)*pi/2), BM(1) reflects the deviation of the phase of the received subframe from 45°;
  • BM(2) CorrC*expG*(l+l/2)*pi/2), BM(2) reflects the deviation of the phase of the received subframe from 135 Q ;
  • SycDLCT Pathpos
  • MidabCT PathPos
  • conj the complex conjugate operation.
  • SycDLCT(PathPos)*conj(MidabCT(PathPos)) implements a process of obtaining phase estimation values by using channel estimation, which can be implemented by a method existing in the prior art.
  • Step 202 The calculated BM value updates the probability that the subframe is Sti, that is, updates PM(1) to PM(8); As shown in Figure 1, update PM(i) as follows:
  • PM(2) PM(1) + BM(1)
  • PM(3) PM(2) + BM(3)
  • PM(4) PM(3) + BM(2);
  • Step 203 Receive the next subframe. If the number of received subframes is less than N, return to step 201. Otherwise, perform step 204.
  • the following is a simulation comparison of the performance of the multiframe synchronization method in various scenarios using typical parameters. After the N subframes are synchronized, the last subframe is reported as S1 or S2 and the position of the subframe in the multiframe is reported. The two upper 4 values are correct to determine that the multiframe synchronization is successful. Firstly, the performance of the multiframe synchronization method under Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel is analyzed.
  • the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is defined as the ratio of the signal power to the noise power of the DwPTS portion.
  • the number of simulations for each sample in the graph is one thousand estimates.
  • the S1 and S2 sequences actually transmitted in the N subframes are randomly selected, and the positions of the starting subframes in S1 or S2 are also randomly selected.
  • the channel estimation uses a simple method of obtaining the CorrC with the strongest path determined by DwPTS and the channel coefficient on the path.
  • Figure 3 simulates the relationship between the number of subframes and the performance of multiframe synchronization.
  • the values of N are 6, 8, 12, and 16, respectively. Considering the reliability of the multiframe synchronization has a great influence on the system, the number of subframes below 6 is not attempted here. It can be seen that as the number of sub-frames increases, the performance of multi-frame synchronization is gradually improved.
  • N 8 when the error probability is less than one percent at -6dB SNR, the performance is excellent enough to meet the performance requirements of the existing system. Therefore, the number of multiframes in the subsequent simulation is determined to be eight.
  • Theoretical analysis shows that the method itself is independent of frequency offset.
  • the simulation results in Fig. 4 show that the method itself is not sensitive to the residual frequency offset, and the performance is not significantly degraded under the 1 kHz frequency offset. In the large frequency offset scene of 4 kHz, the degradation of the channel estimation accuracy indirectly causes a slight loss of the multiframe synchronization performance. , but still ideal.
  • the phase relationship between the synchronization code and the midable sequence used in TD-SCDMA distinguishes the multi-frame phase, and the S1 and S2 sequences are special, the existing phase-based multiframe synchronization methods are not reliable enough.
  • the BCH attempt method has a long time and relies on residual frequency offset and BCH distribution, which are not ideal.
  • the invention is based on the state transition structure, fully utilizes the phase information of all subframes, effectively obtains the multiframe synchronization position, and has low computational complexity.
  • Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method performs well in a variety of environments and does not depend on residual frequency offset and S1/S2 distribution characteristics.
  • the present invention provides a receiving apparatus and method for multiframe synchronization. Based on the state transition structure, the phase information of all subframes is fully utilized, and the multiframe synchronization position is effectively obtained, and the computational complexity is low. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the present invention performs well in a variety of environments and does not depend on residual frequency offset and S1/S2 distribution characteristics.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Synchronisation In Digital Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Time-Division Multiplex Systems (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种复帧同步方法,该方法包括:对于收到的每个子帧,接收端确定收到的所述子帧是复帧中每个子帧的概率,当收到N个子帧后概率最大的子帧即为当前接收的子帧所处状态。本发明还公开了一种复帧同步的接收装置,该接收装置包括计算模块;所述计算模块设置为:计算接收的子帧是复帧中每个子帧的概率,以及当收到N个子帧后根据概率最大的子帧确定当前接收的子帧所处状态。本发明有效的获取了复帧同步位置,且计算复杂度低。

Description

一种复帧同步的接收装置及方法
技术领域 本发明属于通信与信息技术中复帧同步领域, 特别涉及一种时分同步的 码分多址 ( Time Division- Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access , TD-SCDMA ) 系统中复帧同步的接收装置及方法。
背景技术
TD-SCDMA是第三代移动通信系统(3rd Generation, 3G ) 的三大主流 标准之一,具有广泛的应用前景。 TD-SCDMA下行帧格式中每个子帧长度为 5ms, 每 4 个连续子帧构成 1 个复帧。 为了正确解调广播信道(Broadcast Channel, BCH )信息, 在完成子帧同步后, TD-SCDMA系统中终端用户必 须先确定在主公共控制物理信道( Primary-Common Control Physical Channel, P-CCPCH ) 中 BCH的复帧的起始位置。 这个位置是由 Sync-DL码相对于 0 时隙中的 Midamble码的正交相移键控( Quadrature Phase Shift Keying , QPSK ) 调制相位来指示的, 其中用于 SYNC-DL相位调制的序列如表 1所示。 表 1 用于 SYNC-DL相位调制的序列
Figure imgf000003_0001
在分别获取 Midamble和 SYNC-DL的信道估计结果后,现有的复帧同步 方法的主要分为以下几种: 1 )直接对连续 4个子帧的相位进行检测;
2 )差分相位检测, 即计算前后两个子帧之间的相位差, 连续计算 4个子 帧后进行判断是否满足条件;
3 )相关累加求模, 即将该子帧的应有相位补偿后, 累加该估计值, 完成 4个子帧的补偿和累加后判断是否满足条件; 4 )直接 BCH尝试不同子帧起始位置进行解调解码确定复帧。 复帧可能 的起始位置一共有 4种。 首先假定某一子帧为复帧起始子帧, 对连续 4个子 帧进行解调解码, 如能够通过循环冗余校验(Cyclic Redundancy Check, CRC ) , 则假定正确; 否则重新假定另一起始位置, 进行解调解码; 重复上 述步骤直至能够正确解码。
Midamble和 SYNC-DL的起始位置相差 544个码片 ( chip ) , 直接相位 检测的方法要求相位的分辨率至少是 45度,也就是说无噪声环境残余频偏也 必须小于 294Hz, 由于受到噪声和残余频偏的影响, 直接相位检测的方法实 用价值较低。 差分相位检测是利用了 S1 的 4个连续相位之间的相位差关系进行检测 的方法, S1的 4个连续相位相位差分别为 -90, 180和 -90。 利用这一特性确 实避免了频偏的影响, 但不巧的是当收到的 4个子帧为 S1的后 2个子帧接 S2的前 2个子帧, 也就是相位是 225, 135, 315和 225时, 这 4个子帧相位 差的计算结果也是 -90, 180和 -90。 因此差分相位检测的方法无法分辨这两种 情况, 会导致大量的误报产生。 相关累加求模的方法回避了直接对相位进行检测, 而是基于符合本地序 列相位差分布的序列相关累加时可以同相累加的原理, 以模值检测序列。 由 于其本质也是利用了相位差的特性, 因此在差分相关产生缺陷的 S1接 S2场 景下, 会得到一个 4j的相关累加值, 该结果仅与 S1对齐时的累加值 4相差 了 90度相位,如不检测相位则无法区分这两种情况,如检测相位则回到了直 接相位检测的残余频偏问题。 考虑到上述三种方法存在以上缺陷, 实际工程中误 ^艮概率过高往往效果 不够理想, 目前实际应用中大都釆用了基于 BCH尝试的复帧同步方法。 通 过尝试解 BCH盲搜找出其复帧边界, 随机假定复帧起始位置解调解码, 如 果 BCH的 CRC正确, 则认为找到 BCH TTI边界。 如果多次 BCH的 CRC 错误均错误, 则逐一尝试其余 3种复帧起始位置, 直至 CRC正确。 由于某次 BCH的 CRC未能通过可能有如下几种原因: 1 ) 复帧起始位置错误; 2 )处 于信道衰落周期; 3 ) 残余频偏过大; 4 ) 未发 BCH ( S2状态) 。 BCH尝试 法不能排除原因 2 ) ~ 4 ) , 即便在假定的复帧位置上进行多次译码尝试, 也 不能完全排除上述原因, 在增加复帧同步时间消耗的同时, 也给系统残余了 一定隐患。 根据现有技术描述, 现有的复帧同步方法在鲁棒性方面均存在一定的缺 陷: 直接检测对频偏敏感; 差分相位检测和相关累加求模方法遇到的问题是 无法分辨 S1接 S2序列组合; BCH解码尝试法费时且对信道和频偏均敏感。
发明内容 本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种复帧同步的接收装置及方法, 可准 确地进行复帧同步, 有效克服了现有方案存在的缺陷。 本发明提供一种复帧同步方法, 包括: 对于收到的每个子帧, 接收端确定收到的所述子帧是复帧中每个子帧的 概率, 当收到 N个子帧后概率最大的子帧即为当前接收的子帧所处状态。 对于收到的每个子帧, 其状态为以下 8种子帧中的一种: Stl、 St2、 St3、 St4、 St5、 St6、 St7及 St8, 其中 Stl、 St2、 St3及 St4为复帧 SI中的子帧, St5、 St6、 St7及 St8为复帧 S2中的子帧; 对于收到的每个子帧, 接收端确定收到的所述子帧是复帧中每个子帧的 概率的步骤包括: 接收端收到一子帧后, 先确定所述子帧的相位与 4种可能 相位的相位偏差, 分别记为 BM(1)、 BM(2) 、 BM(3) 及 BM(4), 之后根据各 BM值计算所述子帧为 8种子帧中每种的概率; 其中, 所述 BM(1) = CorrC*expG*(0+l/2)*pi/2), BM(1)反映接收的子帧 的相位与 45Q的偏差;
BM(2) = CorrC*expG*(l+l/2)*pi/2), BM(2)反映接收的子帧的相位与 135Q 的偏差;
BM(3) = CorrC*expG*(2+l/2)*pi/2), BM(3)反映接收的子帧的相位与 225Q 的偏差;
BM(4) = CorrC*expG*(3+l/2)*pi/2), BM(4)反映接收的子帧的相位与 315Q 的偏差。 所述方法还包括: 定义 8个路径度量 PM(1)、 PM(2)...PM(8), PM(i)表示 接收的子帧为子帧 Sti的概率, 复帧同步前清零 PM(1)至 PM(8); 根据各 BM值计算所述子帧为 8种子帧中每种的概率的方式为,
PM (2)=PM(1) + BM(1), PM(3) =PM(2) + BM(3), PM(4) =PM(3) + BM(2); PM(6)=PM(5) + BM(3), PM(7)=PM(6) + BM(4), PM(8) = PM(7) + BM(1); 对于 PM(1),若 abs(PM(4)+BM(2)) > abs(PM(8)+BM(2)) ,则 PM(1) = PM(4) + BM(2), 若 abs(PM(4)+BM(2))<abs(PM(8)+BM(2)), 则 PM(1) = PM(8) + BM(2); 对于 PM(5),若 abs(PM(4)+BM(4)) > abs(PM(8)+BM(4)) ,则 PM(5) = PM(4) + BM(4) , 若 abs(PM(4)+BM(4))<abs(PM(8)+BM(4)), 则 PM(5) = PM(8) + BM(4); abs表示对复数取模。
所述 N > 6。 所述 N=8。 该方法还包括: 当接收完 N个子帧后, 路径度量最大的 PM的索引为 PMIdx, 则根据以 下方式确定第 N个子帧所在的复帧及在复帧中的位置:
SEsti = floor((PMIdx-l)/4)+l , 所述 SEsti为当前子帧所在复帧的序号, PEsti = mod(PMIdx- 1 , 4)+1 , 所述 SEsti为当前子帧在复帧中的序号; 其中, floor表示表示向下取整, mod表示求余。 一种复帧同步的接收装置, 该接收装置包括计算模块; 其中: 所述计算模块设置为: 计算接收的子帧是复帧中每个子帧的概率, 以及 当收到 N个子帧后根据概率最大的子帧确定当前接收的子帧所处状态。 对于收到的每个子帧, 其状态为以下 8种子帧中的一种: Stl、 St2、 St3、 St4、 St5、 St6、 St7及 St8, 其中 Stl、 St2、 St3及 St4为复帧 SI中的子帧, St5、 St6、 St7及 St8为复帧 S2中的子帧; 所述计算模块是设置为按如下方式计算接收的子帧是复帧中每个子帧的 概率: 每接收一个子帧, 计算模块计算该子帧的相位与 4种可能相位的相位 偏差, 分别记为 BM(1)、 BM(2) 、 BM(3) 及 BM(4), 之后根据 BM值计算所 述子帧为 8种子帧中每种的概率; 所述 BM(l)=CorrC*expG*(0+l/2)*pi/2), BM(1)反映接收的子帧的相位与 45Q的偏差;
BM(2) = CorrC*expG*(l+l/2)*pi/2), BM(2)反映接收的子帧的相位与 135Q 的偏差; BM(3) = CorrC*expG*(2+l/2)*pi/2), BM(3)反映接收的子帧的相位与 225Q 的偏差;
BM(4) = CorrC*expG*(3+l/2)*pi/2), BM(4)反映接收的子帧的相位与 3150 的偏差。 定义 8个路径度量 PM(1)、 PM(2)...PM(8), PM(i)表示接收的子帧为子帧 Sti的概率, 复帧同步前清零 PM(1)至 PM(8); 所述计算模块是设置为按如下方式根据 BM值计算所述子帧为 8种子帧 中每种的概率:
PM(2) = PM(1) + BM(1), PM(3) = PM(2) + BM(3), PM(4) = PM(3) + BM(2); PM(6) = PM(5) + BM(3), PM(7) = PM(6) + BM(4), PM(8) = PM(7) +
BM(1); 对于 PM(1),若 abs(PM(4)+BM(2)) > abs(PM(8)+BM(2)) ,则 PM(1) = PM(4) + BM(2), 若 abs(PM(4)+BM(2))<abs(PM(8)+BM(2)), 则 PM(1) = PM(8) + BM(2); 对于 PM(5) ,若 abs(PM(4)+BM(4)) > abs(PM(8)+BM(4)) ,则 PM(5) = PM(4)
+ BM(4) , 若 abs(PM(4)+BM(4))<abs(PM(8)+BM(4)), 则 PM(5) = PM(8) + BM(4); abs表示对复数取模。 设接收完 N个子帧后, 路径度量最大的 PM的索引为 PMIdx, 则所述计 算模块还设置为:根据以下方式确定第 N个子帧所在的复帧及在复帧中的位 置: SEsti=floor((PMIdx-l)/4)+l , 所述 SEsti 为当前子帧所在复帧的序号,
PEsti=mod(PMIdx- 1 , 4)+1 , 所述 SEsti为当前子帧在复帧中的序号; 其中, floor表示表示向下取整, mod表示求余。 综上所述, 本发明提供一种复帧同步的接收装置及方法, 基于状态转移 结构, 充分利用了所有子帧的相位信息, 有效的获取了复帧同步位置, 且计 算复杂度低。 理论分析和仿真结果均表明, 本发明在多种环境下性能优良, 且不依赖于残余频偏和 S1/S2分布特性。
附图概述 图 1是子帧状态转移关系图; 图 2是本发明方法流程图; 图 3是子帧数量与复帧同步性能之间的关系; 图 4是残余频偏对复帧同步性能的影响; 图 5是釆样偏差对复帧同步性能的影响; 图 6是 Casel信道下复帧同步性能; 图 7是 Case3信道下复帧同步性能。
本发明的较佳实施方式 本发明引入状态转移的结构, 提供一种复帧同步的接收装置及方法。 下 文中将结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。 需要说明的是, 在不冲突 的情况下, 本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。 本实施例提供一种复帧同步的接收装置, 该接收装置包括计算模块; 计算模块设置为: 计算接收的子帧是复帧中每个子帧的概率, 以及当收 到 N个子帧后根据概率最大的子帧确定当前接收的子帧所处状态。 具体地, 对于收到的每个子帧, 其状态为以下 8种子帧中的一种: Stl、 St2、 St3、 St4、 St5、 St6、 St7及 St8, 其中 Stl、 St2、 St3及 St4为复帧 SI 中的子帧, St5、 St6、 St7及 St8为复帧 S2中的子帧; 计算模块是设置为按如下方式计算接收的子帧是复帧中每个子帧的概 率: 每接收一个子帧, 计算模块计算该子帧的相位与 4种可能相位的相位偏 差, 分别记为 BM(1)、 BM(2) 、 BM(3) 及 BM(4), 之后根据 BM值计算所述 子帧为 8种子帧中每种的概率; BM(l)=CorrC*expG*(0+l/2)*pi/2), BM(1)反映接收的子帧的相位与 45Q 的偏差;
BM(2) = CorrC*expG*(l+l/2)*pi/2), BM(2)反映接收的子帧的相位与 135Q 的偏差;
BM(3) = CorrC*expG*(2+l/2)*pi/2), BM(3)反映接收的子帧的相位与 225Q 的偏差;
BM(4) = CorrC*expG*(3+l/2)*pi/2), BM(4)反映接收的子帧的相位与 3150 的偏差。 进一步地, 定义 8个路径度量 PM(1)、 PM(2)...PM(8), PM(i)表示接收的 子帧为子帧 Sti的概率, 复帧同步前清零 PM(1)至 PM(8); 计算模块是设置为按如下方式根据 BM值计算所述子帧为 8种子帧中任 意一种的 4既率:
PM(2) = PM(1) + BM(1), PM(3) = PM(2) + BM(3), PM(4) = PM(3) + BM(2);
PM(6) = PM(5) + BM(3), PM(7) = PM(6) + BM(4), PM(8) = PM(7) + BM(1); 对于 PM(1),若 abs(PM(4)+BM(2)) > abs(PM(8)+BM(2)) ,则 PM(1) = PM(4) + BM(2) , 否则 PM( 1 ) = PM(8) + BM(2); 对于 PM(5),若 abs(PM(4)+BM(4)) > abs(PM(8)+BM(4)) ,则 PM(5) = PM(4) + BM(4) , 否则 PM(5) = PM(8) + BM(4); abs表示对复数取模。 设接收完 N个子帧后, 路径度量最大的 PM的索引为 PMIdx, 则所述计 算模块根据以下方式确定第 N个子帧所在的复帧及在复帧中的位置:
SEsti=floor((PMIdx-l)/4)+l , 所述 SEsti 为当前子帧所在复帧的序号, PEsti=mod(PMIdx- 1 , 4)+1 , 所述 SEsti为当前子帧在复帧中的序号。
N > 6, 较佳地, N=8。
本实施例提供一种复帧同步的方法, 对于收到的每个子帧, 接收端确定 收到的子帧是复帧中每个子帧的概率, 当收到 N个子帧后概率最大的子帧即 为当前接收的子帧所处状态。 假定当前收到某一子帧的数据, 该子帧一定是处于复帧位置 S1或 S2中 的一个子帧, 那么该子帧有 8种可能的状态。 给任一子帧的这 8种状态按照 下表所示的名称编号, 记为 Stl~St8。 表 2: 子帧的状态编号
Figure imgf000010_0001
N > 6, 较佳地, N=8; 这 8种状态之间的转移关系如图 1所示。 其中 Tn为收到的第 n个子帧。 由于本发明并非针对信道估计方法设计, 此处仅釆用了单倍釆样下以下 行同步码确定的最强径并以该径上的信道系数获取 CorrC的简单方式。 定义 8个路径度量 PM(1)、 PM(2)...PM(8), PM(i)表示接收的子帧为 Sti 的概率, 复帧同步前清零各 PM(i) ( TO时刻 PM均为 0 ) 。 本发明具体实施 步骤如图 2所示, 包括: 步骤 201 : 接收端收到一子帧, 根据当前接收的子帧的相位计算 4种分 支度量, 即计算该子帧的相位与 4种子帧的相位偏差。
BM(l) = CorrC*expG*(0+l/2)*pi/2), BM(1)反映接收的子帧的相位与 45° 的偏差;
BM(2) = CorrC*expG*(l+l/2)*pi/2), BM(2)反映接收的子帧的相位与 135Q 的偏差;
BM(3) = CorrC*expG*(2+l/2)*pi/2), BM(3)反映接收的子帧的相位与 225Q 的偏差; BM(4) = CorrC*expG*(3+l/2)*pi/2), BM(4)反映接收的子帧的相位与 315Q 的偏差; 其中, CorrC 为利用信道估计获得的相位估计值, 方法与现有技术中的 过程一致: 其中, j 是虚数单位, 定义为 -1 的开根号结果, 用于表示复数的虚数部 分。 SycDLCT ( Pathpos )是用下行同步码计算的信道相位, MidabCT(PathPos) 是用 中 间 码计算的信道相位 , conj 是复数的共轭运算 。 SycDLCT(PathPos)*conj(MidabCT(PathPos))实现了利用信道估计获得相位估 计值的过程, 可以通过现有技术中已有的方法实现。
CorrC = SycDLCT(PathPos)*conj(MidabCT(PathPos)); 步骤 202: 居计算的 BM值更新该子帧为 Sti的几率, 即更新 PM( 1 ) 至 PM(8); 如图 1所示, 按照以下方式更新 PM(i):
PM(2) = PM(1) + BM(1), PM(3) = PM(2) + BM(3), PM(4) = PM(3) + BM(2);
PM(6) = PM(5) + BM(3), PM(7) = PM(6) + BM(4), PM(8) = PM(7) + BM(1); 对于 PM(1),若 abs(PM(4)+BM(2)) > abs(PM(8)+BM(2)) ,则 PM(1) = PM(4) + BM(2) , 否则 PM( 1 ) = PM(8) + BM(2); abs(PM(4)+BM(2)) > abs(PM(8)+BM(2)),说明 Stl是由 St4收到相位为的 135。子帧跳变得到的; abs(PM(4)+BM(2)) < abs(PM(8)+BM(2)), 说明 Stl是 由 St8收到相位为的 135Q子帧跳变得到的。 对于 PM(5),若 abs(PM(4)+BM(4)) > abs(PM(8)+BM(4)) ,则 PM(5) = PM(4) + BM(4) , 否则 PM(5) = PM(8) + BM(4); abs表示对复数取模。
Stl 和 St5状态的路径度量保留两条可能路径中备选路径度量模值较大 者, 其余 St状态直接计算。 该方法使得随时间的推移需要计算的路径度量数 量始终为 8个, 不会随次数扩大。 步骤 203: 收到下一子帧, 若收到的子帧数量小于 N, 则返回步骤 201 , 否则执行步骤 204。 步骤 204: 经过 N个子帧路径度量计算后, 以路径度量模最大的原则确 定最后接收的子帧的状态。 从而确定当前子帧在复帧中所处的位置, 完成复 帧同步过程。
[PMMax, PMIdx] = max(abs(PM)); 通过该公式选出路径度量模最大的 PM, PMIdx为该 PM的索引; 其中 max()表示取最大值; 确定当前子帧所在复帧是 S1还是 S2的方式为: SEsti = floor((PMIdx-l)/4)+l , floor表示向下取整, 得到的 SEsti为当前 子帧所在复帧的序号, 即 SEsti为 1时当前子帧所在复帧为 SI , SEsti为 2时 当前子帧所在复帧为 S2。 确定当前子帧是第几个子帧的方式为: PEsti = mod(PMIdx-l , 4)+1 , mod 为求余运算, 得到的 SEsti为当前子帧在复帧中的序号。 后续仿真表明 N取 8即可获取较理想的性能。 由于每个子帧所需的存储 空间和运算量很小, 此处略去存储空间和运算量评估。
下面釆用典型参数对复帧同步方法在各种场景下的性能进行了仿真比 较。 N个子帧复帧同步后上报最后一个子帧是 S1还是 S2并上报该子帧在复 帧中的位置, 这两个上 4艮值均正确方判定此次复帧同步成功。 首先, 分析加性高斯白噪声 (Additive White Gaussian Noise, AWGN ) 信道下该复帧同步方法性能。 信噪比 (Signal-to-noise ratio, SNR ) 定义为 DwPTS部分的信号功率与噪声功率之比,图中每个样点的仿真数量为一千次 估计。 每次估计经历 N个子帧, 这 N个子帧中实际发送的 S1和 S2序列随 机选取, 起始子帧在 S1或 S2中的位置也随机取值。 信道估计釆用了单倍釆 样下以 DwPTS确定的最强径并以该径上的信道系数获取 CorrC的简单方式。 图 3仿真了子帧数量与复帧同步性能之间的关系。 N取值分别为 6, 8, 12和 16,考虑到复帧同步的可靠性对系统影响较大,此处未尝试 6以下的子 帧数量。 可见随着子帧数量的增加, 复帧同步的性能逐步提高。 考虑到 N取 8时, 错误概率在 -6dB信噪比时已经低于百分之一, 性能优异, 足以满足现 有系统对性能的需求, 因此后续仿真中复帧数量均确定为 8个。 理论分析可知, 该方法本身与频偏无关。 图 4的仿真结果表明, 该方法 本身对残余频偏不敏感, 1kHz频偏下性能未出现明显退化, 4kHz的大频偏 场景下, 由于信道估计精度出现下降间接引起复帧同步性能稍有损失, 但仍 然较为理想。 由于信道估计釆用了单倍釆样, 釆样偏差引起的径分裂降低了最强径的 信噪比, 使得以最强径确定的复帧同步性能有所下降如图 5所示, 分析表明 该性能劣化与最强径的信噪比降低程度对应相当。 图 6和图 7分别仿真了 Casel和 Case3信道下复帧同步的性能, 达到百 分之一错误概率所需的信噪比分别为 4dB和 OdB, 远低于小区搜索其他步骤 以及正确解调所需的信噪比区间。 由于 TD-SCDMA釆用的同步码和 midable序列之间的相位关系区分复帧 相位, 且其 S1和 S2序列较为特殊, 致使现有的几种基于相位的复帧同步方 法不够可靠, 目前工程使用的 BCH尝试法又存在时间较长, 依赖残余频偏 和 BCH分布等问题, 均不够理想。 本发明基于状态转移结构, 充分利用了所有子帧的相位信息, 有效的获 取了复帧同步位置, 且计算复杂度低。 理论分析和仿真结果均表明, 该方法 在多种环境下性能优良, 且不依赖于残余频偏和 S1/S2分布特性。 本领域普通技术人员可以理解上述方法中的全部或部分步骤可通过程序 来指令相关硬件完成, 所述程序可以存储于计算机可读存储介质中, 如只读 存储器、 磁盘或光盘等。 可选地, 上述实施例的全部或部分步骤也可以使用 一个或多个集成电路来实现。 相应地, 上述实施例中的各模块 /单元可以釆用 硬件的形式实现, 也可以釆用软件功能模块的形式实现。 本发明不限制于任 何特定形式的硬件和软件的结合。
工业实用性 本发明提供一种复帧同步的接收装置及方法, 基于状态转移结构, 充分 利用了所有子帧的相位信息,有效的获取了复帧同步位置,且计算复杂度低。 理论分析和仿真结果均表明, 本发明在多种环境下性能优良, 且不依赖于残 余频偏和 S1/S2分布特性。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种复帧同步方法, 该方法包括:
对于收到的每个子帧, 接收端确定收到的所述子帧是复帧中每个子帧的 概率, 当收到 N个子帧后概率最大的子帧即为当前接收的子帧所处状态。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中: 对于收到的每个子帧, 其状态为以下 8种子帧中的一种: Stl、 St2、 St3、 St4、 St5、 St6、 St7及 St8, 其中 Stl、 St2、 St3及 St4为复帧 SI中的子帧, St5、 St6、 St7及 St8为复帧 S2中的子帧; 对于收到的每个子帧, 接收端确定收到的所述子帧是复帧中每个子帧的 概率的步骤包括: 接收端收到一子帧后, 先确定所述子帧的相位与 4种可能 相位的相位偏差, 分别记为 BM(1)、 BM(2) 、 BM(3) 及 BM(4), 之后根据各 BM值计算所述子帧为 8种子帧中每种的概率; 其中, 所述 BM(1) = CorrC*expG*(0+l/2)*pi/2), BM(1)反映接收的子帧 的相位与 45Q的偏差; BM(2) = CorrC*expG*(l+l/2)*pi/2), BM(2)反映接收的子帧的相位与 135Q 的偏差;
BM(3) = CorrC*expG*(2+l/2)*pi/2), BM(3)反映接收的子帧的相位与 225Q 的偏差;
BM(4) = CorrC*expG*(3+l/2)*pi/2), BM(4)反映接收的子帧的相位与 315Q 的偏差。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的方法, 其中: 所述方法还包括: 定义 8个路径度量 PM(1)、 PM(2)...PM(8), PM(i)表示 接收的子帧为子帧 Sti的概率, 复帧同步前清零 PM(1)至 PM(8); 根据各 BM值计算所述子帧为 8种子帧中每种的概率的方式为, PM (2)=PM(1) + BM(1), PM(3) =PM(2) + BM(3), PM(4) =PM(3) + BM(2);
PM(6)=PM(5) + BM(3), PM(7)=PM(6) + BM(4), PM(8) = PM(7) + BM(1); 对于 PM(1),若 abs(PM(4)+BM(2)) > abs(PM(8)+BM(2)) ,则 PM(1) = PM(4) + BM(2), 若 abs(PM(4)+BM(2))<abs(PM(8)+BM(2)), 则 PM(1) = PM(8) + BM(2); 对于 PM(5),若 abs(PM(4)+BM(4)) > abs(PM(8)+BM(4)) ,则 PM(5) = PM(4) + BM(4) , 若 abs(PM(4)+BM(4))<abs(PM(8)+BM(4)), 则 PM(5) = PM(8) + BM(4); abs表示对复数取模。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中: 所述 N > 6。
5、 如权利要求 4所述的方法, 其中: 所述 N=8。
6、 如权利要求 3所述的方法, 其还包括: 当接收完 N个子帧后, 路径度量最大的 PM的索引为 PMIdx, 则根据以 下方式确定第 N个子帧所在的复帧及在复帧中的位置:
SEsti = floor((PMIdx-l)/4)+l , 所述 SEsti为当前子帧所在复帧的序号, PEsti = mod(PMIdx- 1 , 4)+1 , 所述 SEsti为当前子帧在复帧中的序号; 其中, floor表示表示向下取整, mod表示求余。
7、 一种复帧同步的接收装置, 该接收装置包括计算模块; 其中: 所述计算模块设置为: 计算接收的子帧是复帧中每个子帧的概率, 以及 当收到 N个子帧后根据概率最大的子帧确定当前接收的子帧所处状态。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的接收装置, 其中: 对于收到的每个子帧, 其状态为以下 8种子帧中的一种: Stl、 St2、 St3、 St4、 St5、 St6、 St7及 St8, 其中 Stl、 St2、 St3及 St4为复帧 SI中的子帧, St5、 St6、 St7及 St8为复帧 S2中的子帧; 所述计算模块是设置为按如下方式计算接收的子帧是复帧中每个子帧的 概率: 每接收一个子帧, 计算模块计算该子帧的相位与 4种可能相位的相位 偏差, 分别记为 BM(1)、 BM(2) 、 BM(3) 及 BM(4), 之后根据 BM值计算所 述子帧为 8种子帧中每种的概率; 所述 BM(l)=CorrC*expG*(0+l/2)*pi/2), BM(1)反映接收的子帧的相位与 45Q的偏差; BM(2) = CorrC*expG*(l+l/2)*pi/2), BM(2)反映接收的子帧的相位与 135Q 的偏差;
BM(3) = CorrC*expG*(2+l/2)*pi/2), BM(3)反映接收的子帧的相位与 225Q 的偏差;
BM(4) = CorrC*expG*(3+l/2)*pi/2), BM(4)反映接收的子帧的相位与 3150 的偏差。
9、 如权利要求 8所述的接收装置, 其中: 定义 8个路径度量 PM(1)、 PM(2)...PM(8), PM(i)表示接收的子帧为子帧 Sti的概率, 复帧同步前清零 PM(1)至 PM(8); 所述计算模块是设置为按如下方式根据 BM值计算所述子帧为 8种子帧 中每种的概率:
PM(2) = PM(1) + BM(1), PM(3) = PM(2) + BM(3), PM(4) = PM(3) + BM(2);
PM(6) = PM(5) + BM(3), PM(7) = PM(6) + BM(4), PM(8) = PM(7) + BM(1); 对于 PM(1),若 abs(PM(4)+BM(2)) > abs(PM(8)+BM(2)) ,则 PM(1) = PM(4)
+ BM(2), 若 abs(PM(4)+BM(2))<abs(PM(8)+BM(2)), 则 PM(1) = PM(8) + BM(2); 对于 PM(5),若 abs(PM(4)+BM(4)) > abs(PM(8)+BM(4)) ,则 PM(5) = PM(4) + BM(4) , 若 abs(PM(4)+BM(4))<abs(PM(8)+BM(4)), 则 PM(5) = PM(8) + BM(4); abs表示对复数取模。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的接收装置, 其中: 设接收完 N个子帧后, 路径度量最大的 PM的索引为 PMIdx, 则所述计 算模块还设置为:根据以下方式确定第 N个子帧所在的复帧及在复帧中的位 置:
SEsti=floor((PMIdx-l)/4)+l , 所述 SEsti 为当前子帧所在复帧的序号, PEsti=mod(PMIdx- 1 , 4)+1 , 所述 SEsti为当前子帧在复帧中的序号; 其中, floor表示表示向下取整, mod表示求余。
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